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Zhou Hagström N, Schneider M, Kerber N, Yaroslavtsev A, Burgos Parra E, Beg M, Lang M, Günther CM, Seng B, Kammerbauer F, Popescu H, Pancaldi M, Neeraj K, Polley D, Jangid R, Hrkac SB, Patel SKK, Ovcharenko S, Turenne D, Ksenzov D, Boeglin C, Baidakova M, von Korff Schmising C, Borchert M, Vodungbo B, Chen K, Luo C, Radu F, Müller L, Martínez Flórez M, Philippi-Kobs A, Riepp M, Roseker W, Grübel G, Carley R, Schlappa J, Van Kuiken BE, Gort R, Mercadier L, Agarwal N, Le Guyader L, Mercurio G, Teichmann M, Delitz JT, Reich A, Broers C, Hickin D, Deiter C, Moore J, Rompotis D, Wang J, Kane D, Venkatesan S, Meier J, Pallas F, Jezynski T, Lederer M, Boukhelef D, Szuba J, Wrona K, Hauf S, Zhu J, Bergemann M, Kamil E, Kluyver T, Rosca R, Spirzewski M, Kuster M, Turcato M, Lomidze D, Samartsev A, Engelke J, Porro M, Maffessanti S, Hansen K, Erdinger F, Fischer P, Fiorini C, Castoldi A, Manghisoni M, Wunderer CB, Fullerton EE, Shpyrko OG, Gutt C, Sanchez-Hanke C, Dürr HA, Iacocca E, Nembach HT, Keller MW, Shaw JM, Silva TJ, Kukreja R, Fangohr H, Eisebitt S, Kläui M, Jaouen N, Scherz A, Bonetti S, Jal E. Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:1454-1464. [PMID: 36345754 PMCID: PMC9641564 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Schneider
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Kerber
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Yaroslavtsev
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erick Burgos Parra
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Boite Postale 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Marijan Beg
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Lang
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian M. Günther
- Technische Universität Berlin, Zentraleinrichtung Elektronenmikroskopie (ZELMI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Seng
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy, France
| | - Fabian Kammerbauer
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Horia Popescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Boite Postale 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Neeraj
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debanjan Polley
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Jangid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stjepan B. Hrkac
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheena K. K. Patel
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Diego Turenne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dmitriy Ksenzov
- Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät – Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Christine Boeglin
- University of Strasbourg – CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marina Baidakova
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | | | - Martin Borchert
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Vodungbo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kai Chen
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chen Luo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florin Radu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Riepp
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Carley
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Rafael Gort
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Naman Agarwal
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000C Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Hickin
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - James Moore
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Jinxiong Wang
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Kane
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Meier
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Janusz Szuba
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Hauf
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Ebad Kamil
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Robert Rosca
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michał Spirzewski
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), A. Solłana 7, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Markus Kuster
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - David Lomidze
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Andrey Samartsev
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Engelke
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Matteo Porro
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Karsten Hansen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erdinger
- Institute of Computer Engineering, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Peter Fischer
- Institute of Computer Engineering, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Carlo Fiorini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Castoldi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Manghisoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze Applicate, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
| | - Cornelia Beatrix Wunderer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric E. Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oleg G. Shpyrko
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian Gutt
- Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät – Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Hermann A. Dürr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ezio Iacocca
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Hans T. Nembach
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Associate, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Mark W. Keller
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Justin M. Shaw
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J. Silva
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Roopali Kukreja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hans Fangohr
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, Boite Postale 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Stefano Bonetti
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
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Turenne D, Yaroslavtsev A, Wang X, Unikandanuni V, Vaskivskyi I, Schneider M, Jal E, Carley R, Mercurio G, Gort R, Agarwal N, Van Kuiken B, Mercadier L, Schlappa J, Le Guyader L, Gerasimova N, Teichmann M, Lomidze D, Castoldi A, Potorochin D, Mukkattukavil D, Brock J, Zhou Hagström N, Reid AH, Shen X, Wang XJ, Maldonado P, Kvashnin Y, Carva K, Wang J, Takahashi YK, Fullerton EE, Eisebitt S, Oppeneer PM, Molodtsov S, Scherz A, Bonetti S, Iacocca E, Dürr HA. Nonequilibrium sub-10 nm spin-wave soliton formation in FePt nanoparticles. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn0523. [PMID: 35363518 PMCID: PMC10938569 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles such as FePt in the L10 phase are the bedrock of our current data storage technology. As the grains become smaller to keep up with technological demands, the superparamagnetic limit calls for materials with higher magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This, in turn, reduces the magnetic exchange length to just a few nanometers, enabling magnetic structures to be induced within the nanoparticles. Here, we describe the existence of spin-wave solitons, dynamic localized bound states of spin-wave excitations, in FePt nanoparticles. We show with time-resolved x-ray diffraction and micromagnetic modeling that spin-wave solitons of sub-10 nm sizes form out of the demagnetized state following femtosecond laser excitation. The measured soliton spin precession frequency of 0.1 THz positions this system as a platform to develop novel miniature devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Turenne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Yaroslavtsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Igor Vaskivskyi
- Complex Matter Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Robert Carley
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Rafael Gort
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Naman Agarwal
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Lomidze
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Castoldi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dimitri Potorochin
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey Brock
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0401, USA
| | | | - Alexander H. Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xijie J. Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Pablo Maldonado
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yaroslav Kvashnin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karel Carva
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jian Wang
- Magnet Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yukiko K. Takahashi
- Magnet Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Eric E. Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0401, USA
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter M. Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serguei Molodtsov
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Scherz
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Stefano Bonetti
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Ezio Iacocca
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Hermann A. Dürr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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