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McAree D, Hauck A, Arzu J, Carr M, Acevedo J, Patel AB, Husain N. Clinical Predictors of Subacute Myocardial Dysfunction in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:876-887. [PMID: 36260103 PMCID: PMC9580417 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) often involves a post-viral myocarditis and associated left ventricular dysfunction. We aimed to assess myocardial function by strain echocardiography after hospital discharge and to identify risk factors for subacute myocardial dysfunction. We conducted a retrospective single-center study of MIS-C patients admitted between 03/2020 and 03/2021. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), 4-chamber longitudinal strain (4C-LS), mid-ventricular circumferential strain (CS), and left atrial strain (LAS) were measured on echocardiograms performed 3-10 weeks after discharge and compared with controls. Among 60 MIS-C patients, hypotension (65%), ICU admission (57%), and vasopressor support (45%) were common, with no mortality. LVEF was abnormal (< 55%) in 29% during hospitalization but only 4% at follow-up. Follow-up strain abnormalities were prevalent (GLS abnormal in 13%, 4C-LS in 18%, CS in 16%, LAS in 5%). Hypotension, ICU admission, ICU and hospital length of stay, and any LVEF < 55% during hospitalization were factors associated with lower strain at follow-up. Higher peak C-reactive protein (CRP) was associated with hypotension, ICU admission, total ICU days, and with lower follow-up GLS (r = - 0.55; p = 0.01) and CS (r = 0.41; p = 0.02). Peak CRP < 18 mg/dL had negative predictive values of 100% and 88% for normal follow-up GLS and CS, respectively. A subset of MIS-C patients demonstrate subclinical systolic and diastolic function abnormalities at subacute follow-up. Peak CRP during hospitalization may be a useful marker for outpatient cardiac risk stratification. MIS-C patients with hypotension, ICU admission, any LVEF < 55% during hospitalization, or a peak CRP > 18 mg/dL may warrant closer monitoring than those without these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McAree
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Amanda Hauck
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jennifer Arzu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Michael Carr
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jennifer Acevedo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Ami B. Patel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nazia Husain
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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McAree D, Griffith GJ, Husain N, Koenig P, Carr M, Ward K. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): Reduced Exercise Duration and Capacity at Six Month Follow-Up. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:1605-1612. [PMID: 37344558 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis is common in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and the mechanism may differ from idiopathic/viral myocarditis as MIS-C involves a hyper-inflammatory state weeks after COVID-19. We sought to evaluate exercise stress testing (EST) in these patients as EST may help guide return-to-play recommendations. Retrospective cohort study evaluating ESTs (standard Bruce treadmill protocol) from MIS-C patients from 2020 to 2022, compared to myocarditis patients and age, sex, and weight matched controls from 2005 to 2019. ESTs included 22 MIS-C patients (mean age 11.9 years) with 14 cardiopulmonary and 8 cardiovascular tests, 33 myocarditis (15.5 years), and 44 controls (12.0 years). Percent-predicted peak VO2 was abnormal (< 80% predicted) in 11/14 (79%) MIS-C patients, 13/33 (39%) myocarditis, and 17/44 (39%) controls (p = 0.04). Exercise duration was shorter in MIS-C than myocarditis or control cohorts (p = 0.01). Isolated atrial or ventricular ectopy was seen in 8/22 (36%) MIS-C, 9/33 (27%) myocarditis, and 5/44 (11%) controls (p = 0.049). No arrhythmias/complex ectopy or evidence of ischemia were noted, though non-specific ST/T wave abnormalities occurred in 4/22 (18%) MIS-C, 5/33 (15%) myocarditis, and 3/44 (7%) controls. Exercise duration and percent-predicted peak VO2 were significantly reduced in MIS-C at mean 6-month follow-up compared to pre-COVID era idiopathic/viral myocarditis and control cohorts. This may be secondary to deconditioning during the pandemic and/or chronic cardiopulmonary or autonomic effects of COVID/MIS-C. Although there were no exercise-induced arrhythmias in our MIS-C patients, larger cohort studies are warranted. EST in MIS-C follow-up may help evaluate safety and timing of return to play and potentially mitigate further deconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McAree
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Garett J Griffith
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nazia Husain
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Peter Koenig
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael Carr
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kendra Ward
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Northwestern University, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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McAree D, Yu S, Schumacher KR, Lowery R, McCormick AD, Thorsson T, Peng DM. Predictors and clinical significance of pericardial effusions after pediatric heart transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14153. [PMID: 34585497 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of pericardial effusions within 6 months after pediatric heart transplantation (HT). METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed on all pediatric HT recipients from 2004 to 2018. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with pericardial effusions post-HT, and survival was compared using log-rank test. RESULTS During the study period, 97 HTs were performed in 93 patients. Fifty patients (52%) had a ≥small pericardial effusion within 6 months, 16 of which were, or became, ≥moderate in size. Pericardial drain was placed in 8 patients. In univariate analysis, larger recipient body surface area (p = .01) and non-congenital heart disease (p = .002) were associated with pericardial effusion development. Donor/recipient size ratios, post-HT hemodynamics, and rejection did not correlate with pericardial effusion development. In multivariable analysis, non-congenital heart disease (adjusted odds ratio 3.3, p = .01) remained independently associated with development of pericardial effusion. There were no significant differences in post-HT survival between patients with and without ≥small (p = .68) or ≥moderate pericardial effusions (p = .40). CONCLUSIONS Pericardial effusions are common after pediatric HT. Patients with cardiomyopathy, or non-congenital heart disease, were at higher risk for post-HT pericardial effusions. Pericardial effusions increased morbidity but had no effect on mortality in our cohort. The risk factors identified may be used for anticipatory guidance in pediatric HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McAree
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sunkyung Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kurt R Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ray Lowery
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda D McCormick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thor Thorsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Cheng GS, Selwa KE, Hatt C, Ram S, Fortuna AB, Guerriero M, Himelhoch B, McAree D, Hoffman TC, Brisson J, Nazareno R, Bloye K, Johnson TD, Remberger M, Mattsson J, Vummidi D, Kazerooni EE, Lama VN, Galban S, Boeckh M, Yanik GA, Galban CJ. Multicenter evaluation of parametric response mapping as an indicator of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2198-2205. [PMID: 32034974 PMCID: PMC7395854 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parametric response mapping (PRM) is a novel computed tomography (CT) technology that has shown potential for assessment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether variations in image acquisition under real-world conditions affect the PRM measurements of clinically diagnosed BOS. CT scans were obtained retrospectively from 72 HCT recipients with BOS and graft-versus-host disease from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Karolinska Institute, and the University of Michigan. Whole lung volumetric scans were performed at inspiration and expiration using site-specific acquisition and reconstruction protocols. PRM and pulmonary function measurements were assessed. Patients with moderately severe BOS at diagnosis (median forced expiratory volume at 1 second [FEV1] 53.5% predicted) had similar characteristics between sites. Variations in site-specific CT acquisition protocols had a negligible effect on the PRM-derived small airways disease (SAD), that is, BOS measurements. PRM-derived SAD was found to correlate with FEV1% predicted and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (R = -0.236, P = .046; and R = -0.689, P < .0001, respectively), which suggests that elevated levels in the PRM measurements are primarily affected by BOS airflow obstruction and not CT scan acquisition parameters. Based on these results, PRM may be applied broadly for post-HCT diagnosis and monitoring of BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Shing Cheng
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Sundaresh Ram
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
| | | | | | - Ben Himelhoch
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine,
Lansing, Michigan
| | - Daniel McAree
- Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
| | | | - Joseph Brisson
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Michigan Medicine, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ryan Nazareno
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Michigan Medicine, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kiernan Bloye
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Michigan Medicine, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Timothy D. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School
of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mats Remberger
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University
Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University
Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stefanie Galban
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gregory A. Yanik
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Michigan Medicine, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Craig J. Galban
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
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McAree D, Whiteside W, West C, Romano JC, Bates KE. Isolated right pulmonary artery discontinuity: An uncommon presentation and reperfusion complications. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2019.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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