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Beros JL, King ES, Clarke D, Jaeschke-Angi L, Rodger J, Tang AD. Static magnetic stimulation induces structural plasticity at the axon initial segment of inhibitory cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1479. [PMID: 38233493 PMCID: PMC10794225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Static magnetic stimulation (SMS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that alters neural activity and induces neural plasticity that outlasts the period of stimulation. This can modify corticospinal excitability or motor behaviours, suggesting that SMS may alter the intrinsic excitability of neurons. In mammalian neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential initiation and undergoes structural plasticity (changes in length and position from the soma) as a homeostatic mechanism to counteract chronic changes in neuronal activity. We investigated whether the chronic application of SMS (6 and 48 h, 0.5 T) induces structural AIS plasticity in postnatally derived primary cortical neurons. Following 6 h of SMS, we observed a shortening in mean AIS length compared to control, that persisted 24 h post stimulation. In contrast, 48 h of SMS induced an immediate distal shift that persisted 24 h post-stimulation. Pharmacological blockade of voltage gated L/T-type calcium channels during stimulation did not prevent SMS-induced AIS structural plasticity. Our findings provide the foundation to expand the use of chronic SMS as a non-invasive method to promote AIS plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Beros
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia.
| | - E S King
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - D Clarke
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L Jaeschke-Angi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - J Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - A D Tang
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
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Brubacher JR, Chan H, Erdelyi S, Yuan Y, Daoust R, Vaillancourt C, Rowe B, Lee J, Mercier E, Atkinson P, Davis P, Clarke D, Taylor J, Macpherson A, Emond M, Al-Hakim D, Horwood C, Wishart I, Magee K, Rao J, Eppler J. High-'n'-dry? A comparison of cannabis and alcohol use in drivers presenting to hospital after a vehicular collision. Addiction 2023; 118:1507-1516. [PMID: 36898848 DOI: 10.1111/add.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
DESIGN This was a prospective observational study. BACKGROUND AND AIMS The characteristics of cannabis-involved motor vehicle collisions are poorly understood. This study of injured drivers identifies demographic and collision characteristics associated with high tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations. SETTING The study was conducted in 15 Canadian trauma centres between January 2018 and December 2021. CASES The cases (n = 6956) comprised injured drivers who required blood testing as part of routine trauma care. MEASUREMENTS We quantified whole blood THC and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and recorded driver sex, age and postal code, time of crash, crash type and injury severity. We defined three driver groups: high THC (THC ≥ 5 ng/ml and BAC = 0), high alcohol (BAC ≥ 0.08% and THC = 0) and THC/BAC-negative (THC = 0 = BAC). We used logistic regression techniques to identify factors associated with group membership. FINDINGS Most injured drivers (70.2%) were THC/BAC-negative; 1274 (18.3%) had THC > 0, including 186 (2.7%) in the high THC group; 1161 (16.7%) had BAC > 0, including 606 (8.7%) in the high BAC group. Males and drivers aged less than 45 years had higher adjusted odds of being in the high THC group (versus the THC/BAC-negative group). Importantly, 4.6% of drivers aged less than 19 years had THC ≥ 5 ng/ml, and drivers aged less than 19 years had higher unadjusted odds of being in the high THC group than drivers aged 45-54 years. Males, drivers aged 19-44 years, rural drivers, seriously injured drivers and drivers injured in single-vehicle, night-time or weekend collisions had higher adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for being in the high alcohol group (versus THC/BAC-negative). Drivers aged less than 35 or more than 65 years and drivers involved in multi-vehicle, daytime or weekday collisions had higher adjusted odds for being in the high THC group (versus the high BAC group). CONCLUSIONS In Canada, risk factors for cannabis-related motor vehicle collisions appear to differ from those for alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions. The collision factors associated with alcohol (single-vehicle, night-time, weekend, rural, serious injury) are not associated with cannabis-related collisions. Demographic factors (young drivers, male drivers) are associated with both alcohol and cannabis-related collisions, but are more strongly associated with cannabis-related collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Brubacher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - H Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - S Erdelyi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - R Daoust
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - C Vaillancourt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - B Rowe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Mercier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - P Atkinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, St John, NB, Canada
| | - P Davis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - D Clarke
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J Taylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - A Macpherson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - M Emond
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - D Al-Hakim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - C Horwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, St John, NB, Canada
| | - I Wishart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Magee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J Rao
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J Eppler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Columbia, BC, Canada
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Kong V, Cheung C, Buitendag J, Rajaretnam N, Xu W, Varghese C, Bruce J, Laing G, Clarke D. Abdominal stab wounds with retained knife: 15 years of experience from a major trauma centre in South Africa. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:407-412. [PMID: 35175869 PMCID: PMC10149242 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study reviews our cumulative experience with the management of patients presenting with a retained knife following an abdominal stab wound (SW). METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a major trauma centre in South Africa over a 15-year period from July 2006 to December 2020 including all patients who presented with a retained knife in the abdomen following a SW. RESULTS A total of 42 cases were included: 37 males (93%) with a mean age of 26 years. A total of 18 knives (43%) were in the anterior abdomen and 24 were posterior abdomen. Plain radiography was performed in 88% (37/42) of cases and computed tomography was performed in 81% (34/42); 90% (38/42) underwent extraction in the operating theatre. Laparotomy was performed in 62% (26/42). Of all the laparotomies performed, 77% (20/26) were positive for intra-abdominal organ or visceral injury. Overall morbidity was 31%. There were two mortalities (5%). Laparotomy was less commonly required for the posterior abdomen (33% (8/24) vs 100% (18/18), p<0.001). For retained knives in the anterior abdomen, 72% (13/18) of the laparotomies were positive for intra-abdominal organ or visceral injury. For the posterior abdomen, 7 of the 8 (88%) were positive for intra-abdominal organ or visceral injury. There were no differences in the need for intensive care unit admission, length of hospital stay, morbidities or mortalities. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled extraction of a retained knife in the abdomen outside of the operating theatre must be avoided. Retained knives in the anterior abdomen usually require formal laparotomy, but this is generally not required for posterior abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kong
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Cheung
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - W Xu
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C Varghese
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Bruce
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - G Laing
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Kong L, Kong VY, Christey G, Ah Yen D, Amey J, Denize B, Marsden G, Clarke D. Clinical Decision Making For Abdominal Stab Wounds In High Resourced But Low Volume Centers Require Structured Guidelines To Be Effective. Surgery in Practice and Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sipas.2022.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hwong AR, Kuhl EA, Compton WM, Benton T, Grzenda A, Doty B, Thompson L, Gogtay N, Clarke D, Alpert J. Climate Change and Mental Health: Implications for the Psychiatric Workforce. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:592-595. [PMID: 34369808 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a major global public mental health crisis that is expected to increase the need for mental health services. Psychiatrists and other mental health care providers must address workforce needs through recruitment, training and education, prevention and intervention, public policy and advocacy, and direct efforts to reduce climate change. This column discusses concrete steps for the psychiatric workforce to take to prepare for growing mental health needs associated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Hwong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Emily A Kuhl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Wilson M Compton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Tami Benton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Adrienne Grzenda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Benjamin Doty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Laura Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Diana Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
| | - Jonathan Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, and National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco (Hwong).,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (Hwong).,Right Brain/Left Brain, Stafford, Virginia (Kuhl).,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, D.C. (Compton).,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Benton).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda).,Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (Doty, Thompson, Gogtay, Clarke).,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City (Alpert). Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., and Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
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Hwong AR, Wang M, Khan H, Chagwedera DN, Grzenda A, Doty B, Benton T, Alpert J, Clarke D, Compton WM. Climate change and mental health research methods, gaps, and priorities: a scoping review. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e281-e291. [PMID: 35278392 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on climate change and mental health is a new but rapidly growing field. To summarise key advances and gaps in the current state of climate change and mental health studies, we conducted a scoping review that comprehensively examined research methodologies using large-scale datasets. We identified 56 eligible articles published in Embase, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science between Jan 1, 2000, and Aug 9, 2020. The primary data collection method used was surveys, which focused on self-reported mental health effects due to acute and subacute climate events. Other approaches used administrative health records to study the effect of environmental temperature on hospital admissions for mental health conditions, and national vital statistics to assess the relationship between environmental temperature and suicide rates with regression analyses. Our work highlights the need to link population-based mental health outcome databases to weather data for causal inference. Collaborations between mental health providers and data scientists can guide the formation of clinically relevant research questions on climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Hwong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; National Clinician Scholars Program, UCSF and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Margaret Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hammad Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D Nyasha Chagwedera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne Grzenda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Doty
- American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tami Benton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Diana Clarke
- American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA
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Thomson S, Clarke D. Establishing and integrating datasets beyond instilling a culture of capture. S AFR J SURG 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/sajs3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Reíd B, Kong V, Xu W, Thirayan V, Cheung C, Rajaretnam N, Manchev V, Bekker W, Bruce J, Laing G, Clarke D. An audit of trauma laparotomy in children and adolescents highlights the role of damage control surgery and the need for a trauma systems approach to injury in this vulnerable population. S AFR J SURG 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/sajs3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study reviews the indications and outcome of emergency laparotomy for paediatric trauma in a South African trauma centre. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all children less than 18 years of age who underwent an emergency laparotomy for trauma between December 2012 and October 2020 at Grey's Hospital in Pietermaritzburg. RESULTS: During the eight-year period under review, a total of136 children of which 107 were male underwent a laparotomy for trauma. The median age was 14 years. There were 80 (57.1%) blunt mechanisms, and the rest were penetrating mechanisms. A total of 46 (33%) patients required ICU admission. Thirty-four patients developed a complication. These included nine cases of pneumonia, one case of renal failure, two patients developed abdominal collections, three wound-related complications, three neurological complications and one miscellaneous complication. There were seven (5%) deaths. The penetrating cohort were older than the blunt cohort. Solid viscera were more likely to be injured in the blunt cohort and hollow viscera more likely in the penetrating cohort. A total of 16 (11%) patients underwent damage control surgery (DCS). Of this cohort, there were three female children. Six sustained blunt trauma and ten penetrating trauma. A total of six (37%) of these children died. CONCLUSION: Emergency laparotomy for trauma in children is not infrequent in Pietermaritzburg and there is a high incidence of penetrating trauma in this cohort. The response to increased degrees of physiological derangement is the application of DCS. Ongoing efforts to develop and strengthen a paediatric trauma service appear to be justified.
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Laing G, Bekker W, Bruce J, Clarke D. Reflections on the development of the Hybrid Electronic Medical Registry in Pietermaritzburg. S AFR J SURG 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/sajs3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent and sometimes severely disabling. Providing effective treatment for PTSD and addressing its social consequences require accurate diagnosis. PTSD criteria have changed in all editions of the American Diagnostic Criteria since introduction of the diagnosis in DSM-III in 1980. The DSM-5 Field Trials demonstrated very good inter-rater reliability for PTSD, but a crosswalk study comparing DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria has potential to identify diagnostic differences generated by changed criteria. Methods: A DSM-IV to DSM-5 PTSD crosswalk study was conducted in real-world adult clinical treatment settings in two DSM-5 Field Trials sites, the Dallas (N = 93) and Houston (N = 48) Veterans Affairs medical centers. The crosswalk assessment was conducted by trained clinicians who interviewed the patients and rated both sets of criteria on a combined checklist. Results: PTSD prevalence differed insubstantially between criteria sets (42% vs. 45% and 55% vs. 52% in the Dallas and Houston sites, respectively), with moderate to excellent diagnostic agreement (reliability indicated, respectively, by κ = .53 and .93); however, substantial proportions of individuals diagnosed in one criteria set did not meet criteria in the other. Differences in cross-criteria diagnostic reliability were largely a function of differing definitions of criterion A trauma. Conclusions: Reliability across the two criteria sets was generally good to excellent, and diagnostic discrepancy predominantly reflected the elimination of criterion A2 in DSM-5 with a smaller contribution from changes to the avoidance and numbing criteria.
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Kong V, Cheung C, Buitendag J, Rajaretnam N, Varghese C, Elsabagh A, Bekker W, Bruce J, Laing G, Clarke D. Management of penetrating thoracic trauma with retained knife blade: 15-year experience from a major trauma centre in South Africa. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:308-313. [PMID: 34931547 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study reviews our experience with the management a retained knife in the setting of thoracic stab wounds. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a major trauma in South Africa over a 15-year period from January 2004 to December 2018. RESULTS There were 40 patients, of whom 37 were males (93%). Median age was 24 years; 78% of cases (31 of 40) were a retained knife and 23% (9 of 40) were a retained blade. The locations of the stab wounds were 19 (48%) anterior and 21 (53%) posterior. Plain x-ray was performed in 85% (34) of patients and computed tomography angiography was performed in 85% (34). Six patients had haemodynamic instability and were expedited to the operating room without further imaging. Three of these had cardiac tamponade and three a massive haemothorax. Simple extraction and wound exploration were performed in 58% (23 of 40) of cases and the remaining 43% (17 of 40) required operative exploration and extraction. The operative approach was anterolateral thoracotomy in nine cases, posterolateral thoracotomy in four and median sternotomy in three cases. One patient required extraction and concurrent vertebral laminectomy due to cord compression. Twelve patients (30%) experienced complications (nine wound sepsis and three hospital-acquired pneumonia). There was one mortality (3%). The median length of hospital stay was 6 days. CONCLUSION Uncontrolled extraction of a retained thoracic knife outside the operating room must be avoided. An unstable patient should proceed directly for operative exploration. For stable patients, cross-sectional imaging will allow for planned extraction in operating room.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kong
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Cheung
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - C Varghese
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Elsabagh
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - W Bekker
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - J Bruce
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - G Laing
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - D Clarke
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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12
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Shaw K, Bell L, Boyd K, Grijseels DM, Clarke D, Bonnar O, Crombag HS, Hall CN. Publisher Correction: Neurovascular coupling and oxygenation are decreased in hippocampus compared to neocortex because of microvascular differences. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4497. [PMID: 34282153 PMCID: PMC8289894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Shaw
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - L Bell
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - K Boyd
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - D M Grijseels
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - D Clarke
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - O Bonnar
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - H S Crombag
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - C N Hall
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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13
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Shaw PJ, Leung KC, Clarke D. The fractionation of phosphorus in UK chalk stream surface waters and its relevance to the regulation and management of water quality. J Environ Manage 2021; 289:112555. [PMID: 33848882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory management of river water quality requires measurements of phosphorus that are operationally viable and meaningful in terms of insight into its effects. This need is a particular concern in globally rare and ecologically sensitive chalk streams. P data pertaining to rivers are commonly limited to soluble reactive P; other fractions of P may be of concern but are not routinely monitored. This study seeks to establish the nature and extent of non-regulated forms of P in UK chalk streams. Whilst soluble reactive P in two southern English chalk streams was found to comprise the majority of reactive P in surface waters in the majority of samples, 15-20% of the total reactive P was within other size fractions greater than 0.22 μm. The contribution of reactive P to the total P was highly variable. We conclude that, with some adjustments, the established method of regulatory monitoring of P in UK rivers is viable and valuable. In cases where the levels of reactive P are not consistent with ecological status and/or expected outcomes of programmes of measures, we recommend that targeted analysis of non-regulated forms of P is undertaken as a means to guide and focus management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Shaw
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - K-C Leung
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - D Clarke
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton Boldrewood Innovation Campus, Burgess Road, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK
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14
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Shaw K, Bell L, Boyd K, Grijseels DM, Clarke D, Bonnar O, Crombag HS, Hall CN. Neurovascular coupling and oxygenation are decreased in hippocampus compared to neocortex because of microvascular differences. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3190. [PMID: 34045465 PMCID: PMC8160329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is essential for spatial and episodic memory but is damaged early in Alzheimer's disease and is very sensitive to hypoxia. Understanding how it regulates its oxygen supply is therefore key for designing interventions to preserve its function. However, studies of neurovascular function in the hippocampus in vivo have been limited by its relative inaccessibility. Here we compared hippocampal and visual cortical neurovascular function in awake mice, using two photon imaging of individual neurons and vessels and measures of regional blood flow and haemoglobin oxygenation. We show that blood flow, blood oxygenation and neurovascular coupling were decreased in the hippocampus compared to neocortex, because of differences in both the vascular network and pericyte and endothelial cell function. Modelling oxygen diffusion indicates that these features of the hippocampal vasculature may restrict oxygen availability and could explain its sensitivity to damage during neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, where the brain's energy supply is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shaw
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - L Bell
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - K Boyd
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - D M Grijseels
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - D Clarke
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - O Bonnar
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - H S Crombag
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - C N Hall
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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15
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Niemiec B, Gawor J, Nemec A, Clarke D, McLeod K, Tutt C, Gioso M, Steagall PV, Chandler M, Morgenegg G, Jouppi R. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:E36-E161. [PMID: 32715504 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases are some of the most common problems in small animal veterinary practice. These conditions create significant pain as well as localized and potentially systemic infection. As such, the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) believes that un- and under treated oral and dental diseases pose a significant animal welfare concern. Dentistry is an area of veterinary medicine which is still widely ignored and is subject to many myths and misconceptions. Effective teaching of veterinary dentistry in the veterinary school is the key to progression in this field of veterinary medicine, and to the improvement of welfare for all our patients globally. These guidelines were developed to provide veterinarians with the information required to understand best practices for dental therapy and create realistic minimum standards of care. Using the three-tiered continuing education system of WSAVA, the guidelines make global equipment and therapeutic recommendations and highlight the anaesthetic and welfare requirements for small animal patients. This document contains information on common oral and dental pathologies, diagnostic procedures (an easily implementable and repeatable scoring system for dental health, dental radiography and radiology) and treatments (periodontal therapy, extractions). Further, there are sections on anaesthesia and pain management for dental procedures, home dental care, nutritional information, and recommendations on the role of the universities in improving veterinary dentistry. A discussion of the deleterious effects of anaesthesia free dentistry (AFD) is included, as this procedure is ineffective at best and damaging at worst. Throughout the document the negative effects of undiagnosed and/or treated dental disease on the health and well-being of our patients, and how this equates to an animal welfare issue, is discussed.
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16
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O'Meara FM, Gardiner GE, Clarke D, Cummins W, O'Doherty JV, Lawlor PG. Microbiological assessment of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig units. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:356-369. [PMID: 32681565 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the microbiological and nutritional quality of liquid finisher pig feed on commercial production units and the factors influencing this. METHODS AND RESULTS Microbiological and physio-chemical analyses were performed on liquid feed sampled from the mixing tank and troughs of the finisher section of eight commercial pig units. Lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Escherichia coli counts, as well as lactic acid, ethanol and acetate concentrations were higher in residual feed sampled from the troughs compared with mixing tank samples (P < 0·001). Feed pH, as well as lysine, methionine and threonine concentrations and gross energy were all lower in the residual trough samples (P < 0·001). Liquid co-products reduced E. coli counts in the residual trough samples (P < 0·05), pH in the mixing tank (P < 0·01) and fresh trough samples (P < 0·05) and mould counts at all three sampling locations (P < 0·01) but sanitation practices had no impact. CONCLUSIONS Even when considered unfermented, a considerable degree of spontaneous fermentation occurs in liquid feed, with resultant negative effects on nutritional quality. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is one of the first studies showing that uncontrolled fermentation of fresh liquid pig feed is commonplace on commercial units, highlighting the need for implementation of suitable control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M O'Meara
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - G E Gardiner
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - D Clarke
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - W Cummins
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - J V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P G Lawlor
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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17
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Niemiec B, Gawor J, Nemec A, Clarke D, McLeod K, Tutt C, Gioso M, Steagall PV, Chandler M, Morgenegg G, Jouppi R, McLeod K. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:395-403. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Niemiec
- Veterinary Dental Specialties & Oral Surgery San Diego CA USA
| | - J. Gawor
- Klinika Weterynaryjna Arka Kraków Poland
| | - A. Nemec
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - D. Clarke
- David Clarke Dental Care for Pets MelbourneAustralia
| | - K. McLeod
- The Veterinary Dentist Cape Town South Africa
| | - C. Tutt
- The Veterinary Dentist Cape Town South Africa
| | - M. Gioso
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - P. V. Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de Montréal Saint‐Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | | | | | - R. Jouppi
- Laurentian University Sudbury ON Canada
| | - K. McLeod
- Conundrum Consulting Toronto ON Canada
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18
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Williams R, Hull K, Clarke D, Graham L, Hawkins R, Cundill B, Ellwood A, Farrin A, Fisher J, Goodwin M, Holland M, Hulme C, Kelly C, Forster A. Process evaluation exploring the delivery and uptake of a posture and mobility training package in care homes. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Williams R, Clarke D, Graham L, Hawkins R, Cundill B, Ellwood A, Farrin A, Fisher J, Goodwin M, Holland M, Hull K, Hulme C, Kelly C, Forster A. 102 Process Evaluation Exploring the Delivery and Uptake of Posture and Mobility Training for Staff in Care Homes. Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz196.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Provision of care for care home residents with complex needs is challenging. Physiotherapists can play a major role in enhancing the confidence, skills and abilities of care home staff. The Skilful Care Training Package (SCTP) aims to provide staff with an understanding of good posture and training in skilled facilitation of movement. This process evaluation explored barriers and facilitators to delivery and uptake of the SCTP within the context of a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) in 10 care homes.
Methods
A mixed methods process evaluation, incorporating non-participant observations and interviews, conducted in the five care homes receiving the SCTP intervention. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim; resident conversations were captured via a Dictaphone and/or field-notes. Data analysis used the Framework approach.
Results
Fourteen staff training sessions were observed. Interviews with 22 staff and four trainers, and 13 conversations with residents were completed. Five factors influenced delivery and uptake of the SCTP:Organisational factors: strategies to publicise and facilitate access to training improved attendance; a convenient training location and trainer flexibility encouraged attendance and staff engagement.Intervention delivery: a practical participatory element to the training was highly valued; adapting the training to meet the needs of the homes was well-received.Engagement and interaction: relating training to workplace and residents’ experiences engaged staff; high levels of engagement and positive interaction within the training sessions were reported; challenges relating to staff hierarchy affected training delivery in some homes.Intervention content: posture and mobility elements were seen as important; however, some repetition with prior training was highlighted.Training impact: there were indications that staff adopted SCTP techniques. Staff reported an increase in their wellbeing and confidence in movement facilitation; cascade training was reported in some homes.
Conclusions
Training was well-received, and feedback on its impact was largely positive. Practical elements were viewed favourably over classroom-based learning. Intervention content should be revised to optimise focus and avoid overlap with other training.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Williams
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Bradford Institute for Health Research
| | - D Clarke
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds
| | - L Graham
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Bradford Institute for Health Research
| | - R Hawkins
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds
| | - B Cundill
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds
| | - A Ellwood
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Bradford Institute for Health Research
| | - A Farrin
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds
| | | | - M Goodwin
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds
| | - M Holland
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds
| | | | - C Hulme
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter
| | - C Kelly
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds
| | - A Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Bradford Institute for Health Research
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds
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20
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Nunan J, Clarke D, Malakouti A, Tannetta D, Calthrop A, Xu XH, Chan NB, Khalil R, Li W, Walden A. Triage Into the Community for COVID-19 (TICC-19) Patients Pathway - Service evaluation of the virtual monitoring of patients with COVID pneumonia. Acute Med 2020; 19:183-191. [PMID: 33215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pneumonia presented a unique problem for healthcare systems with the potential to overwhelm hospitals and lead to unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Safe triage and follow up systems are required to manage this unprecedented demand. METHODS We designed a pathway for the triage and assessment of patients based on their resting oxygen saturations and response to a 30 metre rapid walking test. We admitted patients to a 'Virtual Ward' for remote oximetry monitoring from the Emergency Department, step down from inpatient wards and from the local Primary Care 'Hot Hub'. This allowed the safe and managed readmission of those patients who deteriorated at home. RESULTS During the first wave of COVID-19 we entered 273 onto the pathway for Virtual Ward follow up. Of these, 31 patients were readmitted to hospital, two were admitted to Intensive Care and one patient died. Median oxygen saturation at presentation was 97 % (IQR 96-98%) and following a 30 metre walk test 96% (IQR 94-97%). Median NEWS-2 score was 2 (IQR 1-3). On feedback 99.5% of patients were likely or extremely likely to recommend the service to their family and friends. There was a cost avoidance of £107,600 per month. CONCLUSION It is safe, feasible and cost effective to set up a triage system with remote oximetry monitoring for patients with COVID-19 and overwhelmingly patients find it a positive experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nunan
- Department of Acute Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Berkshire
| | - D Clarke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Berkshire
| | | | - D Tannetta
- University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire
| | - A Calthrop
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Berkshire
| | - X H Xu
- Newcastle Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - N B Chan
- Informatics Research Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Whiteknight Campus, United Kingdom
| | - R Khalil
- University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire
| | - W Li
- Informatics Research Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Whiteknight Campus, United Kingdom
| | - A Walden
- Department of Acute Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Berkshire
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21
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van Hengel AJ, Capelletti C, Brohee M, Anklam E, Baumgartner MCS, Abbott M, Baumgartner S, Bremer M, Clarke D, Cleroux C, Demeulemester C, Eckhart F, Gelencser E, Hefle S, Herrnegger H, Hörtner H, Kyriakidis S, Lowe R, Marx G, Mayer W, Paschke A, Robert MC, Schneede K, Sherlock R, Suter D, Warner K, Werner M. Validation of Two Commercial Lateral Flow Devices for the Detection of Peanut Proteins in Cookies: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/89.2.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Results are reported for an interlaboratory validation study of 2 commercially available lateral flow devices (dipstick tests) designed to detect peanut residues in food matrixes. The test samples used in this study were cookies containing peanuts at 7 different concentrations in the range of 030 mg peanuts/kg food matrix. The test samples with sufficient and proven homogeneity were prepared in our laboratory. The analyses of the samples (5 times per level by each laboratory) were performed by 18 laboratories worldwide, which submitted a total of 1260 analytical results. One laboratory was found to be an outlier for one of the test kits. In general, both test kits performed well. However, some false-negative results were reported for all matrixes containing <21 mg peanuts/kg cookie. It must be stressed that the test kits were challenged beyond their cut-off limits (5 mg/kg, depending on the food matrix). One test kit showed fewer false-negative results, but it led to some false-positive results for the blank materials. The sensitivity of the dipstick tests approaches that achieved with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjon J van Hengel
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Claudia Capelletti
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Marcel Brohee
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Elke Anklam
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - M-C S Baumgartner
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
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22
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Hughes D, Dailianis A, Duncan L, Briggs J, McKintyre DA, Silbernagel K, Anderson G, Anderson J, Bannach B, Barratt C, Booyens C, Briggs J, Brooks R, Bryant D, Burnie A, Carver C, Chambers D, Chong J, Clarke D, Coates E, Comontofski G, Deiss K, Destro C, Dillon J, Duncan L, Dundas M, Dymond N, Dziedziczak D, Eglezos S, Gasanov U, Gebler J, Graham T, Haley E, Johnson L, Kurien S, Maczuga J, Matera J, Matthew K, Munyard S, Ramine A, Reed J, Remes A, Subasinghe N, Tan A, Tan J, Tatum M, Taylor M, Torrance H, Twohy C, Vialpando M, Watts K. Modification of Enrichment Protocols for TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay Method 995.22: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.2.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to validate new enrichment methods for the TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (TLVIA). These new methods incorporate a newly formulated medium, TECRA Listeria Enrichment Broth, which does not contain the highly toxic antifungal agent, cycloheximide. The new procedures will provide an alternative to the enrichment procedures described in AOAC Method 995.22. Three food types (raw ground beef, lettuce, and ice cream) were analyzed in the United States, and 2 food types (cooked turkey and cooked fish fillets) were analyzed in Australasia. Thirty collaborators participated in the study, 16 in Australasia and 14 in the United States. With the exception of one batch of ground beef, comparison of the proportion of positive test portions (p ≥ 0.05) showed no significant difference between the TLVIA and the reference method for the 5 foods at 3 inoculation levels. For the one batch of naturally contaminated raw ground beef, the TLVIA gave significantly more confirmed positive results than the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hughes
- TECRA International, 13 Rodborough Rd, French’s Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Angela Dailianis
- TECRA International, 13 Rodborough Rd, French’s Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Louise Duncan
- TECRA International, 13 Rodborough Rd, French’s Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Julie Briggs
- TECRA International, 13 Rodborough Rd, French’s Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | | | - Karen Silbernagel
- rtech laboratories, Lexington Ave, N. Arden Hills, Minneapolis, MN 55126
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23
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Lommerse J, Clarke D, Kerbusch T, Merdjan H, Witjes H, Teppler H, Mirochnick M, Acosta EP, Wenning L, Nachman S, Chain A. Maternal-Neonatal Raltegravir Population Pharmacokinetics Modeling: Implications for Initial Neonatal Dosing. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2019; 8:643-653. [PMID: 31215170 PMCID: PMC6765695 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Raltegravir readily crosses the placenta to the fetus with maternal use during pregnancy. After birth, neonatal raltegravir elimination is highly variable and often extremely prolonged, with some neonates demonstrating rising profiles after birth despite removal from the source of extrinsic raltegravir. To establish an appropriate dosing regimen, an integrated maternal–neonatal pharmacokinetics model was built to predict raltegravir plasma concentrations in neonates with in utero raltegravir exposure. Postnatal age and body weight were used as structural covariates. The model predicted rising or decreasing neonatal elimination profiles based on the time of maternal drug administration relative to time of birth and degree of in utero drug disposition into the central and peripheral compartments. Based on this model, it is recommended to delay the first oral dose of raltegravir until 1–2 days of age in those neonates born to mothers who received raltegravir during pregnancy, labor, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Lommerse
- Certara Strategic Consulting, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Clarke
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Han Witjes
- Certara Strategic Consulting, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Hedy Teppler
- Merck & Co., Inc., Upper Gwynedd, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Mirochnick
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward P Acosta
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Sharon Nachman
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anne Chain
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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Clarke D, Lawrence N. Crypopreservation of the clinical apheresis starting material maintains quality and offers options to extend stability. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stewart BT, Kazerooni Y, Mishra B, Adu EK, Clarke D, Pham TN, Gibran N. 278 A Comprehensive Legislative Framework to Address Chemical Assault. J Burn Care Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz013.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B T Stewart
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Y Kazerooni
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - B Mishra
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - E K Adu
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - D Clarke
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - T N Pham
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Gibran
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Clarke D, Sinha A, Ion L, Weston S, Jones L, Kham M, Harries S. Abstract P3-03-11: Intraoperative assessment of the sentinel node in breast cancer by one step nucleic acid assay: Experience of over 1100 patients. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-03-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The intraoperative assessment of the sentinel node in women with breast cancer enables an immediate axillary node clearance to be done as part of the same operative procedure if the sentinel node is positive. This has significant benefits for the Patient, the Surgeon and the Health Care Provider. There are a variety of methods for the intra-operative assessment of the sentinel node which include: Touch Imprint Cytology, Frozen Section Analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based molecular assays. OSNA is an automated molecular assay using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which detects the presence of cytokeratin 19 in the sentinel node. We report our experience of OSNA for the intraoperative assessment of the sentinel node in our institution with 1148 patients.
Methods
All patients with operable breast cancer who were found to be node negative on clinical and radiological assessment of the axilla, and who had their axilla staged by a sentinel node biopsy at the Breast Unit at Warwick Hospital, UK over a 7 year period were included in this study. Data was collected from a prospective database maintained at the Breast Unit. The axillary node positivity rate and the number of patients with macrometastatic and micrometastatic disease as detected by OSNA was collected and compared with a group of 411 patients who had the intraoperative assessment by Touch Imprint Cytology and final histology by conventional Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) assessment, prior to the introduction of OSNA. The Chi-square test were used for statistical significance.
Results
1148 patients had their sentinel node assessed intraoperatively using OSNA in this 7 year study period. The sentinel node was positive in 376 patients (32.8%). Of those who had a positive node, 183 (15.9%) had macro-metastatic disease and 193 (16.8%) had micro-metastatic disease. When compared to 411 patients in the pre-OSNA period, that were assessed by Touch Imprint Cytology and H&E sections, the node positivity rate increased from 23.8% to 32.8% (p<0.05) with the introduction of OSNA. Whilst there was no significant increase in the rate of macrometastatic disease – 20.4% versus 15.9 % ( p0.038), there was a significant increase in the patients who had micrometastases detected on OSNA - 3.4% versus 16.8 % ( p<0.05) as shown in the table.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that OSNA is a more sensitive test for picking up metastatic disease, especially micrometastatic disease, in the sentinel node. Whilst this did cause some anxiety initially, the results of recent trials like ACSOG Z-11 and IBCSG 23-01 have shown that small volume disease or micrometastases in the sentinel node do not require an axillary node clearance. Intraoperative assessment of the sentinel node with OSNA significantly upstages the axillary nodal status, especially with regard to micrometastatic disease, but the ability to proceed to an axillary node clearance at the same operation as the sentinel node biopsy, still has significant advantages for the Patient, Surgeon and Health Care Providers.
Citation Format: Clarke D, Sinha A, Ion L, Weston S, Jones L, Kham M, Harries S. Intraoperative assessment of the sentinel node in breast cancer by one step nucleic acid assay: Experience of over 1100 patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Clarke
- Warwick Hospital, Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
| | - A Sinha
- Warwick Hospital, Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
| | - L Ion
- Warwick Hospital, Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
| | - S Weston
- Warwick Hospital, Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
| | - L Jones
- Warwick Hospital, Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Kham
- Warwick Hospital, Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
| | - S Harries
- Warwick Hospital, Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
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Segan L, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Hiew C, Reid C, Freeman M, Oqueli E, Ajani A, Clarke D, Duffy S, Yip T. Impact of Lunar Phase on Outcomes following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Toner L, Scully T, Yeoh J, Yudi M, Farouque O, Clarke D. Safety and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR): An 8-year Study in a Real-world Setting. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Clarke D, Gorman I, Ringholz F, McDermott M, Cox DW, Greally P, Linnane B, Mc Nally P. Pulmonary aspiration in preschool children with cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:255. [PMID: 30558606 PMCID: PMC6296125 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric refluxate (PAGR) has been demonstrated in association with pulmonary inflammation in school aged children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). We sought to determine if similar findings were present in preschool children. Pepsin was measured in Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collected from clinically stable preschool children with CF and controls. Elevated pepsin levels were found in a subgroup of children with CF, but this was not found to be associated with pulmonary infection, pulmonary inflammation or respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Clarke
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - I Gorman
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland. .,Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
| | - F Ringholz
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - M McDermott
- Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - D W Cox
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - P Greally
- National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Linnane
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - P Mc Nally
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Clarke D, Williamson G, Kane A. Could students’ experiences of clinical placements be enhanced by implementing a Collaborative Learning in Practice (CliP) model? Nurse Educ Pract 2018; 33:A3-A5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horsfall L, Echavarri-Bravo V, Tinzl M, Kew W, Mackay L, Clarke D. Revealing the complex composition of lignin and resulting products by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). N Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Park TK, Athwal R, Harries S, Clarke D, Jones L. Assessment of pre-operative factors in breast cancer patients to avoid the use of one step nucleic acid amplification analysis of the sentinel lymph node. Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wadman R, Armstrong M, Clarke D, Harroe C, Majumder P, Sayal K, Vostanis P, Townsend E. Experience of Self-Harm and Its Treatment in Looked-After Young People: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2018; 22:365-379. [PMID: 28786765 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1355286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis examination of self-harm and experience of clinical services in young people in the public care system. Qualitative interviews with 24 looked-after young people were completed. Prevalent themes were 1) Changes in care placement, 2) Feelings of anger, 3) Not wanting/feeling able to talk, 4) Developing coping techniques, 5) Clinical services: A relational mixed bag (subthemes: feeling (i) patronized, not listened to, (ii) nothing being done, (iii) comfortable/able to talk). Placement change and anger were highly salient to self-harm in this group and experiences of clinical services depended on individual relationships with clinicians. Implications include increasing compassion in therapeutic relationships, recognizing and managing emotional dysregulation, and increasing support during placement changes.
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Weale RD, Kong VY, Blodgett JM, Buitendag J, Ras A, Laing G, Bruce JL, Bekker W, Manchev V, Clarke D. Lessons learnt from the Pietermaritzburg experience with damage control laparotomy for trauma. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 164:428-431. [PMID: 29950299 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The modern concept of damage control surgery (DCS) for trauma was first introduced less than three decades ago. This audit aims to describe the spectrum and outcome of patients requiring DCS, to benchmark our experience against that reported from other centres and countries and to distil the pertinent teaching lessons from this experience. METHODS All patients over the age of 15 years undergoing a laparotomy for trauma over the period from December 2012 to July 2016 were retrieved from the trauma registry of the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, South Africa. Physiological parameters and visceral injuries were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA V.15.0. RESULTS A total of 562 patients underwent trauma laparotomy during the period under review. The mechanism was penetrating trauma in 81% of cases (453/562). A great proportion of trauma victims were male (503/562, 90%), with a mean age of 29.5±10.8. A total of 99 of these (18%) had a DCS procedure versus 463 (82%) non-DCS. Out of the 99 who required DCS, there were 32 mortalities (32%). The mean physiological parameters for the DCS patient demonstrated acidosis (pH 7.28±0.15) with a raised lactate (5.25 mmol/L±3.71). Our primary repair rates for enteric injuries were surprisingly high. CONCLUSION Just under 20% of trauma laparotomies require DCS. In this cohort of patients, the mortality rate is just under one-third. Further attention must be paid to refining the appropriate indications for DCS as the margin for error in such a cohort is very small and poor decision-making is difficult to correct. The major lesson from this analysis is that the decision to perform DCS must be made early and communicated appropriately to all those managing the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Y Kong
- Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, Durban, South Africa
| | - J M Blodgett
- Department of Epidemiology, MRC Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Buitendag
- Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D Clarke
- Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Alexander K, Northrup N, Clarke D, Lindell H, Laver T. Engineering controls in veterinary oncology: A survey of 148 ACVIM board-certified oncologists and environmental surveillance in 20 specialty hospitals. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:385-391. [PMID: 29446222 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Engineering controls (EC, facility and equipment barriers between hazards and people) are used to avoid exposure to chemotherapy drugs. In this study, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine board-certified veterinary oncologists were surveyed about their use of containment primary EC (C-PEC) and supplemental EC (closed system transfer devices, CSTD). The survey was completed by 148 (38%) of practicing diplomates. All used EC. Both C-PEC and CSTD were used at 92% of hospitals; however, US Pharmacopoeial Convention Chapter <800> (USP <800>) standards were met at only 19% of hospitals and oncologists did not know the type of C-PEC at 18% of hospitals. Next, surface contamination and EC use were assessed with environmental surveillance for carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine in 20 veterinary specialty hospitals using a commercially available kit. No contamination with carboplatin, doxorubicin, or vincristine was detected, however, there was contamination with cyclophosphamide at 4 hospitals. Based on this study, most veterinary oncologists use C-PEC and CSTD, but few meet USP <800> standards. Current measures appear effective for preventing contamination with IV drugs, but additional measures are needed for oral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alexander
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - N Northrup
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - D Clarke
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - H Lindell
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - T Laver
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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D'Souza N, Clarke D, Laing G. Prevalence, management and outcome of traumatic diaphragm injuries managed by the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99:394-401. [PMID: 28462659 PMCID: PMC5449703 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This audit of traumatic diaphram injury (TDI) from a busy South African trauma service reviews the spectrum of disease and highlights current approaches to these injuries. METHODS The Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service (PMTS) has maintained an Electronic Surgical Registry (ESR) and a Hybrid Electronic Medical Record (HEMR) system since January 1st 2012. RESULTS A total of 105 TDIs were identified and repaired during the study period. The mean patient age was 30 years (range 15-68 years - SD 9.7). The majority (92.4%) of patients were male (97/105). Penetrating trauma was the leading mechanism of injury (94%). 75 patients sustained a TDI from a stab wound, and the remaining 24 injuries resulted from gunshot wounds. Multiple associated injuries and high morbidity was seen with right diaphragm injury, blunt trauma, gunshot wounds and chronic diaphragmatic hernias. CONCLUSIONS TDI is a fairly uncommon injury with a local incidence of 1.6%. It presents in a spectrum from the obvious to the occult. Multiple associated injuries and high morbidity occur following blunt trauma or gunshot wounds, right diaphragm injury and chronic diaphragmatic hernias. Diagnostic laparoscopy offers a diagnostic and therapeutic tool to prevent progression of occult TDI to chronic diaphragmatic hernias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Clarke
- Department of General Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu'Natal, South Africa
| | - G Laing
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu'Natal, South Africa
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Parfrey S, Andrianopoulos N, Roberts L, Teh A, Rajakariar K, Marceddo L, Clarke D, Ajani A, Sebastian M, Brennan A, Duffy S, Reid C, Oqueli E, Freeman M. CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc Score as a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Townsend E, Wadman R, Sayal K, Armstrong M, Harroe C, Majumder P, Vostanis P, Clarke D. Uncovering key patterns in self-harm in adolescents: Sequence analysis using the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS). J Affect Disord 2016; 206:161-168. [PMID: 27475886 PMCID: PMC5082440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is a significant clinical issue in adolescence. There is little research on the interplay of key factors in the months, weeks, days and hours leading to self-harm. We developed the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS) to investigate the pattern of thoughts, feelings, events and behaviours leading to self-harm. METHODS Forty-five young people (aged 13-21 years) with recent repeated self-harm completed the CaTS to describe their first ever/most recent self-harm episode. Lag sequential analysis determined significant transitions in factors leading to self-harm (presented in state transition diagrams). RESULTS A significant sequential structure to the card sequences produced was observed demonstrating similarities and important differences in antecedents to first and most recent self-harm. Life-events were distal in the self-harm pathway and more heterogeneous. Of significant clinical concern was that the wish to die and hopelessness emerged as important antecedents in the most recent episode. First ever self-harm was associated with feeling better afterward, but this disappeared for the most recent episode. LIMITATIONS Larger sample sizes are necessary to examine longer chains of sequences and differences in genders, age and type of self-harm. The sample was self-selected with 53% having experience of living in care. CONCLUSIONS The CaTs offers a systematic approach to understanding the dynamic interplay of factors that lead to self-harm in young people. It offers a method to target key points for intervention in the self-harm pathway. Crucially the factors most proximal to self-harm (negative emotions, impulsivity and access to means) are modifiable with existing clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Townsend
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University Park, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK,Corresponding author.
| | - R. Wadman
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University Park, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - K. Sayal
- Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - M. Armstrong
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Thorneywood CAMHS, Porchester Rd, Nottingham NG3 6LF, UK
| | - C. Harroe
- Harmless, 7 Mansfield Road, Nottingham NG1 3FB, UK
| | - P. Majumder
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Thorneywood CAMHS, Porchester Rd, Nottingham NG3 6LF, UK
| | - P. Vostanis
- School of Neurosciences, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Westcotes Drive, Leicester LE3 0QU, UK
| | - D. Clarke
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University Park, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Thiman J, Northrup N, Saba C, Clarke D, Regan R, Hamilton T, Lindell H, Hofmeister E. Prospective evaluation of the safety of compounded bulk material L-asparaginase in dogs with lymphoma. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:572-577. [PMID: 27086733 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Use of compounded L-asparaginase became routine in veterinary oncology when manufacturing of Elspar® was discontinued in 2012. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of compounded L-asparaginase (CLASP, KRS Global Biotechnology, Boca Raton, FL, USA) in comparison with Elspar® (Lundbeck LLC, Deerfield, IL, USA). In addition, we documented the response to CLASP in combination with a corticosteroid in this population of dogs with lymphoma. Dogs were prospectively treated with 10 000 IU/m2 CLASP or Elspar® subcutaneously. Corticosteroids were administered concurrently. Adverse events (AE) were assessed according to the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v1.1 (VCOG-CTCAE). Response was recorded. Seventy-three dogs received 75 treatments (CLASP, n = 47; Elspar® , n = 28). No AE were attributed to CLASP. Grade I and II AE probably or possibly related to treatment were observed following two Elspar® treatments. The overall response rate to the combination of CLASP and a corticosteroid was 80% (24% CR and 56% PR). In combination with a steroid, the compounded L-asparaginase evaluated in this study is safe and demonstrates activity against canine lymphoma. In the face of the discontinuation of Elspar® , veterinarians should seek compounded LASP products that have been tested for activity, purity, and sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thiman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - N Northrup
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - C Saba
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D Clarke
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - R Regan
- Bluepearl Georgia Veterinary Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA, USA
| | - T Hamilton
- Bluepearl Georgia Veterinary Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA, USA
| | - H Lindell
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - E Hofmeister
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Redhead JW, Stratford C, Sharps K, Jones L, Ziv G, Clarke D, Oliver TH, Bullock JM. Empirical validation of the InVEST water yield ecosystem service model at a national scale. Sci Total Environ 2016; 569-570:1418-1426. [PMID: 27395076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of tools have emerged with the goal of mapping the current delivery of ecosystem services and quantifying the impact of environmental changes. An important and often overlooked question is how accurate the outputs of these models are in relation to empirical observations. In this paper we validate a hydrological ecosystem service model (InVEST Water Yield Model) using widely available data. We modelled annual water yield in 22 UK catchments with widely varying land cover, population and geology, and compared model outputs with gauged river flow data from the UK National River Flow Archive. Values for input parameters were selected from existing literature to reflect conditions in the UK and were subjected to sensitivity analyses. We also compared model performance between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data sourced from global- and UK-scale datasets. We then tested the transferability of the results within the UK by additional validation in a further 20 catchments. Whilst the model performed only moderately with global-scale data (linear regression of modelled total water yield against empirical data; slope=0.763, intercept=54.45, R(2)=0.963) with wide variation in performance between catchments, the model performed much better when using UK-scale input data, with closer fit to the observed data (slope=1.07, intercept=3.07, R(2)=0.990). With UK data the majority of catchments showed <10% difference between measured and modelled water yield but there was a minor but consistent overestimate per hectare (86m(3)/ha/year). Additional validation on a further 20 UK catchments was similarly robust, indicating that these results are transferable within the UK. These results suggest that relatively simple models can give accurate measures of ecosystem services. However, the choice of input data is critical and there is a need for further validation in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Redhead
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - C Stratford
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - K Sharps
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - L Jones
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - G Ziv
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - D Clarke
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - T H Oliver
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - J M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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Abstract
Eight international riders from Olympic equestrian disciplines, participated in semi-structured interviews investigating developmental factors which they felt had helped them achieve and retain elite status. Key factors were present across the variable rider journeys to elite status. Riders demonstrated a natural aptitude for horse sports, a desire to learn combined with exposure to environments which fostered confidence and skill development: access to elite and developmental horses, observing elite riders, access to coaches and parental support. Riders consistently questioned the status quo of their practice: through partnerships with multiple horses, self-development and horse-development, and were motivated and driven, with a clear belief that they would achieve success; attributes that remain once elite status was achieved. Success appears initially motivated by participation in equine sports for fun and as rider investment was rewarded by winning, with associated financial benefits. When elite status is attained, motivation and definitions of success become focused more upon the relationship with their horse and the constant challenge of developing their own and their horses’ skills. Elite status appears associated with a successful philosophy that underpins rider’ practice: the way riders’ think, ride, train and run their business, underpinned by distinct individual philosophies. These factors combined help riders remain successful at the highest level of their sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Lamperd
- White Hart Stables, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 0JD, United Kingdom
| | - D. Clarke
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sports, Hartpury College, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
| | - I. Wolframm
- All Sports Support, 3831 EC Leusden, the Netherlands
| | - J. Williams
- Centre for Performance in Equestrian Sports, Hartpury College, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
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Ahmadian Baghbaderani B, Tian X, Scotty Cadet J, Shah K, Walde A, Tran H, Kovarcik DP, Clarke D, Fellner T. A Newly Defined and Xeno-Free Culture Medium Supports Every-Other-Day Medium Replacement in the Generation and Long-Term Cultivation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161229. [PMID: 27606941 PMCID: PMC5016087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) present an unprecedented opportunity to advance human health by offering an alternative and renewable cell resource for cellular therapeutics and regenerative medicine. The present demand for high quality hPSCs for use in both research and clinical studies underscores the need to develop technologies that will simplify the cultivation process and control variability. Here we describe the development of a robust, defined and xeno-free hPSC medium that supports reliable propagation of hPSCs and generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from multiple somatic cell types; long-term serial subculturing of hPSCs with every-other-day (EOD) medium replacement; and banking fully characterized hPSCs. The hPSCs cultured in this medium for over 40 passages are genetically stable, retain high expression levels of the pluripotency markers TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, Oct-3/4 and SSEA-4, and readily differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Importantly, the medium plays an integral role in establishing a cGMP-compliant process for the manufacturing of hiPSCs that can be used for generation of clinically relevant cell types for cell replacement therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinghui Tian
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jean Scotty Cadet
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
| | - Kevan Shah
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
| | - Amy Walde
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
| | - Huan Tran
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
| | - Don Paul Kovarcik
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
| | - Diana Clarke
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
| | - Thomas Fellner
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, United States of America
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Abstract
Seven men with autistic disorders developed mood disorders or psychotic illnesses during adult life. This association has also been described in several previous reports. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn on the basis of case reports alone, it appears that autistic disorders may increase vulnerability to such psychoses. Possible reasons for the association are discussed, as is treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Clarke
- Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - D. Perry
- West Midlands Developmental Psychiatry, Birmingham, UK
| | - V. Prasher
- Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Baust JG, Gage AA, Klossner D, Clarke D, Miller R, Cohen J, Katz A, Polascik T, Clarke H, Baust JM. Issues Critical to the Successful Application of Cryosurgical Ablation of the Prostate. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 6:97-109. [PMID: 17375972 DOI: 10.1177/153303460700600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The techniques of present-day cryosurgery performed with multiprobe freezing apparatus and advanced imaging techniques yield predictable and encouraging results in the treatment of prostatic and renal cancers. Nevertheless, and not unique to cryosurgical treatment, the rates of persistent disease demonstrate the need for improvement in technique and emphasize the need for proper management of the therapeutic margin. The causes of persistent disease often relate to a range of factors including selection of patients, understanding of the extent of the tumor, limitations of the imaging techniques, and failure to freeze the tumor periphery in an efficacious manner. Of these diverse factors, the one most readily managed, but subject to therapeutic error, is the technique of freezing the tumor and appropriate margin to a lethal temperature [Baust, J. G., Gage, A. A. The Molecular Basis of Cryosurgery. BJU Int 95, 1187–1191 (2005)]. This article describes the recent experiments that examine the molecular basis of cryosurgery, clarifies the actions of the components of the freeze-thaw cycle, and defines the resultant effect on the cryogenic lesion from a clinical perspective. Further, this review addresses the important issue of management of the margin of the tumor through adjunctive therapy. Accordingly, a goal of this review is to identify the technical and future adjunctive therapeutic practices that should improve the efficacy of cryoablative techniques for the treatment of malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Baust
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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Bogunovic D, Raymond SG, Janssens S, Clarke D, Bodley O, Ashforth S, Simpson MC, Quilty JW. Refractive index gratings in electro-optic polymer thin films. Appl Opt 2016; 55:4676-4682. [PMID: 27409025 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.004676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index gratings have been inscribed in polymer thin films by permanently photobleaching the organic chromophore PYR-3 dopant. The grating inscription process was investigated in detail for the purpose of improving the diffraction efficiency (η) of the PYR-3 doped polymer gratings. Three processes were identified that contributed to the η of the first diffracted order: a periodic change in the refractive index due to photobleaching of the PYR-3, formation of the surface relief grating as a consequence of free volume change during bleaching, and the introduction of periodic, strain-induced changes in the refractive index.
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Woods E, Thirumala S, Badhe-Buchanan S, Clarke D, Mathew A. Off the Shelf Cellular Therapeutics: Factors to Consider During Cryopreservation and Storage of Human Cells for Clinical Use. Cytotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cepanec D, Humphries A, Rieger KL, Marshall S, Londono Y, Clarke D. Building Graduate Student Capacity as Future Researchers Through a Research and Training Award Program. J Nurs Educ 2016; 55:284-7. [PMID: 27115456 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20160414-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the global shortage of doctor of philosophy-prepared nursing faculty and an aging nursing professorate, the nursing profession is at risk of having fewer nurses doing research and fewer faculty to supervise the next generation of nurse researchers. METHOD A research training award for graduate nursing students was piloted with the intent of providing a research-intensive experiential learning opportunity that would contribute to graduate students' future roles as nurse researchers. This article describes the program design, implementation, and evaluation. FINDINGS The Graduate Student Research Training Awards afforded students an opportunity to develop research and methodologic skills and achieve student-centered outcomes. These awards build their capacity as future researchers by both empowering them and increasing their confidence in research. The input and evaluation from graduate students was integral to the success of the program. CONCLUSION Graduate student research training awards can be a valuable experiential learning opportunity in research intensive graduate programs. [J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(5):284-287.].
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Clarke D, Dix E, Liddy S, Gormally M, Byrne M. The influence of household pets on the composition and quantity of allergenic mite fauna within Irish homes: a preliminary investigation. Med Vet Entomol 2016; 30:21-30. [PMID: 26575784 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergenic mites are responsible for inducing hypersensitive reactions in genetically predisposed people worldwide. Mites in dust from 30 Irish homes with pets (dogs, n = 23; cats, n = 7) were compared with those in 30 homes without pets. House dust mites constituted 78% of all mites recorded, with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acariformes: Pyroglyphidae) representing 57-72% of mites in furniture and mattresses in both home types compared with only 22% of mites in pet beds. Although storage mites accounted for just 13% of all mites recorded, they represented 46% of mites recorded in pet beds. Median levels of the dust mite allergen Der p 1 (µg/g) in dust samples from mattresses in homes without pets were significantly greater than in mattresses from homes with pets, reflecting the greater densities of D. pteronyssinus found in the former home category. Mite species richness was greater in homes with pets (17 species) than in homes without pets (13 species). This suggests that although the presence of pets can result in a wider variety of epidemiologically important mite species within households, increased competition among mite species may result in a more balanced mite fauna in the home, inhibiting the dominance of any one species and hence lowering allergen-associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Clarke
- Applied Ecology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, Martin Ryan Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Dix
- Applied Ecology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, Martin Ryan Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S Liddy
- Applied Ecology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, Martin Ryan Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Gormally
- Applied Ecology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, Martin Ryan Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Byrne
- Applied Ecology Unit, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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50
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Wilson GI, Norman B, Walker J, Williams HJ, Holton MD, Clarke D, Wilson RP. In search of rules behind environmental framing; the case of head pitch. Mov Ecol 2015; 3:24. [PMID: 26380712 PMCID: PMC4572619 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether, and how, animals move requires them to assess their environment to determine the most appropriate action and trajectory, although the precise way the environment is scanned has been little studied. We hypothesized that head attitude, which effectively frames the environment for the eyes, and the way it changes over time, would be modulated by the environment. METHOD To test this, we used a head-mounted device (Human-Interfaced Personal Observation platform - HIPOP) on people moving through three different environments; a botanical garden ('green' space), a reef ('blue' space), and a featureless corridor, to examine if head movement in the vertical axis differed between environments. Template matching was used to identify and quantify distinct behaviours. CONCLUSIONS The data on head pitch from all subjects and environments over time showed essentially continuous clear waveforms with varying amplitude and wavelength. There were three stylised behaviours consisting of smooth, regular peaks and troughs in head pitch angle and variable length fixations during which the head pitch remained constant. These three behaviours accounted for ca. 40 % of the total time, with irregular head pitch changes accounting for the rest. There were differences in rates of manifestation of behaviour according to environment as well as environmentally different head pitch values of peaks, troughs and fixations. Finally, although there was considerable variation in head pitch angles, the peak and trough values bounded most of the variation in the fixation pitch values. It is suggested that the constant waveforms in head pitch serve to inform people about their environment, providing a scanning mechanism. Particular emphasis to certain sectors is manifest within the peak and trough limits and these appear modulated by the distribution of the points where fixation, interpreted as being due to objects of interest, occurs. This behaviour explains how animals allocate processing resources to the environment and shows promise for movement studies attempting to elucidate which parts of the environment affect movement trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Ixia Wilson
- />Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - Brad Norman
- />Computer Science, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - James Walker
- />ECOCEAN Inc, 102/72 Marine Terrace, Fremantle, WA 6160 Australia
| | - Hannah J. Williams
- />Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - M. D. Holton
- />College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - D. Clarke
- />Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - Rory P. Wilson
- />Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
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