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Karamanova N, Truran S, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Madine J, Weissig V, Davies HA, Veldhuizen J, Nikkhah M, Hansen M, Zhang W, D'Souza K, Franco DA, Migrino RQ. Endothelial Immune Activation by Medin: Potential Role in Cerebrovascular Disease and Reversal by Monosialoganglioside-Containing Nanoliposomes. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014810. [PMID: 31928157 PMCID: PMC7033828 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The function of medin, one of the most common human amyloid proteins that accumulates in the vasculature with aging, remains unknown. We aim to probe medin's role in cerebrovascular disease by comparing cerebral arterial medin content between cognitively normal and vascular dementia (VaD) patients and studying its effects on endothelial cell (EC) immune activation and neuroinflammation. We also tested whether monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes could reverse medin's adverse effects. Methods and Results Cerebral artery medin and astrocyte activation were measured and compared between VaD and cognitively normal elderly brain donors. ECs were exposed to physiologic dose of medin (5 μmol/L), and viability and immune activation (interleukin‐8, interleukin‐6, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) were measured without or with monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes (300 μg/mL). Astrocytes were exposed to vehicle, medin, medin‐treated ECs, or their conditioned media, and interleukin‐8 production was compared. Cerebral collateral arterial and parenchymal arteriole medin, white matter lesion scores, and astrocyte activation were higher in VaD versus cognitively normal donors. Medin induced EC immune activation (increased interleukin‐8, interleukin‐6, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) and reduced EC viability, which were reversed by monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes. Interleukin‐8 production was augmented when astrocytes were exposed to medin‐treated ECs or their conditioned media. Conclusions Cerebral arterial medin is higher in VaD compared with cognitively normal patients. Medin induces EC immune activation that modulates astrocyte activation, and its effects are reversed by monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes. Medin is a candidate novel risk factor for aging‐related cerebrovascular disease and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Phoenix AZ.,Arizona State University Tempe AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Q Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Phoenix AZ.,University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
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Migrino RQ, Davies HA, Truran S, Karamanova N, Franco DA, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Truong D, Nikkhah M, Madine J. Amyloidogenic medin induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation through the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1389-1402. [PMID: 28859297 PMCID: PMC6676393 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Medin is a common amyloidogenic protein in humans that accumulates in arteries with advanced age and has been implicated in vascular degeneration. Medin's effect on endothelial function remains unknown. The aims are to assess medin's effects on human arteriole endothelial function and identify potential mechanisms underlying medin-induced vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex vivo human adipose and leptomeningeal arterioles were exposed (1 h) to medin (0.1, 1, or 5 µM) without or with FPS-ZM1 [100 µM, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)-specific inhibitor] and endothelium-dependent function (acetylcholine dilator response) and endothelium-independent function (dilator response to nitric oxide donor diethylenetriamine NONOate) were compared with baseline control. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to medin without or with FPS-ZM1 and oxidative and nitrative stress, cell viability, and pro-inflammatory signaling measures were obtained. Medin caused impaired endothelial function (vs. baseline response: -45.2 ± 5.1 and -35.8 ± 7.9% in adipose and leptomeningeal arterioles, respectively, each P < 0.05). Dilator response to NONOate was not significantly changed. Medin decreased arteriole and endothelial cell nitric oxide production, increased superoxide production, reduced endothelial cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Medin increased gene and protein expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 via activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). Medin-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress were reversed by antioxidant polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase and by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1. CONCLUSIONS Medin causes human microvascular endothelial dysfunction through oxidative and nitrative stress and promotes pro-inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells. These effects appear to be mediated via RAGE. The findings represent a potential novel mechanism of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Q. Migrino
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85022, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hannah A. Davies
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Seth Truran
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85022, USA
| | - Nina Karamanova
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85022, USA
| | - Daniel A. Franco
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85022, USA
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Geidy E. Serrano
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Danh Truong
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jillian Madine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Guzman-Villanueva D, Migrino RQ, Truran S, Karamanova N, Franco DA, Burciu C, Senapati S, Nedelkov D, Hari P, Weissig V. PEGylated-nanoliposomal clusterin for amyloidogenic light chain-induced endothelial dysfunction. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:97-105. [PMID: 28103719 PMCID: PMC5591079 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1274756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality arising from multi-organ injury induced by amyloidogenic light chain proteins (LC). There is no available treatment to reverse the toxicity of LC. We previously showed that chaperone glycoprotein clusterin (CLU) and nanoliposomes (NL), separately, restore human microvascular endothelial function impaired by LC. In this work, we aim to prepare PEGylated-nanoliposomal clusterin (NL-CLU) formulations that could allow combined benefit against LC while potentially enabling efficient delivery to microvascular tissue, and test efficacy on human arteriole endothelial function. NL-CLU was prepared by a conjugation reaction between the carboxylated surface of NL and the primary amines of the CLU protein. NL were made of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (Chol) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG 2000 carboxylic acid) at 70:25:5 mol%. The protective effect of NL-CLU was tested by measuring the dilation response to acetylcholine and papaverine in human adipose arterioles exposed to LC. LC treatment significantly reduced the dilation response to acetylcholine and papaverine; co-treatment of LC with PEGylated-nanoliposomal CLU or free CLU restored the dilator response. NL-CLU is a feasible and promising approach to reverse LC-induced endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Guzman-Villanueva
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University , AZ , USA.,b Nanomedicine Center of Excellence in Translation Cancer Research , Glendale , AZ , USA
| | - Raymond Q Migrino
- c Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System , AZ , USA.,d University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Seth Truran
- c Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System , AZ , USA
| | | | | | - Camelia Burciu
- c Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System , AZ , USA
| | - Subhadip Senapati
- e Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Case Western Reserve University , OH , USA
| | - Dobrin Nedelkov
- f Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , AZ , USA , and
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- g Department of Medicine , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Volkmar Weissig
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University , AZ , USA.,b Nanomedicine Center of Excellence in Translation Cancer Research , Glendale , AZ , USA
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Franco DA, Truran S, Weissig V, Guzman-Villanueva D, Karamanova N, Senapati S, Burciu C, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Blancas-Mejia LM, Lindsay S, Hari P, Migrino RQ. Monosialoganglioside-Containing Nanoliposomes Restore Endothelial Function Impaired by AL Amyloidosis Light Chain Proteins. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003318. [PMID: 27412900 PMCID: PMC4937272 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is associated with high mortality, especially in patients with advanced cardiovascular involvement. It is caused by toxicity of misfolded light chain proteins (LC) in vascular, cardiac, and other tissues. There is no treatment to reverse LC tissue toxicity. We tested the hypothesis that nanoliposomes composed of monosialoganglioside, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol (GM1 ganglioside-containing nanoliposomes [NLGM1]) can protect against LC-induced human microvascular dysfunction and assess mechanisms behind the protective effect. METHODS AND RESULTS The dilator responses of ex vivo abdominal adipose arterioles from human participants without AL to acetylcholine and papaverine were measured before and after exposure to LC (20 μg/mL) with or without NLGM1 (1:10 ratio for LC:NLGM1 mass). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed for 18 to 20 hours to vehicle, LC with or without NLGM1, or NLGM1 and compared for oxidative and nitrative stress response and cellular viability. LC impaired arteriole dilator response to acetylcholine, which was restored by co-treatment with NLGM1. LC decreased endothelial cell nitric oxide production and cell viability while increasing superoxide and peroxynitrite; these adverse effects were reversed by NLGM1. NLGM1 increased endothelial cell protein expression of antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and increased nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf-2) protein. Nrf-2 gene knockdown reduced antioxidant stress response and reversed the protective effects of NLGM1. CONCLUSIONS NLGM1 protects against LC-induced human microvascular endothelial dysfunction through increased nitric oxide bioavailability and reduced oxidative and nitrative stress mediated by Nrf-2-dependent antioxidant stress response. These findings point to a potential novel therapeutic approach for light chain amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth Truran
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Camelia Burciu
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Q Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
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Truran S, Weissig V, Madine J, Davies HA, Guzman-Villanueva D, Franco DA, Karamanova N, Burciu C, Serrano G, Beach TG, Migrino RQ. Nanoliposomes protect against human arteriole endothelial dysfunction induced by β-amyloid peptide. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:405-12. [PMID: 26661197 PMCID: PMC4759678 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15610134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether nanoliposomes containing phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and phosphatidic acid (NLPA) prevent β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42) fibrillation and Aβ42-induced human arteriole endothelial dysfunction. NLPA abolished Aβ42 fibril formation (thioflavin-T fluorescence/electron microscopy). In ex-vivo human adipose and leptomeningeal arterioles, Aβ42 impaired dilator response to acetylcholine that was reversed by NLPA; this protection was abolished by L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester. Aβ42 reduced human umbilical vein endothelial cell NO production that was restored by NLPA. Nanoliposomes prevented Aβ42 amyloid formation, reversed Aβ42-induced human microvascular endothelial dysfunction and may be useful in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Truran
- Phoenix Veterans Affair Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel A Franco
- Phoenix Veterans Affair Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nina Karamanova
- Phoenix Veterans Affair Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Camelia Burciu
- Phoenix Veterans Affair Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | | | - Raymond Q Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affair Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Koska J, Sands M, Burciu C, D'Souza KM, Raravikar K, Liu J, Truran S, Franco DA, Schwartz EA, Schwenke DC, D'Alessio D, Migrino RQ, Reaven PD. Exenatide Protects Against Glucose- and Lipid-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Evidence for Direct Vasodilation Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Humans. Diabetes 2015; 64:2624-35. [PMID: 25720388 PMCID: PMC4477348 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists may improve endothelial function (EF) via metabolic improvement and direct vascular action. The current study determined the effect of GLP-1R agonist exenatide on postprandial EF in type 2 diabetes and the mechanisms underlying GLP-1R agonist-mediated vasodilation. Two crossover studies were conducted: 36 participants with type 2 diabetes received subcutaneous exenatide or placebo for 11 days and EF, and glucose and lipid responses to breakfast and lunch were determined; and 32 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diet-controlled type 2 diabetes had EF measured before and after intravenous exenatide, with or without the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-9. Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells. Subcutaneous exenatide increased postprandial EF independent of reductions in plasma glucose and triglycerides. Intravenous exenatide increased fasting EF, and exendin-9 abolished this effect. Exenatide elicited eNOS activation and NO production in endothelial cells, and induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation and reduced high-glucose or lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in arterioles ex vivo. These effects were reduced with AMPK inhibition. In conclusion, exenatide augmented postprandial EF in subjects with diabetes and prevented high-glucose and lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in human arterioles. These effects were largely direct, via GLP-1R and AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Koska
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michelle Sands
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Camelia Burciu
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Karen M D'Souza
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - James Liu
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Seth Truran
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Daniel A Franco
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Eric A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Dawn C Schwenke
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - David D'Alessio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Peter D Reaven
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
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Truran S, Weissig V, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Franco DA, Burciu C, Georges J, Murarka S, Okoth WA, Schwab S, Hari P, Migrino RQ. Nanoliposomes protect against AL amyloid light chain protein-induced endothelial injury. J Liposome Res 2013; 24:69-73. [PMID: 24236475 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.838258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A newly-recognized pathogenic mechanism underlying light chain amyloidosis (AL) involves endothelial dysfunction and cell injury caused by misfolded light chain proteins (LC). Nanoliposomes (NL) are artificial phospholipid vesicles that could attach to misfolded proteins and reduce tissue injury. OBJECTIVE To test whether co-treatment with NL reduces LC-induced endothelial dysfunction and cell death. METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous adipose arterioles from 14 non-AL subjects were cannulated; dilator response to acetylcholine and papaverine were measured at baseline and following 1-hour exposure to LC (20 µg/mL, 2 purified from AL subjects' urine, 1 from human recombinant LC [AL-09]) ± NL (phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/phosphatidic acid 70/25/5 molar ratio) or NL alone. Human aortic artery endothelial cells (HAEC) were exposed to Oregon Green-labeled LC ± NL for 24 hours and intracellular LC and apoptosis (Hoechst stain) were measured. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed on AL-09 LC ± NL to follow changes in secondary structure and protein thermal stability. RESULTS LC caused impaired dilation to acetylcholine that was restored by NL (control - 94.0 ± 1.8%, LC - 65.0 ± 7.1%, LC + NL - 95.3 ± 1.8%, p ≤ 0.001 LC versus control or LC + NL). NL protection was inhibited by L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester. NL increased the beta sheet structure of LC, reduced endothelial cell internalization of LC and protected against LC-induced endothelial cell death. CONCLUSIONS LC induced human adipose arteriole endothelial dysfunction and endothelial cell death, which were reversed by co-treatment with NL. This protection may partly be due to enhancing LC protein structure and reducing LC internalization. Nanoliposomes represent a promising new class of agents to ameliorate tissue injury from protein misfolding diseases such as AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Truran
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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Franco DA, Truran S, Burciu C, Gutterman DD, Maltagliati A, Weissig V, Hari P, Migrino RQ. Protective role of clusterin in preserving endothelial function in AL amyloidosis. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:220-3. [PMID: 22981431 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Misfolded immunoglobulin light chain proteins (LC) in light chain amyloidosis (AL) are toxic to vascular tissues. We tested the hypothesis that chaperone protein clusterin preserves endothelial function and cell survival during LC exposure. METHODS LC (20 μg/mL) were given to human aortic endothelial cells (EC) for 24-h and clusterin protein/gene expression and secretion were measured. DNA fragmentation was measured with/without recombinant clusterin (Clu, 300 ng/mL). Adipose arterioles (non-AL subjects) were tested for dilator responses to acetylcholine/papaverine at baseline and after 1-h of LC ± Clu. RESULTS LC reduced EC clusterin secretion, protein and gene expression while increasing DNA fragmentation. Clu attenuated LC-induced DNA fragmentation and restored dilator response to acetylcholine (logEC50: control -7.05 ± 0.2, LC + Clu -6.53 ± 0.4, LC -4.28 ± 0.7, p < 0.05 versus control, LC + Clu). CONCLUSIONS LC induced endothelial cell death and dysfunction while reducing clusterin protein/gene expression and secretion. Exogenous clusterin attenuated LC toxicity. This represents a new pathobiologic mechanism and therapeutic target for AL amyloidosis.
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Truran S, Weissig V, Franco DA, Maltagliati A, Burciu C, Liu J, Migrino RQ. Nanoliposomes restore endothelial function of human adipose arterioles exposed to AL amyloidosis light chain proteins. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Truran
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemPhoenixAZ
| | | | | | | | | | - James Liu
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemPhoenixAZ
| | - Raymond Q Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemPhoenixAZ
- University of Arizona (Phoenix)PhoenixAZ
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Franco DA, Truran S, Gutterman DD, Hari P, Migrino RQ. CLUSTERIN INHIBITION BY AL AMYLOIDOSIS LIGHT CHAIN PROTEINS AND HUMAN MICROVASCULAR PROTECTION BY CLUSTERIN/APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 COMPLEX. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(12)62057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Migrino RQ, Truran S, Gutterman DD, Franco DA, Bright M, Schlundt B, Timmons M, Motta A, Phillips SA, Hari P. Human microvascular dysfunction and apoptotic injury induced by AL amyloidosis light chain proteins. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H2305-12. [PMID: 21963839 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00503.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) involves overproduction of amyloidogenic light chain proteins (LC) leading to heart failure, yet the mechanisms underlying tissue toxicity remain unknown. We hypothesized that LC induces endothelial dysfunction in non-AL human microvasculature and apoptotic injury in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Adipose arterioles (n = 34, 50 ± 3 yr) and atrial coronary arterioles (n = 19, 68 ± 2 yr) from non-AL subjects were cannulated. Adipose arteriole dilator responses to acetylcholine/papaverine were measured at baseline and 1 h exposure to LC (20 μg/ml) from biopsy-proven AL subjects (57 ± 11 yr) without and with antioxidant cotreatment. Coronary arteriole dilation to bradykinin/papaverine was measured post-LC exposure. HCAECs were exposed to 1 or 24 h of LC. LC reduced dilation to acetylcholine (10(-4) M: 41.6 ± 7 vs. 85.8 ± 2.2% control, P < 0.001) and papaverine (81.4 ± 4.6 vs. 94.8 ± 1.3% control, P < 0.01) in adipose arterioles and to bradykinin (10(-6) M: 68.6 ± 6.2 vs. 90.9 ± 1.6% control, P < 0.001) but not papaverine in coronary arterioles. There was an increase in superoxide and peroxynitrite in arterioles treated with LC. Adipose arteriole dilation was restored by cotreatment with polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase and tetrahydrobiopterin but only partially restored by mitoquinone (mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) and gp91ds-tat (NADPH oxidase inhibitor). HCAECs exposed to LC showed reduced NO and increased superoxide, peroxynitrite, annexin-V, and propidium iodide compared with control. Brief exposure to physiological amounts of LC induced endothelial dysfunction in human adipose and coronary arterioles and increased apoptotic injury in coronary artery endothelial cells likely as a result of oxidative stress, reduced NO bioavailability, and peroxynitrite production. Microvascular dysfunction and injury is a novel mechanism underlying AL pathobiology and is a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Q Migrino
- Department of Cardiology and Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, AZ 85022, USA.
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Franco DA, Reardon CL. Vasorin Expression During Mouse B cell Development (138.31). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.138.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The stages of B cell development are delineated by stage-specific timing of gene and cell surface marker expression coinciding with exposure to cytokines and growth factors. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has been previously shown to affect lymphopoesis, as well as more mature processes, such as B-cell isotype switching. Receptors for TGF-β are diverse and widely distributed but display some tissue specificity. Here we describe expression of a Type-I TGF-β membrane receptor, vasorin, previously reported to be almost exclusively expressed by vascular tissue. Using RT-PCR analysis, the message for vasorin was identified in mouse pre-B cell lines prior to BCR gene rearrangement. Thus, vasorin expression may be closely linked to early lymphocyte development at the pro and pre-B stages. To verify that this finding was not an artifact of the cell lines, we looked for vasorin message in primary cell suspensions of spleen, thymus and liver from neonatal mice. Vasorin gene expression is readily detected in the primary repositories of B cell development, the spleen and liver, but not in primary thymocytes. These data suggest that receptor binding of TGF-β may be more vital to B-cell than to T-cell development. Vasorin expression by progenitor B cells may ensure measured proliferation via TGF-β receptor signaling.
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Abstract
Multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy (MIL) is a cerebral demyelinating syndrome that develops after chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and levamisole. The authors report a patient who developed MIL after 5-FU administration not in association with levamisole. She was subsequently diagnosed with partial deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme necessary for 5-FU catabolism. The authors suggest that MIL is a direct result of 5-FU chemotherapy and that patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency are at increased risk for this and other toxic effects of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Franco
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, USA
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Chiale PA, Franco DA, Selva HO, Militello CA, Elizari MV. Lidocaine-sensitive atrial tachycardia: lidocaine-sensitive, rate-related, repetitive atrial tachycardia: a new arrhythmogenic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:1637-45. [PMID: 11079670 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to report a variety of atrial tachycardia that might be caused by an unusual electrophysiologic substrate. BACKGROUND The mechanism of atrial tachycardias is attributed to re-entry, abnormal automaticity or triggered activity, based on their electropharmacological responses. A rate-related and lidocaine-sensitive atrial tachycardia has not been reported. METHODS Eight patients (3 women and 5 men, aged 14 to 60 years) with repetitive, uniform atrial tachycardias were studied. In six patients the arrhythmia had been refractory to at least three antiarrhythmic agents (class 1A and C sodium channel blockers, amiodarone, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, verapamil, digoxin). Conventional electrocardiograms, Holter recordings and B mode echocardiograms were performed in each patient. Intravenous lidocaine and verapamil were tested in the eight patients. Six patients underwent an electrophysiologic study. RESULTS The baseline electrocardiogram showed nearly incessant runs of atrial tachycardia in all patients. The mean atrial ectopic cycle length ranged from 376 to 502 ms. In seven patients a progressive prolongation of the cycle length from the beginning to the end of the salvos was documented. The arrhythmia was suppressed by increments of sinus node rate and by atrial pacing at cycle lengths longer than that of the atrial tachycardia. In all patients the arrhythmia was abolished by intravenous lidocaine, whereas intravenous verapamil was ineffective. Four symptomatic patients were successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation of the ectopic focus, and two patients were treated with oral mexiletine. CONCLUSIONS The peculiar electropharmacological responses of this arrhythmia suggest an uncommon underlying mechanism that remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Chiale
- Division of Cardiology, Ramos Mejía Hospital and Instituto Sacre Coeur, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Franco DA, Bashir RM. Current concepts in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nebr Med J 1996; 81:406-11. [PMID: 9046790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Franco
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68124, USA
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16
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Chiale PA, Sanchez RA, Franco DA, Elizari MV, Rosenbaum MB. Overdrive prolongation of refractoriness and fatigue in the early stages of human bundle branch disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:724-32. [PMID: 8113558 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the response of refractoriness in normal and diseased human bundle branches to changes in cycle length, as well as during a long period of continuous overdrive pacing. BACKGROUND The anterograde refractory period of the bundle branches in patients with functional bundle branch block shortens as the rate is increased. The rate-dependent response of refractoriness in diseased bundle branches is quite different. However, this difference has not been precisely delineated, and its physiologic meaning is uncertain. METHODS Refractoriness of the bundle branches was measured by the extrastimulus technique in 16 patients with tachycardia-dependent bundle branch block and 10 patients with functional bundle branch block, both after basic trains of 8 atrial-paced impulses at different cycle lengths and during a 10-min period of continuous overdrive pacing. RESULTS The baseline refractory period in the bundle branches of patients with functional bundle branch block measured 430 +/- 32 ms (mean +/- SD) and shortened to 368 +/- 30 ms at the shortest cycle length. The maximal effect was reached within the 1st min of overdrive pacing. The baseline refractory period of the bundle branches was significantly longer in patients with tachycardia-dependent bundle branch block (611 +/- 184 ms) and demonstrated a cumulative overdrive prolongation in 15 (83%) of 18 studies with typical manifestations of fatigue. In two other studies, this occurred only after ajmaline administration. CONCLUSIONS A rate- and time-dependent prolongation of refractoriness frequently occurs in diseased human bundle branches. When absent, this response may be induced under the effects of sodium channel blockers. This would suggest that an abnormality in the recovery from inactivation of the sodium channel might underlie the early stages of bundle branch disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Chiale
- Division of Cardiology, Ramos Mejia Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Leder
- Bryan Foods, Inc., West Point, Mississippi 39773
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18
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Franco DA. Causes of USDA condemnations of swine. Mod Vet Pract 1972; 53:39-40. [PMID: 5072969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Franco DA. A comparative study of major causes of USDA condemnations of cattle (1965-1970). Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1971; 66:818-9. [PMID: 5209070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Franco DA. Generalized actinobacillosis in a Holstein cow (postmortem lesions). Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1970; 65:562. [PMID: 5201330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Franco DA. Uremia due to suppurative tubular and interstitial nephritis of hematogenous origin in a Guernsey cow. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1970; 65:62. [PMID: 5198016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Franco DA. Thrombocytopenia and its relationship to sporadic idiopathic epistaxis in thoroughbreds. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1969; 64:1071-2. [PMID: 5196066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Bennett SP, Franco DA. Equine protozoan diarrhea (equine intestinal trichomoniasis) at Trinidad racetracks. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1969; 154:58-60. [PMID: 5812452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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