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Mohindra P, Zhong JX, Fang Q, Cuylear DL, Huynh C, Qiu H, Gao D, Kharbikar BN, Huang X, Springer ML, Lee RJ, Desai TA. Local decorin delivery via hyaluronic acid microrods improves cardiac performance, ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:60. [PMID: 37872196 PMCID: PMC10593781 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a global public health burden and often results following myocardial infarction (MI). Following injury, cardiac fibrosis forms in the myocardium which greatly hinders cellular function, survival, and recruitment, thus severely limits tissue regeneration. Here, we leverage biophysical microstructural cues made of hyaluronic acid (HA) loaded with the anti-fibrotic proteoglycan decorin to more robustly attenuate cardiac fibrosis after acute myocardial injury. Microrods showed decorin incorporation throughout the entirety of the hydrogel structures and exhibited first-order release kinetics in vitro. Intramyocardial injections of saline (n = 5), microrods (n = 7), decorin microrods (n = 10), and free decorin (n = 4) were performed in male rat models of ischemia-reperfusion MI to evaluate therapeutic effects on cardiac remodeling and function. Echocardiographic analysis demonstrated that rats treated with decorin microrods (5.21% ± 4.29%) exhibited significantly increased change in ejection fraction (EF) at 8 weeks post-MI compared to rats treated with saline (-4.18% ± 2.78%, p < 0.001) and free decorin (-3.42% ± 1.86%, p < 0.01). Trends in reduced end diastolic volume were also identified in decorin microrod-treated groups compared to those treated with saline, microrods, and free decorin, indicating favorable ventricular remodeling. Quantitative analysis of histology and immunofluorescence staining showed that treatment with decorin microrods reduced cardiac fibrosis (p < 0.05) and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks post-MI compared to saline control. Together, this work aims to contribute important knowledge to guide rationally designed biomaterial development that may be used to successfully treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin X Zhong
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qizhi Fang
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Darnell L Cuylear
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Huynh
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dongwei Gao
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew L Springer
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randall J Lee
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Rivera KO, Cuylear DL, Duke VR, O’Hara KM, Zhong JX, Elghazali NA, Finbloom JA, Kharbikar BN, Kryger AN, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS, Desai TA. Encapsulation of β-NGF in injectable microrods for localized delivery accelerates endochondral fracture repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1190371. [PMID: 37284244 PMCID: PMC10241161 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Currently, there are no non-surgical FDA-approved biological approaches to accelerate fracture repair. Injectable therapies designed to stimulate bone healing represent an exciting alternative to surgically implanted biologics, however, the translation of effective osteoinductive therapies remains challenging due to the need for safe and effective drug delivery. Hydrogel-based microparticle platforms may be a clinically relevant solution to create controlled and localized drug delivery to treat bone fractures. Here, we describe poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA)-based microparticles, in the shape of microrods, loaded with beta nerve growth factor (β-NGF) for the purpose of promoting fracture repair. Methods: Herein, PEGDMA microrods were fabricated through photolithography. PEGDMA microrods were loaded with β-NGF and in vitro release was examined. Subsequently, bioactivity assays were evaluated in vitro using the TF-1 tyrosine receptor kinase A (Trk-A) expressing cell line. Finally, in vivo studies using our well-established murine tibia fracture model were performed and a single injection of the β-NGF loaded PEGDMA microrods, non-loaded PEGDMA microrods, or soluble β-NGF was administered to assess the extent of fracture healing using Micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry. Results: In vitro release studies showed there is significant retention of protein within the polymer matrix over 168 hours through physiochemical interactions. Bioactivity of protein post-loading was confirmed with the TF-1 cell line. In vivo studies using our murine tibia fracture model show that PEGDMA microrods injected at the site of fracture remained adjacent to the callus for over 7 days. Importantly, a single injection of β-NGF loaded PEGDMA microrods resulted in improved fracture healing as indicated by a significant increase in the percent bone in the fracture callus, trabecular connective density, and bone mineral density relative to soluble β-NGF control indicating improved drug retention within the tissue. The concomitant decrease in cartilage fraction supports our prior work showing that β-NGF promotes endochondral conversion of cartilage to bone to accelerate healing. Discussion: We demonstrate a novel and translational method wherein β-NGF can be encapsulated within PEGDMA microrods for local delivery and that β-NGF bioactivity is maintained resulting in improved bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O. Rivera
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Darnell L. Cuylear
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Victoria R. Duke
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey M. O’Hara
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
| | - Justin X. Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- UC Berkeley—UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nafisa A. Elghazali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- UC Berkeley—UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joel A. Finbloom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bhushan N. Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alex N. Kryger
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea S. Bahney
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- UC Berkeley—UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), Berkeley, CA, United States
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies, notably biomaterials, can be modularly designed and tuned to match specific patient needs. Although many challenges within tissue engineering remain, the incorporation of diagnostic strategies to create theranostic (combined therapy and diagnostic) biomaterials presents a unique platform to provide dual monitoring and treatment capabilities and advance the field toward personalized technologies. In this review, we summarize recent developments in this young field of regenerative theranostics and discuss the clinical potential and outlook of these systems from a tissue engineering perspective. As the need for precision and personalized medicines continues to increase to address diseases in all tissues in a patient-specific manner, we envision that such theranostic platforms can serve these needs.
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