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Fisher R, Fox DR, Negri AP, van Dam J, Flores F, Koppel D. Methods for estimating no-effect toxicity concentrations in ecotoxicology. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024; 20:279-293. [PMID: 37431758 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A range of new statistical approaches is being developed and/or adopted in ecotoxicology that, when combined, can greatly improve the estimation of no-effect toxicity values from concentration-response (CR) experimental data. In particular, we compare the existing no-effect-concentration (NEC) threshold-based toxicity metric with an alternative no-significant-effect-concentration (NSEC) metric suitable for when CR data do not show evidence of a threshold effect. Using a model-averaging approach, these metrics can be combined to yield estimates of N(S)EC and of their uncertainty within a single analysis framework. The outcome is a framework for CR analysis that is robust to uncertainty in the model formulation, and for which resulting estimates can be confidently integrated into risk assessment frameworks, such as the species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:279-293. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David R Fox
- Environmetrics Australia Pty Ltd, Beaumaris, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joost van Dam
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Brinkin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darren Koppel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Stauber JL, Gadd J, Price GAV, Evans A, Holland A, Albert A, Batley GE, Binet MT, Golding LA, Hickey C, Harford A, Jolley D, Koppel D, McKnight KS, Morais LG, Ryan A, Thompson K, Van Genderen E, Van Dam RA, Warne MSJ. Applicability of Chronic Multiple Linear Regression Models for Predicting Zinc Toxicity in Australian and New Zealand Freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023; 42:2614-2629. [PMID: 37477462 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability models, for example, multiple linear regressions (MLRs) of water quality parameters, are increasingly being used to develop bioavailability-based water quality criteria for metals. However, models developed for the Northern Hemisphere cannot be adopted for Australia and New Zealand without first validating them against local species and local water chemistry characteristics. We investigated the applicability of zinc chronic bioavailability models to predict toxicity in a range of uncontaminated natural waters in Australia and New Zealand. Water chemistry data were compiled to guide a selection of waters with different zinc toxicity-modifying factors. Predicted toxicities using several bioavailability models were compared with observed chronic toxicities for the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and the native cladocerans Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia and Daphnia thomsoni. The most sensitive species to zinc in five New Zealand freshwaters was R. subcapitata (72-h growth rate), with toxicity ameliorated by high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or low pH, and hardness having a minimal influence. Zinc toxicity to D. thomsoni (reproduction) was ameliorated by both high DOC and hardness in these same waters. No single trophic level-specific effect concentration, 10% (EC10) MLR was the best predictor of chronic toxicity to the cladocerans, and MLRs based on EC10 values both over- and under-predicted zinc toxicity. The EC50 MLRs better predicted toxicities to both the Australian and New Zealand cladocerans to within a factor of 2 of the observed toxicities in most waters. These findings suggest that existing MLRs may be useful for normalizing local ecotoxicity data to derive water quality criteria for Australia and New Zealand. The final choice of models will depend on their predictive ability, level of protection, and ease of use. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2614-2629. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stauber
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Environment, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Science, Engineering and Technology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gadd
- National Institute for Water Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gwilym A V Price
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Environment, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Evans
- Science, Engineering and Technology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Science, Engineering and Technology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anathea Albert
- National Institute for Water Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme E Batley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Environment, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monique T Binet
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Environment, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa A Golding
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Environment, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Harford
- Environmental Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Dianne Jolley
- Wollongong Resources, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren Koppel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kitty S McKnight
- School of Natural Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucas G Morais
- Science, Engineering and Technology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Ryan
- International Zinc Association, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Karen Thompson
- National Institute for Water Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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Stone S, Koppel D, Binet MT, Simpson SL, Jolley DF. Pulse-Exposure Toxicity of Ammonia and Propoxur to the Tropical Copepod Acartia sinjiensis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:208-218. [PMID: 34888921 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity risk assessments of short-term discharges of contaminated waters to the aquatic environment have shown that receptor organisms can tolerate higher pulse-exposure than continuous-exposure concentrations of some contaminants. However, these observations are influenced by the mode of toxicity of the contaminants present and the concentration-time profile of the exposure. For common metal contaminants, the time-weighted average concentration (TAC) of the exposure has been useful for predicting risk of toxicity to multiple species, including the tropical, euryhaline copepod Acartia sinjiensis. To increase our understanding of the application and limitations of the TAC approach, the present study examined how varied pulse-exposure durations affect the toxicity of fast-acting contaminants, ammonia, and the common pesticide propoxur to this copepod species. Copepod larvae were exposed under continuous-exposure conditions (all life stages from eggs to nauplii to copepodites exposed) and as 6- and 18-h pulse exposures applied during the most sensitive life stage only (24-h-old nauplii) within 78-h tests. Larval development ratio and population size were assessed as test endpoints. Generally, increased exposure duration resulted in increased toxicity. Trends observed for ammonia and propoxur were slightly different for larval development and population size. Larvae tolerated greater concentrations of contaminants in a 6-h pulse (higher 10% effect concentration) than in an 18-h pulse, or a continuous 78-h exposure, whereas toxicity responses converged for the 18- and 78-h exposures. Continuous toxicity thresholds were always protective of pulse exposures, providing a conservative toxicity threshold for all durations of pulse exposures. Although generalizations for predictions of risk based on TACs are frequently effective for common metal contaminants, the TAC approach was not effective for ammonia and propoxur. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:208-218. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stone
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, Tharawal Country, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Gadigal Country, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren Koppel
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Noongar Country, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique T Binet
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, Tharawal Country, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, Tharawal Country, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, Tharawal Country, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Magennis P, Koppel D, Dover S, Smith A. No opportunities missed, but we need to focus on the future if incorporating second degrees into OMFS training is to become a reality: Re: should we recruit trainees into the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery pathway at the beginning of the second degree to ensure the long-term viability of the specialty? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:254-255. [PMID: 33483158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Magennis
- Liverpool Universities NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - D Koppel
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow.
| | - S Dover
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - A Smith
- Sheffield and Barnsley Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
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Egodawatta LP, Holland A, Koppel D, Jolley DF. Influence of Soil Phosphate on the Accumulation and Toxicity of Arsenic and Antimony in Choy Sum Cultivated in Individually and Co-contaminated Soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1233-1243. [PMID: 32143235 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizers containing phosphate (PO43- ) are commonly used within the agricultural industry and are known to increase the bioavailability and mobility of metalloids like arsenic (As). This may increase plant uptake of As and hence pose a risk to human health. Arsenic and antimony (Sb) often co-occur in contaminated soils; however, little is known about the interactions between As and Sb with PO43- on their bioavailability, accumulation, and toxicity in plants. The present study investigated individual and combined As and Sb-contaminated soils across 2 soil PO43- concentrations using a commonly consumed leafy vegetable, choy sum (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). Increased soil PO43- had no clear influence on the bioavailability of As or Sb (derived from a sequential extraction procedure). At high PO43- concentration, B. chinensis accumulated higher amounts of As in the shoots and roots in both individual and co-contaminated soil, whereas Sb accumulation increased only when Sb was the only contaminant. When As was the only contaminant, the translocation of As from roots to shoots decreased as soil PO43- increased. Increased soil PO43- had no influence on Sb translocation from root to shoot. Although As was toxic (impaired growth) at low PO43- soil concentration, no toxicity was observed in the high-PO43- soil. No toxicity was observed for Sb in either low- or high-PO43- soils. Increased soil PO43- concentration ameliorated or masked As toxicity to plant growth and led to higher As concentration in the plant's edible parts. The addition of high soil PO43- concentrations ameliorated or masked As toxicity to plant growth in both individually and As + Sb co-contaminated soil; however, the plant's edible parts accumulated higher As and Sb concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1233-1243. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmini P Egodawatta
- School of Earth, Atmosphere, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren Koppel
- School of Earth, Atmosphere, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmosphere, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
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Egodawatta LP, Holland A, Koppel D, Jolley DF. Interactive effects of arsenic and antimony on Ipomoea aquatica growth and bioaccumulation in co-contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 2020; 259:113830. [PMID: 31891910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is an emerging contaminant and until recently it was assumed to behave in a similar way to arsenic (As). Arsenic and Sb often co-occur in contaminated sites, yet most investigations consider their toxicity to plants singly. More research is needed to understand the interactions between As and Sb in soils and plants. This study investigated the interactive effect of As and Sb in terms of soil bioavailability, plant toxicity and bioaccumulation on the commercially important agricultural plant, water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) using a pot experiment. Plants were exposed to As and Sb individually (As (individual), Sb (individual)) and as a mixture (As + Sb (combined)) at different concentrations. Plant growth was measured using shoot and root dry mass, length and chlorophyll a content of leaves. At the end of the bioassay, bioavailable metalloids were extracted from the soil as per a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and plant tissue was analysed for metalloid content. For As, there were no differences observed between the bioavailability of As in the As + Sb (combined) and As (individual) treatments. For Sb, no increase in bioavailability was observed with co-contamination compared to single-Sb exposures for most concentrations except at 1250 mg/kg. Single-Sb was not toxic to I. aquatica shoot dry mass and length, but there was greater shoot Sb accumulation in the As + Sb (combined) than the Sb (individual) treatment. In contrast, single-As was toxic to I. aquatica growth. When As and Sb were present together in the soil, there was a synergistic toxicity to shoot dry mass (EC50 Toxic Unit (TU) was less than 1) and additive toxicity (EC50 equal to 1 TU) to shoot length. This work shows that the co-occurrence of As and Sb in soil increases Sb bioavailability and can cause synergistic toxicity to an important agricultural crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmini P Egodawatta
- School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Vic, Australia
| | - Darren Koppel
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Siddiqui A, Whight M, Kaur K, Halsnad M, Koppel D, Sangra R, McAuley D. Computed tomography (CT) scan for single suture craniosynostosis - Is it an essential investigation? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.10.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Greenstein A, Sangra M, Koppel D, Halsnad M. A modified approach to surgical correction of brachycephaly. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koppel D. Orthognathic surgery for patients with craniosynostosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Greenstein A, Sangra R, Koppel D, Halsnad M. The benefits of differential fronto-orbital advancement remodelling and midface monobloc advancement with on table external distractors for the management and complexities of craniofacial manifestations of Pfeiffer syndrome. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koppel D, Touyz R. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) inhibitors as a novel strategy in the treatment of Arterio Venous Malformations (AVMs): time for a clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wilson G, Gardner A, Downie J, Koppel D. Progressive facial asymmetry resulting from condylar osteochondroma - A case report detailing the resection, subsequent orthognathic intervention and custom joint replacement. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:102-5. [PMID: 26258023 PMCID: PMC4523591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss a 37 year old male - who presented with marked facial asymmetry and signs/symptoms suggestive of condylar hyperplasia. Imaging confirmed a large exophytic growth arising from the right mandibular condylar head. Treatment included tumour resection, orthognathic intervention and total joint replacement. The clinical presentation, pathology and treatment, along with a brief discussion are described in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.J. Wilson
- CT2, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Stirling Road, Larbert, FK8 4WR, UK
| | - A. Gardner
- Specialty Registrar, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - J. Downie
- Consultant, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Stirling Road, Larbert, FK8 4WR, UK
| | - D. Koppel
- Consultant, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
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Dunphy L, Sood V, Koppel D. Is there any benefit of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Goodall C, Ayoub A, Crawford A, Smith I, Bowman A, Koppel D, Gilchrist G. Nurse-delivered brief interventions for hazardous drinkers with alcohol-related facial trauma: A prospective randomised controlled trial. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 46:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Westermark A, Koppel D, Leiggener C. Condylar replacement alone is not sufficient for prosthetic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35:488-92. [PMID: 16540290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a controversial method of treatment. This paper presents 2 cases that illustrate the problem with prosthetic reconstruction of the condylar head with no fossa reconstruction. In both cases, severe erosion and heterotopic bone formation occurred, and the patients underwent installation of total TMJ prostheses to replace the previous, partial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Westermark
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
AIMS To identify the prevalence of post-traumatic psychological symptoms after maxillofacial trauma and prognostic factors related to poor outcome. METHODS Thirty-nine patients were assessed within 10 days of injury and 24 again 4-6 weeks later using five standardised self-report measures on each occasion and a short structured interview at the time of initial contact. RESULTS Specific post-traumatic psychological symptoms were present at initial assessment in 21 patients (54%), with 9 (41%) meeting diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder at review 4-6 weeks later. Other psychiatric problems, such as anxiety and depression, were identified by the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Characteristics associated with poorer outcome included: a previous history of psychological distress; fear of the unknown, and female sex. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the adverse psychological effect of maxillofacial trauma both immediately after the event and 4-6 weeks after injury. Proper assessment of injured patients must include psychological aspects and further research is needed to identify the most appropriate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hull
- Aberdeen Centre for Trauma Research, Bennachie Building, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Scotland, Aberdeen, UK.
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Matthews NS, Khambay BS, Ayoub AF, Koppel D, Wood G. Preliminary assessment of skeletal stability after sagittal split mandibular advancement using a bioresorbable fixation system. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 41:179-84. [PMID: 12804543 DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(03)00048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied skeletal stability during the first year after mandibular advancement and fixation with bioresorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) screws in 11 patients by cephalometric measurements. We compared these with a cohort of 11 patients, in whom titanium screws were used for fixation. We found no significant difference between the two groups in the median preoperative cephalometric values and the median changes after operation. There was also no significant difference between the two groups regarding the median extent of relapse 1-year after operation. We conclude that bioresorbable SR-PLLA screws are comparable to metallic screws for fixation of bone after sagittal split mandibular advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Matthews
- The West of Scotland Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, UK
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Ayoub AF, Richardson W, Koppel D, Thompson H, Lucas M, Schwarz T, Smith L, Boyd J. Segmental mandibular reconstruction by microincremental automatic distraction osteogenesis: an animal study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 39:356-64. [PMID: 11601816 DOI: 10.1054/bjom.2001.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the reconstruction of a surgically created critical size mandibular defect in sheep using a newly developed automatic distraction device. The device has an implantable component, which is fixed to the mandible to allow the transfer of the transport disc across the created defect, and an external component which is mounted on the activation pump and secured away from the site of bone distraction. Compression of the bellows in the external component causes fluid to be forced through the connecting tube into the distraction component. Distraction at a rate of 1 mm over 24 h was achieved in six sheep. New bone generated at the site of the created defects both anterior (compression side) and posterior (tension side) to the transport disc and had similar radiodensity to the adjacent mandibular bone eight weeks after the completion of distraction.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that small amounts of thrombin desensitize the platelet thrombin receptor during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), resulting in postoperative platelet dysfunction and bleeding. METHODS Seventy-nine patients were entered into a study designed to measure changes in platelet thrombin receptor function during CPB and to correlate them to postoperative bleeding. In addition to measurements of clinical blood loss, platelet function tests of aggregation, activation, and cell-cell adhesion were used. The thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) was used to activate the platelets. Flow cytometry was used to measure various platelet surface markers and platelet-white cell interactions during CPB. RESULTS Compared with preoperative values, both aggregometry and flow cytometry measured a significant reduction of TRAP-induced activation immediately and up to 24 hours after CPB. The response of other activating agents returned to normal by 24 hours. Postoperatively, 8 of 79 patients required excessive blood transfusion (> or = 10 units of blood products) and had significantly decreased TRAP-induced aggregation response. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that (1) platelet activation, aggregation, and adhesion to leukocytes induced by TRAP are reduced after CPB, (2) decreased thrombin receptor responsiveness is associated with excessive postoperative blood loss, and (3) because the aggregation and activation responses are different for TRAP and thrombin, there may be a second thrombin receptor on platelets that is protected from damage during CPB. These results imply that prevention of the CPB-induced effects on the thrombin receptor will lessen postoperative morbidity associated with blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Ferraris
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albany Medical College, New York, USA
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Abstract
We report a unique case of transorbital penetrating head injury with a door-key. The case highlights the difficulties of preoperative ophthalmological assessment in the presence of a retained object and discusses the management of this and related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seex
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Jacobson K, Elson E, Koppel D, Webb W. International workshop on the application of fluorescence photobleaching techniques to problems in cell biology. Fed Proc 1983; 42:72-9. [PMID: 6848381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Harley JB, Ramanan SV, Kim I, Thiagarajan PV, Chen JH, Gomez R, Koppel D, Hyde F, Gustke S, Krall J. The cyclic use of multiple alkylating agents in multiple myeloma. W V Med J 1972; 68:1-3. [PMID: 4500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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