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Ciurescu G, Vasilachi A, Grigore D, Grosu H. Growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of broiler chicks fed with low-fibre sunflower meal and phytase. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v49i4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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George A, Habeanu M, Lefter N, Dumitru M, Grigore D. Aspects of plasma biochemistry and intestinal health of weaned piglets fed dietary extruded linseed and walnut meal mixture. Food & Feed Res 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr1901147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that size at birth contributes to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in later life. Findings from experimental studies are providing insight into the mechanisms linking impaired fetal growth and the increased risk of CVD and hypertension in adulthood. This article summarizes potential mechanisms involved in the fetal programming of hypertension and CVD, including alterations in the organs and regulatory systems critical to long-term control of sodium and volume homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Ojeda
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, The Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous clinical and experimental studies support the hypothesis that the intrauterine environment is an important determinant of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. OBJECTIVE This review examined the mechanisms linking an adverse fetal environment and increased risk for chronic disease in adulthood with an emphasis on gender differences and the role of sex hormones in mediating sexual dimorphism in response to a suboptimal fetal environment. METHODS This review focuses on current findings from the PubMed database regarding animal models of fetal programming of hypertension, sex differences in phenotypic outcomes, and potential mechanisms in offspring of mothers exposed to an adverse insult during gestation. For the years 1988 to 2007, the database was searched using the following terms: fetal programming, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, sex differences, estradiol, testosterone, high blood pressure, and hypertension. RESULTS The mechanisms involved in the fetal programming of adult disease are multifactorial and include alterations in the regulatory systems affecting the long-tterm control of arterial pressure. Sex differences have been observed in animal models of fetal programming, and recent studies suggest that sex hormones may modulate activity of regulatory systems, leading to a lower incidence of hypertension and vascular dysfunction in females compared with males. CONCLUSIONS Animal models of fetal programming provide critical support for the inverse relationship between birth weight and blood pressure. Experimental models demonstrate that sex differences are observed in the pathophysiologic response to an adverse fetal environment. A role for sex hormone involvement is strongly suggested,with modulation of the renin-angiotensin system as a possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grigore
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Ojeda NB, Grigore D, Alexander BT. Intrauterine growth restriction: fetal programming of hypertension and kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2008; 15:101-6. [PMID: 18334233 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of hypertension historically includes 2 components: genetics and lifestyle. However, recent epidemiologic studies report an inverse relationship between birth weight and hypertension suggesting that a suboptimal fetal environment may also contribute to increased disease in later life. Experimental studies support this observation and indicate that cardiovascular/kidney disease originates in response to fetal adaptations to adverse conditions during prenatal life.
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Grigore D, Ojeda NB, Alexander BT. Estrogen is nephroprotective in the rat remnant kidney in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.941.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grigore
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Norma B. Ojeda
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Barbara T. Alexander
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
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Grigore D, Ojeda NB, LaMarca BB, Alexander BT. Inflammatory cytokines are elevated in intrauterine growth restricted offspring in response to placental insufficiency. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.923.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grigore
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Norma B. Ojeda
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Babbette B. LaMarca
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Barbara T. Alexander
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
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Abstract
Placental insufficiency in the rat results in intrauterine growth restriction and development of hypertension in prepubertal male and female growth-restricted offspring. However, after puberty, only male growth-restricted offspring remain hypertensive, whereas female growth-restricted offspring stabilize their blood pressure to levels comparable to adult female controls. Because female rats reach their maximum levels of estrogen at puberty, we hypothesize that estrogen may be a factor involved in the stabilization of blood pressure in adult female growth-restricted offspring. At 10 weeks of age, female control and growth-restricted offspring underwent ovariectomy or sham surgery and insertion of a telemetry probe. Mean arterial pressure was similar at 16 weeks of age between control (123+/-4 mm Hg) and growth-restricted offspring (122+/-2 mm Hg); however, ovariectomy led to a significant increase in blood pressure in growth-restricted offspring (140+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.05 versus intact counterpart) with no significant effect in controls (124+/-1 mm Hg). Estrogen replacement by subcutaneous minipellet initiated at 14 weeks of age in a subset of ovariectomized control and growth-restricted offspring reversed the effect of ovariectomy on blood pressure in growth-restricted offspring at 16 weeks of age (111+/-3 mm Hg; P<0.05 versus ovariectomized counterpart); renin angiotensin system blockade also abolished ovariectomy-induced hypertension in female growth-restricted offspring (106+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.05 versus ovariectomized counterpart). Therefore, sex differences are observed in this model of fetal programmed hypertension, and results from this study suggest that estrogen contributes to normalization of blood pressure in adult female growth-restricted offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Grigore D, Ojeda NB, Robertson EB, Dawson AS, Huffman CA, Bourassa EA, Speth RC, Brosnihan KB, Alexander BT. Placental insufficiency results in temporal alterations in the renin angiotensin system in male hypertensive growth restricted offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R804-11. [PMID: 17537837 PMCID: PMC2841000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00725.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reduced uterine perfusion initiated in late gestation in the rat results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and development of hypertension by 4 wk of age. We hypothesize that the renin angiotensin system (RAS), a regulatory system important in the long-term control of blood pressure, may be programmed by placental insufficiency and may contribute to the etiology of IUGR hypertension. We previously reported that RAS blockade abolished hypertension in adult IUGR offspring; however, the mechanisms responsible for the early phase of hypertension are unresolved. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine RAS involvement in early programmed hypertension and to determine whether temporal changes in RAS expression are observed in IUGR offspring. Renal renin and angiotensinogen mRNA expression were significantly decreased at birth (80 and 60%, respectively); plasma and renal RAS did not differ in conjunction with hypertension (mean increase of 14 mmHg) in young IUGR offspring; however, hypertension (mean increase of 22 mmHg) in adult IUGR offspring was associated with marked increases in renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity (122%) and renal renin and angiotensinogen mRNA (7-fold and 7.4-fold, respectively), but no change in renal ANG II or angiotensin type 1 receptor. ACE inhibition (enalapril, 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1), administered from 2 to 4 wk of age) abolished hypertension in IUGR at 4 wk of age (decrease of 15 mmHg, respectively) with no significant depressor effect in control offspring. Therefore, temporal alterations in renal RAS are observed in IUGR offspring and may play a key role in the etiology of IUGR hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grigore
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA
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Grigore D, Ojeda N, Robertson EB, Alexander BT. Renal production of endothelin is enhanced in a model of fetal programmed hypertension. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb127-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ojeda NB, Grigore D, Robertson EB, Alexander BT. Tempol abolishes hypertension induced by ovariectomy in a model of programmed hypertension. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a1417-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Ojeda
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Daniela Grigore
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Elliott B Robertson
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
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Ojeda NB, Grigore D, Robertson EB, Alexander BT. Estradiol has protective effects on female growth restricted offspring in a model of programmed hypertension. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a1417-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Ojeda
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Daniela Grigore
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Elliott B Robertson
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 N State StJacksonMS39216‐4505
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Ojeda NB, Grigore D, Yanes LL, Iliescu R, Robertson EB, Zhang H, Alexander BT. Testosterone contributes to marked elevations in mean arterial pressure in adult male intrauterine growth restricted offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R758-63. [PMID: 16917022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00311.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory uses a model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by placental insufficiency in the rat to examine the developmental origins of adult disease. In this model only male IUGR offspring remain hypertensive in adulthood, revealing sex-specific differences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether testosterone with participation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to hypertension in adult male IUGR offspring. At 16 wk of age a significant increase in testosterone (346 +/- 34 vs. 189 +/- 12 ng/dl, P < 0.05) was associated with a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured by telemetry in IUGR offspring (147 +/- 1 vs. 125 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.05, IUGR vs. control, respectively). Gonadectomy (CTX) at 10 wk of age significantly reduced MAP by 16 wk of age in IUGR offspring (124 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05 vs. intact IUGR) but had no effect in control (125 +/- 2 mmHg). A significant decrease in MAP in intact IUGR (111 +/- 3 mmHg, P < 0.05 vs. untreated intact IUGR) and castrated IUGR (110 +/- 4 mmHg, P < 0.05 vs. untreated CTX IUGR) after treatment with enalapril for 2 wk suggests a role for RAS involvement. However, the decrease in blood pressure in response to enalapril was greater in intact IUGR (Delta36 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.05) compared with CTX IUGR (Delta15 +/- 2 mmHg), indicating an enhanced response to RAS blockade in the presence of testosterone. Thus these results suggest that testosterone plays a role in modulating hypertension in adult male IUGR offspring with participation of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Abstract
The opportunistic fungus Pneumocystis is the etiologic agent of an interstitial plasma cell pneumonia that primarily afflicts immunocompromised individuals. Like other fungi Pneumocystis maintains a H(+) plasma membrane gradient to drive nutrient uptake and regulates intracellular pH by ATP-dependent proton efflux. Previously, we identified a Pneumocystis gene, PCA1, whose predicted protein product was homologous to fungal proton pumps. In this study, we show by functional complementation in a Saccharomyces strain whose endogenous PMA1 proton pump activity is repressed that the Pneumocystis PCA1 encodes a H(+)-ATPase. The properties of PCA1 characterized in this system closely resemble those of yeast PMA1. Yeast expressing PCA1 grow at low pH and are able to acidify the external media. Maximal enzyme activity (V(max)) and efficiency of substrate utilization (K(m)) in plasma membranes were nearly identical for PCA1 and PMA1. PCA1 contains an inhibitory COOH-terminal domain; removal of the final 40 amino acids significantly increased V(max) and growth at pH 6.5. PCA1 activity was inhibited by proton pump inhibitors omeprazole and lansoprazole, but was unaffected by H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor SCH28080. Thus, H(+) homeostasis in Pneumocystis is likely regulated as in other fungi. This work also establishes a system for screening PCA1 inhibitors to identify new anti-Pneumocystis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grigore
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216-4505, USA
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Grigore D, Meade JC. A COOH-terminal domain regulates the activity of Leishmania proton pumps LDH1A and LDH1B. Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:381-93. [PMID: 16442543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani requires actively transporting proton efflux pumps to survive the acidic environment of macrophage phagolysosomal vacuoles and to maintain an electrogenic H(+) gradient for nutrient uptake. The L. donovani genome contains a differentially expressed pair of genes, LDH1A and LDH1B, with homology to yeast H(+)-ATPases that are 98% identical in sequence with amino acid differences concentrated at the COOH-terminus (15 of last 37 differ), a region implicated in regulation of yeast and plant proton pumps. Functional complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in endogenous H(+)-ATPase activity, support of yeast growth at low pH, and ability to acidify media demonstrate that LDH1A and LDH1B encode proton pumps. LDH1A and LDH1B encode a COOH-terminal autoinhibitory domain as COOH-truncated peptides support increased rates of growth in yeast, enhanced media acidification, increased enzyme activity (V(max)) and decreased K(m). This regulatory domain mediates differing function properties; LDH1A, but not LDH1B, supports yeast growth at pH 3 and LDH1A shows a greater ability to acidify media. Deletion of the last eight amino acids from LDH1B permits growth at pH 3 and increases media acidification, swapping of the COOH-tails between LDH1A and LDH1B results in LDH1A (with LDH1B tail) unable to support yeast growth at pH 3 and LDH1B (with LDH1A tail) now able to support growth at pH 3. Replacement of the COOH-terminal eight amino acids of LDH1B with those from LDH1A also confers the ability to support growth at pH 3. The complementation system for the Leishmania proton pumps in yeast described here provides a means to dissect the functional properties of the two isoforms, a convenient supply of protein for structural analysis and a model amenable to screening proton pump inhibitors for potential anti-leishmanial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grigore
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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Grigore D, Ojeda N, Robertson EB, Alexander BT. Hypertension in adult growth restricted offspring is associated with activation of the renin angiotensin system. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a757-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grigore
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State STreetJacksonMS36219‐4505
| | - Norma Ojeda
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State STreetJacksonMS36219‐4505
| | - Elliott B Robertson
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State STreetJacksonMS36219‐4505
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State STreetJacksonMS36219‐4505
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Ojeda NB, Grigore D, Roberston EB, Alexander BT. Sex differences in a rat model of fetal programming of hypertension. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a1191-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Ojeda
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StJacksonMississippi39216
| | - Daniela Grigore
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StJacksonMississippi39216
| | - Elliott B Roberston
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StJacksonMississippi39216
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StJacksonMississippi39216
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Dawson AS, Ojeda N, Grigore D, Robertson EB, Alexander BT. Early inhibition of the renin angiotensin system prevents development of hypertension in a model of intrauterine growth restriction induced by reduced uterine perfusion in the pregnant rat. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma Ojeda
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StreetJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Daniela Grigore
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StreetJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Elliott B. Robertson
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StreetJacksonMS39216‐4505
| | - Barbara T. Alexander
- PhysiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center2500 North State StreetJacksonMS39216‐4505
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