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Brangulis K, Akopjana I, Drunka L, Matisone S, Zelencova-Gopejenko D, Bhattacharya S, Bogans J, Tars K. Members of the paralogous gene family 12 from the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi are non-specific DNA-binding proteins. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296127. [PMID: 38626020 PMCID: PMC11020477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne infectious disease in Europe and the USA. Borrelia burgdorferi, as the causative agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted to the mammalian host during the tick blood meal. To adapt to the different encountered environments, Borrelia has adjusted the expression pattern of various, mostly outer surface proteins. The function of most B. burgdorferi outer surface proteins remains unknown. We determined the crystal structure of a previously uncharacterized B. burgdorferi outer surface protein BBK01, known to belong to the paralogous gene family 12 (PFam12) as one of its five members. PFam12 members are shown to be upregulated as the tick starts its blood meal. Structural analysis of BBK01 revealed similarity to the coiled coil domain of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein family members, while functional studies indicated that all PFam12 members are non-specific DNA-binding proteins. The residues involved in DNA binding were identified and probed by site-directed mutagenesis. The combination of SMC-like proteins being attached to the outer membrane and exposed to the environment or located in the periplasm, as observed in the case of PFam12 members, and displaying the ability to bind DNA, represents a unique feature previously not observed in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Drunka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
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Zelencova-Gopejenko D, Andrianov V, Domracheva I, Kanepe-Lapsa I, Milczarek M, Stojak M, Przyborowski K, Fedak FA, Walczak M, Kramkowski K, Wietrzyk J, Chlopicki S, Kalvins I. Aromatic sulphonamides of aziridine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel PDIA1 and PDIA3 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2158187. [PMID: 37070480 PMCID: PMC10120451 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2158187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a series of newly synthesised sulphonamides of aziridine-2-carboxylic acid (Az-COOH) ester and amide analogues as potent protein disulphide isomerase (PDI, EC 5.3.4.1) inhibitors. The inhibitory activity on PDI was determined against recombinant human PDIA1 and PDIA3 proteins using an insulin reduction assay. These compounds in low micromolar to low nanomolar concentrations showed the effective in vitro inhibitory properties of PDIA1 with weaker effects on PDIA3. Complexes of 15N- and 15N,13C- uniformly labelled recombinant human PDIA1a with two PDIA1 inhibitors were produced and investigated by a protein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that both C53 and C56 of the PDIA1 enzyme were involved in covalent binding. Finally, in a range of pharmacological studies, we demonstrated that investigated compounds displayed anti-cancer and anti-thrombotic activity. These findings demonstrate that sulphonamides of Az-COOH derivatives are promising candidates for the development of novel anti-cancer and anti-thrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zelencova-Gopejenko
- Laboratory of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - V Andrianov
- Laboratory of Carbofunctional Compounds, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - I Domracheva
- Group of Experimental Chemical Therapy, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - I Kanepe-Lapsa
- Group of Experimental Chemical Therapy, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - M Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - F A Fedak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Walczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - J Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - S Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - I Kalvins
- Laboratory of Carbofunctional Compounds, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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Zelencova-Gopejenko D, Videja M, Grandane A, Pudnika-Okinčica L, Sipola A, Vilks K, Dambrova M, Jaudzems K, Liepinsh E. Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein Binds Long-Chain Acylcarnitines and Protects against Lipotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065528. [PMID: 36982599 PMCID: PMC10058761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart-type fatty-acid binding protein (FABP3) is an essential cytosolic lipid transport protein found in cardiomyocytes. FABP3 binds fatty acids (FAs) reversibly and with high affinity. Acylcarnitines (ACs) are an esterified form of FAs that play an important role in cellular energy metabolism. However, an increased concentration of ACs can exert detrimental effects on cardiac mitochondria and lead to severe cardiac damage. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of FABP3 to bind long-chain ACs (LCACs) and protect cells from their harmful effects. We characterized the novel binding mechanism between FABP3 and LCACs by a cytotoxicity assay, nuclear magnetic resonance, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Our data demonstrate that FABP3 is capable of binding both FAs and LCACs as well as decreasing the cytotoxicity of LCACs. Our findings reveal that LCACs and FAs compete for the binding site of FABP3. Thus, the protective mechanism of FABP3 is found to be concentration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zelencova-Gopejenko
- Department of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Melita Videja
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradinš University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aiga Grandane
- Organic Synthesis Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Linda Pudnika-Okinčica
- Organic Synthesis Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anda Sipola
- Laboratory of Membrane Active Compounds and β-Diketones, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Karlis Vilks
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradinš University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Department of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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Zelencova-Gopejenko D, Grandane A, Loza E, Lola D, Sipola A, Liepinsh E, Arsenyan P, Jaudzems K. Binding versus Enzymatic Processing of ε-Trimethyllysine Dioxygenase Substrate Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1723-1729. [PMID: 36385923 PMCID: PMC9661700 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-Trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD) is a non-heme Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate dependent oxygenase that catalyzes the stereospecific hydroxylation of ε-trimethyl-l-lysine (TML) to β-hydroxy-TML during the first step of l-carnitine biosynthesis. Targeting TMLD with inhibitors is a viable strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we report a methodology for isothermal titration calorimetry analysis of TMLD substrate analogue binding to the enzyme. Despite the high structural similarity of the tested compounds, two different binding mechanisms (enthalpy- and entropy-driven) were observed, giving insight into the ligand (substrate) selectivity of TMLD. We demonstrate that the method allows distinguishing a natural substrate-like binding mode, which correlates with the ability of the compounds to serve as substrates in the TMLD catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiga Grandane
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Einars Loza
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Daina Lola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Anda Sipola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
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Bobrovs R, Basens EE, Drunka L, Kanepe I, Matisone S, Velins KK, Andrianov V, Leitis G, Zelencova-Gopejenko D, Rasina D, Jirgensons A, Jaudzems K. Exploring Aspartic Protease Inhibitor Binding to Design-Selective Antimalarials. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3263-3273. [PMID: 35712895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity is a major issue in the development of drugs targeting pathogen aspartic proteases. Here, we explore the selectivity-determining factors by studying specifically designed malaria aspartic protease (plasmepsin) open-flap inhibitors. Metadynamics simulations are used to uncover the complex binding/unbinding pathways of these inhibitors and describe the critical transition states in atomistic resolution. The simulation results are compared with experimentally determined enzymatic activities. Our findings demonstrate that plasmepsin inhibitor selectivity can be achieved by targeting the flap loop with hydrophobic substituents that enable ligand binding under the flap loop, as such a behavior is not observed for several other aspartic proteases. The ability to estimate the selectivity of compounds before they are synthesized is of considerable importance in drug design; therefore, we expect that our approach will be useful in selective inhibitor designs against not only aspartic proteases but also other enzyme classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raitis Bobrovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | | | - Laura Drunka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | - Iveta Kanepe
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | - Sofija Matisone
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | | | - Victor Andrianov
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | - Gundars Leitis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | | | - Dace Rasina
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV1006, Latvia
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Leite I, Andrianov V, Zelencova-Gopejenko D, Loza E, Kazhoka-Lapsa I, Domracheva I, Stojak M, Chlopicki S, Kalvins I. Correction to: Aziridine-2-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Its Open-Ring Isomers as a Novel PDIA1 Inhibitors. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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