1
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Payne FM, Nie S, Diffee GM, Wilkins GT, Larsen DS, Harrison JC, Baldi JC, Sammut IA. The carbon monoxide prodrug oCOm-21 increases Ca 2+ sensitivity of the cardiac myofilament. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15974. [PMID: 38491822 PMCID: PMC10943376 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures require inotropic support to improve hemodynamic function and cardiac output. Current inotropes such as dobutamine, can promote arrhythmias, prompting a demand for improved inotropes with little effect on intracellular Ca2+ flux. Low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) induces inotropic effects in perfused hearts. Using the CO-releasing pro-drug, oCOm-21, we investigated if this inotropic effect results from an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Male Sprague Dawley rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes were permeabilized, and myofilament force was measured as a function of -log [Ca2+ ] (pCa) in the range of 9.0-4.5 under five conditions: vehicle, oCOm-21, the oCOm-21 control BP-21, and levosimendan, (9 cells/group). Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed by the Ca2+ concentration at which 50% of maximal force is produced (pCa50 ). oCOm-21, but not BP-21 significantly increased pCa50 compared to vehicle, respectively (pCa50 5.52 vs. 5.47 vs. 5.44; p < 0.05). No change in myofilament phosphorylation was seen after oCOm-21 treatment. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with the heme scavenger hemopexin, abolished the Ca2+ sensitizing effect of oCOm-21. These results support the hypothesis that oCOm-21-derived CO increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity through a heme-dependent mechanism but not by phosphorylation. Further analyses will confirm if this Ca2+ sensitizing effect occurs in an intact heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus M. Payne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Samantha Nie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Gerard T. Wilkins
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - David S. Larsen
- School of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
| | - Joanne C. Harrison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - James C. Baldi
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Ivan A. Sammut
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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2
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Bell NT, Payne CM, Sammut IA, Larsen DS. Mechanistic Studies of Carbon Monoxide Release from Norborn‐2‐en‐7‐one CORMs. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Bell
- University of Otago - Dunedin Campus: University of Otago Chemistry NEW ZEALAND
| | | | - Ivan A Sammut
- University of Otago Pharmacology and Toxicology NEW ZEALAND
| | - David S Larsen
- University of Otago Chemistry Union Place WestPO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 9016 Dunedin NEW ZEALAND
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3
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McDougall L, Kueh JTB, Ward J, Tyndall JDA, Woolley AG, Mehta S, Stayner C, Larsen DS, Eccles MR. Chemical Synthesis of the PAX Protein Inhibitor EG1 and Its Ability to Slow the Growth of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:709540. [PMID: 34722257 PMCID: PMC8549845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.709540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is primarily a disease of the developed world. The incidence rate has continued to increase over time, reflecting both demographic and lifestyle changes, which have resulted in genomic and epigenomic modifications. Many of the epigenetic modifications occur in genes known to be closely associated with embryonic development and cellular growth. In particular, the paired box (PAX) transcription factors are crucial for correct tissue development during embryogenesis due to their role in regulating genes involved in proliferation and cellular maintenance. In a number of cancers, including colorectal cancer, the PAX transcription factors are aberrantly expressed, driving proliferation and thus increased tumour growth. Here we have synthesized and used a small molecule PAX inhibitor, EG1, to inhibit PAX transcription factors in HCT116 colorectal cell cultures which resulted in reduced proliferation after three days of treatment. These results highlight PAX transcription factors as playing an important role in the proliferation of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, suggesting there may be a potential therapeutic role for inhibition of PAX in limiting cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorissa McDougall
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Jake Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adele G Woolley
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Stayner
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Richardson AT, McGhie TK, Cordiner SB, Stephens TTH, Larsen DS, Laing WA, Perry NB. 2-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl l-Ascorbic Acid, a Stable Form of Vitamin C, Is Widespread in Crop Plants. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:966-973. [PMID: 33434024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) is a stable, bioavailable vitamin C (AA) derivative. We report the distribution and seasonal variation of AA-2βG in apples and its occurrence in other domesticated crops and in wild harvested Ma̅ori foods. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed high AA-2βG concentrations in crab apples (Malus sylvestris) but low concentrations in domesticated apples. Leaves of crab and domesticated apple cultivars contained similar intermediate AA-2βG concentrations. Fruits and leaves of other crops were analyzed: mainly Rosaceae but also Actinidiaceae and Ericaceae. AA-2βG was detected in all leaves (0.5-6.1 mg/100 g fr. wt.) but was at lower concentrations in most fruits (0.0-0.5 mg/100 g fr. wt.) except for crab apples (79.4 mg/100 g fr. wt.). Ma̅ori foods from Solanaceae, Piperaceae, Asteraceae, and a fern of Aspleniaceae also contained AA-2βG. This extensive occurrence suggests a general role in AA metabolism for AA-2βG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair T Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Palmerston North 11600, New Zealand
| | - Sarah B Cordiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Palmerston North 11600, New Zealand
| | - Teiarere T H Stephens
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Palmerston North 11600, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - William A Laing
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Palmerston North 11600, New Zealand
| | - Nigel B Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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5
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Thiang Brian Kueh J, Seifert‐Simpson JM, Thwaite SH, Rodgers GD, Harrison JC, Sammut IA, Larsen DS. Studies towards Non‐toxic, Water Soluble, Vasoactive Norbornene Organic Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie H. Thwaite
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin postcode missing New Zealand
| | - Gina D. Rodgers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin postcode missing New Zealand
| | - Joanne C. Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin postcode missing New Zealand
| | - Ivan A. Sammut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin postcode missing New Zealand
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago Dunedin postcode missing New Zealand
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6
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Richardson AT, Cho J, McGhie TK, Larsen DS, Schaffer RJ, Espley RV, Perry NB. Discovery of a stable vitamin C glycoside in crab apples (Malus sylvestris). Phytochemistry 2020; 173:112297. [PMID: 32070800 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics on fruit of three wild and domesticated apple species (Malus sylvestris, M. sieversii and M. domestica) showed that two crab apple (M. sylvestris) accessions were distinguished by high concentrations of an ascorbic acid glycoside (AAG). This was partly purified, but key NMR signals were masked by inseparable sucrose. Reference samples of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid and 2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid were synthesised, but both coincided with the crab apple AAG on LC-MS. Peracetylation of the crab apple extract allowed both purification and characterisation, and the AAG was proven to be 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid by comparison of 1H NMR, HRMS and HPLC data with synthesised peracetylated ascorbyl glycoside standards. The stability of the natural AA 2-β-glycoside was similar to synthetic 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid, used widely in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. This discovery in crab apples (Rosaceae) is only the fourth reported occurrence of any ascorbyl glycoside from plants, the others being from Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Brassicaceae. It is hypothesised that AAGs may be more widespread in plants than currently realised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung Cho
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nigel B Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Plant & Food Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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7
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Robinson SA, Yau J, Terabe M, Berzofsky JA, Painter GF, Compton BJ, Larsen DS. Synthetic preparation and immunological evaluation of β-mannosylceramide and related N-acyl analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2739-2746. [PMID: 32219267 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the invariant natural killer (iNK) T cell agonist β-mannosylceramide along with a series of fatty amide analogues is reported. Of the six β-glycosylation protocols investigated, the sulfoxide methodology developed by Crich and co-workers proved to be the most effective where the reaction of a mannosyl sulfoxide and phytosphingosine derivative gave a key glycolipid intermediate as a 95 : 5 mixture of β- to α-anomers in high yield. A series of mannosyl ceramides were evaluated for their ability to activate D32.D3 NKT cells and induce antitumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage A Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Jessica Yau
- Vaccine Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Vaccine Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Benjamin J Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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8
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Osman H, Larsen DS, Muralikrishna A. A stereoselective approach to the angucyclinone antibiotics: A total synthesis of (±)-urdamycinone B. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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9
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Payne CM, Cho K, Larsen DS. 5-Bromo-norborn-2-en-7-one derivatives as a carbon monoxide source for palladium catalyzed carbonylation reactions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30736-30740. [PMID: 35529407 PMCID: PMC9072167 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Norbornenone (5b), obtained from the reaction of 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone dimer (3) with bromomaleic anhydride (4b), provides an excellent base-triggered source of carbon monoxide for palladium-catalysed carbonylation reactions. Aminocarbonylation, ketoamide synthesis, and Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of aryl iodides carried out in a two-chamber reaction vessel gave good to excellent yields of carbonylated products. Norbornenone (5b), obtained from the reaction of 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone dimer (3) with bromomaleic anhydride (4b), provides an excellent base-triggered source of carbon monoxide for palladium-catalysed carbonylation reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- China M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Kyulee Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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10
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Abstract
MIS416 is a microparticulate formulation derived from propionibacterium acnes cell wall skeletons with intrinsic adjuvant activity. Conjugates of MIS416-SS-peptide containing a disulfide linkage facilitate the cytoplasmic delivery and release of peptides in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We hypothesized that MIS416-siRNA (small interfering RNA) conjugates, containing a disulfide linkage between MIS416 and the siRNA, would allow cytoplasmic release of siRNA in APCs. MIS416-SS-siStat3 conjugates added to cell culture medium of monolayers of DCs in culture flasks successfully targeted Stat3 mRNA in DCs in vitro without transfection, downregulating Stat3 mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that MIS416-SS-siRNA conjugates can be used as a novel siRNA delivery system for the knockdown of mRNA levels in APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mainini
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah L Young
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand .,4 Maurice Wilkins Center for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand .,4 Maurice Wilkins Center for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Hogue RW, Dhers S, Hellyer RM, Luo J, Hanan GS, Larsen DS, Garden AL, Brooker S. Front Cover: Self-Assembly of Cyclohelicate [M 3
L 3
] Triangles Over [M 4
L 4
] Squares, Despite Near-Linear Bis-terdentate L and Octahedral M (Chem. Eur. J. 57/2017). Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross W. Hogue
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Sébastien Dhers
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Ryan M. Hellyer
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Jingwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Victoria, Victoria; Canada
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; Quebec Canada
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; Quebec Canada
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Anna L. Garden
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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12
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Hogue RW, Dhers S, Hellyer RM, Luo J, Hanan GS, Larsen DS, Garden AL, Brooker S. Self-Assembly of Cyclohelicate [M3
L3
] Triangles Over [M4
L4
] Squares, Despite Near-Linear Bis-terdentate L and Octahedral M. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross W. Hogue
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Sébastien Dhers
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Ryan M. Hellyer
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Jingwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Victoria, Victoria; Canada
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; Quebec Canada
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; Quebec Canada
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Anna L. Garden
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Otago, PO Box 56; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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13
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Hogue RW, Dhers S, Hellyer RM, Luo J, Hanan GS, Larsen DS, Garden AL, Brooker S. Self-Assembly of Cyclohelicate [M 3 L 3 ] Triangles Over [M 4 L 4 ] Squares, Despite Near-Linear Bis-terdentate L and Octahedral M. Chemistry 2017; 23:14193-14199. [PMID: 28593687 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of 1:1:2 MII (BF4 )2 (M=Zn or Fe), pyrazine-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (1) and 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine gave trimetallic triangle architectures rather than the anticipated tetrametallic [2×2] squares. Options for the nontrivial synthesis of 1 are considered, and synthetic details provided for both preferred routes. Rare cyclohelicate triangle architectures are observed for the pair of structurally characterized yellow-brown [Zn3 L3 ](BF4 )6 and dark green [Fe3 L3 ](BF4 )6 complexes of the neutral bis-terdentate Schiff base L. In order to form these pyrazine-edged triangles, the octahedral metal ions-with all 6 N-donors provided by the terdentate binding pockets of two L-are located 0.4-0.5 Å out of the plane of the bridging pyrazines, towards the center of the triangle. Density functional theory calculations confirm that simple particle counting entropic arguments, which predict triangles over squares, are correct here, with the triangles shown to be energetically favored over the corresponding squares. However, importantly, DFT analysis of these and related triangle versus square systems also show that vibrational contributions to entropy dominate and may significantly influence the preferred architecture, such that simple particle counting cannot in general be reliably employed to predict the observed architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W Hogue
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sébastien Dhers
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ryan M Hellyer
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jingwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Garry S Hanan
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anna L Garden
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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14
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Kueh JTB, Stanley NJ, Hewitt RJ, Woods LM, Larsen L, Harrison JC, Rennison D, Brimble MA, Sammut IA, Larsen DS. Norborn-2-en-7-ones as physiologically-triggered carbon monoxide-releasing prodrugs. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5454-5459. [PMID: 28970925 PMCID: PMC5609517 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A prodrug strategy for the release of the gasotransmitter carbon monoxide (CO) at physiological pH, based upon 3a-bromo-norborn-2-en-7-one Diels–Alder cycloadducts has been developed.
A prodrug strategy for the release of the gasotransmitter CO at physiological pH, based upon 3a-bromo-norborn-2-en-7-one Diels–Alder cycloadducts of 2-bromomaleimides and 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone has been developed. Examples possessing protonated amine and diamine groups showed good water solubility and thermal stability. Half-lives for CO-release in TRIS-sucrose buffer at pH 7.4 ranged from 19 to 75 min at 37 °C and 31 to 32 h at 4 °C. Bioavailability in rats was demonstrated by oral gavage and oCOm-21 showed a dose dependent vasorelaxant effect in pre-contracted rat aortic rings with an EC50 of 1.6 ± 0.9 μM. Increased intracellular CO levels following oCOm-21 exposure were confirmed using a CO specific fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan J Stanley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Russell J Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Laura M Woods
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Joanne C Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - David Rennison
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Ivan A Sammut
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
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15
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Moodie LWK, Trepos R, Cervin G, Larsen L, Larsen DS, Pavia H, Hellio C, Cahill P, Svenson J. Probing the Structure-Activity Relationship of the Natural Antifouling Agent Polygodial against both Micro- and Macrofoulers by Semisynthetic Modification. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:515-525. [PMID: 28170258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study represents the first comprehensive investigation into the general antifouling activities of the natural drimane sesquiterpene polygodial. Previous studies have highlighted a high antifouling effect toward macrofoulers, such as ascidians, tubeworms, and mussels, but no reports about the general antifouling effect of polygodial have been communicated before. To probe the structural and chemical basis for antifouling activity, a library of 11 polygodial analogues was prepared by semisynthesis. The library was designed to yield derivatives with ranging polarities and the ability to engage in both covalent and noncovalent interactions, while still remaining within the drimane sesquiterpene scaffold. The prepared compounds were screened against 14 relevant marine micro- and macrofouling species. Several of the polygodial analogues displayed inhibitory activities at sub-microgram/mL concentrations. These antifouling effects were most pronounced against the macrofouling ascidian Ciona savignyi and the barnacle Balanus improvisus, with inhibitory activities observed for selected compounds comparable or superior to several commercial antifouling products. The inhibitory activity against the microfouling bacteria and microalgae was reversible and significantly less pronounced than for the macrofoulers. This study illustrates that the macro- and microfoulers are targeted by the compounds via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindon W K Moodie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rozenn Trepos
- Biodimar LEMAR UMR 6539, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Gunnar Cervin
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg , SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg , SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Claire Hellio
- Biodimar LEMAR UMR 6539, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Patrick Cahill
- Cawthron Institute , 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden , Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
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16
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Malthus SJ, Wilson RK, Vikas Aggarwal A, Cameron SA, Larsen DS, Brooker S. Carbazole-based N4-donor Schiff base macrocycles: obtained metal free and as Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3141-3149. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Practical multi-step routes to 1,8-diformylcarbazole head units, and the first examples of Schiff base macrocycles derived from them, are reported. Like porphyrins, both macrocycles are shown to impose a strong ligand field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Malthus
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - Rajni K. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - A. Vikas Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - Scott A. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
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17
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Abstract
The polycyclic, polyoxygenated picrotoxane tutin was subjected to various glycosylation reaction conditions in an effort to synthesise β-linked tutin glycosides, recently found in toxic honeys. Cationic palladium-mediated glycosylation of tutin was successful; however, the α-linked tutin tetrabenzyl glucoside was obtained as the major product (5 : 1, α : β). Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl ether protecting groups resulted in concomitant tutin double-bond migration. Epoxide opening and rearrangement were observed upon acetylation of the tutin glucoside.
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18
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Mainini F, Larsen DS, Webster GA, Young SL, Eccles MR. Bridging Small Molecules to Modified Bacterial Microparticles Using a Disulphide Linkage: MIS416 as a Cargo Delivery System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145403. [PMID: 26695183 PMCID: PMC4687933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MIS416 is an intact minimal cell wall skeleton derived from Proprionibacterium acnes that is phagocytosed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). This property allows MIS416 to be exploited as a vehicle for the delivery of peptide antigens or other molecules (for example, nucleic acids) to DCs. We previously showed that covalent (non-cleavable) conjugation of OVA, a model antigen derived from ovalbumin, to MIS416 enhanced immune responses in DCs in vivo, compared to unconjugated MIS416 and OVA. Intracellular trafficking promotes the lysosomal degradation of MIS416, leading to the destruction of MIS416 plus the associated cargos conjugated to MIS416. However, lysosomal degradation of cargo may not be desired for some MIS416 conjugates. Here we have investigated whether a cleavable linkage could facilitate release of the cargo in the cytoplasm of DCs to avoid lysosomal degradation. DCs were treated in vitro with disulfide-containing conjugates, and as hypothesised faster release of SIINFEKL peptide in the cytoplasm of DCs was observed with the inclusion of a disulfide bond between MIS416 and cargo. The inclusion of a cleavable disulfide bond in the conjugates did not significantly alter the amount of SIINFEKL antigens presented on MHC I molecules on DCs as compared with conjugates without a disulfide bond. However, the conjugates containing disulfide-linkages performed either slightly better (p<0.05) than, or the same as conjugates without a disulfide bond with respect to in vitro OT-1 T-cell proliferation induced by the presentation of SIINFEKL antigens on DCs, or DC activation studies, respectively. However, disulfide-containing conjugates were less effective than conjugates without a disulfide bond in in vivo cytotoxicity assays. In conclusion, inclusion of a disulfide bond in MIS416-peptide conjugates was associated with efficient release of peptides in the cytoplasm of DCs, an important consideration for MIS416-mediated delivery of degradation-sensitive cargoes. However, treatment of DCs with disulfide-containing conjugates did not significantly alter the presentation of peptide antigens on MHC class I molecules to T-cells, or greatly enhance antigen-associated T-cell proliferation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gill A. Webster
- Innate Immunotherapeutics Ltd, 4B Walls Rd, Penrose, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Malthus
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid, Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajni K. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid, Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid, Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid, Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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Finichiu PG, Larsen DS, Evans C, Larsen L, Bright TP, Robb EL, Trnka J, Prime TA, James AM, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. A mitochondria-targeted derivative of ascorbate: MitoC. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:668-78. [PMID: 26453920 PMCID: PMC4698375 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes to a wide range of pathologies. One therapeutic strategy to treat these disorders is targeting antioxidants to mitochondria by conjugation to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation. To date only hydrophobic antioxidants have been targeted to mitochondria; however, extending this approach to hydrophilic antioxidants offers new therapeutic and research opportunities. Here we report the development and characterization of MitoC, a mitochondria-targeted version of the hydrophilic antioxidant ascorbate. We show that MitoC can be taken up by mitochondria, despite the polarity and acidity of ascorbate, by using a sufficiently hydrophobic link to the TPP moiety. MitoC reacts with a range of reactive species, and within mitochondria is rapidly recycled back to the active ascorbate moiety by the glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Because of this accumulation and recycling MitoC is an effective antioxidant against mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and also decreases aconitase inactivation by superoxide. These findings show that the incorporation of TPP function can be used to target polar and acidic compounds to mitochondria, opening up the delivery of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, MitoC has therapeutic potential as a new mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, and is a useful tool to explore the role(s) of ascorbate within mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Finichiu
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Cameron Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Thomas P Bright
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ellen L Robb
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jan Trnka
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Bioenergetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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21
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Compton BJ, Tang CW, Johnston KA, Osmond TL, Hayman CM, Larsen DS, Hermans IF, Painter GF. Synthesis and Activity of 6″-Deoxy-6″-thio-α-GalCer and Peptide Conjugates. Org Lett 2015; 17:5954-7. [PMID: 26606283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the development of highly defined synthetic vaccines is the codelivery of vaccine components (i.e., antigen and adjuvant) to secondary lymphoid tissue to induce optimal immune responses. This problem can be addressed by synthesizing vaccines that comprise peptide antigens covalently attached to glycolipid adjuvants through biologically cleavable linkers. Toward this, a strategy utilizing previously unreported 6″-deoxy-6″-thio analogues of α-GalCer that can undergo chemoselective conjugation with peptide antigens is described. Administration of these conjugate vaccines leads to enhanced priming of antigen specific T cells. This simple vaccine design is broadly applicable to multiple disease indications such as cancer and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Compton
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ching-wen Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Karen A Johnston
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Taryn L Osmond
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Colin M Hayman
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , 3 Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , 3 Symonds Street, Auckland Central 1142, New Zealand
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22
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Anderson RJ, Compton BJ, Tang CW, Authier-Hall A, Hayman CM, Swinerd GW, Kowalczyk R, Harris P, Brimble MA, Larsen DS, Gasser O, Weinkove R, Hermans IF, Painter GF. NKT cell-dependent glycolipid-peptide vaccines with potent anti-tumour activity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5120-5127. [PMID: 28717498 PMCID: PMC5500832 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipid–peptide conjugates designed to release vaccine components within target cells ensuring potent CD1d dependent T cell responses.
It is known that T cells can eliminate tumour cells through recognition of unique or aberrantly expressed antigens presented as peptide epitopes by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the tumour cell surface. With recent advances in defining tumour-associated antigens, it should now be possible to devise therapeutic vaccines that expand specific populations of anti-tumour T cells. However there remains a need to develop simpler efficacious synthetic vaccines that possess clinical utility. We present here the synthesis and analysis of vaccines based on conjugation of MHC-binding peptide epitopes to α-galactosylceramide, a glycolipid presented by the nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting molecule CD1d to provoke the stimulatory activity of type I natural killer T (NKT) cells. The chemical design incorporates an enzymatically cleavable linker that effects controlled release of the active components in vivo. Chemical and biological analysis of different linkages with different enzymatic targets enabled selection of a synthetic vaccine construct with potent therapeutic anti-tumour activity in mice, and marked in vitro activity in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan J Anderson
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 33436 , Lower Hutt 5046 , New Zealand .
| | - Benjamin J Compton
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 33436 , Lower Hutt 5046 , New Zealand .
| | - Ching-Wen Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , PO Box 7060 , Wellington 6242 , New Zealand .
| | - Astrid Authier-Hall
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , PO Box 7060 , Wellington 6242 , New Zealand .
| | - Colin M Hayman
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 33436 , Lower Hutt 5046 , New Zealand .
| | - Gene W Swinerd
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , PO Box 7060 , Wellington 6242 , New Zealand . .,School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600 , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Renata Kowalczyk
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3 Symonds St , Auckland Central , 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Paul Harris
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3 Symonds St , Auckland Central , 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3 Symonds St , Auckland Central , 1142 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3 Symonds St , Auckland Central , 1142 , New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , PO Box 56 , Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , PO Box 7060 , Wellington 6242 , New Zealand .
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , PO Box 7060 , Wellington 6242 , New Zealand . .,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine , University of Otago Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , PO Box 7060 , Wellington 6242 , New Zealand . .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3 Symonds St , Auckland Central , 1142 , New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600 , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 33436 , Lower Hutt 5046 , New Zealand .
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23
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Lee AMM, Painter GF, Compton BJ, Larsen DS. Resolution of orthogonally protected myo-inositols with novozym 435 providing an enantioconvergent pathway to Ac2PIM1. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10916-31. [PMID: 25338261 DOI: 10.1021/jo5019188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Orthogonally protected chiral myo-inositol derivatives are important intermediates for higher order myo-inositol-containing compounds. Here, the use of the immobilized enzyme Novozym 435 to efficiently catalyze the acetylation of the 5R configured enantiomer of racemic 1,2-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositols possessing chemically and sterically diverse protecting groups at O-3 and O-6 is described. The resolutions were successful with allyl, benzyl, 4-bromo-, 4-methoxy-, 4-nitro-, and 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)benzyl, propyl, and propargyl protection at O-6 in combination with either allyl or benzyl groups at O-3. Bulky protecting groups slow the rate of acetylation. No reaction was observed for 3,6-di-O-triisopropylsilyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated by the first reported synthesis of an Ac2PIM1 (9), which used both enantiomers of the resolved 3-O-allyl-6-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol in a convergent synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair M M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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24
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Anderson RJ, Tang CW, Daniels NJ, Compton BJ, Hayman CM, Johnston KA, Knight DA, Gasser O, Poyntz HC, Ferguson PM, Larsen DS, Ronchese F, Painter GF, Hermans IF. A self-adjuvanting vaccine induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes that suppress allergy. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:943-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Al-Barwani F, Young SL, Baird MA, Larsen DS, Ward VK. Mannosylation of virus-like particles enhances internalization by antigen presenting cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104523. [PMID: 25122183 PMCID: PMC4133192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization of peptides by antigen presenting cells is crucial for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Mannosylation has been demonstrated to enhance antigen uptake through mannose receptors, leading to improved immune responses. In this study we test the effect of surface mannosylation of protein-based virus-like particles (VLP) derived from Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) on uptake by murine and human antigen presenting cells. A monomannoside and a novel dimannoside were synthesized and successfully conjugated to RHDV VLP capsid protein, providing approximately 270 mannose groups on the surface of each virus particle. VLP conjugated to the mannoside or dimannoside exhibited significantly enhanced binding and internalization by murine dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells as well as human dendritic cells and macrophages. This uptake was inhibited by the inclusion of mannan as a specific inhibitor of mannose specific uptake, demonstrating that mannosylation of VLP targets mannose receptor-based uptake. Consistent with mannose receptor-based uptake, partial retargeting of the intracellular processing of RHDV VLP was observed, confirming that mannosylation of VLP provides both enhanced uptake and modified processing of associated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Barwani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Baird
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Vernon K. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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26
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Jiménez-Dalmaroni MJ, Radcliffe CM, Harvey DJ, Wormald MR, Verdino P, Ainge GD, Larsen DS, Painter GF, Ulevitch R, Beutler B, Rudd PM, Dwek RA, Wilson IA. Soluble human TLR2 ectodomain binds diacylglycerol from microbial lipopeptides and glycolipids. Innate Immun 2014; 21:175-93. [PMID: 24591200 DOI: 10.1177/1753425914524077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TLRs are key innate immune receptors that recognize conserved features of biological molecules that are found in microbes. In particular, TLR2 has been reported to be activated by different kinds of microbial ligands. To advance our understanding of the interaction of TLR2 with its ligands, the recombinant human TLR2 ectodomain (hTLR2ED) was expressed using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system and its biochemical, as well as ligand binding, properties were investigated. The hTLR2ED binds synthetic bacterial and mycoplasmal lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus, and synthetic lipoarabinomannan precursors from Mycobacterium at extracellular physiological conditions, in the absence of its co-receptors TLR1 and TLR6. We also determined that lipopeptides and glycolipids cannot bind simultaneously to hTLR2ED and that the phosphatidyl inositol mannoside 2 (Pim2) is the minimal lipoarabinomannan structure for binding to hTLR2ED. Binding of hTLR2ED to Pim4, which contains a diacylglycerol group with one of its acyl chains containing 19 carbon atoms, indicates that hTLR2ED can bind ligands with acyl chains longer than 16 carbon atoms. In summary, our data indicate that diacylglycerol is the ligand moiety of microbial glycolipids and lipoproteins that bind to hTLR2ED and that both types of ligands bind to the same binding site of hTLR2ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano J Jiménez-Dalmaroni
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Radcliffe
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Harvey
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark R Wormald
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petra Verdino
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary D Ainge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University Of Wellington, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Richard Ulevitch
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond A Dwek
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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27
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Pun PBL, Logan A, Darley-Usmar V, Chacko B, Johnson MS, Huang GW, Rogatti S, Prime TA, Methner C, Krieg T, Fearnley IM, Larsen L, Larsen DS, Menger KE, Collins Y, James AM, Kumar GDK, Hartley RC, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. A mitochondria-targeted mass spectrometry probe to detect glyoxals: implications for diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:437-50. [PMID: 24316194 PMCID: PMC3978666 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The glycation of protein and nucleic acids that occurs as a consequence of hyperglycemia disrupts cell function and contributes to many pathologies, including those associated with diabetes and aging. Intracellular glycation occurs after the generation of the reactive 1,2-dicarbonyls methylglyoxal and glyoxal, and disruption of mitochondrial function is associated with hyperglycemia. However, the contribution of these reactive dicarbonyls to mitochondrial damage in pathology is unclear owing to uncertainties about their levels within mitochondria in cells and in vivo. To address this we have developed a mitochondria-targeted reagent (MitoG) designed to assess the levels of mitochondrial dicarbonyls within cells. MitoG comprises a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cationic function, which directs the molecules to mitochondria within cells, and an o-phenylenediamine moiety that reacts with dicarbonyls to give distinctive and stable products. The extent of accumulation of these diagnostic heterocyclic products can be readily and sensitively quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enabling changes to be determined. Using the MitoG-based analysis we assessed the formation of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in response to hyperglycemia in cells in culture and in the Akita mouse model of diabetes in vivo. These findings indicated that the levels of methylglyoxal and glyoxal within mitochondria increase during hyperglycemia both in cells and in vivo, suggesting that they can contribute to the pathological mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs in diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Boon Li Pun
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Balu Chacko
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Guang W Huang
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sebastian Rogatti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Carmen Methner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katja E Menger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yvonne Collins
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - G D Kishore Kumar
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Hubert M, Larsen DS, Hayman CM, Rades T, Hook S. Physical Characterization of Synthetic Phosphatidylinositol Dimannosides and Analogues in Binary Systems with Phosphatidylcholine. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:913-21. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400588y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colin M. Hayman
- Carbohydrate
Chemistry Team, Callaghan Innovation, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Moodie LWK, Larsen DS. A Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis Approach to Functionalized Semicyclic Dienes: The Total Synthesis of (-)-Tetrangomycin. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Logan A, Cochemé HM, Li Pun PB, Apostolova N, Smith RAJ, Larsen L, Larsen DS, James AM, Fearnley IM, Rogatti S, Prime TA, Finichiu PG, Dare A, Chouchani ET, Pell VR, Methner C, Quin C, McQuaker SJ, Krieg T, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Using exomarkers to assess mitochondrial reactive species in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:923-30. [PMID: 23726990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to measure the concentrations of small damaging and signalling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo is essential to understanding their biological roles. While a range of methods can be applied to in vitro systems, measuring the levels and relative changes in reactive species in vivo is challenging. SCOPE OF REVIEW One approach towards achieving this goal is the use of exomarkers. In this, exogenous probe compounds are administered to the intact organism and are then transformed by the reactive molecules in vivo to produce a diagnostic exomarker. The exomarker and the precursor probe can be analysed ex vivo to infer the identity and amounts of the reactive species present in vivo. This is akin to the measurement of biomarkers produced by the interaction of reactive species with endogenous biomolecules. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our laboratories have developed mitochondria-targeted probes that generate exomarkers that can be analysed ex vivo by mass spectrometry to assess levels of reactive species within mitochondria in vivo. We have used one of these compounds, MitoB, to infer the levels of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide within flies and mice. Here we describe the development of MitoB and expand on this example to discuss how better probes and exomarkers can be developed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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31
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Rankin GM, Maxwell-Cameron I, Painter GF, Larsen DS. The Dimethoxyphenylbenzyl Protecting Group: An Alternative to the p-Methoxybenzyl Group for Protection of Carbohydrates. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5264-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gavin F. Painter
- Carbohydrate
Chemistry Team, Callaghan Innovation, PO
Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New
Zealand
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32
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Hubert M, Compton BJ, Hayman CM, Larsen DS, Painter GF, Rades T, Hook S. Physicochemical and biological characterization of synthetic phosphatidylinositol dimannosides and analogues. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1928-39. [PMID: 23469864 DOI: 10.1021/mp300707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Native phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), isolated from the cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis, and synthetic PIM analogues have been reported to offer a variety of immunomodulating properties, including both suppressive and stimulatory activity. While numerous studies have examined the biological activity of these molecules, the aim of this research was to assess the physicochemical properties at a molecular level and correlate these characteristics with biological activity in a mouse model of airway eosinophilia. To accomplish this, we varied the flexibility and lipophilicity of synthetic PIMs by changing the polar headgroup (inositol- vs glycerol-based core) and the length of the acyl chains of the fatty acid residues (C0, C10, C16, and C18). A series of six phosphatidylinositol dimannosides (PIM2s) and phosphatidylglycerol dimannosides (PGM2s) were synthesized and characterized in this study. Langmuir monolayer studies showed that surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms were greatly influenced by the length of the lipid acyl chains as well as the steric hindrance and volume of the headgroups. In aqueous solution, lipidated PIM2 and PGM2 compounds were observed to self-assemble into circular aggregates, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopic investigations. Removal of the inositol ring but retention of the three-carbon glycerol unit maintained biological activity. We found that the deacylated PGM2, which did not show self-organization, had no effect on the eosinophil numbers but did have an impact on the expansion of OVA-specific CD4(+) Vα2Vβ5 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Hubert
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Rankin GM, Compton BJ, Johnston KA, Hayman CM, Painter GF, Larsen DS. Synthesis and Mass Spectral Characterization of Mycobacterial Phosphatidylinositol and Its Dimannosides. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6743-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301189y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin J. Compton
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, P.O. Box 31310, Lower
Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Karen A. Johnston
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, P.O. Box 31310, Lower
Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Colin M. Hayman
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, P.O. Box 31310, Lower
Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, P.O. Box 31310, Lower
Hutt, New Zealand
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34
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Ainge GD, Martin WJ, Compton BJ, Hayman CM, Larsen DS, Yoon SI, Wilson IA, Harper JL, Painter GF. Synthesis and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside analogues. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7268-79. [PMID: 21936536 DOI: 10.1021/jm2008419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of five PIM(2) analogues were synthesized and tested for their ability to activate primary macrophages and modulate LPS signaling. Structural changes included replacement of the fatty acid esters of the phosphatidyl moiety of PIM(2) with the corresponding ether or amide. An AcPIM(2) analogue possessing an ether linkage was also prepared. The synthetic methodology utilized an orthogonally protected chiral myo-inositol starting material that was conveniently prepared from myo-inositol in just two steps. Important steps in the synthetic protocols included the regio- and α-selective glycosylation of inositol O-6 and introduction of the phosphodiester utilizing phosphoramidite chemistry. Replacement of the inositol core with a glycerol moiety gave compounds described as phosphatidylglycerol dimannosides (PGM(2)). Biological testing of these PIM compounds indicated that the agonist activity was TLR4 dependent. An ether linkage increased agonist activity. Removal of the inositol ring enhanced antagonist activity, and the presence of an additional lipid chain enhanced LPS-induced cytokine production in primary macrophages. Furthermore, the interruption of the LPS-induced 2:2 TLR4/MD-2 signaling complex formation by PIM(2) represents a previously unidentified mechanism involved in the bioactivity of PIM molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Ainge
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Ainge GD, Compton BJ, Hayman CM, Martin WJ, Toms SM, Larsen DS, Harper JL, Painter GF. Chemical synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4941-51. [PMID: 21574597 DOI: 10.1021/jo200588u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) isolated from mycobacteria have been identified as an important class of phosphoglycolipids with significant immune-modulating properties. We present here the synthesis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside (PIM(6)) 1 and the first reported functional biology of a synthetic PIM(6). Key steps in the synthetic protocol included the selective glycosylation of an inositol 2,6-diol with a suitably protected mannosyl donor and construction of the glycan core utilizing a [3 + 4] thio-glycosylation strategy. The target 1 was purified by reverse phase chromatography and characterized by standard spectroscopic methods, HPLC, and chemical modification by deacylation to dPIM(6). The (1)H NMR spectrum of synthetic dPIM(6) obtained from 1 matched that of dPIM(6) obtained from nature. PIM(6) (1) exhibited dendritic cell-dependent suppression of CD8(+) T cell expansion in a human mixed lymphocyte reaction consistent with the well established immunosuppressive activity of whole mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Ainge
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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36
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Feltham HLC, Klöwer F, Cameron SA, Larsen DS, Lan Y, Tropiano M, Faulkner S, Powell AK, Brooker S. A family of 13 tetranuclear zinc(ii)-lanthanide(iii) complexes of a [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycle derived from 1,4-diformyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzene. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:11425-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Harper JL, Hayman CM, Larsen DS, Painter GF, Singh-Gill G. A PIM₂ analogue suppresses allergic airway disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:917-25. [PMID: 21215641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two approaches for the synthesis of a phosphatidylinositol dimannoside (PIM₂) analogue 4 that mimics the suppressive activity of natural PIMs and also synthetic PIM₂ have been developed. This analogue, where the inositol core was replaced by glycerol, was tested for its ability to suppress cellular inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma and shown to be effective in suppressing airway eosinophilia. Suppression of all inflammatory cells monitored was observed, indicating a general blockade of cellular activity. These data indicate that the inositol core is not essential for this suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquie L Harper
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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38
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Denis M, Ainge GD, Larsen DS, Severn WB, Painter GF. A synthetic analogue of phosphatidylinositol mannoside is an efficient adjuvant. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 31:577-82. [PMID: 19874225 DOI: 10.3109/08923970902824862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We recently described the synthesis of an ether linked analogue of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside (PIM(2)ME). In the current study, PIM(2)ME was found to significantly enhance the release of the key Th1 cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) by dendritic cells (DCs) of naive mice in vitro, but not interleukin-10 (IL-10). Based on this result, it was hypothesized that PIM(2)ME would be an effective adjuvant for cell-mediated immune responses. Injections of PIM(2)ME alone did not lead to weight loss and did not have toxic side effects, based on biomarkers of toxicity in serum,demonstrating that the compound induced no apparent adverse side effects. Mice were vaccinated with the core antigens of the hepatitis C virus by itself or with three different adjuvants, namely PIM(2)ME, a commercial preparation of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) or a preparation of aluminium hydroxide gel (alum). A control group of animals received the antigen only with no adjuvants. Immune responses to the Hepatitis C viral antigens were monitored by measuring antigen-specific production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) to assess cell-mediated immune responses. Vaccination of mice with Hepatitis C viral antigens with the adjuvant PIM(2)ME led to a significant increase in cell-mediated immune responses (IFN-gamma and IL-12). Injection of Hepatitis C viral antigens in alum led to no enhancement of the cell-mediated immune response. We conclude that PIM(2)ME is an efficacious adjuvant for enhancing cell-mediated immunity, and induces no observable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Denis
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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39
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Parlane NA, Denis M, Severn WB, Skinner MA, Painter GF, La Flamme AC, Ainge GD, Larsen DS, Buddle BM. Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides are Efficient Mucosal Adjuvants. Immunol Invest 2009; 37:129-42. [DOI: 10.1080/08820130701690782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Denis M, Ainge GD, Larsen DS, Severn WB, Painter GF. A synthetic analogue of phosphatidylinositol mannoside is an efficient adjuvant. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970902824862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Osman H, Larsen DS, Simpson J. Synthesis of orthogonally protected d-olivoside, 1,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-benzyl-2,6-dideoxy-d-arabinopyranose, as a C-glycosyl donor. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Hellyer RM, Larsen DS, Brooker S. Cobalt and Silver Complexes of Terdentate Pyrazine-Based Amide Ligands and Assembly of Monocobalt Building Blocks through a Silver Connector. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Time-resolved measurement of population dynamics extending over femtosecond to millisecond time scales typically requires a combination of transient absorption techniques involving different laser systems and detection schemes. The spectrometer design presented here facilitates transient absorption measurements over 12 decades with a single ultrafast laser system by picking pump and probe pulses independently from the laser oscillator pulse train. Unamplified pulses seed a photonic crystal fiber to a supercontinuum probe source for spectrally resolved measurements. The utility of the system is demonstrated by measuring triplet state dynamics following photoexcitation of vitamin B(6) in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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44
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Feltham HLC, Larsen DS, Brooker S. A hexanuclear iron(iii) complex of a hexadentate fully conjugated diimine ligand derived from 1,4-diformyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzene. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Osman H, Larsen DS, Hanton LR, Simpson J. Phenyl 2,3- O-isopropylidene-1-thio-α- D-rhamnopyranoside. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o24-5. [PMID: 21200806 PMCID: PMC2914986 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536807061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C15H20O4S, a dioxolane ring is fused to the pyran ring of the sugar which carries a thiophenyl substituent on the anomeric C atom. The dioxolane ring adopts an envelope conformation and the pyran ring system a distorted 4C1 chair. The structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers that generate an R22(10) ring motif. Additional C—H⋯O interactions form an extended network. Two C atoms of the phenyl ring are disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are ca. 0.7 and 0.3.
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Ainge GD, Parlane NA, Denis M, Dyer BS, Härer A, Hayman CM, Larsen DS, Painter GF. Phosphatidylinositol Mannoside Ether Analogues: Syntheses and Interleukin-12-Inducing Properties. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5291-6. [PMID: 17559276 DOI: 10.1021/jo070639m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) isolated from mycobacteria have been identified as an important class of glycolipids with significant immune modulating properties. We present here the syntheses of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside ether analogues 2 and 3 and evaluate their interleukin-12 (IL-12)-inducing properties along with dipalmitoyl PIM2 (1) in an in vitro bovine dendritic cell assay. Both synthetic PIM analogues and synthetic dipalmitoyl PIM2 (1) were effective at enhancing IL-12 production by immature bovine dendritic cells. Unexpectedly, ether analogue 2 was significantly more active than dipalmitoyl PIM2 (1) which indicates that modified PIM compounds can be strongly immunoactive and may have significant adjuvant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Ainge
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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48
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Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(6)H(6)N(4), comprises one and a half molecules with a C(2) axis through the second molecule. Each molecule consists of two planar five-membered rings connected by a triazole-pyrrole N-N bond with the triazole ring close to being at right angles to the pyrrole ring. The molecules are linked by C-H...N hydrogen bonds and weaker offset face-to-face pi-pi interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Hellyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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49
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Abstract
(R)-tuberculostearic acid (2) was synthesized in seven steps from (S)-citronellol (5). The carbon chain of 2 was assembled by copper-catalyzed cross coupling of (S)-citronellol tosylate (6) and hexylmagnesium bromide; subsequent ozonolysis and reaction with 6-benzyloxyhexylmagnesium bromide furnished alcohol 10. Functional group manipulation afforded (R)-2 in 49% overall yield from 5. DCC coupling of (R)-2 with 3-O-benzyl-1-O-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol (16), followed by hydrogenolytic removal of the benzyl group and treatment with benzyl bis(diisopropyl)phosphoramidite, afforded phosphoramidite 20. Tetrazole-mediated coupling of 20 with PIM1 head group 21 gave 22, and subsequent debenzylation afforded phosphatidylinositol mono-mannoside, PIM1 (23). Similarly, coupling of 20 and 24 and removal of the benzyl protecting groups gave PIM2 (1c). Both 23 and 1c have a clearly defined acylation pattern, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry, with sn-1 palmitoyl and sn-2 tuberculostearoyl groups on the glycerol moiety. Both 23 and 1c were shown to modulate the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-12, in a dendritic cell assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake S Dyer
- University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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50
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de Geest DJ, Noble A, Moubaraki B, Murray KS, Larsen DS, Brooker S. Dicopper(II) complexes of a new pyrazolate-containing Schiff-base macrocycle and related acyclic ligand. Dalton Trans 2006:467-75. [PMID: 17213932 DOI: 10.1039/b614637f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dicopper(II) complexes of two new 3,5-disubstituted-pyrazole-based ligands, bis(quadridentate) macrocyclic ligand (L1)(2-) and bis(terdentate) acyclic ligand (L2)(-), were synthesised by Schiff base condensation of 3,5-diformylpyrazole and either one equivalent of 1,3-diaminopropane or two equivalents of 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine in the presence of one or two equivalents of copper(II) ions, respectively. Copper(II) acetate monohydrate was employed in the synthesis of [Cu(2)(L1)(OAc)(2)], [Cu(2)(L2)(H(2)O)(2)(OAc)(3)] and [Cu(II)(2)(L1)(NCS)(2)]; in the last of these one equivalent of NaNCS per copper(II) ion was also added. The fourth complex, [Cu(2)(L2)(NCS)(2)(DMF)]BF(4), was prepared using copper(II) tetrafluoroborate hexahydrate, along with two equivalents of NaOH and six of NaSCN. All four of these dimetallic complexes have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction: the two macrocyclic complexes are the first such Schiff base complexes to be so characterised. A feature common to all four of the structures is bridging of the two copper(II) centres by the pyrazolate moiety/moieties. The structure determinations show that the coordination mode of the acetate groups in both [Cu(2)(L1)(OAc)(2)].2MeOH.H(2)O and [Cu(2)(L2)(H(2)O)(2)(OAc)(3)] is unidentate as had been tentatively predicted by analysis of the infrared spectra (DeltaOCO of 199 and 208 cm(-1), respectively). The magnetochemical studies of the macrocyclic complexes, over the temperature range 4-300 K, revealed strong antiferromagnetic coupling with J = -169 and -213 cm(-1) for [Cu(2)(L1)(OAc)(2)].2H(2)O and [Cu(II)(2)(L1)(NCS)(2)].DMF respectively. The J values have been discussed in relation to a published correlation involving the CuN(pyrazolate)N(pyrazolate) angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J de Geest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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