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Liu Y, Ji L, Eno M, Kudalkar S, Li AL, Schimpgen M, Benchama O, Morales P, Xu S, Hurst D, Wu S, Mohammad KA, Wood JT, Zvonok N, Papahatjis DP, Zhou H, Honrao C, Mackie K, Reggio P, Hohmann AG, Marnett LJ, Makriyannis A, Nikas SP. ( R)- N-(1-Methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-13-( S)-methyl-arachidonamide (AMG315): A Novel Chiral Potent Endocannabinoid Ligand with Stability to Metabolizing Enzymes. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8639-8657. [PMID: 30196704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of potent metabolically stable endocannabinoids is challenging. Here we report a chiral arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) analogue, namely, (13 S,1' R)-dimethylanandamide (AMG315, 3a), a high affinity ligand for the CB1 receptor ( Ki of 7.8 ± 1.4 nM) that behaves as a potent CB1 agonist in vitro (EC50 = 0.6 ± 0.2 nM). (13 S,1' R)-dimethylanandamide is the first potent AEA analogue with significant stability for all endocannabinoid hydrolyzing enzymes as well as the oxidative enzymes COX-2. When tested in vivo using the CFA-induced inflammatory pain model, 3a behaved as a more potent analgesic when compared to endogenous AEA or its hydrolytically stable analogue AM356. This novel analogue will serve as a very useful endocannabinoid probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Liu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Lipin Ji
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Marsha Eno
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Shalley Kudalkar
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- Department of Biological and Brain Sciences , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Marion Schimpgen
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vass. Constantinou , Athens 116-35 , Greece
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Paula Morales
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - Dow Hurst
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Simiao Wu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Khadijah A Mohammad
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - JodiAnne T Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Demetris P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vass. Constantinou , Athens 116-35 , Greece
| | - Han Zhou
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Honrao
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Biological and Brain Sciences , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Patricia Reggio
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Biological and Brain Sciences , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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M. Bratakos S, J. Sinanoglou V, T. Matsoukas M, Siapi E, P. Papahatjis D, Riganakos K, Zoumpoulakis P. Fragmentation Patterns of Aromatic 2,5-diketopiperazines Using Liquid chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. CURR ANAL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411011666150812225728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Nikas SP, Alapafuja SO, Papanastasiou I, Paronis CA, Shukla VG, Papahatjis DP, Bowman AL, Halikhedkar A, Han X, Makriyannis A. Novel 1',1'-chain substituted hexahydrocannabinols: 9β-hydroxy-3-(1-hexyl-cyclobut-1-yl)-hexahydrocannabinol (AM2389) a highly potent cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) agonist. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6996-7010. [PMID: 20925434 DOI: 10.1021/jm100641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of a more detailed understanding of the structural requirements for the key side chain cannabinoid pharmacophore, we have extended our SAR to cover a variety of conformationally modified side chains within the 9-keto and 9-hydroxyl tricyclic structures. Of the compounds described here, those with a seven-atom long side chain substituted with a cyclopentyl ring at C1' position have very high affinities for both CB1 and CB2 (0.97 nM < K(i) < 5.25 nM), with no preference for either of the two receptors. However, presence of the smaller cyclobutyl group at the C1' position leads to an optimal affinity and selectivity interaction with CB1. Thus, two of the C1'-cyclobutyl analogues, namely, (6aR,10aR)-3-(1-hexyl-cyclobut-1-yl)-6,6a,7,8,10,10a-hexahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-9H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-9-one and (6aR,9R,10aR)-3-(1-hexyl-cyclobut-1-yl)-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1,9 diol (7e-β, AM2389), exhibited remarkably high affinities (0.84 and 0.16 nM, respectively) and significant selectivities (16- and 26-fold, respectively) for CB1. Compound 7e-β was found to exhibit exceptionally high in vitro and in vivo potency with a relatively long duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 116 Mugar Life Sciences Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Papahatjis DP, Nahmias VR, Nikas SP, Schimpgen M, Makriyannis A. Design and synthesis of (13S)-methyl-substituted arachidonic acid analogues: templates for novel endocannabinoids. Chemistry 2010; 16:4091-9. [PMID: 20187040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two novel methyl-substituted arachidonic acid derivatives were prepared in an enantioselective manner from commercially available chiral building blocks, and were found to be excellent templates for the development of (13S)-methyl-substituted anandamide analogues. One of the compounds synthesized, namely, (13S,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-13-methyl-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amide, is an endocannabinoid analogue with remarkably high affinity for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetris P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou, Athens 116-35, Greece.
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Durdagi S, Papadopoulos MG, Papahatjis DP, Mavromoustakos T. Combined 3D QSAR and molecular docking studies to reveal novel cannabinoid ligands with optimum binding activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6754-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khanolkar AD, Lu D, Ibrahim M, Duclos RI, Thakur GA, Malan TP, Porreca F, Veerappan V, Tian X, George C, Parrish DA, Papahatjis DP, Makriyannis A. Cannabilactones: a novel class of CB2 selective agonists with peripheral analgesic activity. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6493-500. [PMID: 18038967 DOI: 10.1021/jm070441u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor has provided a novel target for the development of therapeutically useful cannabinergic molecules. We have synthesized benzo[ c]chromen-6-one analogs possessing high affinity and selectivity for this receptor. These novel compounds are structurally related to cannabinol (6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6 H-benzo[ c]chromen-1-ol), a natural constituent of cannabis with modest CB2 selectivity. Key pharmacophoric features of the new selective agonists include a 3-(1',1'-dimethylheptyl) side chain and a 6-oxo group on the cannabinoid tricyclic structure that characterizes this class of compounds as "cannabilactones." Our results suggest that the six-membered lactone pharmacophore is critical for CB2 receptor selectivity. Optimal receptor subtype selectivity of 490-fold and subnanomolar affinity for the CB2 receptor is exhibited by a 9-hydroxyl analog 5 (AM1714), while the 9-methoxy analog 4b (AM1710) had a 54-fold CB2 selectivity. X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling show the cannabilactones to have a planar ring conformation. In vitro testing revealed that the novel compounds are CB2 agonists, while in vivo testing of cannabilactones 4b and 5 found them to possess potent peripheral analgesic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atmaram D Khanolkar
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 116 Mugar Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
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7
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Papahatjis DP, Nahmias VR, Nikas SP, Andreou T, Alapafuja SO, Tsotinis A, Guo J, Fan P, Makriyannis A. C1‘-Cycloalkyl Side Chain Pharmacophore in Tetrahydrocannabinols. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4048-60. [PMID: 17672444 DOI: 10.1021/jm070121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In earlier work we have provided evidence for the presence of a subsite within the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor binding domains of classical cannabinoids. This putative subsite corresponds to substituents on the C1'-position of the C3-alkyl side chain, a key pharmacophoric feature in this class of compounds. We have now refined this work through the synthesis of additional C1'-cycloalkyl compounds using newly developed approaches. Our findings indicate that the C1'-cyclopropyl and C1'-cyclopentyl groups are optimal pharmacophores for both receptors while the C1'-cyclobutyl group interacts optimally with CB1 but not with CB2. The C1'-cyclohexyl analogs have reduced affinities for both CB1 and CB2. However, these affinities are significantly improved with the introduction of a C2'-C3' cis double bond that modifies the available conformational space within the side chain and allows for a better accommodation of a six-membered ring within the side chain subsite. Our SAR results are highlighted by molecular modeling of key analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetris P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou, Athens 116-35 Greece.
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Durdagi S, Kapou A, Kourouli T, Andreou T, Nikas SP, Nahmias VR, Papahatjis DP, Papadopoulos MG, Mavromoustakos T. The Application of 3D-QSAR Studies for Novel Cannabinoid Ligands Substituted at the C1‘ Position of the Alkyl Side Chain on the Structural Requirements for Binding to Cannabinoid Receptors CB1 and CB2. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2875-85. [PMID: 17521177 DOI: 10.1021/jm0610705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of 30 novel Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol analogues were subjected to three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship studies using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches. Using a combination of molecular modeling techniques and NMR spectroscopy, the putative bioactive conformation of the most potent cannabinoid (CB) ligand in the training set was determined. This conformer was used as the template and CB1 and CB2 pharmacophore models were developed. These models were fitted with experimental binding data and gave high correlation coefficients. Contour maps of the CB1 and CB2 models of CoMFA and CoMSIA approaches show that steric effects dominantly determine the binding affinities. The CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses based on the binding affinity data of CB ligands at the CB1 and CB2 receptors allowed us to deduce the possible optimal binding positions. This information can be used for the design of new CB analogues with enhanced activity and other tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Durdagi
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Tsotinis A, Vlachou M, Papahatjis DP, Calogeropoulou T, Nikas SP, Garratt PJ, Piccio V, Vonhoff S, Davidson K, Teh MT, Sugden D. Mapping the Melatonin Receptor. 7. Subtype Selective Ligands Based on β-SubstitutedN-Acyl-5-methoxytryptamines and β-SubstitutedN-Acyl-5-methoxy-1-methyltryptamines. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3509-19. [PMID: 16759094 DOI: 10.1021/jm0512544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of beta-substituted and beta,beta-disubstituted N-acyl 5-methoxy-1-methyltryptamines and 5-methoxytryptamines have been prepared as melatonin analogues to investigate the nature of the binding site of the melatonin receptor. The affinity of analogues was determined in a radioligand binding assay using cloned human MT(1) and MT(2) receptor subtypes expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Agonist and antagonist potency of all analogues was measured using the pigment aggregation response of a clonal line of Xenopus laevis melanophores. beta-Methylmelatonin (17a) and beta,beta-dimethylmelatonin (17b), though showing a slight decrease in binding at human receptors, show an increase in potency on Xenopus. N-Butanoyl 5-methoxy-1-methyl-beta,beta-trimethylenetryptamine (12c) is an antagonist at human MT(1) receptors but an agonist at MT(2), while N-butanoyl 5-methoxy-1-methyl-beta,beta-tetramethylenetryptamine (13c) is an antagonist at MT(1) but had no action at MT(2) and is one of the first examples of an MT(1) selective antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tsotinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, Athens 157 71, Greece.
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Papahatjis DP, Nahmias VR, Andreou T, Fan P, Makriyannis A. Structural modifications of the cannabinoid side chain towards C3-aryl and 1',1'-cycloalkyl-1'-cyano cannabinoids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1616-20. [PMID: 16387492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The compounds reported in this study are Delta(8)-THC analogues in which the C3 five-carbon linear side chain of Delta(8)-THC was replaced with aryl and 1',1'-cycloalkyl substituents. Of the compounds described here analogues 2d (CB(1), K(i)=11.7 nM. CB(2), K(i)=9.39 nM) and 2f (CB(1), K(i)=8.26 nM. CB(2), K(i)=3.86 nM) exhibited enhanced binding affinities for CB(1) and CB(2), exceeding that of Delta(8)-THC. Efficient procedures for the synthesis of these novel cannabinoid analogues are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetris P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou, Athens 116-35, Greece.
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Nikas SP, Grzybowska J, Papahatjis DP, Charalambous A, Banijamali AR, Chari R, Fan P, Kourouli T, Lin S, Nitowski AJ, Marciniak G, Guo Y, Li X, Wang CLJ, Makriyannis A. The role of halogen substitution in classical cannabinoids: a CB1 pharmacophore model. AAPS J 2004; 6:e30. [PMID: 15760095 PMCID: PMC2751226 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj060430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of halogens within the classical cannabinoid structure leads to large variations in the compounds' potencies and affinities for the CB1 receptors. To explore the structure activity relationships within this class of analogs we have used a series of halogen-substituted (-)-Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol analogs and compared their affinities for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Our results indicate that halogen substitution at the end-carbon of the side chain leads to an enhancement in affinity with the bulkier halogens (Br, I) producing the largest effects. Conversely, 2-iodo substitution on the phenolic ring leads to a 2-fold reduction in affinity while iodo-substitution in the C1'-position of the side chain lowers the compound's affinity for CB1 by more than 8-fold. The pharmacophoric requirements resulting from halogen-substitution are explored using computer modeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros P. Nikas
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Jolanta Grzybowska
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Demetris P. Papahatjis
- />Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass Constantinou, 116-35 Athens, Greece
| | - Avgui Charalambous
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Ali R. Banijamali
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
- />Crompton Corp, 06749 Middlebury, CT
| | - Ravi Chari
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Pusheng Fan
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Therapia Kourouli
- />Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass Constantinou, 116-35 Athens, Greece
| | - Sonyuan Lin
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | | | - Gilbert Marciniak
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Yan Guo
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Xiuyan Li
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | | | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- />Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Connecticut, 372 Fairfield Road, 06269 Storrs, CT
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Papahatjis DP, Nikas SP, Kourouli T, Chari R, Xu W, Pertwee RG, Makriyannis A. Pharmacophoric requirements for the cannabinoid side chain. Probing the cannabinoid receptor subsite at C1'. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3221-9. [PMID: 12852753 DOI: 10.1021/jm020558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Earlier work from our laboratories has provided evidence for the existence of a subsite within the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor binding domain corresponding to substituents at the benzylic side chain position of classical cannabinoids. The existence and stereochemical features of this subsite have now been probed through the synthesis of a novel series of (-)-Delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol analogues bearing C1'-ring substituents. Of the compounds described here, those with C1'-dithiolane (1c), C1'-dioxolane (2d), and cyclopentyl (2a) substituents exhibited the highest affinities for CB1 and CB2. We used molecular modeling approaches to better define the stereochemical limits of the putative subsite. In vitro pharmacological testing found 1c to be a potent CB1 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetris P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou, Athens 116-35 Greece.
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13
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Abstract
1',1'-Cyclopropyl side chain substituents enhance the affinities of Delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol and respective cannabidiol analogues for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. The results support the hypothesis for a subsite within CB1 and CB2 binding domain at the level of the benzylic side chain carbon in the tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol series. Efficient procedures for the synthesis of 1',1'-cyclopropyl analogues are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetris P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou, Athens 116-35, Greece
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Papahatjis DP, Nikas S, Tsotinis A, Vlachou M, Makriyannis A. A New Ring-Forming Methodology for the Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Bioactive Molecules. CHEM LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2001.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Papahatjis DP, Kourouli T, Abadji V, Goutopoulos A, Makriyannis A. Pharmacophoric requirements for cannabinoid side chains: multiple bond and C1'-substituted delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinols. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1195-200. [PMID: 9544219 DOI: 10.1021/jm970277i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence indicates that within the cannabinoid structure the aliphatic side chain plays a pivotal role in determining cannabimimetic activity. We describe the synthesis and affinities for the CB1 and CB2 receptors of a series of novel delta 8-THC analogues in which the side-chain pharmacophores are conformationally more defined than in the parent molecule. No analogue has the side-chain pharmacophore in a fully restricted conformation. However, our design serves to narrow down the scope of options for conformational requirements at the receptor active sites. All the analogues tested showed nanomolar or subnanomolar affinities for the receptors; 2-(6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-1-hydroxy-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyranyl)-2-hexyl-1,3-dithiolane was found to possess very high affinity for both cannabinoid receptors (CB1, Ki = 0.32 nM; CB2, Ki = 0.52 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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