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Badiane AS, Ndiaye T, Thiaw AB, Binta DA, Diallo MA, Seck MC, Diongue K, Garba MN, Ndiaye M, Ndiaye D. High prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection in Bandafassi, South-East Senegal. Malar J 2021; 20:218. [PMID: 33980241 PMCID: PMC8117620 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria control and elimination strategies are based on levels of transmission that are usually determined by data collected from health facilities. In endemic areas, asymptomatic Plasmodium infection is thought to represent the majority of infections, though they are not diagnosed nor treated. Therefore, there might be an underestimation of the malaria reservoir, resulting in inadequate control strategies. In addition, these untreated asymptomatic Plasmodium infections maintain transmission, making it difficult or impossible to reach malaria elimination goals. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections in southeastern Senegal. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among asymptomatic individuals (N = 122) living in the village of Andiel located in Bandafassi, Kédougou, which consisted of about 200 inhabitants during the malaria transmission season in late October 2019. For each individual without malaria-related symptoms and who consented to participate, a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was performed in the field. Results were confirmed in the laboratory with photo-induced electron transfer (PET-PCR). Results Malaria prevalence was 70.3% by PET-PCR and 41.8% by RDT. During the same period, the health post of the area reported 49. 1% test positivity rate by RDT. The majority of the infected study population, 92.9%, was infected with a single species and 7.1% had two or three species of Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum was predominant and represented 90.2% of the infections, while 6.5% were due to Plasmodium ovale and 3.3% to Plasmodium malariae. 59.4% of children targeted for SMC (zero to ten years old) were infected. Conclusion In southeastern Senegal, where the transmission is the highest, malaria control strategies should address asymptomatic Plasmodium infections at the community level. The results suggest that this area could be eligible for mass drug administration. Moreover, non-falciparum species could be more common and its prevalence should be determined countrywide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Sadikh Badiane
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. .,Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Tolla Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alphonse Birane Thiaw
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Deme Awa Binta
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Alpha Diallo
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mame Cheikh Seck
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khadim Diongue
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamane Nassirou Garba
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mouhamadou Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
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