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Morgan E, Mayhew D, Houston E. Erratum: Retraction notice to "Development of a perioperative pathway for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis, cardiac disease, and difficult airways using virtual reality and 3D printing" [BJA Open 6 (2023) 100190]. BJA Open 2024; 9:100252. [PMID: 38586532 PMCID: PMC10994953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100190.].
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morgan
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Mayhew
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - E Houston
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Mayhew D, Palmer K, Wilson I, Watson S, Stepien KM, Jenkins P, Gadepalli C. Airway and Anaesthetic Management of Adult Patients with Mucopolysaccharidoses Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1366. [PMID: 38592237 PMCID: PMC10932343 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are rare congenital lysosomal storage disorders due to a deficiency of enzymes metabolising glycosaminoglycans, leading to their accumulation in tissues. This multisystem disease often requires surgical intervention, including valvular cardiac surgery. Adult MPSs have complex airways making anaesthesia risky. Methods: We report novel three-dimensional (3D) modelling airway assessments and multidisciplinary peri-operative airway management. Results: Five MPS adults underwent cardiac surgery at the national MPS cardiac centre (type I = 4, type II = 1; ages 20, 24, 33, 35, 37 years; two males, three females). All had complex airway abnormalities. Assessments involved examination, nasendoscopy, imaging, functional studies, 3D reconstruction, virtual endoscopy, virtual reality and simulation using computerised, physical modelling. Awake oral fibre-optic intubation was achieved via airway conduit. Staged extubation was performed on the first post-operative day under laryngo-tracheoscopic guidance. The post-operative period involved chest physiotherapy and occupational therapy. All patients had safe intubation, ventilation and extubation. Four had good cardiac surgical outcomes, one (MPS type I; age 35 years) was inoperable due to endocarditis. None had post-operative airway complications. Conclusions: Expertise from cardiovascular-heart team, multidisciplinary airway management, use of novel techniques is vital. Traditional airway assessments are insufficient, so ENT input, radiology and computerised methods to assess and simulate the airway in 3D by collaboration with clinical engineering is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayhew
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK; (D.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Kenneth Palmer
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK; (D.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Ian Wilson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK;
| | - Stuart Watson
- Medical Physics Department, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Department, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Petra Jenkins
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK;
| | - Chaitanya Gadepalli
- Ear Nose and Throat Department, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
- School of Medical Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester M14 4PX, UK
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3
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Wilson L, Malhotra R, Mayhew D, Banerjee A. The analgesic effects of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block in thyroid surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Anaesth 2023; 67:579-589. [PMID: 37601928 PMCID: PMC10436725 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_806_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Thyroid surgery is moderately painful, and many techniques to reduce postoperative pain have been studied. Regional techniques are a part of multimodal analgesia employed for various surgical cases. Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) is a commonly used regional anaesthesia technique for analgesia for thyroid surgery. A previous meta-analysis by this group had left questions about some facets of the technique, to which further trials have contributed. Methods The systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42022315499. It is an update to a previously published paper in 2018. An updated systematic search, critical appraisal, and analysis of clinical trials were performed. Trials investigating preoperative or postoperative BSCPB compared to control in patients undergoing thyroid surgery were included in the search. The primary outcome was postoperative opioid consumption. The secondary outcomes were the duration of analgesia (time to request of analgesia), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h, postoperatively, rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), postoperative rescue analgesic consumption, and intraoperative morphine use. Results A total of 31 studies and 2,273 patients were included in this analysis. BSCPB significantly reduced post-thyroidectomy opioid consumption (P < 0.001). Additionally, the duration of analgesia was prolonged following BSCPB. VAS scores for 24 h (postoperatively), intraoperative morphine use, and rescue analgesia (postoperatively) remained significantly lower in patients who received BSCPB. There was also a statistically significant reduction in PONV (P = 0.02). Conclusion BSCPB offers superior postoperative analgesia with a reduction in opioid use, reduction in PONV, and improvement in VAS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wilson
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Mount Vernon Street, Liverpool, England
| | - Rajiv Malhotra
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Mount Vernon Street, Liverpool, England
| | - David Mayhew
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, England
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Mount Vernon Street, Liverpool, England
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Shankar S, Wilson L, Harris G, Mayhew D, Bhawnani A. Evolving practice of perioperative pain management for cardiac surgery – patient-controlled analgesia, parasternal blocks, and beyond: a narrative experience from a regional centre. Br J Anaesth 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Calvert P, Yeo C, Rao A, Neequaye S, Mayhew D, Ashrafi R. Transcarotid implantation of a leadless pacemaker in a patient with Fontan circulation. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2022; 9:53-58. [PMID: 36685685 PMCID: PMC9845646 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Calvert
- Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Yeo
- Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Rao
- Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Neequaye
- Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David Mayhew
- Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Ashrafi
- Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Reza Ashrafi, Northwest Congenital Heart Disease Partnership, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Thomas Dr, Liverpool, England, UK L14 3PE.
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Kwon J, Hajian B, Bian Y, Amor A, Fuller J, Fraley C, Baker L, So J, Mayhew D, Sykes A, Persky N, Yang X, Root D, Perry C, Lemke C, Hahn W, Aguirre A. Abstract LB029: Comprehensive structure-function evaluation of the SHOC2 holophosphatase reveals disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-RAS signaling through the downstream mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade regulate cell proliferation and survival. The SHOC2 holophosphatase functions as a key regulator of RTK-RAS signaling by removing an inhibitory phosphorylation on RAF family proteins to potentiate MAPK signaling. SHOC2 forms a ternary complex with MRAS and PP1C, and human germline gain-of-function mutations of this complex result in congenital RASopathy syndromes. However, the structure and the assembly of this complex are poorly understood. Here, we use cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to resolve the structure of the SHOC2-PP1C-MRAS holophosphatase to 2.9Å resolution. Furthermore, we define the biophysical principles of SHOC2 holoenzyme interactions, elucidate the assembly order of the complex, and systematically interrogate the functional consequences of nearly all possible missense variants of SHOC2 through deep mutational scanning. We demonstrate that SHOC2 binds PP1C and MRAS through a concave surface created by the leucine-rich repeat region and further engages PP1C through the N-terminal disordered region containing a degenerate RVxF motif. Initial complex formation is mediated by SHOC2-PP1C interactions and is stabilized by binding of GTP-loaded MRAS. These observations define how clinical mutants in Noonan-like syndrome and cancer stabilize interactions of complex members to enhance holophosphatase activity. Together, this integrative structure-function model comprehensively defines key binding interactions within the SHOC2 holophosphatase, informing therapeutic development.
Citation Format: Jason Kwon, Behnoush Hajian, Yuemin Bian, Alvaro Amor, James Fuller, Cara Fraley, Laura Baker, Jonathan So, David Mayhew, Abbey Sykes, Nicole Persky, Xiaoping Yang, David Root, Charles Perry, Christopher Lemke, William Hahn, Andrew Aguirre. Comprehensive structure-function evaluation of the SHOC2 holophosphatase reveals disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kwon
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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7
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Wang W, Satti DI, Harky A, Mayhew D. Clinical assessment or scoring model for acute lung injury: A crossing path? J Card Surg 2022; 37:1611-1612. [PMID: 35338717 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Wang
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Danish Iltaf Satti
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Mayhew
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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8
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Mohan D, Keir HR, Richardson H, Mayhew D, Boyer J, van der Schee MP, Allsworth MD, Miller BE, Tal-Singer R, Chalmers JD. Exhaled volatile organic compounds and lung microbiome in COPD: a pilot randomised controlled trial. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00253-2021. [PMID: 34616836 PMCID: PMC8488227 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00253-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breath analysis is a burgeoning field, with interest in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a noninvasive diagnostic tool or an outcome measure, but no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have yet evaluated this technology in a clinical trial longitudinally. In a pilot RCT, our exploratory objectives were feasibility of measuring VOCs via multiple techniques, assessing relationships between VOCs and Haemophilus colonisation and whether CXCR2 antagonism with danirixin altered lung microbiome composition in individuals with COPD. Method 43 participants had VOCs and sputum biomarkers evaluated. VOCs and induced sputum were collected after 6 h of fasting at screening and at days 1, 7 and 14. VOCs were analysed via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and eNose. The primary outcome for these analyses was the relationship between VOCs and Haemophilus abundance determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results A joint-effects model demonstrated a modest relationship between four exhaled VOCs and Haemophilus relative abundance (R2=0.55) measured only by GC-MS, but not as measured using gas chromtaography FAIMS or eNose. There was considerable variability in absolute quantities of individual VOCs longitudinally. Conclusions VOC measurement in clinical trials to identify subsets of COPD is feasible, but assessment of new VOC technologies must include concurrent GC-MS validation. Further work to standardise collection of VOCs and measuring a background or “housekeeper” VOC is required to understand and normalise individual VOC quantities. VOC measurement in clinical trials to identify COPD subsets is feasible, but assessment of VOC technologies must include concurrent GC-MS validation. Further work to standardise collection of VOCs and measure a background or “housekeeper” VOC is required.https://bit.ly/3BNyKvS
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly R Keir
- Ninewells Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James D Chalmers
- Ninewells Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Richter C, Mayhew D, Rennhack JP, So J, Stover EH, Hwang JH, Szczesna-Cordary D. Genomic Amplification and Functional Dependency of the Gamma Actin Gene ACTG1 in Uterine Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228690. [PMID: 33217970 PMCID: PMC7698702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomere and cytoskeleton genes, or actomyosin genes, regulate cell biology including mechanical stress, cell motility, and cell division. While actomyosin genes are recurrently dysregulated in cancers, their oncogenic roles have not been examined in a lineage-specific fashion. In this report, we investigated dysregulation of nine sarcomeric and cytoskeletal genes across 20 cancer lineages. We found that uterine cancers harbored the highest frequencies of amplification and overexpression of the gamma actin gene, ACTG1. Each of the four subtypes of uterine cancers, mixed endometrial carcinomas, serous carcinomas, endometroid carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas harbored between 5~20% of ACTG1 gene amplification or overexpression. Clinically, patients with ACTG1 gains had a poor prognosis. ACTG1 gains showed transcriptional patterns that reflect activation of oncogenic signals, repressed response to innate immunity, or immunotherapy. Functionally, the CRISPR-CAS9 gene deletion of ACTG1 had the most robust and consistent effects in uterine cancer cells relative to 20 other lineages. Overall, we propose that ACTG1 regulates the fitness of uterine cancer cells by modulating cell-intrinsic properties and the tumor microenvironment. In summary, the ACTG1 functions relative to other actomyosin genes support the notion that it is a potential biomarker and a target gene in uterine cancer precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden Richter
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (C.R.); (D.M.); (J.P.R.); (J.S.); (E.H.S.)
| | - David Mayhew
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (C.R.); (D.M.); (J.P.R.); (J.S.); (E.H.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Rennhack
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (C.R.); (D.M.); (J.P.R.); (J.S.); (E.H.S.)
| | - Jonathan So
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (C.R.); (D.M.); (J.P.R.); (J.S.); (E.H.S.)
| | - Elizabeth H. Stover
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (C.R.); (D.M.); (J.P.R.); (J.S.); (E.H.S.)
| | - Justin H. Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Correspondence: (J.H.H.); (D.S.-C.); Tel.: +1-612-626-3003 (J.H.H.); +1-305-243-2908 (D.S.-C.); Fax: +1-612-625-6919 (J.H.H.); +1-305-243-4555 (D.S.-C.)
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: (J.H.H.); (D.S.-C.); Tel.: +1-612-626-3003 (J.H.H.); +1-305-243-2908 (D.S.-C.); Fax: +1-612-625-6919 (J.H.H.); +1-305-243-4555 (D.S.-C.)
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Houston E, Moran P, Mayhew D. Massive atrial myxoma requiring emergency cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with heparin resistance. Anaesth Rep 2020; 8:103-106. [PMID: 32789291 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin exhibits complex pharmacology with a wide variation in individual response. Despite this, heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant during cardiopulmonary bypass. Heparin resistance in the context of a patient with severe cardiovascular compromise presents a potentially life-threatening challenge. A 31-year-old woman was listed for emergency excision of a massive left atrial myxoma. On induction of anaesthesia, she developed marked cardiovascular instability secondary to mitral inflow obstruction. An initial heparin dose of 600 units.kg-1 produced an activated clotting time of 360 s; however, immediate cardiopulmonary bypass was required. Heparin resistance remained problematic throughout the procedure, with an inadequate response to antithrombin three supplementation. Despite a total dose of 120,000 units of heparin, anticoagulation was fully reversed with 500 mg protamine and there was no subsequent re-heparinisation. Heparin resistance, when coinciding with profound cardiovascular instability, requires a pragmatic response to expedite establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass whilst minimising potential harm. In this case, successful cardiopulmonary bypass was achieved with additional heparin boluses from an alternative batch administered both intravenously and via the bypass circuit. We therefore advocate consideration of this approach as one possible solution to achieving safe entry onto cardiopulmonary bypass in a crisis scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Houston
- North West (Mersey) Deanery Liverpool UK
| | - P Moran
- North West (Mersey) Deanery Liverpool UK
| | - D Mayhew
- Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital Liverpool UK.,University of Liverpool UK
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Michalovich D, Rodriguez-Perez N, Smolinska S, Pirozynski M, Mayhew D, Uddin S, Van Horn S, Sokolowska M, Altunbulakli C, Eljaszewicz A, Pugin B, Barcik W, Kurnik-Lucka M, Saunders KA, Simpson KD, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Ferstl R, Frei R, Sievi N, Kohler M, Gajdanowicz P, Graversen KB, Lindholm Bøgh K, Jutel M, Brown JR, Akdis CA, Hessel EM, O'Mahony L. Obesity and disease severity magnify disturbed microbiome-immune interactions in asthma patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5711. [PMID: 31836714 PMCID: PMC6911092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve targeted therapeutic approaches for asthma patients, insights into the molecular mechanisms that differentially contribute to disease phenotypes, such as obese asthmatics or severe asthmatics, are required. Here we report immunological and microbiome alterations in obese asthmatics (n = 50, mean age = 45), non-obese asthmatics (n = 53, mean age = 40), obese non-asthmatics (n = 51, mean age = 44) and their healthy counterparts (n = 48, mean age = 39). Obesity is associated with elevated proinflammatory signatures, which are enhanced in the presence of asthma. Similarly, obesity or asthma induced changes in the composition of the microbiota, while an additive effect is observed in obese asthma patients. Asthma disease severity is negatively correlated with fecal Akkermansia muciniphila levels. Administration of A. muciniphila to murine models significantly reduces airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation. Changes in immunological processes and microbiota composition are accentuated in obese asthma patients due to the additive effects of both disease states, while A. muciniphila may play a non-redundant role in patients with a severe asthma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Rodriguez-Perez
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Smolinska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Pirozynski
- Department of Allergology and Pulmonology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Human Genetics, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Sorif Uddin
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK.,Boehringer Ingelheim, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Stephanie Van Horn
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Can Altunbulakli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Benoit Pugin
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Weronika Barcik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Ferstl
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Noriane Sievi
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Gajdanowicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katrine B Graversen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James R Brown
- Computational Biology, Human Genetics, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland. .,Depts of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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Mayhew D, Mendonca V, Murthy BVS. A review of ASA physical status - historical perspectives and modern developments. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:373-379. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Mayhew
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Liverpool UK
- University of Liverpool; UK
| | | | - B. V. S. Murthy
- Department of Anaesthesia; Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust; Liverpool UK
- Liverpool John Moores University; UK
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Mayhew D, Devos N, Lambert C, Brown JR, Clarke SC, Kim VL, Magid-Slav M, Miller BE, Ostridge KK, Patel R, Sathe G, Simola DF, Staples KJ, Sung R, Tal-Singer R, Tuck AC, Van Horn S, Weynants V, Williams NP, Devaster JM, Wilkinson TMA. Longitudinal profiling of the lung microbiome in the AERIS study demonstrates repeatability of bacterial and eosinophilic COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2018; 73:422-430. [PMID: 29386298 PMCID: PMC5909767 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Alterations in the composition of the lung microbiome associated with adverse clinical outcomes, known as dysbiosis, have been implicated with disease severity and exacerbations in COPD. Objective To characterise longitudinal changes in the lung microbiome in the AERIS study (Acute Exacerbation and Respiratory InfectionS in COPD) and their relationship with associated COPD outcomes. Methods We surveyed 584 sputum samples from 101 patients with COPD to analyse the lung microbiome at both stable and exacerbation time points over 1 year using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. We incorporated additional lung microbiology, blood markers and in-depth clinical assessments to classify COPD phenotypes. Results The stability of the lung microbiome over time was more likely to be decreased in exacerbations and within individuals with higher exacerbation frequencies. Analysis of exacerbation phenotypes using a Markov chain model revealed that bacterial and eosinophilic exacerbations were more likely to be repeated in subsequent exacerbations within a subject, whereas viral exacerbations were not more likely to be repeated. We also confirmed the association of bacterial genera, including Haemophilus and Moraxella, with disease severity, exacerbation events and bronchiectasis. Conclusions Subtypes of COPD have distinct bacterial compositions and stabilities over time. Some exacerbation subtypes have non-random probabilities of repeating those subtypes in the future. This study provides insights pertaining to the identification of bacterial targets in the lung and biomarkers to classify COPD subtypes and to determine appropriate treatments for the patient. Trial registration number Results, NCT01360398.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - James R Brown
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart C Clarke
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Viktoriya L Kim
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Michal Magid-Slav
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce E Miller
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristoffer K Ostridge
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruchi Patel
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ganesh Sathe
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel F Simola
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruby Sung
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew C Tuck
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephanie Van Horn
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nicholas P Williams
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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14
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Qi Z, Wilkinson MN, Chen X, Sankararaman S, Mayhew D, Mitra RD. An optimized, broadly applicable piggyBac transposon induction system. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e55. [PMID: 28082389 PMCID: PMC5397163 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The piggyBac (PB) transposon has been used in a number of biological applications. The insertion of PB transposons into the genome can disrupt genes or regulatory regions, impacting cellular function, so for many experiments it is important that PB transposition is tightly controlled. Here, we systematically characterize three methods for the post-translational control of the PB transposon in four cell lines. We investigated fusions of the PB transposase with ERT2 and two degradation domains (FKBP-DD, DHFR-DD), in multiple orientations, and determined (i) the fold-induction achieved, (ii) the absolute transposition efficiency of the activated construct and (iii) the effects of two inducer molecules on cellular transcription and function. We found that the FKBP-DD confers the PB transposase with a higher transposition activity and better dynamic range than can be achieved with the other systems. In addition, we found that the FKBP-DD regulates transposon activity in a reversible and dose-dependent manner. Finally, we showed that Shld1, the chemical inducer of FKBP-DD, does not interfere with stem cell differentiation, whereas tamoxifen has significant effects. We believe the FKBP-based PB transposon induction will be useful for transposon-mediated genome engineering, insertional mutagenesis and the genome-wide mapping of transcription factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtai Qi
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Michael Nathaniel Wilkinson
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Xuhua Chen
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Sumithra Sankararaman
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - David Mayhew
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Robi David Mitra
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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15
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Olivry T, Mayhew D, Paps JS, Linder KE, Peredo C, Rajpal D, Hofland H, Cote-Sierra J. Early Activation of Th2/Th22 Inflammatory and Pruritogenic Pathways in Acute Canine Atopic Dermatitis Skin Lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1961-1969. [PMID: 27342734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Determining inflammation and itch pathway activation in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is fraught with the inability to precisely assess the age of skin lesions, thus affecting the analysis of time-dependent mediators. To characterize inflammatory events occurring during early experimental acute AD lesions, biopsy samples were collected 6, 24, and 48 hours after epicutaneous application of Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mites to sensitized atopic dogs. The skin transcriptome was assessed using a dog-specific microarray and quantitative PCR. Acute canine AD skin lesions had a significant up-regulation of genes encoding T helper (Th) 2 (e.g., IL4, IL5, IL13, IL31, and IL33), Th9 (IL9), and Th22 (IL22) cytokines as well as Th2-promoting chemokines such as CCL5 and CCL17. Proinflammatory (e.g., IL6, LTB, and IL18) cytokines were also up-regulated. Other known pruritogenic pathways were also activated: there was significant up-regulation of genes encoding proteases cathepsin S (CTSS), mast cell chymase (CMA1), tryptase (TPS1) and mastin, neuromedin-B (NMB), nerve growth factor (NGF), and leukotriene-synthesis enzymes (ALOX5, ALOX5AP, and LTA4H). Experimental acute canine house dust mite-induced AD lesions exhibit an activation of innate and adaptive immune responses and pruritogenic pathways similar to those seen in humans with acute AD, thereby validating this model to test innovative therapeutics modalities for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos Peredo
- Stiefel, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Deepak Rajpal
- Safety Assessment, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hans Hofland
- Stiefel, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Styles EB, Founk KJ, Zamparo LA, Sing TL, Altintas D, Ribeyre C, Ribaud V, Rougemont J, Mayhew D, Costanzo M, Usaj M, Verster AJ, Koch EN, Novarina D, Graf M, Luke B, Muzi-Falconi M, Myers CL, Mitra RD, Shore D, Brown GW, Zhang Z, Boone C, Andrews BJ. Exploring Quantitative Yeast Phenomics with Single-Cell Analysis of DNA Damage Foci. Cell Syst 2016; 3:264-277.e10. [PMID: 27617677 PMCID: PMC5689480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A significant challenge of functional genomics is to develop methods for genome-scale acquisition and analysis of cell biological data. Here, we present an integrated method that combines genome-wide genetic perturbation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high-content screening to facilitate the genetic description of sub-cellular structures and compartment morphology. As proof of principle, we used a Rad52-GFP marker to examine DNA damage foci in ∼20 million single cells from ∼5,000 different mutant backgrounds in the context of selected genetic or chemical perturbations. Phenotypes were classified using a machine learning-based automated image analysis pipeline. 345 mutants were identified that had elevated numbers of DNA damage foci, almost half of which were identified only in sensitized backgrounds. Subsequent analysis of Vid22, a protein implicated in the DNA damage response, revealed that it acts together with the Sgs1 helicase at sites of DNA damage and preferentially binds G-quadruplex regions of the genome. This approach is extensible to numerous other cell biological markers and experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Styles
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Karen J Founk
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Lee A Zamparo
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Tina L Sing
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Dogus Altintas
- Department of Molecular Biology, NCCR Program "Frontiers in Genetics", Institute of Genetics, Genomics, Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Ribeyre
- Department of Molecular Biology, NCCR Program "Frontiers in Genetics", Institute of Genetics, Genomics, Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Ribaud
- Department of Molecular Biology, NCCR Program "Frontiers in Genetics", Institute of Genetics, Genomics, Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Rougemont
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, Ecole Polytéchnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Mayhew
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Michael Costanzo
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Matej Usaj
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Adrian J Verster
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth N Koch
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniele Novarina
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Graf
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Brian Luke
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Marco Muzi-Falconi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robi David Mitra
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - David Shore
- Department of Molecular Biology, NCCR Program "Frontiers in Genetics", Institute of Genetics, Genomics, Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Grant W Brown
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Charles Boone
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Brenda J Andrews
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
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17
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Wang Z, Bafadhel M, Haldar K, Spivak A, Mayhew D, Miller BE, Tal-Singer R, Johnston SL, Ramsheh MY, Barer MR, Brightling CE, Brown JR. Lung microbiome dynamics in COPD exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:1082-92. [PMID: 26917613 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01406-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the lung microbiome plays an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. However, the dynamics of the lung microbiome during COPD exacerbations and its potential role in disease aetiology remain poorly understood.We completed a longitudinal 16S ribosomal RNA survey of the lung microbiome on 476 sputum samples collected from 87 subjects with COPD at four visits defined as stable state, exacerbation, 2 weeks post-therapy and 6 weeks recovery.Our analysis revealed a dynamic lung microbiota where changes appeared to be associated with exacerbation events and indicative of specific exacerbation phenotypes. Antibiotic and steroid treatments appear to have differential effects on the lung microbiome. We depict a microbial interaction network for the lung microbiome and suggest that perturbation of a few bacterial operational taxonomic units, in particular Haemophilus spp., could greatly impact the overall microbial community structure. Furthermore, several serum and sputum biomarkers, in particular sputum interleukin-8, appear to be highly correlated with the structure and diversity of the microbiome.Our study furthers the understanding of lung microbiome dynamics in COPD patients and highlights its potential as a biomarker, and possibly a target, for future respiratory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wang
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA These authors contributed equally
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK These authors contributed equally
| | - Koirobi Haldar
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Dept of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aaron Spivak
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Bruce E Miller
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammadali Yavari Ramsheh
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael R Barer
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Dept of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Both authors contributed equally
| | - James R Brown
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA Both authors contributed equally
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18
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Abstract
Calling card analysis is a high-throughput method for identifying the genomic binding sites of multiple transcription factors in a single experiment in budding yeast. By tagging a DNA-binding protein with a targeting domain that directs the insertion of the Ty5 retrotransposon, the genomic binding sites for that transcription factor are marked. The transposition locations are then identified en masse by Illumina sequencing. The calling card protocol allows for simultaneous analysis of multiple transcription factors. By cloning barcodes into the Ty5 transposon, it is possible to pair a unique barcode with every transcription factor in the experiment. The method presented here uses expression of transcription factors from their native loci; however, it can also be altered to measure binding sites of transcription factors overexpressed from a plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayhew
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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19
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20
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Abstract
Identifying the genomic targets of transcription factors is an important step in understanding the regulatory networks of gene transcription in yeast. We have developed a method that utilizes what we refer to as transposon "calling cards," in which a transcription factor directs the Ty5 retrotransposase to insert transposons into the genome adjacent to where the transcription factor binds. This method is designed to be multiplexed with many barcoded transcription factors and has the potential to decrease the labor required for the study of large numbers of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayhew
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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21
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Rajpal DK, Klein JL, Mayhew D, Boucheron J, Spivak AT, Kumar V, Ingraham K, Paulik M, Chen L, Van Horn S, Thomas E, Sathe G, Livi GP, Holmes DJ, Brown JR. Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145499. [PMID: 26709835 PMCID: PMC4692534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between changes in microbial communities and metabolic disease-phenotypes are still poorly understood. In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. We show that specific changes in microbial community composition are associated with obesity and glycemic control phenotypes. More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Rajpal
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jean-Louis Klein
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joyce Boucheron
- Enteroendocrine Discovery Performance Unit, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aaron T. Spivak
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karen Ingraham
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark Paulik
- Enteroendocrine Discovery Performance Unit, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lihong Chen
- Enteroendocrine Discovery Performance Unit, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Van Horn
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ganesh Sathe
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George P. Livi
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David J. Holmes
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James R. Brown
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
A multiplexed analysis of the transcriptional regulation of yeast pseudohyphal growth recorded the binding of 28 different transcription factors with barcoded transposons. A core set of target genes is identified, and a process of DNA looping at the FLO11 locus that provides transcriptional memory for expression of the gene is described. Pseudohyphal growth is a developmental pathway seen in some strains of yeast in which cells form multicellular filaments in response to environmental stresses. We used multiplexed transposon “Calling Cards” to record the genome-wide binding patterns of 28 transcription factors (TFs) in nitrogen-starved yeast. We identified TF targets relevant for pseudohyphal growth, producing a detailed map of its regulatory network. Using tools from graph theory, we identified 14 TFs that lie at the center of this network, including Flo8, Mss11, and Mfg1, which bind as a complex. Surprisingly, the DNA-binding preferences for these key TFs were unknown. Using Calling Card data, we predicted the in vivo DNA-binding motif for the Flo8-Mss11-Mfg1 complex and validated it using a reporter assay. We found that this complex binds several important targets, including FLO11, at both their promoter and termination sequences. We demonstrated that this binding pattern is the result of DNA looping, which regulates the transcription of these targets and is stabilized by an interaction with the nuclear pore complex. This looping provides yeast cells with a transcriptional memory, enabling them more rapidly to execute the filamentous growth program when nitrogen starved if they had been previously exposed to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayhew
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
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Ryan O, Shapiro RS, Kurat CF, Mayhew D, Baryshnikova A, Chin B, Lin ZY, Cox MJ, Vizeacoumar F, Cheung D, Bahr S, Tsui K, Tebbji F, Sellam A, Istel F, Schwarzmuller T, Reynolds TB, Kuchler K, Gifford DK, Whiteway M, Giaever G, Nislow C, Costanzo M, Gingras AC, Mitra RD, Andrews B, Fink GR, Cowen LE, Boone C. Global Gene Deletion Analysis Exploring Yeast Filamentous Growth. Science 2012; 337:1353-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1224339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Qi X, Daily K, Nguyen K, Wang H, Mayhew D, Rigor P, Forouzan S, Johnston M, Mitra RD, Baldi P, Sandmeyer S. Retrotransposon profiling of RNA polymerase III initiation sites. Genome Res 2012; 22:681-92. [PMID: 22287102 DOI: 10.1101/gr.131219.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although retroviruses are relatively promiscuous in choice of integration sites, retrotransposons can display marked integration specificity. In yeast and slime mold, some retrotransposons are associated with tRNA genes (tDNAs). In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Ty3 is found at RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription start sites of tDNAs. Ty1, 2, and 4 elements also cluster in the upstream regions of these genes. To determine the extent to which other Pol III-transcribed genes serve as genomic targets for Ty3, a set of 10,000 Ty3 genomic retrotranspositions were mapped using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Integrations occurred at all known tDNAs, two tDNA relics (iYGR033c and ZOD1), and six non-tDNA, Pol III-transcribed types of genes (RDN5, SNR6, SNR52, RPR1, RNA170, and SCR1). Previous work in vitro demonstrated that the Pol III transcription factor (TF) IIIB is important for Ty3 targeting. However, seven loci that bind the TFIIIB loader, TFIIIC, were not targeted, underscoring the unexplained absence of TFIIIB at those sites. Ty3 integrations also occurred in two open reading frames not previously associated with Pol III transcription, suggesting the existence of a small number of additional sites in the yeast genome that interact with Pol III transcription complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Wang H, Mayhew D, Chen X, Johnston M, Mitra RD. Calling Cards enable multiplexed identification of the genomic targets of DNA-binding proteins. Genome Res 2011; 21:748-55. [PMID: 21471402 DOI: 10.1101/gr.114850.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors direct gene expression, so there is much interest in mapping their genome-wide binding locations. Current methods do not allow for the multiplexed analysis of TF binding, and this limits their throughput. We describe a novel method for determining the genomic target genes of multiple transcription factors simultaneously. DNA-binding proteins are endowed with the ability to direct transposon insertions into the genome near to where they bind. The transposon becomes a "Calling Card" marking the visit of the DNA-binding protein to that location. A unique sequence "barcode" in the transposon matches it to the DNA-binding protein that directed its insertion. The sequences of the DNA flanking the transposon (which reveal where in the genome the transposon landed) and the barcode within the transposon (which identifies the TF that put it there) are determined by massively parallel DNA sequencing. To demonstrate the method's feasibility, we determined the genomic targets of eight transcription factors in a single experiment. The Calling Card method promises to significantly reduce the cost and labor needed to determine the genomic targets of many transcription factors in different environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Wang
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
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26
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Constantino-Casas F, Mayhew D, Hoather TM, Dobson JM. The clinical presentation and histopathologic-immunohistochemical classification of histiocytic sarcomas in the Flat Coated Retriever. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:764-71. [PMID: 20930108 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810385153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Flat Coated Retriever is a breed at risk of development of histiocytic sarcoma (HS), but in contrast to the disseminated form of disease recognized in the Bernese Mountain Dog, most reports of HS in Flat Coated Retrievers describe a localized lesion affecting the musculature or fascia of limbs. The purpose of this study was to review data and material received though an ongoing Flat Coated Retriever tumor survey to better define the presentation of HS in the breed and to determine the utility of subclassification of tumors arising at different sites by histology and immunohistologic phenotyping. Data on 180 dogs bearing HS-like tumors were available for review, which showed that although the majority (101 lesions, 57%) were primary limb lesions, 47 dogs (26%) had visceral, mainly splenic lesions with no peripheral primary tumor. A detailed histologic and immunohistologic review of 20 limb tumors and 20 splenic tumors showed that 2 distinct phenotypic subtypes could be identified: a histiocytic subtype, most prevalent in the splenic tumors, and a histiocytic-spindle-pleomorphic subtype, mainly seen in the limb tumors. Despite their variable morphology, all tumors expressed major histocompatibility complex class II and the leukocyte antigen CD18, but only those tumors in the spleen consistently expressed CD11d. The majority of tumors also contained a mild to moderate infiltrate of T lymphocytes.
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Mayhew D, Roth C, Cross J, Bamman M. p70S6K signaling induces load‐mediated myofiber hypertrophy in humans in an mTOR‐ and RPS6‐indedpendent manner. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.959.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Mayhew
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | - James Cross
- SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Marcas Bamman
- Physiology and Biophysics
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterBirmingham VA Medical CenterBirminghamAL
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Benos DJ, Bashari E, Chaves JM, Gaggar A, Kapoor N, LaFrance M, Mans R, Mayhew D, McGowan S, Polter A, Qadri Y, Sarfare S, Schultz K, Splittgerber R, Stephenson J, Tower C, Walton RG, Zotov A. The ups and downs of peer review. Adv Physiol Educ 2007; 31:145-52. [PMID: 17562902 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00104.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article traces the history of peer review of scientific publications, plotting the development of the process from its inception to its present-day application. We discuss the merits of peer review and its weaknesses, both perceived and real, as well as the practicalities of several major proposed changes to the system. It is our hope that readers will gain a better appreciation of the complexities of the process and, when serving as reviewers themselves, will do so in a manner that will enhance the utility of the exercise. We also propose the development of an international on-line training program for accreditation of potential referees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Benos
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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29
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Sweedler BM, Biecheler MB, Laurell H, Kroj G, Lerner M, Mathijssen MPM, Mayhew D, Tunbridge RJ. Worldwide trends in alcohol and drug impaired driving. Traffic Inj Prev 2004; 5:175-184. [PMID: 15276918 DOI: 10.1080/15389580490465175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Improved laws, enhanced enforcement, and public awareness brought about by citizens' concern, during the 1980s led to dramatic declines in drinking and driving in the industrialized world. The declines included about 50% in Great Britain, 28% in The Netherlands, 28% in Canada, 32% in Australia, 39% in France, 37% in Germany, and 26% in the United States. Some of these declines may be due in part to lifestyle changes, demographic shifts, and economic conditions. In most countries the declines reversed in the early 1990s and drinking and driving began to increase. By the middle of that decade the increases stabilized and the rates of drinking and driving again began to decline. These decreases were much less dramatic than those in the 1980s. Approaching the end of the 1990s and early in the new century, the record has been mixed. Some countries (France and Germany (until 2002)) continued to reduce drinking and driving while in other countries (Canada, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States), there was stagnation and in some cases small increases or even large increase as was the case in Sweden. Complacency and attention to other issues in recent years have been difficult to overcome in some countries. Harmonization of traffic safety laws in the European Union has strengthened laws in some countries but threatens existing strong policies in others. It may be that the major gains have already been made and that additional progress will require a much greater level of scientific knowledge, use of new and emerging technologies, and political and social commitment to put in place proven countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Sweedler
- Safety and Policy Analysis International, Lafayette, California, USA.
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Organ MG, Dixon CE, Mayhew D, Parks DJ, Arvanitis EA. The use of a supported base and strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography to prepare a variety of structurally-diverse molecular libraries prepared by solution-phase methods. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2002; 5:211-8. [PMID: 11966429 DOI: 10.2174/1386207024607301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of molecular libraries of aminomethylbiaryls, allylic amines, and ethanolamines using solution-phase methodology is described. In particular, the use of a solid-supported base reagent (PTBD resin) and strong cation exchange(SCX) resin to effect 'catch and release' purification across these diverse libraries is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Organ MG, Mayhew D, Cooper JT, Dixon CE, Lavorato DJ, Kaldor SW, Siegel MG. Solution phase synthesis of libraries of variably substituted olefin scaffolds: a library of allylic amines. J Comb Chem 2001; 3:64-7. [PMID: 11148064 DOI: 10.1021/cc0000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of allylic amine libraries derived from olefin templates is described. The two-step, solution phase reaction sequence consists of amination of the template followed by Suzuki coupling and expedited purification via ion exchange chromatography. The methodology has been used to synthesize a 1344-member allylic amine library.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Klaassen VA, Mayhew D, Fisher D, Falk BW. In vitro transcripts from cloned cDNAs of the lettuce infectious yellows closterovirus bipartite genomic RNAs are competent for replication in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. Virology 1996; 222:169-75. [PMID: 8806497 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Full-length cloned cDNAs of lettuce infectious yellows closterovirus (LIYV) RNAs 1 and 2 were constructed and fused to the bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase promoter. To assess RNA replication, Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts were inoculated with LIYV virion RNAs and LIYV cDNA-derived in vitro transcripts. Analysis of protoplasts inoculated with LIYV virion RNAs or capped (m7GpppG) in vitro transcripts from LIYV RNA 1 and 2 cDNAs showed accumulation of LIYV genomic and putative subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs), synthesis of LIYV coat protein, and formation of LIYV virions. Furthermore, protoplasts inoculated with only capped in vitro transcripts from LIYV RNA 1 cDNA showed accumulation of LIYV RNA 1 and its putative sgRNA, indicating that LIYV RNA 1 can replicate in the absence of LIYV RNA 2. Conversely, accumulation of LIYV RNA 2 was not detectable in protoplasts inoculated with only LIYV RNA 2 cDNA-derived capped in vitro transcripts. These data demonstrate that LIYV genomic RNAs are competent for replication in mesophyll protoplasts and that infectious in vitro transcripts can be derived from the cloned cDNAs of a closterovirus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Klaassen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Abstract
A possible role for adenylcyclase in insulin secretion was investigated. Isoproterenol, a predominantly beta-adrenergic agent, when mixed with an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (phenoxybenzamine), stimulated insulin secretion from pieces of the rat's pancreas in vitro. Theophylline, caffeine, 3'5'-cyclic AMP, glucagon, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and thyrotropin (TSH), all of which are thought to act through the adenylcyclase systems in the liver and adipose tissue, also stimulated insulin secretion in vitro; oxytocin and vasopressin, which do not stimulate lipolysis in adipose tissue, were inactive. In all cases, stimulation of insulin secretion could not be detected when glucose was absent or present in only low concentrations (less than 100 mg/100 ml) and was maximal at high levels of glucose (300 mg/100 ml). When pancreatic tissue was obtained from normoglycemic rats and contained no detectable glycogen in the Islets, the stimulant effects of glucose and of theophylline were reduced or abolished by mannoheptulose and 2-deoxyglucose. When tissue was derived from rats infused for 8-10 hr with glucose and contained glycogen, theophylline, even in the absence of glucose, stimulated secretion and this effect was reduced by 2-deoxyglucose but not by mannoheptulose. It is suggested that the beta-cell contains an adenylcyclase system through which phosphorylase and possibly phosphofructokinase could be activated; and that insulin secretion could depend upon and be regulated by hormones and other substances which influence the rate at which glycolysis proceeds within the beta-cell.
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Hewett FM, Mayhew D, Rabb E. An experimental reading program for neurologically impaired, mentally retarded, and severely emotionally disturbed children. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1967; 37:35-48. [PMID: 6030208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1967.tb01065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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