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Shelley I, Haldar D, Piper K, Baldassarri M, Leibold A, Hines K, Reyes M, Williams J, Farrell C, Mahtabfar A. Introducing a novel hybrid educational boot camp to augment medical student training in neurosurgery. J Neurosurg 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38728756 DOI: 10.3171/2024.2.jns232832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurosurgery subinternships are a critical portion of the medical student application to neurosurgery residency programs, allowing programs to assess the student's clinical knowledge, interpersonal skills, work ethic, and character. Despite how critical these auditions are, many students have a poor understanding of expectations prior to beginning these subinternships. Thomas Jefferson University hosted a combined in-person and virtual boot camp session open to all medical students interested in neurosurgery. The authors sought to determine the effectiveness of this inaugural course. METHODS A total of 304 registered participants were sent a survey assessing their attitudes toward neurosurgery subinternships, beliefs about their abilities, and their comfort with various neurosurgical skills. All participants were sent a postsession survey composed of the same questions. The mean scores for responses to pre- and postsession survey questions were recorded based on graduating year and by medical school type (US allopathic [US MD], US osteopathic [US DO], or foreign degree/international medical graduate [IMG]). Differences in means between pre- and postsession survey responses were analyzed using the Student t-test, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 112 presession surveys and 64 postsession surveys were completed, yielding a presession survey response rate of 36.8% and a postsession survey response rate of 21.1%. Seventy-five percent of the postsession survey respondents attended virtually, and 25% were in-person. US MD, US DO, and IMG attendees demonstrated a significantly increased understanding of the expectations of a neurosurgery subintern (p < 0.001). All students had significantly increased confidence in their ability to succeed as subinterns (US MD students and IMGs p < 0.001, US DO students p < 0.05). Regarding procedural confidence, US MD students had increased confidence in craniotomies and cranial plating (p < 0.001). When comparing responses by graduation year, students in the classes of 2024 and 2025 (rising 4th-year and rising 3rd-year medical students, respectively) demonstrated significantly increased understanding of expectations and confidence in their ability to succeed (< 0.001). Seventy-five percent of our postsession survey respondents attended virtually, and 25% were in-person. The in-person cohort had greater improvements in comfort with procedures such as craniotomies, cranial plating, and extraventricular drain placement (in-person vs Zoom mean differences: craniotomies and cranial plating, -2.29, extraventricular drain placement, -2.31) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The boot camp successfully delineated the expectations of neurosurgery subinterns and enhanced the attendees' confidence in their abilities. The authors concluded that a hybrid virtual and in-person format is beneficial and feasible in increasing accessibility to information about neurosurgery subinternships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keenan Piper
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Baldassarri
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Leibold
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin Hines
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Christopher Farrell
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aria Mahtabfar
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kazerooni AF, Khalili N, Liu X, Haldar D, Jiang Z, Anwar SM, Albrecht J, Adewole M, Anazodo U, Anderson H, Bagheri S, Baid U, Bergquist T, Borja AJ, Calabrese E, Chung V, Conte GM, Dako F, Eddy J, Ezhov I, Familiar A, Farahani K, Haldar S, Iglesias JE, Janas A, Johansen E, Jones BV, Kofler F, LaBella D, Lai HA, Leemput KV, Li HB, Maleki N, McAllister AS, Meier Z, Menze B, Moawad AW, Nandolia KK, Pavaine J, Piraud M, Poussaint T, Prabhu SP, Reitman Z, Rodriguez A, Rudie JD, Sanchez-Montano M, Shaikh IS, Shah LM, Sheth N, Shinohara RT, Tu W, Viswanathan K, Wang C, Ware JB, Wiestler B, Wiggins W, Zapaishchykova A, Aboian M, Bornhorst M, de Blank P, Deutsch M, Fouladi M, Hoffman L, Kann B, Lazow M, Mikael L, Nabavizadeh A, Packer R, Resnick A, Rood B, Vossough A, Bakas S, Linguraru MG. The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge 2023: Focus on Pediatrics (CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs). ArXiv 2024:arXiv:2305.17033v6. [PMID: 37292481 PMCID: PMC10246083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric tumors of the central nervous system are the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. The five-year survival rate for high-grade gliomas in children is less than 20\%. Due to their rarity, the diagnosis of these entities is often delayed, their treatment is mainly based on historic treatment concepts, and clinical trials require multi-institutional collaborations. The MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge is a landmark community benchmark event with a successful history of 12 years of resource creation for the segmentation and analysis of adult glioma. Here we present the CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge, which represents the first BraTS challenge focused on pediatric brain tumors with data acquired across multiple international consortia dedicated to pediatric neuro-oncology and clinical trials. The BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge focuses on benchmarking the development of volumentric segmentation algorithms for pediatric brain glioma through standardized quantitative performance evaluation metrics utilized across the BraTS 2023 cluster of challenges. Models gaining knowledge from the BraTS-PEDs multi-parametric structural MRI (mpMRI) training data will be evaluated on separate validation and unseen test mpMRI dataof high-grade pediatric glioma. The CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge brings together clinicians and AI/imaging scientists to lead to faster development of automated segmentation techniques that could benefit clinical trials, and ultimately the care of children with brain tumors.
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Familiar AM, Kazerooni AF, Anderson H, Lubneuski A, Viswanathan K, Breslow R, Khalili N, Bagheri S, Haldar D, Kim MC, Arif S, Madhogarhia R, Nguyen TQ, Frenkel EA, Helili Z, Harrison J, Farahani K, Linguraru MG, Bagci U, Velichko Y, Stevens J, Leary S, Lober RM, Campion S, Smith AA, Morinigo D, Rood B, Diamond K, Pollack IF, Williams M, Vossough A, Ware JB, Mueller S, Storm PB, Heath AP, Waanders AJ, Lilly J, Mason JL, Resnick AC, Nabavizadeh A. A multi-institutional pediatric dataset of clinical radiology MRIs by the Children's Brain Tumor Network. ArXiv 2023:arXiv:2310.01413v1. [PMID: 38106459 PMCID: PMC10723526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric brain and spinal cancers remain the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Advancements in clinical decision-support in pediatric neuro-oncology utilizing the wealth of radiology imaging data collected through standard care, however, has significantly lagged other domains. Such data is ripe for use with predictive analytics such as artificial intelligence (AI) methods, which require large datasets. To address this unmet need, we provide a multi-institutional, large-scale pediatric dataset of 23,101 multi-parametric MRI exams acquired through routine care for 1,526 brain tumor patients, as part of the Children's Brain Tumor Network. This includes longitudinal MRIs across various cancer diagnoses, with associated patient-level clinical information, digital pathology slides, as well as tissue genotype and omics data. To facilitate downstream analysis, treatment-naïve images for 370 subjects were processed and released through the NCI Childhood Cancer Data Initiative via the Cancer Data Service. Through ongoing efforts to continuously build these imaging repositories, our aim is to accelerate discovery and translational AI models with real-world data, to ultimately empower precision medicine for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Anderson
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aliaksandr Lubneuski
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthik Viswanathan
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rocky Breslow
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meen Chul Kim
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherjeel Arif
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Madhogarhia
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thinh Q. Nguyen
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Frenkel
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeinab Helili
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Harrison
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Marius George Linguraru
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ulas Bagci
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yury Velichko
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stevens
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Leary
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert M. Lober
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Stephani Campion
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amy A. Smith
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Denise Morinigo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian Rood
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly Diamond
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ian F. Pollack
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Williams
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, NeuroOncology, and Transplant, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Ware
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison P. Heath
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela J. Waanders
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, NeuroOncology, and Transplant, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jena Lilly
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Mason
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam C. Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bagheri S, Taghvaei M, Familiar A, Haldar D, Zandifar A, Khalili N, Vossough A, Nabavizadeh A. Statistical plots in oncologic imaging, a primer for neuroradiologists. Neuroradiol J 2023:19714009231193158. [PMID: 37529843 DOI: 10.1177/19714009231193158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The simplest approach to convey the results of scientific analysis, which can include complex comparisons, is typically through the use of visual items, including figures and plots. These statistical plots play a critical role in scientific studies, making data more accessible, engaging, and informative. A growing number of visual representations have been utilized recently to graphically display the results of oncologic imaging, including radiomic and radiogenomic studies. Here, we review the applications, distinct properties, benefits, and drawbacks of various statistical plots. Furthermore, we provide neuroradiologists with a comprehensive understanding of how to use these plots to effectively communicate analytical results based on imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bagheri
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Taghvaei
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alireza Zandifar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Khalili N, Kazerooni AF, Familiar A, Haldar D, Kraya A, Foster J, Koptyra M, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Nabavizadeh A. Radiomics for characterization of the glioma immune microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:59. [PMID: 37337080 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that besides mutational and molecular alterations, the immune component of the tumor microenvironment also substantially impacts tumor behavior and complicates treatment response, particularly to immunotherapies. Although the standard method for characterizing tumor immune profile is through performing integrated genomic analysis on tissue biopsies, the dynamic change in the immune composition of the tumor microenvironment makes this approach not feasible, especially for brain tumors. Radiomics is a rapidly growing field that uses advanced imaging techniques and computational algorithms to extract numerous quantitative features from medical images. Recent advances in machine learning methods are facilitating biological validation of radiomic signatures and allowing them to "mine" for a variety of significant correlates, including genetic, immunologic, and histologic data. Radiomics has the potential to be used as a non-invasive approach to predict the presence and density of immune cells within the microenvironment, as well as to assess the expression of immune-related genes and pathways. This information can be essential for patient stratification, informing treatment decisions and predicting patients' response to immunotherapies. This is particularly important for tumors with difficult surgical access such as gliomas. In this review, we provide an overview of the glioma microenvironment, describe novel approaches for clustering patients based on their tumor immune profile, and discuss the latest progress on utilization of radiomics for immune profiling of glioma based on current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Khalili
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- AI2D Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Kraya
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Foster
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Fathi Kazerooni A, Arif S, Madhogarhia R, Khalili N, Haldar D, Bagheri S, Familiar AM, Anderson H, Haldar S, Tu W, Kim MC, Viswanathan K, Muller S, Prados M, Kline C, Vidal L, Aboian M, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Ware JB, Vossough A, Davatzikos C, Nabavizadeh A. Automated Tumor Segmentation and Brain Tissue Extraction from Multiparametric MRI of Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Multi-Institutional Study. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad027. [PMID: 37051331 PMCID: PMC10084501 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related death among all childhood cancers. Tumor segmentation is essential in surgical and treatment planning, and response assessment and monitoring. However, manual segmentation is time-consuming and has high interoperator variability. We present a multi-institutional deep learning-based method for automated brain extraction and segmentation of pediatric brain tumors based on multi-parametric MRI scans.
Methods
Multi-parametric scans (T1w, T1w-CE, T2, and T2-FLAIR) of 244 pediatric patients (n=215 internal and n=29 external cohorts) with de novo brain tumors, including a variety of tumor subtypes, were preprocessed and manually segmented to identify the brain tissue and tumor subregions into four tumor subregions, i.e., enhancing tumor (ET), non-enhancing tumor (NET), cystic components (CC), and peritumoral edema (ED). The internal cohort was split into training (n=151), validation (n=43), and withheld internal test (n=21) subsets. DeepMedic, a three-dimensional convolutional neural network, was trained and the model parameters were tuned. Finally, the network was evaluated on the withheld internal and external test cohorts.
Results
Dice similarity score (median±SD) was 0.91±0.10/0.88±0.16 for the whole tumor, 0.73±0.27/0.84±0.29 for ET, 0.79±19/0.74±0.27 for union of all non-enhancing components (i.e., NET, CC, ED), and 0.98±0.02 for brain tissue in both internal/external test sets.
Conclusions
Our proposed automated brain extraction and tumor subregion segmentation models demonstrated accurate performance on segmentation of the brain tissue and whole tumor regions in pediatric brain tumors and can facilitate detection of abnormal regions for further clinical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- AI2D Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Sherjeel Arif
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Rachel Madhogarhia
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana M Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Hannah Anderson
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuvanjan Haldar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick , NJ, USA
| | - Wenxin Tu
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Meen Chul Kim
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Karthik Viswanathan
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Sabine Muller
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA, USA
| | - Michael Prados
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA, USA
| | - Cassie Kline
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Lorenna Vidal
- Division of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Mariam Aboian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Ware
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- AI2D Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia , PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Haldar D, Kazerooni AF, Arif S, Familiar A, Madhogarhia R, Khalili N, Bagheri S, Anderson H, Shaikh IS, Mahtabfar A, Kim MC, Tu W, Ware J, Vossough A, Davatzikos C, Storm PB, Resnick A, Nabavizadeh A. Unsupervised machine learning using K-means identifies radiomic subgroups of pediatric low-grade gliomas that correlate with key molecular markers. Neoplasia 2023; 36:100869. [PMID: 36566592 PMCID: PMC9803939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite advancements in molecular and histopathologic characterization of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs), there remains significant phenotypic heterogeneity among tumors with similar categorizations. We hypothesized that an unsupervised machine learning approach based on radiomic features may reveal distinct pLGG imaging subtypes. METHODS Multi-parametric MR images (T1 pre- and post-contrast, T2, and T2 FLAIR) from 157 patients with pLGGs were collected and 881 quantitative radiomic features were extracted from tumorous region. Clustering was performed using K-means after applying principal component analysis (PCA) for feature dimensionality reduction. Molecular and demographic data was obtained from the PedCBioportal and compared between imaging subtypes. RESULTS K-means identified three distinct imaging-based subtypes. Subtypes differed in mutational frequencies of BRAF (p < 0.05) as well as the gene expression of BRAF (p<0.05). It was also found that age (p < 0.05), tumor location (p < 0.01), and tumor histology (p < 0.0001) differed significantly between the imaging subtypes. CONCLUSION In this exploratory work, it was found that clustering of pLGGs based on radiomic features identifies distinct, imaging-based subtypes that correlate with important molecular markers and demographic details. This finding supports the notion that incorporation of radiomic data could augment our ability to better characterize pLGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Haldar
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sherjeel Arif
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ariana Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel Madhogarhia
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah Anderson
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Aria Mahtabfar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meen Chul Kim
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenxin Tu
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jefferey Ware
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Neurological Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Kazerooni AF, Arif S, Madhogarhia R, Khalili N, Haldar D, Bagheri S, Familiar AM, Anderson H, Haldar S, Tu W, Kim MC, Viswanathan K, Muller S, Prados M, Kline C, Vidal L, Aboian M, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Ware JB, Vossough A, Davatzikos C, Nabavizadeh A. Automated Tumor Segmentation and Brain Tissue Extraction from Multiparametric MRI of Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Multi-Institutional Study. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.02.22284037. [PMID: 36711966 PMCID: PMC9882407 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.02.22284037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related death among all childhood cancers. Tumor segmentation is essential in surgical and treatment planning, and response assessment and monitoring. However, manual segmentation is time-consuming and has high interoperator variability. We present a multi-institutional deep learning-based method for automated brain extraction and segmentation of pediatric brain tumors based on multi-parametric MRI scans. Methods Multi-parametric scans (T1w, T1w-CE, T2, and T2-FLAIR) of 244 pediatric patients (n=215 internal and n=29 external cohorts) with de novo brain tumors, including a variety of tumor subtypes, were preprocessed and manually segmented to identify the brain tissue and tumor subregions into four tumor subregions, i.e., enhancing tumor (ET), non-enhancing tumor (NET), cystic components (CC), and peritumoral edema (ED). The internal cohort was split into training (n=151), validation (n=43), and withheld internal test (n=21) subsets. DeepMedic, a three-dimensional convolutional neural network, was trained and the model parameters were tuned. Finally, the network was evaluated on the withheld internal and external test cohorts. Results Dice similarity score (median±SD) was 0.91±0.10/0.88±0.16 for the whole tumor, 0.73±0.27/0.84±0.29 for ET, 0.79±19/0.74±0.27 for union of all non-enhancing components (i.e., NET, CC, ED), and 0.98±0.02 for brain tissue in both internal/external test sets. Conclusions Our proposed automated brain extraction and tumor subregion segmentation models demonstrated accurate performance on segmentation of the brain tissue and whole tumor regions in pediatric brain tumors and can facilitate detection of abnormal regions for further clinical measurements. Key Points We proposed automated tumor segmentation and brain extraction on pediatric MRI.The volumetric measurements using our models agree with ground truth segmentations. Importance of the Study The current response assessment in pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) is currently based on bidirectional or 2D measurements, which underestimate the size of non-spherical and complex PBTs in children compared to volumetric or 3D methods. There is a need for development of automated methods to reduce manual burden and intra- and inter-rater variability to segment tumor subregions and assess volumetric changes. Most currently available automated segmentation tools are developed on adult brain tumors, and therefore, do not generalize well to PBTs that have different radiological appearances. To address this, we propose a deep learning (DL) auto-segmentation method that shows promising results in PBTs, collected from a publicly available large-scale imaging dataset (Children's Brain Tumor Network; CBTN) that comprises multi-parametric MRI scans of multiple PBT types acquired across multiple institutions on different scanners and protocols. As a complementary to tumor segmentation, we propose an automated DL model for brain tissue extraction.
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Kazerooni AF, Madhogarhia R, Arif S, Ware JB, Bagheri S, Haldar D, Anderson H, Familiar A, Vidal L, Aboian M, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Vossough A, Davatzikos C, Nabavizadeh A. NIMG-102. RAPNO-DEFINED SEGMENTATION AND VOLUMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS ON MULTI-PARAMETRIC MRI SCANS USING DEEP LEARNING; A ROBUST TOOL WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN TUMOR RESPONSE ASSESSMENT. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9660634 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Volumetric measurements of whole tumor and its components on MRI scans, facilitated by automatic segmentation tools, are essential to reduce inter-observer variability in monitoring tumor progression and response assessment for pediatric brain tumors. Here, we present a fully automatic segmentation model based on deep learning that reliably delineates the tumor components recommended by the Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) working group for evaluation of treatment response. Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans (T1-pre, T1-post, T2, and T2-FLAIR), acquired on multiple MRI scanners with different field strengths and vendors, for a cohort of 218 pediatric patients with a variety of histologically confirmed brain tumor subtypes were collected. The mpMRI scans were co-registered and manually segmented by experienced neuroradiologists in consensus to identify the tumor subregions including the enhancing tumor (ET), non-enhancing tumor (NET), cystic components (CC), and peritumoral edema (ED) regions. A convolutional neural network model based on DeepMedic architecture was trained using mpMRI scans as the inputs for segmentation of the whole tumor and subregions. The trained model showed excellent performance in segmentation of the whole tumor, as suggested by median dice of 0.90/0.85 for validation (n = 44)/independent test (n = 22) sets. ET and non-enhancing components (union of NET, CC, and ED) were segmented with median dice scores of 0.78/0.84 and 0.76/0.74 for validation/test sets, respectively. The automated and manual segmentations demonstrated strong agreement in estimating VASARI (Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images) MRI features with Pearson’s correlation coefficient R > 0.75 (p < 0.0001) for ET, NET, CC, and ED components. Our proposed automated segmentation method developed based on MRI scans acquired with different protocols, equipment, and from a variety of brain tumor subtypes, shows potential application for reliable and generalizable volumetric measurements which can be used for treatment response assessment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey B Ware
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | - Hannah Anderson
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | - Lorenna Vidal
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | - Adam C Resnick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
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Kazerooni AF, Kraya AA, Kim MC, Khalili N, Arif S, Jin R, Rathi K, Familiar A, Madhogarhia R, Haldar D, Bagheri S, Anderson H, Shaikh IS, Haldar S, Ware JB, Vossough A, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Davatzikos C, Nabavizadeh A. NIMG-74. RADIOIMMUNOMIC SIGNATURES IN PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE GLIOMA BASED ON MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI SCANS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the immune microenvironment in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) patients may help in identification of the patients who benefit from anti-tumor immunotherapies. However, surgical resection is not feasible for many pLGG tumors in certain anatomical locations. Therefore, developing non-invasive tools that characterize the tumor microenvironment prior to therapeutic interventions could contribute to stratification and enrollment of the patients into relevant clinical trials. In this work, we derived radiomic signatures of immune profiles (radioimmunomics) based on machine learning (ML) analysis of readily available conventional MRI scans. Transcriptomic data for a cohort of 197 subjects was retrospectively collected from Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA). The patients were categorized into three groups (Group1-3) based on their immunological profiles using consensus clustering algorithm. This analysis revealed greater immune cell infiltration in non-BRAF mutated pLGGs. Group1 showed more enrichment in M1 macrophages, and microenvironment and immune scores compared to Group2 and Group3. Elevated tumor inflammation score (TIS), as a predictor of clinical response to anti-PD-1 blockade, was observed in Group1 compared to Group2 (p= 1.4e-7) and Group3 (p= 0.0054). Radiomic features, including volumetric, morphologic, histogram, and texture descriptors, were extracted from the segmented tumor regions on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) scans of 71 (of 197) patients. Multivariate ML models were trained to predict the three immunological groups based on radiomic features using cross-validated random forest classifier along with recursive feature elimination, which yielded AUC of 0.72 for this multi-class classification problem. Our findings indicate the presence of distinct immunological groups in pLGG tumors, with possibly more favorable response to immunotherapies in Group1 tumors. Furthermore, we developed radioimmunomic signatures based on pre-operative conventional mpMRI that can potentially stratify the patients based on their immune tumor microenvironment. Based on these initial promising results, we are exploring additional features to increase the accuracy of radioimmunomics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Komal Rathi
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | | | - Sina Bagheri
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Hannah Anderson
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | - Shuvanjan Haldar
- Rutgers University Department of Biomedical Engineering , Newark , USA
| | - Jeffrey B Ware
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | - Adam C Resnick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
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Familiar A, Zhao C, Kim MC, Khalili N, Madhogarhia R, Arif S, Bagheri S, Anderson H, Haldar D, Ware JB, Vossough A, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Kazerooni AF, Nabavizadeh A. NIMG-87. CHARACTERIZING IMMUNE PROFILES OF PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA AND THEIR RADIOLOGICAL CORRELATES. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661070 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent studies have shown preliminary evidence for differentiation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune landscape between molecularly-defined medulloblastoma (MB) subtypes. Identifying radiological correlates of these TME patterns could establish a non-invasive method of immune profile characterization for guiding patient-centered therapies. Here, we examine immune profiles between MB subtypes using data from Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA), and their relationship to tumor measurements from pre-operative MRIs. We identified a retrospective cohort of 94 pediatric MB patients with available molecular subtyping and immune profiles (36 cell types) from bulk gene expression data. A random forest analysis was used to classify the four MB subtypes based on immune profiles. Four cell types had high impact on classification performance: plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC; 25.8% accuracy decrease when randomized), hematopoietic stem cells (HSC; 21.9%), plasma B cells (20.3%), and cancer associated fibroblasts (18.8%). Pairwise comparisons revealed SHH and WNT tumors had significantly higher numbers of fibroblasts and HSCs compared to Group3/Group4. We also found novel evidence for significantly lower amounts of plasma B cells in the SHH group, and high PDC levels in Group4, followed by Group3, and low PDC in SHH/WNT. Multi-parametric MRI scans for 39 patients were used to segment tumor volumes. Overall tumor volume was significantly correlated with composite stroma scores (R = 0.34, p = 0.036). Additionally, patients with higher volumes of gadolinium contrast-enhancing compared to non-enhancing components had higher immune (R = 0.42, p = 0.009) and microenvironment (summed immune and stromal cell types; R = 0.44, p = 0.006) scores, regardless of their molecular subtype. Together, our results demonstrate: (1) the use of rich immune profiles for differentiating molecular subtypes of MB and their unique TME characterization; and (2) initial evidence for radiological correlates of these profiles based on pre-operative imaging collected through standard practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sina Bagheri
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey B Ware
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | - Adam C Resnick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
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Kazerooni AF, Arif S, Haldar D, Zhao C, Kim MC, Madhogarhia R, Familiar A, Bagheri S, Anderson H, Ware JB, Vossough A, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Davatzikos C, Nabavizadeh A. NIMG-62. RADIOMIC-BASED PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL STRATIFICATION OF PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE GLIOMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9660652 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) encompasses a variety of tumor subtypes with heterogeneous treatment response and relatively long progression-free survival (PFS). Radiomics may serve as a non-invasive and in-vivo tool for early prediction of PFS as a surrogate marker for treatment response and to objectively gauge the efficacy of novel treatment strategies. Here, we present a multivariate model based on radiomic features and clinical variables for risk stratification of pLGGs in terms of PFS and seek associations of the predicted risk groups and mutations in key molecular markers using data from PedCBioportal. Pre-operative multi-parametric MRI scans (T1-pre, T1-post, T2, T2-FLAIR) of 129 patients with newly diagnosed pLGG (median age, 7.76, range, 0.35-19.58 years; median PFS, 28.5, range, 1.1-124.8 months) were collected and quantitative radiomic features (n = 881) were extracted. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard’s (Cox-PH) regression model was fitted based on clinical (age, sex, and extent of tumor resection) and radiomic variables using 4-fold cross-validation. A subset of radiomic features (n = 27) that were most predictive of PFS was selected by applying Elastic Net regularization penalty during Cox-PH model fitting. High-, medium- and low-risk groups were determined based on model predictions. Cox-PH modeling showed excellent performance for prediction of PFS as suggested by the concordance index of 0.78. Radiogenomic assessment (data available in 94/129 patients) showed more enrichment of mutations in NF1 and RB1 genes in the high-risk group, as compared to the low- and medium-risk groups. We showed the potential value of radiomics in providing upfront prediction of PFS, which may further be used as an added treatment arm for early assessment of treatment response of the pLGG patients enrolled in the clinical trials. In the next step of this work, we will expand the cohort and cross-validate these results in an external cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | | | | | - Chao Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | | | - Sina Bagheri
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Hannah Anderson
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Jeffrey B Ware
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
| | | | | | - Adam C Resnick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA
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Kazerooni AF, Arif S, Haldar D, Madhogarhia R, Familiar A, Bagheri S, Anderson H, Ware JB, Vossough A, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Davatzikos C, Nabavizadeh A. IMG-15. Radiomic Profiling of Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Improves Risk Stratification Beyond Clinical Measures. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE: Treatment response is heterogeneous among patients with pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG), the most frequent childhood brain tumor. Upfront prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) may facilitate more personalized treatment planning and improve outcomes for the pLGG patients. In this work, we explored the additive value of radiomics to clinical measures for prediction of PFS in pLGGs. We further sought associations between the derived risk groups and underlying alterations in key genomic and transcriptomic variables. METHODS: Quantitative radiomic features were extracted from pre-operative multi-parametric MRI scans (T1, T1-post, T2, T2-FLAIR) of 96 patients with newly diagnosed pLGG (median age, 8.59, range, 0.35-18.87 years; median PFS, 25.23, range, 3.03-124.83 months). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard’s (Cox-PH) regression models were fitted using 5-fold cross-validation on a training cohort of 68 subjects and tested on 28 patients. Three models were generated using (1) only clinical variables (age, sex, and extent of tumor resection), (2) radiomic features, and (3) clinical and radiomic variables. The dimensionality of radiomic features in Cox-PH models was reduced by applying Elastic Net regularization penalty to identify a subset of variables that are most predictive of PFS. The patients were then stratified into three groups of high, medium, and low-risk based on model predictions. RESULTS: Cox-PH modeling resulted in a concordance index (c-index) of 0.55 for clinical data, 0.65 for radiomics, and 0.73 for a combination of clinical and radiomic variables, highlighting the additive value of radiomics to the readily available clinical information in prediction of PFS. Radiogenomic assessments revealed significant differences in expression of BRAF, NF1, TSC1, ALK (p<0.01), and RB1 (p<0.05) genes in the high-risk group, compared to the medium and low-risk groups. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the value of integrating radiomics with clinical measures to improve risk assessment of patients with pLGG through improved pretreatment prediction of PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Sherjeel Arif
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Rachel Madhogarhia
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ariana Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Hannah Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Jeffrey B Ware
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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14
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Madhogarhia R, Haldar D, Bagheri S, Familiar A, Anderson H, Arif S, Vossough A, Storm P, Resnick A, Davatzikos C, Fathi Kazerooni A, Nabavizadeh A. Radiomics and radiogenomics in pediatric neuro-oncology: A review. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac083. [PMID: 35795472 PMCID: PMC9252112 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current era of advanced computing has allowed for the development and implementation of the field of radiomics. In pediatric neuro-oncology, radiomics has been applied in determination of tumor histology, identification of disseminated disease, prognostication, and molecular classification of tumors (ie, radiogenomics). The field also comes with many challenges, such as limitations in study sample sizes, class imbalance, generalizability of the methods, and data harmonization across imaging centers. The aim of this review paper is twofold: first, to summarize existing literature in radiomics of pediatric neuro-oncology; second, to distill the themes and challenges of the field and discuss future directions in both a clinical and technical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Madhogarhia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ariana Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah Anderson
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sherjeel Arif
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phillip Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Haldar D, Glauser G, Schuster JM, Winter E, Goodrich S, Shultz K, Brem S, McClintock SD, Malhotra NR. Role of Race in Short-Term Outcomes for 1700 Consecutive Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Resection. J Healthc Qual 2021; 43:284-291. [PMID: 32544138 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to medical care seems to be impacted by race. However, the effect of race on outcomes, once care has been established, is poorly understood. PURPOSE This study seeks to assess the influence of race on patient outcomes in a brain tumor surgery population. IMPORTANCE AND RELEVANCE TO HEALTHCARE QUALITY This study offers insights to if or how quality is impacted based on patient race, after care has been established. Knowledge of disparities may serve as a valuable first step toward risk factor mitigation. METHODS Patients differing in race, but matched on other outcomes affecting characteristics, were assessed for differences in outcomes subsequent to brain tumor resection. Coarsened exact matching was used to match 1700 supratentorial brain tumor procedures performed over a 6-year period at a single, multihospital academic medical center. Patient outcomes assessed included unplanned readmission, mortality, emergency department (ED) visits, and unanticipated return to surgery. RESULTS There was no significant difference in readmissions, mortality, ED visits, return to surgery after index admission, or return to surgery within 30 days between the two races. CONCLUSION This study suggests that race does not independently influence postsurgical outcomes but may instead serve as a proxy for other closely related demographics.
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Haldar D, Glauser G, Winter E, Dimentberg R, Goodrich S, Shultz K, McClintock SD, Malhotra NR. The influence of race on outcomes following pituitary tumor resection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 203:106558. [PMID: 33640561 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of race on short-term patient outcomes in a pituitary tumor surgery population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Coarsened exact matching was used to retrospectively analyze consecutive patients (n = 567) undergoing pituitary tumor resection over a six-year period (June 07, 2013 to April 29, 2019) at a single, multi-hospital academic medical center. Black/African American and white patients were exact matched based on twenty-nine (29) patient, procedure, and hospital characteristics. Matching characteristics included surgical costs, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, duration of surgery, and Charlson Comorbidity Index, amongst others. Outcomes studied included unplanned 90-day readmission, emergency room (ER) evaluation, and unplanned reoperation. RESULTS Ninety-two (n = 92) patients were exact matched and analyzed. There was no significant difference in 90-day readmission (p = 0.267, OR (black/AA vs white) = 0.500, 95% CI = 0.131-1.653) or ER evaluation within 90 days (p = 0.092, OR = 3.000, 95% CI = 0.848-13.737) between the two cohorts. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the rate of unplanned reoperation throughout the duration of the follow up period between matched black/African American and white patients (p = 0.607, OR = 0.750, 95% CI = 0.243-2.211). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the effect of race on post-operative outcomes is largely mitigated when equal access is attained, and when race is effectively isolated from socioeconomic factors and comorbidities in a population undergoing pituitary tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Haldar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Gregory Glauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Eric Winter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Ryan Dimentberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Stephen Goodrich
- McKenna EpiLog Fellowship in Population Health at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; West Chester University, The West Chester Statistical Institute and Department of Mathematics, West Chester, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Shultz
- McKenna EpiLog Fellowship in Population Health at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; West Chester University, The West Chester Statistical Institute and Department of Mathematics, West Chester, PA, United States
| | - Scott D McClintock
- West Chester University, The West Chester Statistical Institute and Department of Mathematics, West Chester, PA, United States
| | - Neil R Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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Buch VP, Mensah-Brown KG, Germi JW, Park BJ, Madsen PJ, Borja AJ, Haldar D, Basenfelder P, Yoon JW, Schuster JM, Chen HCI. Development of an Intraoperative Pipeline for Holographic Mixed Reality Visualization During Spinal Fusion Surgery. Surg Innov 2020; 28:427-437. [PMID: 33382008 DOI: 10.1177/1553350620984339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Holographic mixed reality (HMR) allows for the superimposition of computer-generated virtual objects onto the operator's view of the world. Innovative solutions can be developed to enable the use of this technology during surgery. The authors developed and iteratively optimized a pipeline to construct, visualize, and register intraoperative holographic models of patient landmarks during spinal fusion surgery. Methods. The study was carried out in two phases. In phase 1, the custom intraoperative pipeline to generate patient-specific holographic models was developed over 7 patients. In phase 2, registration accuracy was optimized iteratively for 6 patients in a real-time operative setting. Results. In phase 1, an intraoperative pipeline was successfully employed to generate and deploy patient-specific holographic models. In phase 2, the registration error with the native hand-gesture registration was 20.2 ± 10.8 mm (n = 7 test points). Custom controller-based registration significantly reduced the mean registration error to 4.18 ± 2.83 mm (n = 24 test points, P < .01). Accuracy improved over time (B = -.69, P < .0001) with the final patient achieving a registration error of 2.30 ± .58 mm. Across both phases, the average model generation time was 18.0 ± 6.1 minutes (n = 6) for isolated spinal hardware and 33.8 ± 8.6 minutes (n = 6) for spinal anatomy. Conclusions. A custom pipeline is described for the generation of intraoperative 3D holographic models during spine surgery. Registration accuracy dramatically improved with iterative optimization of the pipeline and technique. While significant improvements and advancements need to be made to enable clinical utility, HMR demonstrates significant potential as the next frontier of intraoperative visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Buch
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kobina G Mensah-Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James W Germi
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Park
- Department of Radiology, 6572University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Austin J Borja
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Basenfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jang W Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James M Schuster
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Han-Chiao I Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 6572University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hancin EC, Borja AJ, Nikpanah M, Raynor WY, Haldar D, Werner TJ, Morris MA, Saboury B, Alavi A, Gholamrezanezhad A. PET/MR Imaging in Musculoskeletal Precision Imaging - Third wave after X-Ray and MR. PET Clin 2020; 15:521-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Haldar D, Glauser G, Winter E, Goodrich S, Shultz K, McClintock SD, Malhotra NR. Assessing the Role of Patient Race in Disparity of 90-Day Brain Tumor Resection Outcomes. World Neurosurg 2020; 139:e663-e671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Winter E, Haldar D, Glauser G, Caplan IF, Shultz K, McClintock SD, Chen HCI, Yoon JW, Malhotra NR. The LACE+ Index as a Predictor of 90-Day Supratentorial Tumor Surgery Outcomes. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:1181-1190. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The LACE+ (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] score, and Emergency department [ED] visits in the past 6 mo) index risk-prediction tool has never been successfully tested in a neurosurgery population.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the ability of LACE+ to predict adverse outcomes after supratentorial brain tumor surgery.
METHODS
LACE+ scores were retrospectively calculated for all patients (n = 624) who underwent surgery for supratentorial tumors at the University of Pennsylvania Health System (2017-2019). Confounding variables were controlled with coarsened exact matching. The frequency of unplanned hospital readmission, ED visits, and death was compared for patients with different LACE+ score quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4).
RESULTS
A total of 134 patients were matched between Q1 and Q4; 152 patients were matched between Q2 and Q4; and 192 patients were matched between Q3 and Q4. Patients with higher LACE+ scores were significantly more likely to be readmitted within 90 d (90D) of discharge for Q1 vs Q4 (21.88% vs 46.88%, P = .005) and Q2 vs Q4 (27.03% vs 55.41%, P = .001). Patients with larger LACE+ scores also had significantly increased risk of 90D ED visits for Q1 vs Q4 (13.33% vs 30.00%, P = .027) and Q2 vs Q4 (22.54% vs 39.44%, P = .039). LACE+ score also correlated with death within 90D of surgery for Q2 vs Q4 (2.63% vs 15.79%, P = .003) and with death at any point after surgery/during follow-up for Q1 vs Q4 (7.46% vs 28.36%, P = .002), Q2 vs Q4 (15.79% vs 31.58%, P = .011), and Q3 vs Q4 (18.75% vs 31.25%, P = .047).
CONCLUSION
LACE+ may be suitable for characterizing risk of certain perioperative events in a patient population undergoing supratentorial brain tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Winter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory Glauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian F Caplan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaitlyn Shultz
- McKenna EpiLog Fellowship in Population Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The West Chester Statistical Institute, Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott D McClintock
- The West Chester Statistical Institute, Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Han-Chiao Isaac Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jang W Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil R Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- McKenna EpiLog Fellowship in Population Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Glauser G, Winter E, Caplan IF, Haldar D, Goodrich S, McClintock SD, Guzzo TJ, Malhotra NR. The LACE + index as a predictor of 90-day urologic surgery outcomes. World J Urol 2020; 38:2783-2790. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-03064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV/AIDS can lead to poverty affecting particularly women and young people and can halt or reverse socioeconomic development of a country. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the socioeconomic consequences of HIV/AIDS within the family. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients admitted in in-patient department and those attending integrated counseling and testing centre (ICTC) of School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. Data were gathered by interviewing the patients by using a predesigned questionnaire. RESULTS For prolonged duration and severity of disease, higher proportion of indoor patients reported loss of job, decreased family income, increased expenditure for care seeking, and faced greater economic consequences, reflected by selling assets. Loss of job was mainly due to illness (86.8%), disclosure of sero-status (13.2%), and predominantly among skilled workers. Assets were sold mainly to meet the cost of own illness for indoor patients, but more to meet the expenditure for husband's illness, in the case of ICTC patients. High school dropout seen in both groups was mainly due to economic reasons. HIV/AIDS status was known to other members of family for 84.8% of indoor patients out of which 15.4% experienced rejection by family members. Out of 72 ever married women indoor patients whose in-laws were aware of their HIV/AIDS status, 41.7%, 40.9%, and 33.33% reportedly were blamed for spouse's illness, and had strained relation with in-laws and spouse, respectively. CONCLUSION Intensive behavior change communication and provision of care and support are required to curb AIDS-related stigma, discrimination, and to maintain physical, mental, and social wellbeing of people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Taraphdar
- Department of Community Medicine, RGKMC, Kolkata, India
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Lahiri SK, Haldar D, Chowdhury SP, Sarkar GN, Bhadury S, Datta UK. Junctures to the therapeutic goal of diabetes mellitus: Experience in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata. J Midlife Health 2011; 2:31-6. [PMID: 21897737 PMCID: PMC3156499 DOI: 10.4103/0976-7800.83271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The World Health Organization has declared India as the “diabetic capital” of the world. In controlling of such chronic, mostly asymptomatic disease, patients’ role can’t be overemphasized. Aims: To assess the level of compliance to anti-diabetic therapies and to ascertain the determinants of non-compliance, if any. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted for 3 months in a diabetic clinic of R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. Data were collected by interviewing the patients, examining their prescriptions and laboratory reports and anthropometry after obtaining informed consent. Results: Blood report at the point of data collection revealed controlled glucose homeostasis in 38.93% patients but evaluation of past 3 months report showed only 24.3% had control over hyperglycemia. Glycemic control was seen to be positively related to short duration of disease, compliance to therapies, and high knowledge about diabetes. Compliance to therapies found in 32.22% of study subjects was in turn associated with short duration of disease. House-wives showed poor compliance; insulin treatment with or without oral-anti-diabetic agent showed better compliance. Knowledge of diabetes was significantly high among higher educated; poor among women, house-wives, and rural people. Conclusion: Patient-providers collaboration is to be developed through a patient-centered care model based on the mutual responsibility of both so that each patient is considered in the mesh of his/her other goals of life and helped to promote empowerment to take informed decision for behavioral change conducive to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lahiri
- Department of Community Medicine, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-old practice "using tobacco" is a well known major global concern as it victimizes all its lovers by a host of chronic noncommunicable diseases including cancer; all develop very slowly and silently, and can cause premature death. OBJECTIVES To assess the pattern of tobacco use among the medical and nonmedical college students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Kolkata collecting anonymous data from 515 medical and 349 nonmedical college students of two medical and two general colleges, selected randomly. RESULT Overall prevalence of tobacco use (18.3% vs 43.6%) and smoking (14.9% vs 40.7%) were significantly less in medical subjects, both across the sex and years of study. Lower rate of tobacco adoption at college level, higher quitting rate, correct knowledge regarding uselessness of filter attached with cigarette, and ill-effects of tobacco consumption were observed among medical participants. More nonmedical subjects were increasingly smoking compared to medical students. Filter-tipped cigarette was the top choice, and smoking was more prevalent mode of use among the nonmedical participants, most (62.3%) of whom were mild users. Curiosity was the top influencing factor for the initiation of tobacco use and two-third users wanted to quit. CONCLUSION Although the mortal habits was comparatively less among medical students, the medical environment seemed to fail to curb the dreadful practice totally. Thereby it can be recommended that active behavior-changing communication is required for all sections of the society to tear out the social root of the problem instead of unimpressive vague health warnings in vogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chatterjee
- Department of Community Medicine and Paediatrics, BMC, Burdan, India
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25
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Haldar D, Chatterjee T, Mallik S, Sarkar GN, Das SK, Lahiri S. A study on habits of tobacco use among medical and non-medical students of Kolkata. Lung India 2011; 28:319-20. [PMID: 22084556 PMCID: PMC3213729 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.85748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
At 22 degrees in Earle's medium, Krebs cells synthesize proteins. After a brief ;pulse' with [(14)C]valine followed by a ;chase' of [(12)C]valine the radioactivity appears first in microsomes and is transferred after ;chase' to the cell sap. Kinetics of labelling of the mitochondrial protein are different from that of either microsomal or cell-sap protein. When Krebs cells in buffer are mixed with ribonuclease in water the nuclease penetrates the cell membrane. The ribonuclease-treated cells are still viable but have lost most of their cytoplasmic ribosomes (electron micrograph). Such cells still synthesize mitochondrial protein at near normal rate but synthesis of microsomal protein is severely inhibited. The results indicate that some mitochondrial proteins are synthesized independently of the microsome-cell-sap system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haldar
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W.7
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Abstract
In Krebs ascites-tumour cells, cytochrome c is segregated in the mitochondria and the level in microsomes could not be measured. At 22 degrees in glucose-buffer Krebs cells synthesized a spectrum of proteins including cytochrome c. Mild osmotic shock in the presence of ribonuclease had little effect on incorporation of [(14)C]-leucine or [(14)C]valine into mixed mitochondrial protein but strongly inhibited synthesis of non-mitochondrial cytoplasmic proteins. Under these conditions, labelling of cytochrome c was also strongly inhibited. After pulse labelling of Krebs cells at 22 degrees for 10min. the cytcchrome radioactivity found in mitochondria was higher than in microsomes. After addition of unlabelled amino acid as ;chase' there was 137% increase in radioactivity of cytochrome c but only a 3% increase in radioactivity of whole-cell protein. It is concluded that the peptide chain of cytochome c is synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. Mitochondria therefore do not have the character of self-replicating entities, but are formed by the cooperative function of messenger RNA of cytoplasmic ribosomes and, possibly, of intramitochondrial messenger derived from the mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Freeman
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W. 7
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Haldar D, Sarkar AP, Bisoi S, Mondal P. Assessment of client's perception in terms of satisfaction and service utilization in the central government health scheme dispensary at Kolkata. Indian J Community Med 2008; 33:121-3. [PMID: 19967039 PMCID: PMC2784620 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.40883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Abstract
A set of vectors was created to allow cloning and expression studies in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These vectors had a uniform backbone with an efficient Sz. pombe ARS, ARS3002, but different selectable markers--his3+, leu1+, ade6+ and ura4+. The vectors functioned efficiently as autonomously replicating plasmids that could also be converted into integrating vectors. The ura4+-containing vector was used to construct a Sz. pombe genomic library.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adams
- Unit on Chromatin and Transcription, NICHD/NIH, Building 18T, Room 106, 18 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Maji SK, Haldar D, Banerjee A, Mukhopadhyay C, Banerjee A. Conformational Heterogeneity of a Tripeptide in the Solid State and in Solution: Characterization of a g-Turn Containing Incipient Hairpin in Solution. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2003. [DOI: 10.1023/b:jory.0000029816.31278.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Biswas NR, Gupta SK, Das GK, Kumar N, Mongre PK, Haldar D, Beri S. Evaluation of Ophthacare eye drops--a herbal formulation in the management of various ophthalmic disorders. Phytother Res 2001; 15:618-20. [PMID: 11746845 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An open prospective multicentre clinical trial was conducted in patients suffering from various ophthalmic disorders namely, conjunctivitis, conjunctival xerosis (dry eye), acute dacryocystitis, degenerative conditions (pterygium or pinguecula) and postoperative cataract patients with a herbal eye drop preparation (Ophthacare) containing basic principles of different herbs which have been conventionally used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine since time immemorial. These include Carum copticum, Terminalia belirica, Emblica officinalis, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Cinnamomum camphora, Rosa damascena and meldespumapum. These herbs reportedly possess antiinfective and antiinflammatory properties. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of this herbal product in a variety of eye ailments. Side effects, if any, were noted during the study. An improvement was observed with the treatment of the herbal eye drop treatment in most cases. There were no side effects observed during the course of the study and the eye drop was well tolerated by the patients. The herbal eye drop Ophthacare has a useful role in a variety of infective, inflammatory and degenerative ophthalmic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Biswas
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Balija VS, Chakraborty TR, Nikonov AV, Morimoto T, Haldar D. Identification of two transmembrane regions and a cytosolic domain of rat mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:31668-73. [PMID: 10924502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002963200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The topography of rat glycerophosphate acyltransferase (GAT) in the transverse plane of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) was investigated. Computer analysis of the amino acid (aa) sequence derived from rat mitochondrial GAT cDNA (GenBanktrade mark accession nos. and ) predicts the presence of two possible transmembrane domains (aa 473-493 and 574-594) separated by an 80-aa stretch (aa 494-573). To determine the actual orientation of the native protein, we prepared anti-peptide antibodies to three regions: one in between (aa 543-559) and the other two (aa 420-435 and 726-740) flanking the two putative transmembrane regions. Both immunoreaction and immunoprecipitation experiments employing intact and solubilized mitochondria indicate that regions on the N- and C-terminal sides of the transmembrane regions are sequestered on the inner surface of the MOM, while the region between the transmembrane domains is present on the cytosolic face of the MOM. Additionally, two green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins consisting of full-length GAT fused to GFP at either the C terminus or inserted 115 amino acids from the N terminus were also constructed to determine the orientation of the N and C termini. COS-1 cells expressing these fusion proteins were fractionated to obtain mitochondria. Protease digestion of intact and solubilized COS-1 cell mitochondria revealed that the GFP domains of these fusion proteins are sequestered on the inner side of the MOM. The present findings indicate that GAT is a dual-spanning, transmembrane protein adopting an inverted "U" conformation in the transverse plane of the MOM, where the N and C termini are sequestered on the inner surface of the MOM, while aa 494-573 are exposed on the cytosolic surface of the MOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Balija
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11432, USA
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Chakraborty TR, Vancura A, Balija VS, Haldar D. Phosphatidic acid synthesis in mitochondria. Topography of formation and transmembrane migration. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:29786-90. [PMID: 10514455 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.42.29786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The topography of formation and migration of phosphatidic acid (PA) in the transverse plane of rat liver mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) were investigated. Isolated mitochondria and microsomes, incubated with sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and an immobilized substrate palmitoyl-CoA-agarose, synthesized both lyso-PA and PA. The mitochondrial and microsomal acylation of glycerophosphate with palmitoyl-CoA-agarose was 80-100% of the values obtained in the presence of free palmitoyl-CoA. In another series of experiments, both free polymyxin B and polymyxin B-agarose stimulated mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity approximately 2-fold. When PA loaded mitochondria were treated with liver fatty acid binding protein, a fifth of the phospholipid left the mitochondria. The amount of exportable PA reduced with the increase in the time of incubation. In another approach, PA-loaded mitochondria were treated with phospholipase A(2). The amount of phospholipase A(2)-sensitive PA reduced when the incubation time was increased. Taken together, the results suggest that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and PA are synthesized on the outer surface of the MOM and that PA moves to the inner membrane presumably for cardiolipin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439, USA
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Schlame M, Zhao M, Rua D, Haldar D, Greenberg ML. Kinetic analysis of cardiolipin synthase: a membrane enzyme with two glycerophospholipid substrates. Lipids 1995; 30:633-40. [PMID: 7564918 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cardiolipin synthase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphatidyl moiety from phosphatidyl-CMP (PtdCMP) to phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro) in the presence of specific divalent cations. The synthase was solubilized from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria and purified about 300-fold. The partially enzyme was part of a medium-size, mixed micelle which had to bind to a foreign substrate/detergent micelle before catalysis could occur. The kinetics of cardiolipin synthase were studied by changing the molar fraction of substrate in the micelles. The enzyme obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in relation to PtdCMP with a Km of 0.03 mol%. PtdGro caused sigmoidal kinetics with a low apparent affinity. It is speculated that it was involved in docking the enzyme to the substrate/detergent micelle. Cardiolipin synthase did not catalyze isotope exchange between [14C]CMP and PtdCMP, virtually excluding a ping-pong catalytic mechanism. Mg2+ stimulated the activity by increasing the turnover number rather than the substrate affinity, a mechanism which was also found for the Co(2+)-activation of rat liver cardiolipin synthase. It is concluded that a direct association of the metal ion and the enzyme forms the active cardiolipin synthase which has a very high affinity for PtdCMP and a lower affinity for PtdGro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schlame
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Vancura A, Haldar D. Purification and characterization of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:27209-15. [PMID: 7961630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerophosphate acyltransferase (GAT) catalyzes the conversion of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), the first and committed step of triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis. In spite of the important regulatory roles GAT may play in this biosynthetic pathway, little information is available on the structure, biochemical properties, and regulation of GAT from eukaryotic cells. We solubilized GAT from rat liver mitochondrial membranes and purified it to an apparent homogeneity by hydroxylapatite chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide of 85 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography of the native protein. The GAT activity was completely lost during the purification procedure and required addition of exogenous phospholipids for its reconstitution. Since a high phospholipid to detergent ratio was needed for full reactivation, it is concluded that GAT requires "lipid boundary" for reconstitution. The ability of different phospholipids to reactivate GAT decreased in the following order: phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), asolectin, phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and cardiolipin. 1,2-Dioleoyl derivatives of PG and PE were more effective in reconstituting the GAT activity than corresponding dipalmitoyl derivatives. The GAT activation was further increased by using a combination of PG and PE or PG and PC. Regardless of the phospholipid used for reconstitution, palmitoyl-CoA was the best acyl donor and LPA was the only reaction product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439
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Schlame M, Haldar D. Cardiolipin is synthesized on the matrix side of the inner membrane in rat liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:74-9. [PMID: 8380172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mitochondrial inner membrane, cardiolipin is a specific lipid component associated with various protein complexes. The assembly of such complexes has been studied, and it seems that most protein subunits enter the inner membrane from the matrix side, but nothing is known about the path of cardiolipin. In this paper, the topography of cardiolipin biosynthesis is investigated. Cardiolipin synthase, a membrane-bound protein, could not be released by sonication or 1 M KCl. In sucrose density gradient subfractionation, cardiolipin synthase co-migrated with the inner membrane marker cytochrome oxidase. no indication was obtained for a preferential localization of this enzyme at contact sites between the outer and inner membranes. Protease digestion experiments showed that cardiolipin synthase exposed protease-susceptible domains mainly to the matrix side of the inner membrane. In intact mitochondria, the Mn(2+)-dependent stimulation of cardiolipin synthesis was abolished when the Mn2+ influx into the matrix was blocked by ruthenium red. 1-Decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, a water-soluble inhibitor of cardiolipin synthase, was only effective after disintegration of mitochondria. The metabolic precursor of cardiolipin, CDP-diacylglycerol, was synthesized by an inner membrane enzyme whose protease-susceptible domains were mainly exposed to the matrix side. It is concluded that cardiolipin is synthesized in the inner leaflet of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schlame
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439
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Simonian J, Haldar D, Delmaestro E, Trombetta LD. Effect of disulfiram (DS) on mitochondria from rat hippocampus: metabolic compartmentation of DS neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 1992; 17:1029-35. [PMID: 1324439 DOI: 10.1007/bf00966832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to study the acute effects of disulfiram on mitochondrial enzymes in nonsynaptic and synaptic mitochondria from rat hippocampus. Cytochrome c oxidase, monoamine oxidase-B, glycerolphosphate acyltransferase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were studied. Differences in enzyme activity were seen in controls. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was higher in synaptic mitochondria whereas glycerolphosphate acyltransferase activity was higher in nonsynaptic mitochondria. Mitochondria from disulfiram treated rats, particularly synaptic mitochondria, exhibited lower specific activities of cytochrome c oxidase and monoamine oxidase-B. These alterations were not limited to either the inner or outer mitochondrial membrane. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that mitochondria from disulfiram treated rats were severely altered in isolated preparations as well as in those from whole tissue. This study shows that disulfiram exerts a differential effect on mitochondrial subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simonian
- College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439
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Vancura A, Haldar D. Regulation of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipid synthesis by liver fatty acid-binding protein. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:14353-9. [PMID: 1629224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have detected and partially purified a 15-kDa cytosolic L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-binding protein (LPABP), which stimulates export of LPA from mitochondria (Vancura, A., Carroll, M. A., and Haldar, D. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 339-343). Now we have purified this protein to homogeneity. By Western immunoblot analysis, amino acid sequence analysis, and binding characteristics we have shown that LPABP is identical with liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP). This protein binds LPA, and stimulates mitochondrial and microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase (GAT) and the export of LPA from both the organelles. The mitochondrially synthesized LPA exported by L-FABP can be converted to phosphatidic acid by microsomes. L-FABP also stimulates microsomal conversion of LPA to phosphatidic acid but strongly inhibits this reaction in mitochondria. However, in the absence of L-FABP mitochondria predominantly synthesize PA. Taken together, these findings are suggestive that L-FABP plays a major role in mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipid metabolism by regulating both the synthesis and utilization of LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439
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Vancura A, Carroll MA, Haldar D. A lysophosphatidic acid-binding cytosolic protein stimulates mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 175:339-43. [PMID: 1998517 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rat liver cytosolic fraction caused up to five fold stimulation of mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase apparently by removing the lysophosphatidic acid formed by the acyltransferase. When mitochondria were incubated with palmityl-CoA, [2-3H]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and the cytosolic fraction and the supernatant fluid of the incubated mixture was passed through a Sephadex G-100 column, labeled lysophosphatidic acid eluted in three peaks with Mrs (i) 60-70 kDa, (ii) 10-20 kDa, and (iii) less than 5 kDa. Proteins, responsible for binding of lysophosphatidic acid in peaks (i) and (ii), were purified to near homogeneity as judged by electrophoretic analysis. The lysophosphatidic acid binding protein in peak (i) appears to be serum albumin and peak (iii) represents largely unbound lysophosphatidic acid. The 15 kDa protein, purified from peak (ii), bound lysophosphatidic acid, stimulated the acyltransferase and export of lysophosphatidic acid from mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439
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Haldar D, Lipfert L. Export of mitochondrially synthesized lysophosphatidic acid. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:11014-6. [PMID: 2358449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the properties of mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase are in keeping with the asymmetric distribution of fatty acids found in naturally occurring cell glycerophospholipids. We are now examining if mitochondria can export lysophosphatidic acid and if it is converted to other phospholipids by the microsomes. Rat liver mitochondria were incubated for 3 min with [2-3H]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, palmityl-CoA, and N-ethylmaleimide in the acyltransferase assay medium. In the absence of bovine serum albumin in the medium, greater than 80% of the phospholipids sedimented with the mitochondria. In the presence of the albumin, the lysophosphatidic acid was present entirely in the supernatant fluid. The very little phosphatidic acid that was formed sedimented with the mitochondria. Addition of microsomes to the supernatant fluid followed by a further incubation of 5 min converted 61% of the lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid which sedimented with the microsomes. When mitochondria and microsomes were incubated together in the assay medium containing albumin and N-ethylmaleimide, the product contained more phosphatidic and less lysophosphatidic acid. When the subcellular components were reisolated by differential centrifugation, 70% of the phosphatidic acid sedimented with the microsomes and the lysophosphatidic acid stayed in the postmicrosomal supernatant. Thus, under appropriate conditions mitochondrially produced lysophosphatidic acid can leave the organelles and this phospholipid can be converted to phosphatidic acid by the microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haldar
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439
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Saili A, Sarna MS, Haldar D, Kumari S, Dutta AK. Delayed cesarean section: neonatal outcome. Indian Pediatr 1990; 27:601-4. [PMID: 2253997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty one consecutive cesarean sections producing single term, appropriate for gestational age neonates, out of which 85% were emergency cesareans, were included in this study. Fetal distress, nonprogress of labour, and cephalopelvic disproportion were major indications for surgery. The waiting period varied from less than 30 minutes to greater than 4 hours. More than 50% of neonates studied suffered from some problem. The morbidity increased significantly if cesarean section was delayed for more than two hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saili
- Neonatal Unit, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi
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Hesler CB, Olymbios C, Haldar D. Transverse-plane topography of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase in the mitochondrial outer membrane. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:6600-5. [PMID: 2182622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse-plane topography of mitochondrial outer-membrane long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase was investigated using proteases as probes for exposure of crucial domains, i.e. domains containing the active site or otherwise required for enzymatic activity. Incubation of intact mitochondria with the nonspecific proteases proteinase K and subtilisin resulted in a time-dependent loss of 90% or more of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity compared to control incubations. The integrity of the outer membrane before and during this treatment was shown by cytochrome c oxidase latency as well as the stability of adenylate kinase activity in the presence of protease. After a 15-min incubation in these conditions, site-specific proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin had only a limited inhibitory effect (29 and 58% loss of activity, respectively); however, treatment of hypotonically disrupted mitochondria with these proteases resulted in increased (71 and 77%, respectively) loss of activity. Exposure of trypsin-sensitive crucial domains on the inner surface of the membrane was directly demonstrated by incubation of trypsin-loaded outer-membrane vesicles. Together, these results suggest that mitochondrial long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase is a transmembrane enzyme, possessing crucial domains on both sides of the outer membrane. However, the cytosolic exposure of the enzyme does not appear to be affected by a change in the medium ionic strength as seen previously for other outer-membrane enzymes. In an experiment investigating the topography of the active site of the enzyme, an immobilized substrate analog, desulfo-CoA-agarose, was preincubated with intact mitochondria. This resulted in up to a 42% loss of the activity of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, consistent with a cytosolic exposure for at least the CoA-binding domain of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Hesler
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439
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Pavlica RJ, Hesler CB, Lipfert L, Hirshfield IN, Haldar D. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic resolution of the polypeptides of rat liver mitochondria and the outer membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1022:115-25. [PMID: 2302398 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(90)90407-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The proteins of highly purified rat liver mitochondria were resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and detected by staining with either Coomassie blue or silver. Approximately 250 polypeptides were detected with silver staining which is 2- to 3-times that observed with Coomassie blue. Silver staining was especially more effective than Coomassie blue for detecting polypeptides of less than 50 000 daltons. A two-dimensional gel pattern of rat liver microsomes was distinct from that of the mitochondria. The mitochondrial outer membrane was prepared from purified mitochondria either with digitonin or by swelling in a hypotonic medium. As assessed by marker enzymes, the latter method yielded a considerably purer outer membrane preparation (20-fold purification) than the former (2.6-fold purification). Approximately 50 polypeptides were observed in a two-dimensional gel (pH 3-10) of the highly purified outer membrane fraction. Three isoelectric forms of the pore (VDAC) protein were observed with pI values of 8.2, 7.8 and 7.1. Monoamine oxidase was identified as a polypeptide of Mr 60 000. About 50 polypeptides were also resolved in a reverse polarity non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis gel of the outer membrane, pH 3-10, with at least six isoelectric forms of the VDAC protein observed under these conditions. The six isoforms of the VDAC protein were also observed in a non-equilibrium gel with 2 micrograms of the purified protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Pavlica
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439
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Abstract
The activities of guinea pig lung mitochondrial and microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase differed in sensitivity to polymyxin B1. At an antibiotic concentration of 1 mg/ml, the mitochondrial enzyme activity was stimulated twofold, but the microsomal enzyme activity was completely inhibited. Furthermore, the mitochondrial enzyme activity was stimulated by polymyxin B1 without the addition of exogenous acyl-CoA. Additional experiments ruled out the possibility of polymyxin B1 acting as a substrate for the mitochondrial acyltransferase. These results suggest either that the polymyxin B1 sensitivity of mitochondrial and microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase is different or that their accessibility to substrates is different because the two isoenzymes are located differently in the different phospholipid microenvironment of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
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Jamall IS, Haldar D, Wadewitz AG. Effects of dietary selenium on lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial function and protein profiles in the heart of the myopathic Syrian golden hamster (BIO 14.6). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 144:815-20. [PMID: 3579942 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(87)80037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Male, weanling myopathic Syrian Golden Hamsters (BIO 14.6 strain) were fed a selenium-adequate diet (controls) or this diet supplemented with 1.0 ppm selenium (treated) for 30 days. Se-treated animals exhibited a 50% reduction in lipid peroxidation in heart homogenates relative to controls and a 61% increase in mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity. Gel electrophoresis revealed no alterations in cardiac protein profiles from treated or control animals. These data suggest that the selenium prevents peroxidative injury and maintains mitochondrial function in the absence of alterations in cardiac proteins.
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