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Montuori P, Loperto I, Paolo C, Castrianni D, Nubi R, De Rosa E, Palladino R, Triassi M. Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:147. [PMID: 34819149 PMCID: PMC8613966 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among athletes, bodybuilders are more predisposed to the use of dietary supplements (DS) and hormones (H) to increase in adaptations to physical training and performance. The purpose of the study was to identify social, psychological, and organisational factors that are associated with the use of food supplements and hormones in young bodybuilders of the metropolitan area of Naples. METHODS 107 athletes, practicing bodybuilding, were consecutively recruited in 30 gyms, randomly selected in the metropolitan area of Naples. Athletes were administered an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 sections (socio-demographic, frequency and reasons for bodybuilding, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours). Descriptive statistics were performed using T-test and Chi-square statistics. A score was created for knowledge, attitudes, behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess association between each score and the use of DS and H. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA 15. RESULTS 81.31% of the subjects reported to use DS while 35.51% H. Females are less likely to practise bodybuilding frequently than males (OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.05-0.69), p = 0.01). Subjects who have attended high school or university have a lower probability of taking DS (OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.04-0.65), p = 0.01). H users also use supplements more frequently (OR 61.21 (95% CI 3.99-939.31), p < 0.001). Those who scored higher on knowledge scores are more likely to take DS (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.11-2.12), p < 0.001). Attitudes are correlated with the use of DS; those who scored higher were less likely to use DS (OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.30-0.98), p = 0.03). People who use DS are 30 times more likely to use H at the same time (OR 30.25 (95% CI 2.51-365.24), p < 0.001). Subjects who have a higher score for knowledge and attitudes are less likely to use H (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.54-0.87), p < 0.001, OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-0.90), p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of H and DS' use, although lower than reported in the literature, is a worrying public health problem. Better knowledge can lead to an informed use. Gym instructors should be trained to provide accurate and scientifically sound information. Health professionals should combine their expertise to provide more comprehensive guidance to the exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Loperto
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmine Paolo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Castrianni
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Nubi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira De Rosa
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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De Pascale T, Alfano R, Barbieri O, Carannante I, Marra F, Schiavone D, Gentile L, Castrianni D, D'Onofrio G, Buonocore G, Passione A, Santangelo M, Triassi M, Rubba F. [Organ donation and transplantation: the "friendly access initiative" in the Federico II Hospital (Naples), between nudging and narrative medicine]. Epidemiol Prev 2018; 42:364-368. [PMID: 30370739 DOI: 10.19191/ep18.5-6.p364.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Italy, to show the willingness to donate one's organs, there is the principle of the explicit consensus (or disagreement) (Law n. 91 of the 01.04.1999, Art. 23; Decree of the Italian Health Ministry of the 08.04.2000). According to data of the Italian Association for the donation of organs, tissues and cells (AIDO), in 2017 in Campania Region (Southern Italy) an average of 12.5 people x1,000,000 donated their organs vs. a national average of 23.7. This negative discrepancy between national and regional data highlights that it is imperative to promote awareness-raising measures to address to the population of Campania Region in order to improve the following of a practice which is still object of preconceptions and scarce knowledge. This paper describes a pilot project started in 2017 by the "Sportello amico trapianti" (friendly access to transplantation) to promote the donation of organs within the university-hospital "Federico II" (Naples, Campania Region). The first phase of this project was based on the nudge theory, that is the "little push" to direct decisional processes of groups and individuals. This phase took place during the "Atelier della salute" (a health workshop), organized by the Medicine and Surgery school of the university-hospital "Federico II": here, a questionnaire was administered to 60 people. The questionnaire consisted in 12 questions, answered by volunteers, which aim was to test the general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation. Analysing the answers, a panel of 7 experts (2 epidemiologists, 1 social worker, 2 experts in public and institutional communication, 1 biologist expert in donation of haematopoietic progenitor cell, 1 transplant surgeon), responsible for the coordination and monitoring of the activities, identified the critical elements to bring attention to in order to raise awareness in the population. The second phase consisted in a literary workshop which aim was to identify nudge cases. The text used was Never let me go by Kazuo Ishiguro, a novel focused on organ donation in a dystopic context where the protagonists are clones created to facilitate the donation of organs. Six students participated in this workshop: all six considered the dystopic scenario as a potential nudge to humanize the approach to organ donation and transplant. In conclusion, we believe that the nudge methodology may be used in order to improve awareness and adherence to donation of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Oriana Barbieri
- Direzione, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | | | - Filomena Marra
- Direzione, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | | | - Laura Gentile
- Centro di ricerca CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Davide Castrianni
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | | | | | | | - Michele Santangelo
- Unità di trapianto del rene, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Maria Triassi
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Fabiana Rubba
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli;
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Alfano R, Palladino R, Risitano A, De Pascale T, Raia M, Castrianni D, Scamardo MS, Cerbone V, Schiavone D, D'Onofrio G, Buonocore G, Triassi M, Del Vecchio L, Rubba F. [Network references for rare diseases: state of the art for the paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. Epidemiol Prev 2018; 42:333-343. [PMID: 30370735 DOI: 10.19191/ep18.5-6.p333.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND recently, healthcare network models have been proposed to improve general awareness of rare diseases for patients and specific knowledge about diagnosis, treatment, and management for healthcare services. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare haematological disease that still has no framing in an official network. OBJECTIVES to describe the use of network models in diagnosis, treatment, and management of PNH patients both in Italy and abroad and its impact on patients and healthcare service. DISEGN: literature search was performed using the keywords "Hemoglobinuria", "Network", "PHN", and "Screening" in both MedLine and EMBASE. Search was restricted to the articles published in the last 5 years and written in English, French or Italian language. RESULTS from the total 251 articles of the initial search, only 21 were finally included in our review. None of the included study explicitly described a network model. In general, we were able to identify two different kind of networks implicitly described in the studies: laboratory networks for diagnostic harmonization or screening of the population at risk of PNH (10/21 studies) and PNH registry as network of clinical information to be use for better understanding of the natural history of the disease and to assess therapeutic effectiveness (11/21 studies). CONCLUSIONS few network approaches in PNH diagnosis, treatment, and management are described in literature. Despite the scarce application of the networks, our review highlights the positive impact that networks have in both patients and healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Alfano
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Raffele Palladino
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Antonio Risitano
- UOC ematologia, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Teresa De Pascale
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Maddalena Raia
- Centro di ricerca CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Davide Castrianni
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Marina Silvia Scamardo
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Vincenza Cerbone
- Centro di ricerca CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | | | | | | | - Maria Triassi
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- Centro di ricerca CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Fabiana Rubba
- Dipartimento di sanità pubblica, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria "Federico II", Napoli;
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Risitano A, Raia M, Castrianni D, Scamardo MS, Schiavone D, Buonocore G, D'Onofrio G, Triassi M, Del Vecchio L, Rubba F. Network levels and Public health potential: the case –study of PNH an hematologic rare disease. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Risitano
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M Raia
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - MS Scamardo
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - D Schiavone
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G Buonocore
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G D'Onofrio
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M Triassi
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - F Rubba
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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