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Singh G, Keller A, Lucas K, Borders C, Stout D, King M, Parikh P, Stepp N, Ugiliweneza B, D'Amico JM, Gerasimenko Y, Behrman AL. Safety and Feasibility of Cervical and Thoracic Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation to Improve Hand Motor Function in Children With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Neuromodulation 2023:S1094-7159(23)00648-7. [PMID: 37269282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.04.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In adults with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), transcutaneous spinal stimulation (scTS) has improved upper extremity strength and control. This novel noninvasive neurotherapeutic approach combined with training may modulate the inherent developmental plasticity of children with SCI, providing even greater improvements than training or stimulation alone. Because children with SCI represent a vulnerable population, we first must establish the safety and feasibility of any potential novel therapeutic approach. The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the safety, feasibility, and proof of principle of cervical and thoracic scTS for short-term effect on upper extremity strength in children with SCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this nonrandomized, within-subject repeated measure design, seven participants with chronic cervical SCI performed upper extremity motor tasks without and with cervical (C3-C4 and C6-C7) and thoracic (T10-T11) site scTS. Safety and feasibility of using cervical and thoracic sites scTS were determined by the frequency count of anticipated and unanticipated risks (eg, pain, numbness). Proof-of-principle concept was tested via change in force production during hand motor tasks. RESULTS All seven participants tolerated cervical and thoracic scTS across the three days, with a wide range of stimulation intensities (cervical sites = 20-70 mA and thoracic site = 25-190 mA). Skin redness at the stimulation sites was observed in four of 21 assessments (19%) and dissipated in a few hours. No episode of autonomic dysreflexia was observed or reported. Hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure and heart rate) remained within stable limits (p > 0.05) throughout the assessment time points at baseline, with scTS, and after the experiment. Hand-grip and wrist-extension strength increased (p < 0.05) with scTS. CONCLUSIONS We indicated that short-term application of scTS via two cervical and one thoracic site is safe and feasible in children with SCI and resulted in immediate improvements in hand-grip and wrist-extension strength in the presence of scTS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is NCT04032990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Singh
- Kosair Charities School of Physical Therapy, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, USA; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | | | - Kathryn Lucas
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Molly King
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Parth Parikh
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nicole Stepp
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Beatrice Ugiliweneza
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jessica M D'Amico
- Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yury Gerasimenko
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrea L Behrman
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Noonan-Eaton K, Stout D, Goode-Roberts M, Leon Machado L, Davis M, Behrman AL. Case report: training neck and head control in children with chronic paralysis due to acute flaccid myelitis. Front Rehabil Sci 2023; 4:1063724. [PMID: 37275404 PMCID: PMC10235686 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1063724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) occurs rarely in children and adolescents when damage to spinal motor neurons rapidly causes flaccid paralysis of limb, trunk, and neck muscles and potentially respiratory failure. When neck muscles are weakened or paralyzed, a child loses head control, severely compromising engagement with their environment. Compensation for lack of head control is achieved with external support devices attached to a wheelchair, but there is no indication in the AFM literature of therapeutic efforts to restore head control. In this case series, we explore the possibility of the recovery of head control when children with AFM received activity-based restorative therapies (ABRTs) guided by principles targeting motor control. Case description Three children, two male and one female, aged 6, 9, and 7, with a history of AFM-onset at 5, 7, and 4 years respectively, enrolled in an activity-based restorative therapies outpatient program targeting activation of the neuromuscular system below the lesion. Each of them lacked head control, was either ventilator-dependent or had a tracheostomy, and was a power wheelchair user via hand/foot control. Methods Activity-based restorative therapies were provided 5 days/week: 1.5 h of activity-based locomotor training and 1.5 h of activity-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Results An approach to addressing head/neck control developed iteratively across disciplines, from complete compensation with passive external head support to emerging head control during diverse tasks, e.g., sitting, reaching, driving a power chair, sit-to-stand, standing, stepping on a treadmill, and walking. Key principles identified and employed were (a) passive facilitation, (b) external head support, (c) posterior head support, (d) graded manual facilitation, and (e) independent head control. Discussion The recovery of head control in children with paralysis due to AFM may be accelerated when executing a step-wise progression to effectively target and challenge head control in parallel with activity-based restorative therapies. In treating three children with a chronic lack of head control, a therapeutic strategy was iteratively developed guided by scientific principles, e.g., segmental assessment of control, to promote recovery of head control. While this strategy is encouraging, gaps in sensitive and responsive measurement instruments and treatment technologies persist in guiding assistance, challenging, and promoting independent head control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Noonan-Eaton
- SCI Out-Patient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Danielle Stout
- SCI Out-Patient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - MacKenzie Goode-Roberts
- SCI Out-Patient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Laura Leon Machado
- SCI Out-Patient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Matthew Davis
- SCI Out-Patient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Andrea L. Behrman
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Kosair Charities Center for Pediatric NeuroRecovery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Romano O, Stout D, Mendrek A. Age and gender differences in coping and mental health during and post COVID-19 lockdown. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566806 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a reaction to growing number of COVID-19 cases in Quebec, the government issued a lockdown to prevent further spread of the virus in March 2020. The novelty of the imposed restrictions warranted an assessment of adult coping and potential effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to evaluate methods of coping employed during Quebec’s lockdown and their potential ramifications on anxiety and depressive symptoms post-lockdown in Quebec. Methods In a retrospective longitudinal design, two-hundred and twenty-three (n = 223) adults (65.5% female; 34.5% male) completed the study online. They were asked to fill out several questionnaires and provide demographic information. Results Analysis revealed significant improvement in anxiety symptoms post-lockdown relative to during lockdown across the entire sample. Depressive symptoms also improved significantly across the sample, but the difference was less pronounced among 18–34-year-olds than those 35 and above. Male adults aged 18-34 utilized maladaptive coping strategies to the greatest extent. Moreover, maladaptive coping was significantly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and predicted depressive symptoms post-lockdown. Further investigation revealed that young adult males differed from females in their use of substances and self-blame to cope. Conclusions Overall, the data suggest that the lockdown adversely affected anxiety and depressive symptoms among the general population. Furthermore, young adults, particularly males, were most susceptible to depressive symptomatology due in part to their methods of coping with the novel context. A follow-up study is warranted. Future studies should also seek to recruit individuals whose self-identified gender is non-traditional (e.g., non-binary). Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Goode-Roberts M, Noonan K, Stout D, Calvery M, Brothers K, Doonan NW, Behrman AL. Case Report: Capitalizing on Development and Activity-Dependent Plasticity, an Interaction With Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:804622. [PMID: 35425730 PMCID: PMC9002091 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.804622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) in infancy halts typical development secondary to paralysis/paresis and the limited ability to engage with the environment. Traditional therapies further restrict a child via bracing, equipment, and medications. In contrast, activity-based restorative therapies (ABRT) promote activation of the neuromuscular system below the level of injury and affords a more typical sensorimotor experience. CASE DESCRIPTION A premature male infant exhibiting hypotonia, poor head control, and extremity weakness was diagnosed at age 5 months with a remote incomplete upper cervical SCI based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), presumed to have occurred perinatally. From 4 to 15 months of age, he received physical, occupational and speech therapies. Enrolled in an ABRT program at 15 months, he was unable to sit, pull-to-stand, stand, or walk and had upper extremity impairments. Results of the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development revealed gross and fine motor scores consistent with a 4-month-old. METHODS Activity-based restorative therapies was provided 5 day/week: 1.5 h of activity-based locomotor training and 1 h of activity-based occupational therapy. RESULTS Activity-based restorative therapies are reported for 177 sessions and are on-going. Improvements are noted in trunk control, standing, walking, grasp, in-hand manipulation, and associated kinematics. Bayley-III fine motor score improved to that of a 16-month-old and gross motor score to that of a 7-month-old. DISCUSSION While the two treatment periods (i.e., 4-15 months old and 15-24 months) were each ∼9 months, the child's accelerated progress toward typical development during the latter, ABRT period is noteworthy. In comparison to the period of traditional therapies in which paralysis was compounded by a restrictive environment and compensation, ABRT provided a potentially rich sensorimotor experience with an emphasis on active weight-bearing and proper kinematics to activate the neuromuscular system below the lesion in an age-appropriate, task-specific context of activities. Improved physical capacity enabled exploration more typically associated with development at this age expanding the positive impact to other developmental domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie Goode-Roberts
- UofL Health, Frazier Rehab Institute, Kosair Charities Center for Pediatric NeuroRecovery, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kathryn Noonan
- UofL Health, Frazier Rehab Institute, Kosair Charities Center for Pediatric NeuroRecovery, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Danielle Stout
- UofL Health, Frazier Rehab Institute, Kosair Charities Center for Pediatric NeuroRecovery, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Margaret Calvery
- Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kyle Brothers
- Norton Children's Research Institute, Affiliated With the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Nicole Williams Doonan
- Department of Neurology, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Andrea L Behrman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kosair Charities Endowed Chair in Pediatric NeuroRecovery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Behrman AL, Argetsinger LC, Roberts MT, Stout D, Thompson J, Ugiliweneza B, Trimble SA. Activity-Based Therapy Targeting Neuromuscular Capacity After Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2019; 25:132-149. [PMID: 31068745 PMCID: PMC6496965 DOI: 10.1310/sci2502-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Activity-based therapies aim to improve neuromuscular capacity after spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to report the impact of Activity-based Locomotor Training (AB-LT) on neuromuscular capacity in pediatric patients with SCI. Methods: Participants were enrolled for their first episode of AB-LT for a minimum of 60 daily, 1.5-hour sessions. The Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) and the Pediatric Neuromuscular Recovery Scale (Pediatric NRS) were assessed initially, every 20 sessions, and post 60 sessions. Results: Twenty-six consecutive patients, mean age 5 years (SD = 3), completed a mean 55 sessions (SD = 4) within 63 weekdays (SD = 9). The Pediatric NRS total score improved significantly, adjusted mean 11.4, from initial to post-60 sessions (p < .05) with an average adjusted evaluation-to-evaluation 3.7 change. SATCo scores improved significantly across 60 sessions, mean change 5.2, an estimated 1.7 change between evaluations (p < .05). Age at enrollment and chronicity had no effect; however, initial neuromuscular capacity scores were negatively correlated with change scores (p < .05). Conclusion: Sixty AB-LT sessions significantly improved trunk and neuromuscular capacity in children with SCI, regardless of age or chronicity at enrollment. Patients with lower initial scores made greater improvements than patients with higher initial neuromuscular capacity. Anecdotal parent reports of their child's functional change in the home and community highlight the synergy between quantitative change in neuromuscular capacity and meaningful, improved quality of life and the need for formal investigation of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Behrman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Laura C. Argetsinger
- Pediatric NeuroRecovery Program, Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - MacKenzie T. Roberts
- Pediatric NeuroRecovery Program, Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Danielle Stout
- Pediatric NeuroRecovery Program, Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jennifer Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Beatrice Ugiliweneza
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shelley A. Trimble
- Pediatric NeuroRecovery Program, Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Program, Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, Kentucky
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Ahn HJ, Park J, Song K, Na B, Rosanvallon S, Stout D. Radiochemical Analysis of Tritium for ITER Type B Metallic Radwastes. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Ahn
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-330, Korea
| | - J. Park
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-330, Korea
| | - K. Song
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-330, Korea
| | - B.C Na
- ITER Organization, 13067 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - S. Rosanvallon
- ITER Organization, 13067 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - D. Stout
- ITER Organization, 13067 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
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Berry-Pusey BN, Chang YC, Prince SW, Chu K, David J, Taschereau R, Silverman RW, Williams D, Ladno W, Stout D, Tsao TC, Chatziioannou A. A semi-automated vascular access system for preclinical models. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:5351-62. [PMID: 23877111 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/16/5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Murine models are used extensively in biological and translational research. For many of these studies it is necessary to access the vasculature for the injection of biologically active agents. Among the possible methods for accessing the mouse vasculature, tail vein injections are a routine but critical step for many experimental protocols. To perform successful tail vein injections, a high skill set and experience is required, leaving most scientists ill-suited to perform this task. This can lead to a high variability between injections, which can impact experimental results. To allow more scientists to perform tail vein injections and to decrease the variability between injections, a vascular access system (VAS) that semi-automatically inserts a needle into the tail vein of a mouse was developed. The VAS uses near infrared light, image processing techniques, computer controlled motors, and a pressure feedback system to insert the needle and to validate its proper placement within the vein. The VAS was tested by injecting a commonly used radiolabeled probe (FDG) into the tail veins of five mice. These mice were then imaged using micro-positron emission tomography to measure the percentage of the injected probe remaining in the tail. These studies showed that, on average, the VAS leaves 3.4% of the injected probe in the tail. With these preliminary results, the VAS system demonstrates the potential for improving the accuracy of tail vein injections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Berry-Pusey
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging at UCLA, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
83 participants thought about a white bear before or after trying to suppress the idea. There was no rebound effect (more expression of white-bear thoughts after than before suppression) for either introverts or extraverts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bourdon
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Québec, Canada
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Stout D. Helmets under the updated ARFF standard. Occup Health Saf 2001; 70:34-6, 38. [PMID: 11225014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Tahir SK, Gu WZ, Zhang HC, Leal J, Lee JY, Kovar P, Saeed B, Cherian SP, Devine E, Cohen J, Warner R, Wang YC, Stout D, Arendsen DL, Rosenberg S, Ng SC. Inhibition of farnesyltransferase with A-176120, a novel and potent farnesyl pyrophosphate analogue. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36:1161-70. [PMID: 10854950 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Farnesylation of Ras is required for its transforming activity in human cancer and the reaction is catalysed by the enzyme farnesyltransferase. Recently, we discovered a novel chemical series of potent farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) analogues which selectively inhibited farnesyltransferase. Our most potent compound to date in this series, A-176120, selectively inhibited farnesyltransferase activity (IC(50) 1.2+/-0.3 nM) over the closely related enzymes geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTaseI) (IC(50) 423+/-1.8 nM), geranylgeranyltransferase II (GGTaseII) (IC(50) 3000 nM) and squalene synthase (SSase) (IC(50)>10000 nM). A-176120 inhibited ras processing in H-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells and HCT116 K-ras-mutated cells (ED(50) 1.6 and 0.5 microM, respectively). The anti-angiogenic potential of A-176120 was demonstrated by a decrease in Ras processing, cell proliferation and capillary structure formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and a decrease in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from HCT116 cells. In vivo, A-176120 reduced H-ras NIH3T3 tumour growth and extended the lifespan of nude mice inoculated with H- or K-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. A-176120 also had an additive effect in combination with cyclophosphamide in nude mice inoculated with K-ras NIH3T3 transformed cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that A-176120 is a potent FPP mimetic with both antitumour and anti-angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tahir
- Cancer Research, Pharmaceutical Product Research Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, IL 60064, Abbott Park, USA
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Stout D, Petric A, Satyamurthy N, Nguyen Q, Huang SC, Namavari M, Barrio JR. 2Beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4- and 2-[18F]fluoromethylphenyl)tropanes: specific probes for in vivo quantification of central dopamine transporter sites. Nucl Med Biol 1999; 26:897-903. [PMID: 10708303 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(99)00073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine reuptake transporter binding kinetics of 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-[18F]fluoromethylphenyl)tropane (p-FWIN) and 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(2-[18F]fluoromethylphenyl)tropane (o-FWIN) were determined in vervet monkeys using positron emission tomography (PET). Ligand localization was rapid and specific to the striatum with kinetic estimates comparable with those of 11C-labeled WIN 35,428 (CWIN). Binding was more specific with p-FWIN than with CWIN or o-FWIN. The relatively longer half-life of the 18F radiolabel enabled longer acquisition times with p-FWIN, resulting in less variability in the kinetic estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stout
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-6948, USA
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12
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Abstract
Participants (N = 509) were tested for backward cued recall of concrete noun pairs illustrated with pictures. Recall was considerably higher when a picture showed an interactive relationship than when the two items were drawn separately. However, with separate pictures in which the stimulus drawing appeared in a color that bore a direct relationship to the response object or when both drawings shared a color that was not related to the response object, recall was higher than with uncolored drawings. Performance was even better when the shared color was associated with the response object, although it remained below that with uncolored interactive pictures. The positive effects of shared colors did not occur with interactive pictures, but recall improved further when the response color appeared either in the stimulus or response portions of the combined drawing. It is concluded that cued recall is mediated by common elements and that the effects are additive, at least with separate pictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J McKelvie
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Undergraduate university students (N = 103) participated in a study of the relationship between test anxiety and the variables of trait anxiety, self-esteem, locus of control, mental ability, and gender. Results indicated bivariate associations between total test anxiety and the other measures except for mental ability. Further analyses revealed independent relationships between the "worry" component of test anxiety and the variables of trait anxiety, internality, chance, and mental ability. We also found independent associations between the "emotionality" aspect of test anxiety and the measures of trait anxiety and chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F de Man
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada
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Stout D, Stuart S. E. G. Boring's review of Brigham's A study of American intelligence: a case-study in the politics of reviews. Soc Stud Sci 1991; 21:133-142. [PMID: 11622605 DOI: 10.1177/030631291021001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In 1923, Carl Brigham published A Study of American Intelligence. E. G. Boring was asked by R. M. Yerkes to review the book; Boring agreed, saying that he would write a favourable review. Instead, he published a highly critical review in the New Republic. Contrary to the impression that psychologists and educators in the main supported Brigham's book, Boring's assessment of American Intelligence was in step with other reviews at that time. What remains open to question is why Boring agreed in the first place to write a positive review. Although this question remains unresolved, we lay out the specific details that led Boring to alter his review. Indeed, it is the `small' politics among professionals, and not the social politics of race, that persuaded Boring to pan Brigham's book.
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Artru AA, Stout D, Katz RA, Freund PR. EEG Suppression and Increased Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Following Intracarotid Injection of Iothalamate Meglumine (Conray) in Dogs. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1990; 2:105-13. [PMID: 15815329 DOI: 10.1097/00008506-199006000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over a 2-year period we observed three cases of unilateral suppression of the electroencephalogram (EEG) lasting from 45 s to 4 min following intracarotid injection of 60% iothalamate meglumine (Conray) for intraoperative carotid angiography postendarterectomy. As a result of these cases we undertook studies in 11 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane to examine causes of EEG suppression following intracarotid contrast medium injection. In group 1 (n = 6) cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), EEG activity, and permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were determined. In group 2 (n = 5) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, EEG activity, and BBB permeability were determined. Intracarotid injection of 5 ml of 60% Conray was associated with unilateral EEG suppression and increased BBB permeability in 1 of 11 dogs. Injection of contrast material caused no change in CBF or CMRO2 and caused a statistically significant but physiologically unimportant increase of CSF pressure (from 12 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 cm H2O, mean +/- SEM). It is concluded that EEG suppression following intracarotid injection of Conray is a rare event. It seems unlikely that EEG suppression resulted from cerebral ischemia or hypoxia, but rather was associated with increased BBB permeability. Increased BBB permeability likely was caused by the osmotic effect of Conray and not by hypoxic-ischemic microvascular injury or loss of autoregulation of CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Artru
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Greenberg A, Bozzelli JW, Cannova F, Forstner E, Giorgio P, Stout D, Yokoyama R. Correlations between lead and coronene concentrations at urban, suburban, and industrial sites in New Jersey. Environ Sci Technol 1981; 15:566-570. [PMID: 22283949 DOI: 10.1021/es00087a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Abstract
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast occurred in a total of six men from two families. In one family specimens from three men who had prophylactic mastectomies revealed focal intraductal hyperplasia, suggesting a familial tendency toward proliferation of mammary-duct epithelium. In the other family, benign and malignant breast lesions also developed in several women. Preliminary data suggest elevated urinary oestrogen excretion in three men from these families, implicating a defect in oestrogen production or metabolism in the pathogenesis of male breast neoplasms.
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Stout D. Problems of rubella control. N Engl J Med 1970; 283:819. [PMID: 5456247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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