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Madison A, Powers D, Maslowsky J, Goyal V. Social Oral Abstracts. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ukai M, Parmentier T, Cortez MA, Fischer A, Gaitero L, Lohi H, Nykamp S, Jokinen TS, Powers D, Sammut V, Sanders S, Tai T, Wielaender F, James F. Seizure frequency discrepancy between subjective and objective ictal electroencephalography data in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1819-1825. [PMID: 34002887 PMCID: PMC8295668 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies of epilepsy in veterinary medicine use subjective data (eg, caregiver‐derived histories) to determine seizure frequency. Conversely, in people, objective data from electroencephalography (EEG) are mainly used to diagnose epilepsy, measure seizure frequency and evaluate efficacy of antiseizure drugs. These EEG data minimize the possibility of the underreporting of seizures, a known phenomenon in human epileptology. Objective To evaluate the correlation between reported seizure frequency and EEG frequency of ictal paroxysmal discharges (PDs) and to determine whether seizure underreporting phenomenon exists in veterinary epileptology. Animals Thirty‐three ambulatory video‐EEG recordings in dogs showing ≥1 ictal PD, excluding dogs with status epilepticus. Methods Retrospective observational study. Ictal PDs were counted manually over the entire recording to obtain the frequency of EEG seizures. Caregiver‐reported seizure frequency from the medical record was categorized into weekly, daily, hourly, and per minute seizure groupings. The Spearman rank test was used for correlation analysis. Results The coefficient value (rs) comparing reported seizure to EEG‐confirmed ictal PD frequencies was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.048‐0.64, P = .03). Other rs values comparing history against various seizure types were: 0.36 for motor seizures and 0.37 for nonmotor (absence) seizures. Conclusions and Clinical Importance A weak correlation was found between the frequency of reported seizures from caregivers (subjective data) and ictal PDs on EEG (objective data). Subjective data may not be reliable enough to determine true seizure frequency given the discrepancy with EEG‐confirmed seizure frequency. Confirmation of the seizure underreporting phenomenon in dogs by prospective study should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Ukai
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Parmentier
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel A Cortez
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Peter Gilgan Center Research Learning, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Luis Gaitero
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Departments of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Nykamp
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarja S Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle Powers
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Animal Medical and Surgical Center, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Veronique Sammut
- Neurology Department, VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sean Sanders
- Seattle Veterinary Neurosurgery, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tricia Tai
- Neurology Department, VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Franziska Wielaender
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Fiona James
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Wilson K, Powers D, Grasperge B, Liu CC, Granger LA. Dogs with biliary rupture based on ultrasound findings may have normal total serum bilirubin values. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 62:236-245. [PMID: 33340195 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of hyperbilirubinemia can lead to decreased suspicion of biliary rupture in dogs. This delay of suspicion and treatment can result in increased mortality rates. The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to describe ultrasound and serum bilirubin findings in a group of dogs with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of suspected biliary rupture. The records of a single institution were searched over the period of 2007-2019 for cases having ultrasound reports describing suspicion of biliary rupture. Clinical findings for each of the cases were recorded. A total of 35 dogs met inclusion criteria and, of these, 30 dogs had confirmed ruptured biliary tracts. It was found that 40% (12/30) of dogs with confirmed ruptured biliary tracts had a serum bilirubin values within the normal reference range. No statistical difference was found in serum bilirubin values between the ruptured and nonruptured biliary tracts. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were found to be statistically significant between ruptured and nonruptured biliary tracts. Mucinous material, similar to "white bile" found in human literature, was found within the peritoneal effusion of six dogs with biliary rupture, three of which also lacked bile pigment. Findings from this study indicated that normobilirubinemia may be present in some dogs with biliary rupture, and therefore should not be used as a reason for excluding this differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Wilson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Danielle Powers
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Britton Grasperge
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - L Abbigail Granger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Cantu P, Kim Y, Sheehan C, Powers D, Margerison CE, Cubbin C. Downward Neighborhood Poverty Mobility during Childhood Is Associated with Child Asthma: Evidence from the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Survey. J Urban Health 2019; 96:558-569. [PMID: 31049846 PMCID: PMC6890910 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-019-00356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Causal evidence regarding neighborhood effects on health remains tenuous. Given that children have little agency in deciding where they live and spend proportionally more of their lives in neighborhoods than adults, their exposure to neighborhood conditions could make their health particularly sensitive to neighborhood effects. In this paper, we examine the relationship between exposure to poor neighborhoods from birth to ages 4-10 and childhood asthma. We used data from the 2003-2007 California Maternal Infant and Health Assessment (MIHA) and the 2012-2013 Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) survey (N = 2619 mother/child dyads) to fit relative risks of asthma for children who experience different types of neighborhood poverty mobility using Poisson regression controlling for individual-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and neighborhood satisfaction. Our results demonstrate that [1] living in a poor neighborhood at baseline and follow-up and [2] moving into a poor neighborhood were each associated with higher risk of asthma, compared with children not living in a poor neighborhood at either time. Exposure to impoverished neighborhoods and downward neighborhood poverty mobility matters for children's health, particularly for asthma. Public health practitioners and policymakers need to address downward neighborhood economic mobility, in addition to downward family economic mobility, in order to improve children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cantu
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Y Kim
- School of Kinesiology and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Sheehan
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - D Powers
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C E Margerison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Renn B, Powers D, Arao R, Vredevoogd M, Unützer J. IMPROVING ACCESS TO EVIDENCE-BASED DEPRESSION CARE FOR OLDER RURAL ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Holahan C, Holahan C, Powers D. THE RELATION OF LIVING WITH A SMOKER TO OBESITY IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER WOMEN. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Holahan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | - C Holahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - D Powers
- Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
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Hotchkiss A, Refino CJ, Leonard CK, O'Connor JV, Crowley C, McCabe J, Tate K, Nakamura G, Powers D, Levinson A, Mohler M, Spellman MW. The Influence of Carbohydrate Structure on the Clearance of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1647041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryModification of the carbohydrate structures of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) can increase or decrease its rate of clearance in rabbits. When rt-PA was treated with sodium periodate to oxidize carbohydrate residues, the rate of clearance was decreased from 9.6 ± 1.9 ml min−1 kg−1 to 3.5 ± 0.6 ml min−1 kg−1 (mean ± SD, n = 5). A similar change in the clearance of rt-PA was introduced by the use of endo-β-N-acetyl- glucosaminidase H (Endo-H), which selectively removes high mannose asparagine-linked oligosaccharides; the clearance of Endo-H-treated rt-PA was 5.0 ± 0.5 ml min−1 kg−1. A mutant of rt-PA was produced with an amino acid substitution at position 117 (Asn replaced with Gin) to remove a potential glycosylation site that normally contains a high mannose structure. The clearance of this material was also decreased, similar to the periodate and Endo-H-treated rt-PA. Conversely, when rt-PA was produced in the CHO 15B cell line, which can produce only high mannose oligosaccharide structures on glycoproteins, the clearance was increased by a factor of 1.8. These results demonstrate that the removal of rt-PA from the blood depends significantly upon the nature of its oligosaccharide structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hotchkiss
- The Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C J Refino
- The Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C K Leonard
- The Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J V O'Connor
- The Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Crowley
- The Department of Cell Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J McCabe
- The Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Tate
- The Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G Nakamura
- The Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Powers
- The Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Levinson
- The Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Mohler
- The Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M W Spellman
- The Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Powers D, Timlin CL, Dias NW, Santili FV, Mercadante VRG. 153 Progesterone Concentration, Follicle Diameter and Corpus Luteum Volume in Beef Cows Supplemented with Ca Salts of Soybean Oil. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Powers
- Virginia Tech - Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA
| | - C L Timlin
- Virginia Tech - Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA
| | - N W Dias
- Virginia Tech - Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA
| | - F V Santili
- Virginia Tech - Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA
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Barbour S, Smit T, Wang X, Powers D, Arora S, Kansra V, Aapro M, Herrstedt J. Integrated safety analysis of rolapitant with coadministered drugs from phase II/III trials: an assessment of CYP2D6 or BCRP inhibition by rolapitant. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:1268-1273. [PMID: 28327932 PMCID: PMC5452074 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rolapitant, a long-acting neurokinin (NK)1 receptor antagonist (RA), has demonstrated efficacy in prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients administered moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Unlike other NK1 RAs, rolapitant does not inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, but it does inhibit CYP2D6 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). To analyze potential drug-drug interactions between rolapitant and concomitant medications, this integrated safety analysis of four double-blind, randomized phase II or III studies of rolapitant examined adverse events (AEs) by use versus non-use of drug substrates of CYP2D6 or BCRP. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized to receive either 180 mg oral rolapitant or placebo ∼1-2 h before chemotherapy in combination with a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 RA and dexamethasone. Data for treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) and treatment-emergent serious AEs (TESAEs) during cycle 1 were pooled across the four studies and summarized in the overall population and by concomitant use/non-use of CYP2D6 or BCRP substrate drugs. RESULTS In the integrated safety population, 828 of 1294 patients (64%) in the rolapitant group and 840 of 1301 patients (65%) in the control group experienced at least one TEAE. Frequencies of common TEAEs were similar in the rolapitant and control populations. Overall, 53% of patients received CYP2D6 substrate drugs, none of which had a narrow therapeutic index (like thioridazine or pimozide), and 63% received BCRP substrate drugs. When grouped by concomitant use versus non-use of CYP2D6 or BCRP substrate drugs, TEAEs and TESAEs occurred with similar frequency in the rolapitant and control populations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support the safety of rolapitant as part of an antiemetic triple-drug regimen in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy, including those administered concomitant medications that are substrates of CYP2D6 or BCRP, such as ondansetron, docetaxel, or irinotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Barbour
- Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Hospital, Durham, USA
| | - T. Smit
- The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Aapro
- IMO Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - J. Herrstedt
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Wang X, Zhang ZY, Powers D, Wang J, Lu S, Kansra V. Rolapitant Absolute Bioavailability and PET Imaging Studies in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:332-339. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Tesaro Inc; Waltham Massachusetts USA
| | - ZY Zhang
- Tesaro Inc; Waltham Massachusetts USA
| | - D Powers
- Tesaro Inc; Waltham Massachusetts USA
| | - J Wang
- Tesaro Inc; Waltham Massachusetts USA
| | - S Lu
- Tesaro Inc; Waltham Massachusetts USA
| | - V Kansra
- Tesaro Inc; Waltham Massachusetts USA
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Schwartzberg L, Navari R, Arora S, Powers D, Jordan K, Rapoport B. Abstract P5-11-15: Rolapitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients receiving multiple cycles of emetogenic chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Patients (pts) with breast cancer often receive highly emetogenic chemotherapy, such as anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide (AC). Additionally, young age and female gender are risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in response to emetogenic chemotherapy. We assessed the ability of the long-acting neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (RA), rolapitant, in the prevention of CINV over multiple cycles in pts with breast cancer
Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of the prevention of CINV in a subset of pts with breast cancer from 3 similarly-designed, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials in which pts received a single oral dose of 180 mg rolapitant or placebo before chemotherapy. All pts received an oral 5-HT3 RA + dexamethasone (active control). The regimens were cisplatin-based (n=36), AC-based (n=681) or other (n=166; carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, etc). Pts who completed cycle 1 could continue the same antiemetic treatment in multiple cycles. Endpoints for cycle 1 of chemotherapy included complete response (CR; no emesis and no use of rescue medication) and no emesis, and no nausea (maximum visual analogue scale [VAS] <5 mm), in the overall (0–120 h), acute (≤24 h), and delayed (>24–120 h) phases. On days 6-8 of each subsequent chemotherapy cycle, pts self-reported the incidence of emesis or nausea interfering with normal daily life.
Results: In cycle 1, CR in both the overall (62.9% rolapitant, 55.1% control; p=0.018) and delayed (66.7% rolapitant, 59.7% control; p=0.032) phases were higher with rolapitant vs control . Rolapitant also improved no emesis rates in the overall (74.4% rolapitant, 62.6% control; p<0.001) and delayed (77.2% rolapitant, 68.5% control; p=0.004) phases. Although less pts were available for follow up over multiple cycles, a numerically greater proportion of rolapitant-treated pts than control pts reported no emesis (cycles 2-6) and no interfering nausea (cycles 2-5) (table). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar for rolapitant (85.2%) and control (83.2%) during cycles 1-6. The most common TEAEs occurred at comparable rates in the rolapitant and control arms: fatigue (28.5% and 29.4%, respectively), alopecia (28.5% and 31.2%, respectively), and constipation (20.0% and 20.9%, respectively).
Conclusions: Rolapitant added to 5-HT3 RA and dexamethasone therapy improved CINV control and was safe and well-tolerated in pts with breast cancer receiving multiple cycles of emetogenic chemotherapy, mostly AC and carboplatin, historically a high-risk population for CINV.
Pt-Reported Response in Multiple Cycles, % (n/N)* No Emesis No Interfering Nausea CycleRolapitant 180 mgActive Controlp-value *Rolapitant 180 mgActive Controlp-value *288.3 (323/366)80.0 (308/385)0.00271.6 (262/366)68.3 (263/385)0.329390.5 (297/328)80.5 (293/364)<0.00173.8 (242/328)65.9 (240/364)0.025487.5 (266/304)82.4 (277/336)0.07579.3 (241/304)72.0 (242/336)0.033594.9 (111/117)88.2 (127/144)0.05987.2 (102/117)80.6 (116/144)0.152695.3 (102/107)88.9 (120/135)0.07184.1 (90/107)83.0 (112/135)0.811* Unstratified Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for between rolapitant and control difference in response rate.
Citation Format: Schwartzberg L, Navari R, Arora S, Powers D, Jordan K, Rapoport B. Rolapitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients receiving multiple cycles of emetogenic chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schwartzberg
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN; TESARO, Inc., Waltham, MA; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Navari
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN; TESARO, Inc., Waltham, MA; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Arora
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN; TESARO, Inc., Waltham, MA; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Powers
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN; TESARO, Inc., Waltham, MA; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K Jordan
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN; TESARO, Inc., Waltham, MA; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - B Rapoport
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN; TESARO, Inc., Waltham, MA; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Navari R, Jordan K, Rapoport B, Schnadig I, Chasen M, Arora S, Powers D, Schwartzberg L. Efficacy of rolapitant for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with gastrointestinal and colorectal cancers. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw390.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Schwartzberg L, Jordan K, Rapoport B, Schnadig I, Chasen M, Arora S, Barbour S, Powers D, Navari R. Safety of rolapitant for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) substrate chemotherapy agents. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw390.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Aapro M, Arora S, Powers D. Efficacy and safety of rolapitant in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in elderly patients. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw390.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lyman G, King D, Evuarhehe O, Powers D, Harrow B. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: identification of the relevant clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw390.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Girault N, Bosland L, Dickinson S, Funke F, Güntay S, Herranz L, Powers D. LWR severe accident simulation: Iodine behaviour in FPT2 experiment and advances on containment iodine chemistry. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Powers D. Distribution of Civilian and Military Maxillofacial Surgical Procedures performed in an Air Force Theatre Hospital: Implications for Training and Readiness. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2010; 156:117-21. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-156-02-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Casotti G, Waldron T, Misquith G, Powers D, Slusher L. Expression and localization of an aquaporin-1 homologue in the avian kidney and lower intestinal tract. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:355-62. [PMID: 17320442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In birds, the kidneys and lower intestine function in osmoregulation. A 271-amino acid homologue to aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) was isolated from the kidneys, cecae, proximal and distal rectum, and coprodeum of the lower intestine in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). This protein has six transmembrane domains connected by two cytoplasmic loops and three extracellular loops. It exhibits 94%, 88%, and 78% homology to AQP-1 sequences of chicken, human and toad, respectively. Many of the highly conserved amino acids that are characteristic of AQP-1 are found in the sparrow sequence. RT-PCR was performed and the presence of AQP-1 mRNA was detected in the kidney and all four regions of the lower intestine. Immunoblots of total protein identified a 28-kDa non-glycosylated AQP-1 band and a 56-kDa glycosylated AQP-1 band in the kidney and all four regions of the lower intestine. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of the AQP-1 protein within both the renal cortex and medulla. In the lower intestine, the protein was present in the proximal rectum, distal rectum, and in the coprodeum. As AQP-1 functions to allow water movement across mammalian cell membranes, its presence in water-permeable cells in a bird suggests it may have a similar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casotti
- Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383, USA.
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Yang X, Parker D, Whitehead L, Ryder NS, Weidmann B, Stabile-Harris M, Kizer D, McKinnon M, Smellie A, Powers D. A collaborative hit-to-lead investigation leveraging medicinal chemistry expertise with high throughput library design, synthesis and purification capabilities. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2006; 9:123-30. [PMID: 16475970 DOI: 10.2174/138620706775541891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, where laboratory automation is used to expose biological targets to large numbers of materials from corporate compound collections, have become commonplace within the lead generation phase of pharmaceutical discovery. Advances in genomics and related fields have afforded a wealth of targets such that screening facilities at larger organizations routinely execute over 100 hit-finding campaigns per year. Often, 10(5) or 10(6) molecules will be tested within a campaign/cycle to locate a large number of actives requiring follow-up investigation. Due to resource constraints at every organization, traditional chemistry methods for validating hits and developing structure activity relationships (SAR) become untenable when challenged with hundreds of hits in multiple chemical families per target. To compound the issue, comparison and prioritization of hits versus multiple screens, or physical chemical property criteria, is made more complex by the informatics issues associated with handling large data sets. This article describes a collaborative research project designed to simultaneously leverage the medicinal chemistry and drug development expertise of the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc. (NIBRI) and ArQule Inc.'s high throughput library design, synthesis and purification capabilities. The work processes developed by the team to efficiently design, prepare, purify, assess and prioritize multiple chemical classes that were identified during high throughput screening, cheminformatics and molecular modeling activities will be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Wang S, Cowan C, Chipperfield H, Witmyer J, Powers D. Maternal Vs. Embryo Genes: Which One Is More Important For Embryo Culture? Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Wang S, Chipperfield H, Cowan C, Melton D, Powers D. Comparison of global gene expression profiles between embryos cultured in vitro and obtained in vivo using DNA microarrays. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
This article describes women who called a research line to quit smoking and identifies correlates of confidence in quitting among the callers. Approximately 4,000 women called the study line to participate after a single press release, indicating intensive interest in quitting. Overall, the randomized sample of women was aged 26 to 65 years, reported smoking just over one pack per day, was mostly White, predominantly employed, and had quit an average of two times the past year before joining the study. Standard background variables, such as age, income, body weight and smoking history variables did not predict baseline self-efficacy or confidence in quitting. However, level of stress, cognitive restraint, and weight gain concerns did predict self-efficacy. These data indicate strong interest in quitting among women and highlight the role of affect and weight concerns in quitting confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Bowen
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined recent trends in success rates for assisted reproduction and determined the influence of changes in patient selection and treatment characteristics on these trends. METHODS We collected baseline information and abstracted treatment-related details and outcomes on 1244 couples accepted for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) at three clinics in greater Boston from 1994-1998. RESULTS Delivery rates per initiated cycle improved significantly from 14.9% for IVF and 20.6% for GIFT in 1994-1995 to 22.5% for IVF and 28.0% for GIFT in 1997-1998 (P < or = .001). After adjusting for female age, the two treatment-related variables that appeared most likely to explain this trend were decreased use of GnRH agonists in short course (flare) regimens and increased use of highly purified forms of urinary gonadotropins. CONCLUSION There were significant improvements in the success rates for IVF and GIFT from 1994-1998 that correlated with changes in ovulation induction regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Cramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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29
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Abstract
A case report is presented on the experience of a mother diagnosed with insufficient glandular tissue at 3 months postpartum with her first child who then went on to breastfeed her second child (fifth pregnancy) without supplementation of any kind. The mother had difficulty becoming pregnant and maintaining a pregnancy. She was diagnosed with a luteal phase defect and was thus treated with natural progesterone during her fifth pregnancy. The authors speculate that this treatment may have stimulated the development of her mammary alveolar cells, allowing lactation to progress normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bodley
- Deaconess Family Birth Center, MT, USA
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30
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Koertge TE, Brooks CN, Sarbin AG, Powers D, Gunsolley JC. A longitudinal comparison of tooth whitening resulting from dentifrice use. J Clin Dent 1999; 9:67-71. [PMID: 10518865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of twice-daily brushing with one of three different dentifrices (Arm & Hammer Dental Care, Arm & Hammer Dental Care Extra Whitening, Crest) on stain removal and tooth whitening was examined in 115 volunteers over a period of 12 weeks. The facial surfaces of 12 anterior teeth were assessed for stain using a published, modified version of a standard stain index. Whiteness was measured on teeth 8 and 9 using a single Vita Lumin-Vaccum Shade Guide for consistency. At baseline, the mean facial stain scores were significantly higher (p < 0.05-0.01) for both Arm & Hammer dentifrices than for Crest. In addition, the tooth shades, as indicated by the stain guide, specifically the b* values representing yellowness, were quantified using a Minolta spectrophotometer. Arm & Hammer Dental Care Extra Whitening formula was found to be significantly better than Crest at removing naturally occurring extrinsic stain. The difference between Arm & Hammer Dental Care Extra Whitening and Crest became significant (p < 0.01) after two weeks of use, and remained intact during the balance of the study, achieving p values of 0.0002 for at least one of the three assessed parameters (total stain, proximal, and facial) at weeks 4 and 12. The study also found that Arm & Hammer Dental Care produced a significant increase in tooth whiteness by week 12, whereas Crest showed no such increase at any time during the study. These results suggest that the two Arm & Hammer Baking Soda products are more effective in reducing stain and increasing whiteness than the standard silica-based dentifrice. Their effectiveness is not related to abrasivity since they are less abrasive to tooth enamel than the silica-based product tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Koertge
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, USA.
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Bowen D, McTiernan A, Burke W, Powers D, Pruski J, Durfy S, Gralow J, Malone K. Participation in breast cancer risk counseling among women with a family history. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999; 8:581-5. [PMID: 10428194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific breakthroughs in the genetics of breast cancer may have had effects on women's perceptions of risk and subsequent worry about breast cancer. Here, we present the rates of interest in counseling among women identified from diverse sources, their levels of cancer worry and perceived risk, and predictors of their agreement to participate in breast cancer risk counseling. Women were identified through breast cancer cases and through media offers. They completed a telephone survey and were ultimately either entered or not entered into a counseling trial. Overall, almost half (46%) of cases who were approached responded to the contact letter asking for information about potentially interested relatives. A total of 588 women responded to the brief media solicitations over a 15-week period. Participants recruited from media contacts reported slightly but significantly higher levels of worry about getting cancer, compared to case-recruited participants. Cancer worry negatively and significantly predicted entry into the counseling project. The results presented here may have implications for recruiting women in the general population with a family history of breast cancer for counseling about their risk for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bowen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
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Schilling M, Povinelli L, Krause P, Gravenstein M, Ambrozaitis A, Jones HH, Drinka P, Shult P, Powers D, Gravenstein S. Efficacy of zanamivir for chemoprophylaxis of nursing home influenza outbreaks. Vaccine 1998; 16:1771-4. [PMID: 9778755 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite vaccination, influenza remains a common of morbidity in nursing homes. Chemoprophylaxis of residents with currently available antivirals is not always effective and new agents effective against both influenza A and B are needed. In a randomized, unblinded pilot study, we compared 14 day chemoprophylaxis with zanamivir, an antiviral which inhibits influenza neuraminidase, to standard of care during sequential influenza A and influenza B outbreaks in a 735 bed nursing home. Influenza A outbreaks were declared on 6/14 epidemic units. Sixty-five volunteers on four epidemic units were randomized to zanamivir and on two epidemic units, 23 volunteers were randomized to rimantadine. During the 14 days of prophylaxis, only four new febrile respiratory illnesses were detected. One volunteer receiving rimantadine prophylaxis developed laboratory-confirmed influenza. Influenza B outbreaks were declared on 3/14 epidemic units. Thirty-five volunteers on two epidemic units were randomized to zanamivir and 18 volunteers on one epidemic unit were randomized to no drug. During the 14 days of prophylaxis, only one new febrile respiratory illness was detected. One volunteer randomized to receive no drug developed laboratory-confirmed influenza. Zanamivir appears comparably effective to standard of care in preventing influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza in nursing homes, but requires further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schilling
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare basal gonadotropin and estradiol levels between women using acetaminophen versus those using no or other types of analgesics. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Three IVF clinics in greater Boston. PATIENT(S) Three hundred eighty-six women accepted for their first IVF treatment who completed questionnaires recording medical history, including analgesic use for menstrual pain, and who had blood drawn during the menstrual phase of a cycle before treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Basal FSH, LH, and estradiol. RESULT(S) Basal hormone levels, especially LH, were lower for women who regularly used acetaminophen compared with women who used no medication or other types of analgesics. Lower hormone levels in acetaminophen users were consistently observed when women were subdivided by age, body mass index, smoking history, and degree of menstrual pain-features that might have influenced analgesic use or hormone levels. CONCLUSION(S) This study provides preliminary evidence that acetaminophen may lower gonadotropin and estradiol levels and offers a biologic basis for the epidemiologic observation that acetaminophen use may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Cramer
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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34
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Bowen D, Hickman KM, Powers D. Importance of psychological variables in understanding risk perceptions and breast cancer screening of African American women. Womens Health 1998; 3:227-42. [PMID: 9426495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
African American women are less likely than white women to receive and perform adequate breast screening, and represent a group that has not been thoroughly researched in the area of breast cancer risk. In general, perceptions of risk and worry about cancer are both related to obtaining mammography and possibly other screening activities. We examine African American women's worry and beliefs about breast cancer, and their intentions to perform breast and genetic screening behaviors, using the self-regulatory model. Participants were recruited via media announcements; they completed questionnaires addressing several aspects of the self-regulatory model. Forty-one percent of participants were underestimators, 23% were overestimators, and 37% were extreme overestimators of their own personal risk for breast cancer. Several variables were significant predictors of willingness to undergo mammography and genetic screening, including ethnic identity, attitudes toward the physician, emotional distress, and risk overestimation. These data highlight the importance of psychological variables in understanding screening in African American women and hold promise for intervention design.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bowen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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35
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Powers D. Elongation of arthroscopically tied knots. Am J Sports Med 1998; 26:150. [PMID: 9527757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
This case follows a breastfeeding mother with cracked nipples undergoing antibiotic treatment (dicloxacillin) for mastitis. Nipple candidiasis also presented with burning, stinging pain radiating from the nipples into the breast, lasting throughout feedings and beyond. Over a 7-week period, the asymptomatic infant was treated with the oral antifungal, nystatin. After other antifungal treatment regimens (oral nystatin, tristatin ointment) had been deemed unsuccessful for the mother, the physician prescribed fluconazole (200 mg loading dose plus 100 mg/day for 15 days) which reduced, but did not eliminate, the nipple yeast and accompanying pain. Fluconazole was continued for an additional 30 days (200 mg/day) for a total of 6 weeks of treatment with this medication. Concurrently, a topical yeast medication (tristatin ointment) was used for a total of 8 weeks on the nipples/areola, after which the overt pain was resolved. Although the mastitis resolved after 1 week, the cracked nipples did not completely heal for several months. During the initial 3 weeks of treatment, neither over-the-counter pain medication nor acetaminophen with codeine relieved this mother's pain. Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen (10/650 mg/tablet) (Lorcet) offered the pain relief necessary for this mother to continue to breastfeed.
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37
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Abstract
This report describes ten cases in which silicone nipple shields were used for two weeks or longer. In nine of the cases, shields were used to help babies attach to the breast. These babies had struggled to attach to the areola because of suck problems or the mother's lack of protractility of breast tissue. In the tenth case, the shield was used because of extreme nipple soreness. All babies were off the shield by 3.5 months of age; nine were feeding directly from the breast. All weights were appropriate or above for the age of the infant at three weeks, two months and four months.
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38
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Singer NG, Richardson BC, Powers D, Hooper F, Lialios F, Endres J, Bott CM, Fox DA. Role of the CD6 glycoprotein in antigen-specific and autoreactive responses of cloned human T lymphocytes. Immunol Suppl 1996; 88:537-43. [PMID: 8881754 PMCID: PMC1456636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CD6 is a 130 000 MW T-cell surface glycoprotein that can deliver coactivating signals to mature T lymphocytes. Studies using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have defined at least four epitopes on CD6, and distinct functional responses are elicited by mAb to the different epitopes. The function of CD6 is unknown. Multiple CD6 ligands are predicted, based on data that a soluble CD6 fusion protein precipitates at least three peptides. A cDNA clone for one of these ligands, termed activated leucocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) has recently been isolated. In order to further characterize the role of CD6 in cell-cell interactions, we have examined the role of CD6 in a variety of responses by tetanus toxoid (TT) specific human T-cell clones. Anti-CD6 mAb UMCD6 (epitope 3) inhibits antigen-specific responses of such clones to TT, but not to the superantigen SEA. Responses of clones to nominal antigen are CD6-dependent using either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or macrophage-depleted E rosette negative cells as the antigen-presenting cell (APC) population. Furthermore, these clones made autoreactive with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors express increased CD6, and autoreactivity is inhibited by UMCD6. Taken together, the data suggests the existence of a functional CD6 ligand in peripheral blood which is expressed by APC, including cells other than macrophages. Interactions between CD6 and CD6 ligands may regulate both antigen specific and autoreactive responses of human T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Singer
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0531, USA
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Yung R, Powers D, Johnson K, Amento E, Carr D, Laing T, Yang J, Chang S, Hemati N, Richardson B. Mechanisms of drug-induced lupus. II. T cells overexpressing lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 become autoreactive and cause a lupuslike disease in syngeneic mice. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:2866-71. [PMID: 8675699 PMCID: PMC507381 DOI: 10.1172/jci118743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current theories propose that systemic lupus erythematosus develops when genetically predisposed individuals are exposed to certain environmental agents, although how these agents trigger lupus is uncertain. Some of these agents, such as procainamide, hydralazine, and UV-light inhibit T cell DNA methylation, increase lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) expression, and induce autoreactivity in vitro, and adoptive transfer of T cells that are made autoreactive by this mechanism causes a lupuslike disease. The mechanism by which these cells cause autoimmunity is unknown. In this report, we present evidence that LFA-1 overexpression is sufficient to induce autoimmunity. LFA-1 overexpression was induced on cloned murine Th2 cells by transfection, resulting in autoreactivity. Adoptive transfer of the transfected, autoreactive cells into syngeneic recipients caused a lupuslike disease with anti-DNA antibodies, an immune complex glomerulonephritis and pulmonary alveolitis, similar to that caused by cells treated with procainamide. These results indicate that agents or events which modify T cell DNA methylation may induce autoimmunity by causing T cell LFA-1 overexpression. Since T cells from patients with active lupus have hypomethylated DNA and overexpressed LFA-1, this mechanism could be important in the development of human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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40
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Abstract
This paper looks at the process of setting up a Head Injury Register whose aims are: (1) to identify reliably and rapidly patients who have sustained a head injury so that service can be offered to them; and (2) to obtain epidemiological data to identify needs and inform future service planning and development. The register records all cases of head injury in patients aged 16-65, regardless of severity, which present to hospital services in Oxfordshire whether or not admitted as inpatients. It was set up as part of a research project into the value of providing an early follow-up service for head injury patients. The paper highlights the difficulty of identifying these patients reliably. It details the administrative and technological problems encountered, together with some of their solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Moss
- Oxford Head Injury Service, Rivermead Rehabilitation Centre, UK
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41
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Ghebremedhin A, Ariyasinghe WM, Powers D. K-shell ionization of B, O, and F by 0.4-2.0-MeV He+ ions. Phys Rev A 1996; 53:1537-1544. [PMID: 9913045 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Guo P, Ghebremedhin A, Ariyasinghe WM, Powers D. Angular distributions of total LMM Auger electron yields produced by energetic He+ ions in Ar, Cl, and S. Phys Rev A 1995; 51:2117-2121. [PMID: 9911826 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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43
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Richardson B, Powers D, Hooper F, Yung RL, O'Rourke K. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 overexpression and T cell autoreactivity. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37:1363-72. [PMID: 7524510 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780370915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if DNA methylation inhibitors make T cells autoreactive by inducing lymphocyte function-associated antigen type 1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) overexpression. METHODS T cell clones were treated with 3 distinct DNA methylation inhibitors or were stably transfected with a CD18 cDNA in a mammalian expression vector, and the effects on LFA-1 expression and activation requirements were examined. RESULTS LFA-1 overexpression, caused by DNA methylation inhibitors or by transfection, correlates with the development of autoreactivity. CONCLUSION LFA-1 overexpression may contribute to T cell autoreactivity.
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Chen Q, Powers D, Pinkus AG. Abinitiocalculations of circular dichroism for ( S)‐2‐deuteriopropanoic acid and ( R)‐2‐deuterioglycine. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Kilburn KH, Powers D, Warshaw RH. Authors' reply. Occup Environ Med 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.50.9.863-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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46
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West L, Powers D. Molecular phylogenetic position of hexactinellid sponges in relation to the Protista and Demospongiae. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1993; 2:71-5. [PMID: 8364691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that the first multicellular organisms arose from unicellular ancestors, the phylogenetic relationships linking these groups remain unclear. Anatomical, physiological, and molecular studies of current multicellular organisms with relatively simple body organization suggest key characteristics of the earliest multicellular lineages. Glass sponges, the Hexactinellida, possess cellular characteristics that resemble some unicellular protistan organisms. These unique sponges were abundant in shallow seas of the early Cambrian, but they are currently restricted to polar habitats or very deep regions of the world oceans. Due in part to their relative inaccessibility, their potential significance to the early phylogeny of the eukaryotic kingdoms has been largely overlooked. We used sequences of the 18s ribosomal RNA gene of Farrea occa, a representative of the deep-water hexactinellid sponges, and Coelocarteria singaporense, a representative of the more common demosponges, and compared them with selected ribosomal RNA gene sequences available within the Protista. Using four computational methods for phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences, we found that the hexactinellid sponge-demosponge cluster is most closely related to Volvox and Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- L West
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950
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47
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Kilburn KH, Powers D, Warshaw RH. Pulmonary effects of exposure to fine fibreglass: irregular opacities and small airways obstruction. Br J Ind Med 1992; 49:714-720. [PMID: 1419860 PMCID: PMC1012147 DOI: 10.1136/oem.49.10.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Man made mineral fibres imitate asbestos and produce tumours of the pleura in animals. To answer the question, Does prolonged exposure to fibreglass adversely affect pulmonary function or produce radiographic abnormalities in human subjects? we studied workers in a midwestern appliance plant where refrigerator doors and previously entire cabinets were insulated with fibreglass sheeting and loose rotary spun fibreglass. METHODS Spirometry and lung volumes were measured, respiratory and occupational questionnaires were administered, and chest x-ray films were read for pneumoconiosis using International Labour Office (ILO) 1980 criteria in 284 workers with exposure of 20 years or more. RESULTS Expiratory flows were reduced including FEV1 (mean 90.3% of predicted (pr), FEF25-75 (85.5% pr), and FEF75-85 (76.2% pr). Forced vital capacity was significantly reduced (92.8% pr) and total lung capacity was significantly increased (109.2% pr). In white male smokers, a group large enough for comparisons, parameters of pulmonary function were reduced further in the presence of irregular opacities. Forty three workers (15.1%) had evidence of pneumoconiosis on chest radiographs: 26 of these (9.1%), had no known exposure to asbestos and 17 (6.0%) had some exposure. The best judgement was that in 36 (13.0%), pulmonary opacities or pleural abnormalities were due to fibreglass. CONCLUSION Commercial rotary spun fibreglass used for insulating appliances appears to produce human disease that is similar to asbestosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kilburn
- Environmental Sciences Laboratory, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Richardson BC, Strahler JR, Pivirotto TS, Quddus J, Bayliss GE, Gross LA, O'Rourke KS, Powers D, Hanash SM, Johnson MA. Phenotypic and functional similarities between 5-azacytidine-treated T cells and a T cell subset in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35:647-62. [PMID: 1376122 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780350608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells treated with DNA methylation inhibitors become autoreactive, suggesting a novel mechanism for autoimmunity. To test whether this mechanism might be involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), phenotypic markers for the autoreactive cells were sought. METHODS Cloned normal T cells were treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) and studied for altered gene expression. T cells from patients with active SLE were then studied for a similar change in gene expression, and cells expressing the marker were tested for autoreactivity. RESULTS 5-azaC-treated normal T cells had increased CD11a (leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 alpha) expression relative to other membrane molecules. A T cell subset with similar CD11a expression was found in patients with active SLE. This subset contained cells that spontaneously lysed autologous macrophages, with a specificity similar to that of 5-azaC-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Ariyasinghe WM, Awuku HT, Powers D. L-shell ionization of Si, P, S, Cl, and Ar by 0.4- to 2.0-MeV H+ and 0.4- to 1.2-MeV H2+ bombardment. Phys Rev A 1990; 42:3819-3825. [PMID: 9904478 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Nichols A, Vasko J, Koster P, Smith J, Barone F, Nelson A, Stadel J, Powers D, Rhodes G, Miller-Stein C, Boppana V, Bennet D, Berry D, Romoff T, Calvo R, Ali F, Sorenson E, Samanen J. SK&F 106760, a novel GPIIB/IIIA antagonist: antithrombotic activity and potentiation of streptokinase-mediated thrombolysis. Eur J Pharmacol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)92378-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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