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Akerkouch L, Jasuja H, Katti K, Katti D, Le T. The Influence of Fluid Shear Stress on Bone and Cancer Cells Proliferation and Distribution. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:1199-1215. [PMID: 36593306 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential correlation between the fluid shear stress and the proliferation of bone prostate cancer cells on the surface of nanoclay-based scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on the scaffolds to initiate bone growth. After 23 days, prostate cancer cells (MDAPCa2b) were cultured on top of the osteogenically differentiated hMSCs. The scaffolds were separated into two groups subjected to two distinct conditions: (i) static (no flow); and (ii) dynamic (with flow) conditions to recapitulate bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Based on measured data, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models were constructed to determine the velocity and shear stress distributions on the scaffold surface. Our experimental results show distinct differences in the growth pattern of hMSCs and MDAPCa2b cells between the static and dynamic conditions. Our computational results further suggest that the dynamic flow leads to drastic change in cell morphology and tumorous distribution. Our work points to a strong correlation between tumor growth and local interstitial flows in bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen Akerkouch
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Haneesh Jasuja
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kalpana Katti
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Dinesh Katti
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Trung Le
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Du J, Katti D, Heinz H. Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in Biomaterials and Biological Materials, Part II. JOM (1989) 2021; 73:2332-2334. [PMID: 34177213 PMCID: PMC8216580 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-021-04758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Dinesh Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Testbeds, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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Du J, Katti D, Heinz H. Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in Biomaterials and Biological Materials, Part I. JOM (1989) 2021; 73:1673-1675. [PMID: 33903789 PMCID: PMC8059419 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-021-04692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Dinesh Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Testbeds, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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Ravi P, Singh SP, Kang JW, Tran S, Dasari RR, So PTC, Liepmann D, Katti K, Katti D, Renugopalakrishnan V, Paulmurugan R. Spectrochemical Probing of MicroRNA Duplex Using Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy for Biosensing Applications. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14423-14431. [PMID: 32985868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are emerging as both diagnostic and therapeutic targets in different human pathologies. An accurate understanding of the structural dependency of microRNAs for their biological functions is essential for designing synthetic oligos with various base and linkage modifications that can transform into highly sensitive diagnostic devices and therapeutic molecules. In this proof-of-principle study, we have utilized label-free spontaneous Raman spectroscopy to understand the structural differences in sense and antisense microRNA-21 by hybridizing them with complementary RNA and DNA oligos. Overall, the results suggest that the changes in the Raman band at 785 cm-1 originating from the phosphodiester bond of the nucleic acid backbone, linking 5' phosphate of the nucleic acid with 3' OH of the other nucleotide, can serve as a marker to identify these structural variations. Our results support the application of Raman spectroscopy in discerning intramolecular (ssRNA and ssDNA) and intermolecular (RNA-RNA, RNA-DNA, and DNA-DNA hybrids) interactions of nucleic acids. This is potentially useful for developing biosensors to quantify microRNAs in clinical samples and to design therapeutic microRNAs with robust functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetham Ravi
- Center for Engineered Cancer Testbeds, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580011, India
| | - Jeon Woong Kang
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah Tran
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Suite 2236, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Ramachandra R Dasari
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter T C So
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dorian Liepmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kalpana Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Testbeds, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Dinesh Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Testbeds, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Venkatesan Renugopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Suite 2236, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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Katti D, Katti K. Computational Mechanics Routes to Explore the Origin of Mechanical Properties in a Biological Nanocomposite: Nacre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-844-y4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTNacre, the inner layer of seashells, is a laminated nanocomposite consisting of micron sized pseudo hexagonal aragonitic calcium carbonate platelets with about 20 nanometer thick organic layer sandwiched between the platelets. This nanocomposite has been studied extensively as a model system for the design of new biomimetic nanocomposites. The nano and micro architecture of nacre has many features and nuances, which have been attributed as possible reasons for the exceptional mechanical properties. In our work, we have used computational mechanics routes to model and simulate observed macro response, to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of various components of the nano and micro architecture of nacre to the mechanical properties. We also describe our discovery of platelet interlocks and their impact on the mechanical response of nacre. Our experiments on tensile failure and scanning electron microscopy of nacre specimens, and simulations using finite element modeling, indicate that the interlocks function as a physical restraint against free relative movement of platelets. Hence, these interlocking features need to yield/break before the complete transfer of load can occur to an intervening organic. The observed interlocks play a critical role in the mechanical response of nacre. During failure the features observed in the microstructure of nacre, such as relative rotation between platelet layers, platelet penetration, and other geometrical abnormalities such as an elongated side etc., appear not to be accidents of nature; they seem to exist for a purpose. These abnormalities lead to high toughness and strength, which is necessary for protecting the organism within the seashell.
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Verma D, Katti K, Katti D. Nature of water in nacre: a 2D Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007; 67:784-8. [PMID: 17030005 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the interactions of aragonite and organic matrix in nacre with water are investigated using two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The 2D-FTIR analysis revealed four bands in the OH stretching region at around 3550, 3445, 3272 and 3074 cm(-1). Two additional bands were found at around 3616 and 3282 cm(-1) after deconvolution of the nacre spectrum. The bands at around 3616 and 3550 cm(-1) are assigned to asymmetric and symmetric OH stretching of partially hydrogen bonded water molecules. The bands at around 3445 and 3272 cm(-1) are assigned to asymmetric and symmetric OH stretching of water molecules fully hydrogen bonded with surrounding water molecules. Presence of above bands in the nacre spectrum suggests that water, in form of clusters, is present in protein matrix and aragonite pores. Water may also hydrogen bond with the organic matrix. The bands observed at 3282 and 3074 cm(-1) are assigned to asymmetric and symmetric OH stretching of water molecules, chemisorbed on surfaces of aragonite platelets. Polarization experiments suggest that H-O-H plane of water molecules is along to c-axis of aragonite platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Verma
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Sikdar D, Katti D, Katti K, Mohanty B. Effect of organic modifiers on dynamic and static nanomechanical properties and crystallinity of intercalated clay–polycaprolactam nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
In our previous work, hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesized under two conditions: one in the presence of polyacrylic acid (in situ HAP) and the other in the absence of polyacrylic acid (ex situ HAP). Composites of both HAPs with polycaprolactone (PCL) were investigated for their applicability as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In the current work, bioactivity of these composites has been investigated by soaking them in simulated body fluid for different intervals of time. Nucleation and growth mechanism of apatite on these composites has also been investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study suggests that although apatite growth starts with an intermediate phase, it completely transforms to HAP after 4 days of soaking. Nanoindentation results suggest that the apatite growing on in situ HAP/PCL composites has much higher hardness and elastic modulus as compared to the apatite growing on ex situ HAP/PCL composites. The apatite grown on the ex situ composites has a net-like interconnected structure. The observed differences in mechanical properties and morphology of apatite have been described on the basis of nucleation mechanisms. The nucleation of apatite on the in situ HAP/PCL composites proceeds through the formation of a complex between Ca2+ and COO- groups; on the other hand, nucleation occurs because of dissolution reaction of apatite in ex situ HAP/PCL composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Verma
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Verma D, Katti K, Katti D. Experimental investigation of interfaces in hydroxyapatite/polyacrylic acid/polycaprolactone composites using photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 77:59-66. [PMID: 16355408 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molecular interactions in hydroxyapatite (HAP) polymer composites have been studied using photoacoustic spectroscopy. HAP is mineralized by wet precipitation under two conditions: first is in the absence of polyacrylic acid (PAAc) (ex-situ HAP) and second in the presence of PAAc (in-situ HAP). Porous and solid composites of ex-situ and in-situ HAP with polycaprolactone (PCL) have also been made to evaluate their applicability as bone scaffolds. Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) spectroscopy studies indicate that both in-situ and ex-situ HAP have HPO4 (2-) in their structure, which leads to Ca2+ deficiency. During crystallization of in-situ HAP, PAAc dissociates to form carboxylate ions, which binds to calcium ions and act as suitable site for nucleation for HAP crystallization. PA-FTIR spectra of porous and solid composites indicate that porous composites adsorb more water, which is hydrogen bonded with carbonyl of PCL. Mechanical tests on solid samples indicate that ex-situ HAP/PCL composites have higher elastic modulus than in-situ HAP/PCL composites. However, in case of porous composites, in-situ HAP/PCL composites are found to have higher elastic modulus. In-situ HAP is chemically and structurally different from ex-situ HAP. This modified HAP causes variation in microstructure of porous composite and hence alteration of its load transfer mechanisms and hence mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Verma
- Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Management, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Verma D, Katti K, Katti D. Photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopic study of undisturbed nacre from red abalone. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2006; 64:1051-7. [PMID: 16332453 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) spectroscopy has been utilized to study interfacial interactions of undisturbed nacre and nacre powder from red abalone shell. The spectra of both undisturbed nacre and nacre powder showed characteristic bands of aragonite and proteins. Although nacre powder and undisturbed nacre are chemically identical, PA-FTIR spectrum of undisturbed nacre is found to be significantly different from that of nacre powder. A broad and strong band is observed at around 1485 cm(-1) in nacre powder. The intensity of this band is notably reduced in undisturbed nacre. This result is explained on the basis of interfacial interactions between aragonite platelets and acidic proteins. It is also observed that band at around 1788 cm(-1) originates from three overlapping bands 1797, 1787 and 1778 cm(-1). The band at around 1787 cm(-1) is assigned to CO stretching of carboxylate groups of acidic proteins. The other two bands at 1797 and 1778 cm(-1), originate from aragonite and have been assigned to combination bands, nu(3)+nu(4a) and nu(3)+nu(4b), respectively. For the study of stratification in undisturbed nacre, PA-FTIR spectra have been collected in step scan mode. The variation in spectra with depth can be attributed to changes in conformation of proteins as well as interfacial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Verma
- Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Padmanabhan
- Professor and Chair, Dept. of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Dinesh Katti
- Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
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Abstract
Albumin is widely used to prepare microspheres and microcapsules. In this study microspheres were prepared by the suspension crosslinking method for the first time in the absence of any surface active agent, using paraffin oil as the dispersion medium and formaldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The microspheres thus obtained were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope and found to be spherical and having a particle size distribution in the range 50-400 microns. A preliminary drug release study of chlorothiazide in-vitro indicated a diffusion controlled release of the drug. This method, being simple and cost effective, could be a promising technique for the large scale manufacture of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Katti
- Organic Coatings and Polymers Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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