1
|
Kasmalkar I, Wagenaar D, Bill-Weilandt A, Choong J, Manimaran S, Lim TN, Rabonza M, Lallemant D. Flow-tub model: A modified bathtub flood model with hydraulic connectivity and path-based attenuation. MethodsX 2024; 12:102524. [PMID: 38192359 PMCID: PMC10772817 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Global climate change and sea level rise are increasing the risks of flooding for coastal communities. Probabilistic coastal flood risk analysis at regional or global scales requires flood models with relatively low data requirements and low computational costs. Bathtub inundation models, which compute flood depth as the difference between water level and ground elevation, are well-suited for large-scale flood risk analysis. However, these models may overestimate floods because they do not capture some of the relevant underlying hydrodynamic processes that govern flood propagation on land. We present Flow-Tub, a modified bathtub inundation model that integrates two hydrodynamic processes to improve the accuracy of the bathtub inundation model while retaining computational efficiency: hydraulic connectivity and path-based attenuation.1.Hydraulic connectivity ensures that inundation is restricted to areas connected to the water source.2.Path-based attenuation ensures that the modeled flood water depths are reduced along the flow paths to represent the effects of surface friction and the temporary nature of storm surges. We validate the Flow-tub model against a hydrodynamic model. We also compare results of the bathtub model and the Flow-Tub model, highlighting the improved accuracy in the estimation of flood depths in the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Kasmalkar
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dennis Wagenaar
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alina Bill-Weilandt
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jeanette Choong
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sonali Manimaran
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tian Ning Lim
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Maricar Rabonza
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - David Lallemant
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pisciotta P, Hengeveld A, Visser S, Niezink A, Crijns A, Ribeiro C, Wagenaar D, Langendijk J, Guterres Marmitt G, Both S. PO-1498 Reduction of setup uncertainty in proton therapy for mediastinal lymphoma patients. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Wagenaar D, Langendijk J, Both S. PO-1747 Linear approximation of variable RBE models using only LET. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Wagenaar D. SP-0673 LET-guided treatment planning. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Wagenaar D, Langendijk J, Mohan V, Steenbakkers R, Vogel W, Both S. PO-1797 Relating proton LETd to biological response of salivary glands using PSMA-PET in clinical patients. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Visser S, Wijsman R, Wagenaar D, Ribeiro C, Knopf A, Langendijk J, Korevaar E, Both S. PD-0894 The impact of beam setup on robustness and organs-at-risk dose in IMPT for lung cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Wagenaar D, Hermawan T, van den Homberg MJC, Aerts JCJH, Kreibich H, de Moel H, Bouwer LM. Improved Transferability of Data-Driven Damage Models Through Sample Selection Bias Correction. Risk Anal 2021; 41:37-55. [PMID: 32830337 PMCID: PMC7891600 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Damage models for natural hazards are used for decision making on reducing and transferring risk. The damage estimates from these models depend on many variables and their complex sometimes nonlinear relationships with the damage. In recent years, data-driven modeling techniques have been used to capture those relationships. The available data to build such models are often limited. Therefore, in practice it is usually necessary to transfer models to a different context. In this article, we show that this implies the samples used to build the model are often not fully representative for the situation where they need to be applied on, which leads to a "sample selection bias." In this article, we enhance data-driven damage models by applying methods, not previously applied to damage modeling, to correct for this bias before the machine learning (ML) models are trained. We demonstrate this with case studies on flooding in Europe, and typhoon wind damage in the Philippines. Two sample selection bias correction methods from the ML literature are applied and one of these methods is also adjusted to our problem. These three methods are combined with stochastic generation of synthetic damage data. We demonstrate that for both case studies, the sample selection bias correction techniques reduce model errors, especially for the mean bias error this reduction can be larger than 30%. The novel combination with stochastic data generation seems to enhance these techniques. This shows that sample selection bias correction methods are beneficial for damage model transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wagenaar
- DeltaresDelftThe Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental StudiesVU University AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
- DeltaresDelftThe Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental StudiesVU University AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Heidi Kreibich
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany
| | - Hans de Moel
- Institute for Environmental StudiesVU University AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Laurens M. Bouwer
- Climate Service Center GermanyHelmholtz‐Zentrum GeesthachtHamburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meijers A, Free J, Wagenaar D, Deffet S, Knopf AC, Langendijk JA, Both S. Validation of the proton range accuracy and optimization of CT calibration curves utilizing range probing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:03NT02. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab66e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Wagenaar D, Kierkels R, van der Schaaf A, Meijers A, Scandurra D, Sijtsema M, Korevaar E, Steenbakkers R, Knopf A, Langendijk J, Both S. Robustness Evaluation Using Dose Accumulation in Head and Neck IMPT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Meijers A, Free J, Wagenaar D, Deffet S, Knopf A, Langendijk J, Both S. OC-0564 A novel range probing-based optimization of CT calibration curve for Proton Therapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Wagenaar D, Kierkels R, Van der Schaaf A, Reis MR, Meijers A, Scandurra D, Sijtsema M, Korevaar E, Knopf A, Van den Hoek A, Langendijk J, Both S. OC-0086 Probabilistic Dose Accumulation Based Evaluation of Head and Neck Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Wagenaar D, Kierkels R, Free J, Langendijk J, Korevaar E. Robust and Adaptive 4D Optimization of VMAT in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Flipse J, Dejene FK, Wagenaar D, Bauer GEW, Ben Youssef J, van Wees BJ. Observation of the spin Peltier effect for magnetic insulators. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:027601. [PMID: 25062233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.027601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the spin Peltier effect (SPE) in the ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG), i.e., a heat current generated by a spin current flowing through a platinum (Pt)|YIG interface. The effect can be explained by the spin transfer torque that transforms the spin current in the Pt into a magnon current in the YIG. Via magnon-phonon interactions the magnetic fluctuations modulate the phonon temperature that is detected by a thermopile close to the interface. By finite-element modeling we verify the reciprocity between the spin Peltier and spin Seebeck effect. The observed strong coupling between thermal magnons and phonons in YIG is attractive for nanoscale cooling techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Flipse
- Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F K Dejene
- Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Wagenaar
- Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G E W Bauer
- Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands and Institute for Materials Research and WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - J Ben Youssef
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire de Magnétisme de Bretagne CNRS, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - B J van Wees
- Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bakker FL, Flipse J, Slachter A, Wagenaar D, van Wees BJ. Thermoelectric detection of ferromagnetic resonance of a nanoscale ferromagnet. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:167602. [PMID: 22680756 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.167602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present thermoelectric measurements of the heat dissipated due to ferromagnetic resonance of a Permalloy strip. A microwave magnetic field, produced by an on-chip coplanar strip waveguide, is used to drive the magnetization precession. The generated heat is detected via Seebeck measurements on a thermocouple connected to the ferromagnet. The observed resonance peak shape is in agreement with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and is compared with thermoelectric finite-element modeling. Unlike other methods, this technique is not restricted to electrically conductive media and is therefore also applicable to for instance ferromagnetic insulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F L Bakker
- Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Charlier C, Segers K, Wagenaar D, Karim L, Berghmans S, Jaillon O, Shay T, Weissenbach J, Cockett N, Gyapay G, Georges M. Human-ovine comparative sequencing of a 250-kb imprinted domain encompassing the callipyge (clpg) locus and identification of six imprinted transcripts: DLK1, DAT, GTL2, PEG11, antiPEG11, and MEG8. Genome Res 2001; 11:850-62. [PMID: 11337479 PMCID: PMC311092 DOI: 10.1101/gr.172701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two ovine BAC clones and a connecting long-range PCR product, jointly spanning approximately 250 kb and representing most of the MULGE5-OY3 marker interval known to contain the clpg locus, were completely sequenced. The resulting genomic sequence was aligned with its human ortholog and extensively annotated. Six transcripts, four of which were novel, were predicted to originate from within the analyzed region and their existence confirmed experimentally: DLK1, DAT, GTL2, PEG11, antiPEG11, and MEG8. RT-PCR experiments performed on a range of tissues sampled from an 8-wk-old animal demonstrated the preferential expression of all six transcripts in skeletal muscle, which suggests that they are under control of common regulatory elements. The six transcripts were also shown to be subject to parental imprinting: DLK1, DAT, and PEG11 were shown to be paternally expressed and GTL2, antiPEG11, and MEG8 to be maternally expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Charlier
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège (B43), 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Farnir F, Coppieters W, Arranz JJ, Berzi P, Cambisano N, Grisart B, Karim L, Marcq F, Moreau L, Mni M, Nezer C, Simon P, Vanmanshoven P, Wagenaar D, Georges M. Extensive genome-wide linkage disequilibrium in cattle. Genome Res 2000; 10:220-7. [PMID: 10673279 DOI: 10.1101/gr.10.2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) map was generated using microsatellite genotypes (284 autosomal microsatellite loci) of 581 gametes sampled from the dutch black-and-white dairy cattle population. LD was measured between all marker pairs, both syntenic and nonsyntenic. Analysis of syntenic pairs revealed surprisingly high levels of LD that, although more pronounced for closely linked marker pairs, extended over several tens of centimorgan. In addition, significant gametic associations were also shown to be very common between nonsyntenic loci. Simulations using the known genealogies of the studied sample indicate that random drift alone is likely to account for most of the observed disequilibrium. No clear evidence was obtained for a direct effect of selection ("Bulmer effect"). The observation of long range disequilibrium between syntenic loci using low-density marker maps indicates that LD mapping has the potential to be very effective in livestock populations. The frequent occurrence of gametic associations between nonsyntenic loci, however, encourages the combined use of linkage and linkage disequilibrium methods to avoid false positive results when mapping genes in livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Farnir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège (B43), 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Riquet J, Coppieters W, Cambisano N, Arranz JJ, Berzi P, Davis SK, Grisart B, Farnir F, Karim L, Mni M, Simon P, Taylor JF, Vanmanshoven P, Wagenaar D, Womack JE, Georges M. Fine-mapping of quantitative trait loci by identity by descent in outbred populations: application to milk production in dairy cattle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:9252-7. [PMID: 10430929 PMCID: PMC17766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.16.9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously mapped a quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting milk production to bovine chromosome 14. To refine the map position of this QTL, we have increased the density of the genetic map of BTA14q11-16 by addition of nine microsatellites and three single nucleotide polymorphisms. Fine-mapping of the QTL was accomplished by a two-tiered approach. In the first phase, we identified seven sires heterozygous "Qq" for the QTL by marker-assisted segregation analysis in a Holstein-Friesian pedigree comprising 1,158 individuals. In a second phase, we genotyped the seven selected sires for the newly developed high-density marker map and searched for a shared haplotype flanking an hypothetical, identical-by-descent QTL allele with large substitution effect. The seven chromosomes increasing milk fat percentage were indeed shown to carry a common chromosome segment with an estimated size of 5 cM predicted to contain the studied QTL. The same haplotype was shown to be associated with increased fat percentage in the general population as well, providing additional support in favor of the location of the QTL within the corresponding interval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Riquet
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège (B43), 20 Bd de Colonster, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coppieters W, Riquet J, Arranz JJ, Berzi P, Cambisano N, Grisart B, Karim L, Marcq F, Moreau L, Nezer C, Simon P, Vanmanshoven P, Wagenaar D, Georges M. A QTL with major effect on milk yield and composition maps to bovine chromosome 14. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:540-4. [PMID: 9657851 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A whole genome scan was undertaken in a granddaughter design comprising 1158 progeny-tested bulls in order to map QTL influencing milk yield and composition. In this paper we report the identification of a locus on the centromeric end of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 14, with major effect on fat and protein percentage as well as milk yield. The genuine nature of this QTL was verified using the grand2-daughter design, that is, by tracing the segregating QTL alleles from heterozygous grandsires to their maternal grandsons and confirming the predicted QTL allele substitution effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Coppieters
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arranz JJ, Coppieters W, Berzi P, Cambisano N, Grisart B, Karim L, Marcq F, Moreau L, Mezer C, Riquet J, Simon P, Vanmanshoven P, Wagenaar D, Georges M. A QTL affecting milk yield and composition maps to bovine chromosome 20: a confirmation. Anim Genet 1998; 29:107-15. [PMID: 9699270 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As part of a whole genome scan undertaken to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk yield and composition, we have genotyped a granddaughter design comprising 1152 sons for six microsatellite markers spanning bovine chromosome 20. An analysis performed across families provided strong evidence (experiment-wise P-values < 0.01) for the presence of a QTL affecting primarily protein percentage towards the telomeric end of the chromosome. A founder sire, shown in a previous study to segregate for a similar QTL in the corresponding chromosome region, was characterized by 29 and 57 sons and maternal grandsons, respectively, in the present design. Sorting corresponding sons and grandsons by paternal or grandpaternal allele provided significant evidence for the segregation of a QTL on chromosome 20. Altogether these results confirm the location of a QTL affecting milk production on bovine chromosome 20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Arranz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The specific objective for this research was to determine initial psychometric properties of the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) as a measure of pain intensity for use with the elderly. DESIGN The study was descriptive correlational in nature, with nonrandom sampling. A total sample of 168 community subjects (30-121, depending on task completed), aged 65 or older, participated in the research protocol. To determine the validity, reliability, and scaling properties of the FPS, rating and ranking procedures, placement tasks, and test-retest methods were used. RESULTS Response to six Likert-type items indicated that subjects agreed that the FPS represents pain: however, it is clear that the perception of the meaning of the faces can be influenced by the context in which they are presented. Rank ordering tasks for the individual faces demonstrated near-perfect agreement between the actual expected ranking and the ranking produced by the subjects (Kendall's W = .97, p = .00). When subjects placed individual faces along a 1-m-long red wedge indicating the amount of pain represented by each face, statistically significant separation of the faces in the anticipated equal interval position was demonstrated by the lack of overlap of the 95% confidence intervals when all faces were viewed and positioned simultaneously. However, when subjects placed faces independent of others, the expected placement fell outside the 95% confidence limit for three of the five faces placed. In addition, the actual intervals between the five faces placed by subjects demonstrated substantial variances from the 167 mm expected in several instances. Rating a vividly remembered painful experience about the degree of pain perceived using the FPS initially and again 2 weeks later, the FPS demonstrated strong reproducibility over time with a Spearman rho correlation coefficient of .94 (p = .01). CONCLUSION These results provide preliminary support for the construct validity, strong ordinal properties, and strong test-retest reliability of the FPS with a sample of elderly individuals. The equality of intervals in the FPS has not been fully supported in the older adult, but given the complexity of the task used, the results should not be considered to be refuted. Further evaluation of the FPS with experimental and clinical pain conditions and comparison with other standard pain assessment instruments in the elderly population are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Herr
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Tuama LA, Janicek MJ, Barnes PD, Scott RM, Black PM, Sallan SE, Tarbell NJ, Kupsky WJ, Wagenaar D, Ulanski JS. 201Tl/99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging of treated childhood brain tumors. Pediatr Neurol 1991; 7:249-57. [PMID: 1930415 DOI: 10.1016/0887-8994(91)90040-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To assess whether thallium-201 thallous chloride (Tl) can detect childhood tumors and whether diagnostic effectiveness improves with combined blood flow imaging, 28 children (1.0-18.6 years) were studied using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): Tl (1.3-1.8 mCi intravenously), followed in 13 of the patients by technetium-99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO; 8-18 mCi intravenously). Tl-uptake was markedly increased with histologically confirmed recurrent brain tumors (N = 12). Tl-avid tumors comprised several histologic types, including 6 astrocytomas/gliomas as well as nonastrocytic neoplasms, such as medulloblastoma and ependymoma. A questionable false-positive study was observed with a treated medulloblastoma. Tl failed to detect 5 tumors (i.e., 2 medulloblastomas, 1 ependymoma, 1 malignant schwannoma, and initially 1 low-grade astrocytoma). The sensitivity and specificity of 201Tl-SPECT for detection of childhood brain tumors was 76.9% and 93.3%, respectively. The mean tumor-to-normal brain ratio for Tl was 2.5 +/- 0.5 (N = 7). In some of the patients, 201Tl-SPECT allowed a more precise assessment of the functional state of the tumor than was possible with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. HMPAO distribution was variously normal, increased or decreased at the site of tissue abnormality, and abnormal blood flow was demonstrated in the remaining neuraxis, in 3 of the 7 patients. Changes in tissue perfusion did not correlate with Tl findings, but were evaluated in only one false-negative study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A O'Tuama
- Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine), Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|