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Mistry SK, Akter F, Hossain MB, Huda MN, Irfan NM, Yadav UN, Storisteanu DML, Arora A. Exploring Factors Associated with Women's Willingness to Provide Digital Fingerprints in Accessing Healthcare Services: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Slums of Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:40. [PMID: 35010299 PMCID: PMC8751190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Digital fingerprints are increasingly used for patient care and treatment delivery, health system monitoring and evaluation, and maintaining data integrity during health research. Yet, no evidence exists about the use of fingerprinting technologies in maternal healthcare services in urban slum contexts, globally. The present study aimed to explore the recently delivered women's willingness to give digital fingerprints to community health workers to access healthcare services in the urban slums of Bangladesh and identify the associated factors. Employing a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure, we chose 458 recently delivered women from eight randomly selected urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Chi-square tests were performed for descriptive analyses, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with willingness to provide fingerprints. Overall, 78% of the participants reported that they were willing to provide digital fingerprints if that eased access to healthcare services. After adjusting for potential confounders, the sex of the household head, family type, and household wealth status were significantly associated with the willingness to provide fingerprints to access healthcare services. The study highlighted the potentials of using fingerprints for making healthcare services accessible. Focus is needed for female-headed households, women from poor families, and engaging husbands and in-laws in mobile health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.K.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.H.)
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Health Research, ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Akter
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.K.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Md. Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.K.M.); (F.A.); (M.B.H.)
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nafis Md. Irfan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | | | - Amit Arora
- Translational Health Research Institute, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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Mistry SK, Akter F, Yadav UN, Hossain MB, Sichel A, Labrique AB, Storisteanu DML. Factors associated with mobile phone usage to access maternal and child healthcare among women of urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043933. [PMID: 33837099 PMCID: PMC8043001 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the acute shortage of human resources and infrastructure, mobile phones can be a critical tool for accessing health services and strengthening health systems in Bangladesh. Yet, there is a scarcity of evidence on the use of mobile phones in this context for accessing health services. In this study, we sought to explore the current use of mobile phones for accessing maternal and child healthcare and its determinants among recently delivered women in urban slums of Bangladesh. METHODS The data were collected through interviewing 800 recently delivered women from eight slums of Dhaka city of Bangladesh during May and June 2018. The study followed a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure was followed. A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to collect information. Chi square tests were performed for descriptive analyses and a multilevel binary logistic regression model was executed to explore the determinants of mobile phone usage for accessing maternal and childcare among the participants. RESULTS Overall, 73.8% of study participants used mobile phones for accessing maternal and child healthcare. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants' age, husband's occupation, sex of household head, women's ownership of mobile phones and household wealth status were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of using mobile phones to access maternal and child healthcare. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the possibility of implementing large-scale mobile health (mHealth) interventions in slum settlements for accessing maternal and child healthcare and is a sustainable mitigation strategy for the acute health worker crisis in Bangladesh. The findings of this study are particularly crucial for policymakers and practitioners while they revise the health policy to incorporate mHealth interventions as highlighted in the recently initiated Digital Health Strategy of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fahmida Akter
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Md Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Alain B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pocock JM, Storisteanu DML, Reeves MB, Juss JK, Wills MR, Cowburn AS, Chilvers ER. Human Cytomegalovirus Delays Neutrophil Apoptosis and Stimulates the Release of a Prosurvival Secretome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1185. [PMID: 28993776 PMCID: PMC5622148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of viral disease in the young and the immune-suppressed. At sites of infection, HCMV recruits the neutrophil, a cell with a key role in orchestrating the initial immune response. Herein, we report a profound survival response in human neutrophils exposed to the clinical HCMV isolate Merlin, but not evident with the attenuated strain AD169, through suppression of apoptosis. The initial survival event, which is independent of viral gene expression and involves activation of the ERK/MAPK and NF-κB pathways, is augmented by HCMV-stimulated release of a secretory cytokine profile that further prolongs neutrophil lifespan. As aberrant neutrophil survival contributes to tissue damage, we predict that this may be relevant to the immune pathology of HCMV, and the presence of this effect in clinical HCMV strains and its absence in attenuated strains implies a beneficial effect to the virus in pathogenesis and/or dissemination. In addition, we show that HCMV-exposed neutrophils release factors that enhance monocyte recruitment and drive monocyte differentiation to a HCMV-permissive phenotype in an IL-6-dependent manner, thus providing an ideal vehicle for viral dissemination. This study increases understanding of HCMV-neutrophil interactions, highlighting the potential role of neutrophil recruitment as a virulence mechanism to promote HCMV pathology in the host and influence the dissemination of HCMV infection. Targeting these mechanisms may lead to new antiviral strategies aimed at limiting host damage and inhibiting viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Pocock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. L. Storisteanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B. Reeves
- Department of Virology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinder K. Juss
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Cowburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin R. Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Juss JK, House D, Amour A, Begg M, Herre J, Storisteanu DML, Hoenderdos K, Bradley G, Lennon M, Summers C, Hessel EM, Condliffe A, Chilvers ER. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Neutrophils Have a Distinct Phenotype and Are Resistant to Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibition. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:961-973. [PMID: 27064380 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201509-1818oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute respiratory distress syndrome is refractory to pharmacological intervention. Inappropriate activation of alveolar neutrophils is believed to underpin this disease's complex pathophysiology, yet these cells have been little studied. OBJECTIVES To examine the functional and transcriptional profiles of patient blood and alveolar neutrophils compared with healthy volunteer cells, and to define their sensitivity to phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition. METHODS Twenty-three ventilated patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage. Alveolar and blood neutrophil apoptosis, phagocytosis, and adhesion molecules were quantified by flow cytometry, and oxidase responses were quantified by chemiluminescence. Cytokine and transcriptional profiling were used in multiplex and GeneChip arrays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patient blood and alveolar neutrophils were distinct from healthy circulating cells, with increased CD11b and reduced CD62L expression, delayed constitutive apoptosis, and primed oxidase responses. Incubating control cells with disease bronchoalveolar lavage recapitulated the aberrant functional phenotype, and this could be reversed by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors. In contrast, the prosurvival phenotype of patient cells was resistant to phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition. RNA transcriptomic analysis revealed modified immune, cytoskeletal, and cell death pathways in patient cells, aligning closely to sepsis and burns datasets but not to phosphoinositide 3-kinase signatures. CONCLUSIONS Acute respiratory distress syndrome blood and alveolar neutrophils display a distinct primed prosurvival profile and transcriptional signature. The enhanced respiratory burst was phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent but delayed apoptosis and the altered transcriptional profile were not. These unexpected findings cast doubt over the utility of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome and highlight the importance of evaluating novel therapeutic strategies in patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder K Juss
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David House
- 2 Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit and
| | - Augustin Amour
- 2 Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit and
| | - Malcolm Begg
- 2 Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit and
| | - Jurgen Herre
- 3 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim Hoenderdos
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Bradley
- 4 Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mark Lennon
- 4 Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom; and
| | - Charlotte Summers
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edith M Hessel
- 2 Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit and
| | - Alison Condliffe
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Storisteanu DML, Pocock JM, Cowburn AS, Juss JK, Nadesalingam A, Nizet V, Chilvers ER. Evasion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps by Respiratory Pathogens. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:423-431. [PMID: 27854516 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0193ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a major immune mechanism intended to capture pathogens. These histone- and protease-coated DNA structures are released by neutrophils in response to a variety of stimuli, including respiratory pathogens, and have been identified in the airways of patients with respiratory infection, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, primary graft dysfunction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NET production has been demonstrated in the lungs of mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Since the discovery of NETs over a decade ago, evidence that "NET evasion" might act as an immune protection strategy among respiratory pathogens, including group A Streptococcus, Bordetella pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae, has been growing, with the majority of these studies being published in the past 2 years. Evasion strategies fall into three main categories: inhibition of NET release by down-regulating host inflammatory responses; degradation of NETs using pathogen-derived DNases; and resistance to the microbicidal components of NETs, which involves a variety of mechanisms, including encapsulation. Hence, the evasion of NETs appears to be a widespread strategy to allow pathogen proliferation and dissemination, and is currently a topic of intense research interest. This article outlines the evidence supporting the three main strategies of NET evasion-inhibition, degradation, and resistance-with particular reference to common respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew S Cowburn
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinder K Juss
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,3 Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | | | - Victor Nizet
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of California-La Jolla, San Diego, California
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Koop G, Vrieling M, Storisteanu DML, Lok LSC, Monie T, van Wigcheren G, Raisen C, Ba X, Gleadall N, Hadjirin N, Timmerman AJ, Wagenaar JA, Klunder HM, Fitzgerald JR, Zadoks R, Paterson GK, Torres C, Waller AS, Loeffler A, Loncaric I, Hoet AE, Bergström K, De Martino L, Pomba C, de Lencastre H, Ben Slama K, Gharsa H, Richardson EJ, Chilvers ER, de Haas C, van Kessel K, van Strijp JAG, Harrison EM, Holmes MA. Identification of LukPQ, a novel, equid-adapted leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40660. [PMID: 28106142 PMCID: PMC5247767 DOI: 10.1038/srep40660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicomponent pore-forming leukocidins are a family of potent toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, which target white blood cells preferentially and consist of an S- and an F-component. The S-component recognizes a receptor on the host cell, enabling high-affinity binding to the cell surface, after which the toxins form a pore that penetrates the cell lipid bilayer. Until now, six different leukocidins have been described, some of which are host and cell specific. Here, we identify and characterise a novel S. aureus leukocidin; LukPQ. LukPQ is encoded on a 45 kb prophage (ΦSaeq1) found in six different clonal lineages, almost exclusively in strains cultured from equids. We show that LukPQ is a potent and specific killer of equine neutrophils and identify equine-CXCRA and CXCR2 as its target receptors. Although the S-component (LukP) is highly similar to the S-component of LukED, the species specificity of LukPQ and LukED differs. By forming non-canonical toxin pairs, we identify that the F-component contributes to the observed host tropism of LukPQ, thereby challenging the current paradigm that leukocidin specificity is driven solely by the S-component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Koop
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. L. Storisteanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence S. C. Lok
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Monie
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn van Wigcheren
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Raisen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoliang Ba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Gleadall
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Nazreen Hadjirin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen J. Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen M. Klunder
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin K. Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Andrew S. Waller
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armando E. Hoet
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Veterinary Public Health Program, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karin Bergström
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, SVA, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Infectious Diseases Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Constança Pomba
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 LISBOA, Portugal
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB/UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emily J. Richardson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Edwin R. Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Carla de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewan M. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mark A. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
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Davy CM, Conflitti IM, Storisteanu DML, Murphy RW. Isolation and characterization of eleven novel polymorphic microsatellite loci in the spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-012-9638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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