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Tezera R, Sahile Z, Yilma D, Misganaw E, Amare E, Haidar J. Food security status of patients with type 2 diabetes and their adherence to dietary counselling from selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265523. [PMID: 35421127 PMCID: PMC9009691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Even though adherence to dietary counselling for patients with diabetes is essential for improving health and preventing complications, access to an adequate and quality diet is challenging for patients living in a food-insecure household. The availability of data in this regard is limited in Ethiopia. Thus, this study assessed the food security status of patients with type 2 diabetes, their adherence to dietary counselling, and contributing factors at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods
This was a facility-based cross-sectional study among 602 patients with Type 2 diabetes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July to August 2019. Patients were selected randomly after the total number of samples was proportionally allocated to four public hospitals. Relevant information was collected by trained data collectors using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 24 for data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with adherence to dietary counselling.
Result
The proportion of nonadherence to dietary counselling among patients with type 2 diabetes was 67.3% (95%CI: 63.5%-71.1%). Nearly half (50.7%) of the respondents were food insecure. Of these, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure were 8.5%, 29.2%, and 13%, respectively. Physical activity (AOR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.1–2.9); diabetes knowledge (AOR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.2–2.6); lack of access to information (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.6); moderately food insecure (AOR = 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3–3.7); and severely food insecure (AOR = 5.6; 95%CI: 2.1–15.0) were the major significant factors associated with nonadherence to dietary counselling.
Conclusion
Over two-thirds of patients with diabetes did not adhere to dietary counselling, which appears high. As a result, improving diabetes education, information access, and food security status should be considered to ensure dietary counselling adherence among type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robel Tezera
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zekariyas Sahile
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Delelegn Yilma
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Equilnet Misganaw
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Endale Amare
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Haidar
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Seifu B, Fikru C, Yilma D, Tessema F. Predictors of time to death among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital from 2014 to 2019: A survival analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264369. [PMID: 35202442 PMCID: PMC8870501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer (CC) is the 4th most prevalent cancer among females globally. In Ethiopia, around 7,095 new CC cases are diagnosed every year and it is the second common cause of cancer deaths in women. There is limited evidence on survival status as well as about predictors of time to death among CC patients in Ethiopia. Thus, this study investigated the five-year survival status and predictors of time to death among CC patients who had been admitted at Tikur Anbesa specialized Hospital (TASH) from 2014–2019.
Methods
Facility-based, retrospective-cohort study was conducted at Tikur Anbesa specialized Hospital among 348 patients from June 2014 to June 2019. A systematic random sampling method was employed to select the study participants. Data were extracted from the patient card, and through phone calls. The data was collected using the android version CS-Entry tool. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23. Kaplan and Meier’s method was used to estimate survival functions and Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis was carried out in order to identify the independent predictors of time to death.
Results
The overall incidence of death was 31 per 100 person-years of follow up. The median (IQR) follow-up time of the entire cohorts was 18.55 (8.96–49.65) months. The independent predictors for time to death included; age older than 50 years [AHR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9], late stage of CC at diagnosis [AHR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7–2.9], No CC treatment [AHR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5–3.1] and HIV positive [AHR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.8].
Conclusion and recommendation
The death rate of CC patients was high. The significant predictors associated with shorten time to death of CC patients were older age, advanced cancer stage at diagnosis, HIV infection and not receiving cancer treatment. Therefore, improving early detection and initiation of treatment for all CC patients is necessary in order to improve patient’s survival status. The government needs to strengthen the routine CC screening programs to address high-risk women such as elderly and HIV positive women in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Seifu
- Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chaltu Fikru
- Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Delelegn Yilma
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Fasil Tessema
- Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Birhanu A, Tiki T, Mekuria M, Yilma D, Melese G, Seifu B. COVID-19-Induced Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Urban Residents in West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2020. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:99-108. [PMID: 33603511 PMCID: PMC7881787 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s298781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic affects the public overall psychological status including anxiety. Assessing the perceived risk and preventive behaviors and COVID-19-induced anxiety of every individual is crucial to be more effective in handling the outbreak. PURPOSE This study intends to determine the status of perceived risk, preventive behavior, and induced anxiety regarding COVID-19 among urban residents in Ethiopia. METHODS In this research a population-based, cross-sectional design was employed among 801 urban residents in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia from June to October 2020. COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale (CIAS) was used, with CIAS score ≥80% taken as having anxiety. A Preventive Behavior towards COVID-19 Scale (PBCS) was used to measure the level of protective behavior. The data were gathered using CS Entry and analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. Basic descriptive analysis was conducted, and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors associated with anxiety. RESULTS Most of the study population, 716 (89.4%), had moderate risk perception, and around 497 (62.0%) of them had moderate preventive behavior against the pandemic. The proportion of COVID-19-induced anxiety disorder was found to be 18.1%. The identified predictors associated with COVID-induced anxiety were: being widowed (AOR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.7-7.6), lacking formal education (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3.3), having history of psychoactive substance use (AOR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.6-5.8), high protective behavior (AOR=2.2; 95% CI:1.5-3.3), low perceived risk (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5-12.4), and family history of mental illness (AOR=1.6; 95% CI:0.7-3.8). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION COVID-19-induced anxiety prevalence was 18.1%. Risk perception regarding COVID was moderate. However, only 38.0% of the population had high preventive behavior against the pandemic. Hence, it is important to provide the continuous public health education necessary to promote preventive measures and minimize risky behaviors. Basic psychosocial help should be also provided for individuals suffering with COVID-19-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Birhanu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Tiki
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Mekuria
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Delelegn Yilma
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Melese
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Benyam Seifu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
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Seifu B, Yilma D, Daba W. Knowledge, Utilization and Associated Factors of Postpartum Family Planning Among Women Who Had Delivered a Baby in the Past Year in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Open Access J Contracept 2020; 11:167-176. [PMID: 33116967 PMCID: PMC7588273 DOI: 10.2147/oajc.s268561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, 95% of women wants to avoid pregnancy for at least two years after giving birth, but 70% of them are not using contraception; majority of them were from developing countries. Postpartum family planning (PPFP) enables families to avoid unplanned pregnancies following 12 months after childbirth. Different studies in Ethiopia showed that the majority of postpartum women do not use PPFP. Moreover, the level of PPFP knowledge and utilization in West Shewa, Oromia region of Ethiopia is unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the knowledge, utilization and associated factors of postpartum family planning (PPFP) Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ambo town, West Shewa Zone of Oromia regional state from April 01 to July 30, 2019. A sample of 367 postnatal women participated in the study. An interview administered questionnaire was used to collect the data and the collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 23. Study participants' characteristics were described using frequency and percentage. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify the associated factors with the outcome variables. RESULTS A total of 354 women were participated in the study making a response rate of 96.4%. About 249 (70.3%) of the respondents had good knowledge about PPFP and 144 (40.7%) had utilized PPFP services. Higher education level [AOR= 3.4, 95% CI: 1.3-6.9], history of family planning utilization [AOR= 2.8, 95% CI: 2.1-4.4] and having ANC follow-up [AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.0] had showed a positive association with knowledge of PPFP. Meanwhile, knowledge of PPFP [AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.6-3.1], a grand multi-para women [AOR=1.7, 95% CI (1.3-3.6)] and received routine PNC service [AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-5.9] were associated with the utilization of PPFP. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Although the majority of the women knew about PPFP, more than half of them did not utilize PPFP. Due emphasis should be given to improve the utilization of PPFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Seifu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Delelegn Yilma
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Workinesh Daba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sahile Z, Yilma D, Tezera R, Bezu T, Haileselassie W, Seifu B, Ali JH. Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:8032894. [PMID: 32258145 PMCID: PMC7073500 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8032894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia. METHODS Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot's spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran Q test and I 2 statistics. A random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence estimations. RESULTS Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot's spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot's spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot's spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekariyas Sahile
- Ambo University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 19 Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Delelegn Yilma
- Ambo University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 19 Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Robel Tezera
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science, Department of Medical Radiological Technology, P.O. Box 11950 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadu Bezu
- Kotebe Metropolitan University, Menelik II Health Science and College of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Werissaw Haileselassie
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, P.O. Box 11950 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Benyam Seifu
- Ambo University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Midwifery, P.O. Box 19 Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Haidar Ali
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science, School of Public Health, P.O. Box 27285 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tezera R, Sahile Z, Yilma D, Misganaw E, Mulu E. Prevalence of anemia among school-age children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2018; 7:80. [PMID: 29793528 PMCID: PMC5968474 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia continued to become a major public health problem in developing nations including Ethiopia. Especially, school children are more vulnerable for anemia and consequences of anemia. Generating accurate epidemiological data on anemia in school children is an important step for health policy maker. There are limited evidences on anemia prevalence in school-age children in Ethiopia. This study aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence of anemia in school-age children in Ethiopia. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was followed the PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searched was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, HINARI, and Ethiopian Journal of Health Development for studies published before 2016, supplemented by manual searches to identify relevant studies. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed quality of studies. The Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistic were used to test heterogeneity through studies. The overall prevalence was calculated using random-effects model of DerSimonian-Laird method. RESULTS From 831 obtained studies, 13 articles included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among school children in Ethiopia was 23% (95% CI 18-28%). The prevalence of anemia in male and female school-age children was 27% (95% CI 20 and 34%) and 24% (95% CI 18 and 30%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study found that prevalence of anemia was a moderate public health problem in school children. Due to the complications of anemia for school children, preventative planning and control of anemia among school children in Ethiopia is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robel Tezera
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Zekariyas Sahile
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Delelegn Yilma
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Equilnet Misganaw
- Human Resources for Health (HRH) Department, JHPIEGO/Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ermiyas Mulu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
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Angamo MT, Chalmers L, Curtain CM, Yilma D, Bereznicki L. Mortality from adverse drug reaction-related hospitalizations in south-west Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:790-798. [PMID: 29722039 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of mortality during medical care. To our knowledge, no Ethiopian studies have reported on mortality due to ADRs in patients presenting to hospital from the community setting. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate attributable to ADRs in patients presenting to hospital, identify drugs implicated in the ADR-related deaths and identify factors contributing to ADR-related mortality at Jimma University Specialised Hospital (JUSH), south-west Ethiopia METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1001 patients aged ≥18 years consecutively admitted to medical wards from May 2015 to August 2016. ADR-related mortality was determined through detailed review of medical records, laboratory tests and patient interviews followed by causality assessment by the Naranjo algorithm and expert consensus. RESULTS Of 1001 patients, 15, 1.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80%-2.30%) died with an ADR. The primary suspected causes of death were drug-induced hepatotoxicity (7, 43.8%) followed by acute kidney injury (4, 25.0%). Isoniazid (6, 33.3%), pyrazinamide (3, 16.7%), efavirenz (2, 11.1%) and tenofovir (2, 11.1%) were commonly implicated drugs. The majority of ADRs (14, 93.8%) were preventable. Unadjusted bivariate comparisons suggested patients who died with ADRs were more likely to have pre-existing liver disease (40.0% vs 7.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1%-57.8%), a history of ADRs (40% vs 1.4%; 95% CI: 13.8%-63.4%), a lower mean (±SD) body mass index (BMI, 17.6 ± 2.1 vs 20.0 ± 2.9 kg/m2 ; 95% CI = 0.9-3.9), exposure to antitubercular (46.7% vs 18.9%; 95% CI: 2.3%-53.1%) and antiretroviral (40.0% vs 7.7%; 95% CI: 7.5%-57.2%) therapies, and a higher mean number of medications (7.1 ± 3.3 vs 3.8 ± 2.1; 95% CI: 2.2-4.4) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (3.9 ± 2.9 vs 1.6 ± 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-3.2) than surviving patients without ADRs. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Fatal ADRs were common in patients presenting to hospital. The drugs implicated were mostly antitubercular and antiretroviral therapies, reflecting the high burden of HIV and tuberculosis in the study population. ADR-related deaths were significantly associated with poor nutritional status. The majority of ADR-related deaths were preventable, highlighting the need to develop a multidisciplinary approach to closely monitor patients who are prescribed antitubercular and antiretroviral therapies, particularly in patients with hepatic disease, a history of ADRs, who are malnourished and who are exposed to multiple medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Angamo
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - L Chalmers
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - C M Curtain
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - D Yilma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - L Bereznicki
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Abdissa A, Olsen MF, Yilma D, Tesfaye M, Girma T, Christiansen M, Hagen CM, Wiesner L, Castel S, Aseffa A, McIlleron H, Pedersen C, Friis H, Andersen AB. Lipid-based nutrient supplements do not affect efavirenz but lower plasma nevirapine concentrations in Ethiopian adult HIV patients. HIV Med 2015; 16:403-11. [PMID: 25974723 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) are increasingly used in HIV programmes in resource-limited settings. However, the possible effects of LNSs on the plasma concentrations of antiretroviral drugs have not been assessed. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of LNSs on plasma efavirenz and nevirapine trough concentrations in Ethiopian adult HIV-infected patients. METHODS The effects of LNSs were studied in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a randomized trial. Patients with body mass index (BMI) > 17 kg/m(2) (n = 282) received daily supplementation of an LNS containing whey (LNS/w), an LNS containing soy (LNS/s) or no LNS. Trough plasma concentrations of efavirenz and nevirapine were measured at 1 and 2 months. Genotyping for 516 G>T and 983 T>C polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 locus was performed. Multilevel linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the associations between LNS and plasma efavirenz and nevirapine concentrations. RESULTS In patients with BMI > 17 kg/m(2), nevirapine concentrations were lower in the LNS/w and LNS/s groups by a median of -2.3 μg/mL [interquartile range (IQR) -3.9; -0.9 μg/mL; P = 0.002] and -2.1 μg/mL (IQR -3.9; -0.9 μg/mL; P = 0.01), respectively, compared with the group not receiving supplements. There were no differences between groups with respect to efavirenz plasma concentrations. The CYP2B6 516 G>T polymorphism was associated with a 5 μg/mL higher plasma efavirenz concentration compared with the wild type (P < 0.0001), while it was not associated with plasma nevirapine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Intake of an LNS was associated with lower plasma nevirapine trough concentrations, indicating possible drug-LNS interactions. The clinical relevance of such reductions in nevirapine exposure is not clear. Plasma efavirenz concentration was not affected by the LNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences & Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M F Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Yilma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - M Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - T Girma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - M Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C M Hagen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Castel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - H McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - H Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A B Andersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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