1
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Papakyriacou I, Kutkaite G, Rúbies Bedós M, Nagarajan D, Alford LP, Menden MP, Mao Y. Loss of NEDD8 in cancer cells causes vulnerability to immune checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3581. [PMID: 38678024 PMCID: PMC11055868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy aims to activate the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. However, clinical benefits are only recorded in a subset of patients. Here, we leverage genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens in a Tumor-Immune co-Culture System focusing on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We reveal that NEDD8 loss in cancer cells causes a vulnerability to nivolumab (anti-PD-1). Genetic deletion of NEDD8 only delays cell division initially but cell proliferation is unaffected after recovery. Since the NEDD8 gene is commonly essential, we validate this observation with additional CRISPR screens and uncover enhanced immunogenicity in NEDD8 deficient cells using proteomics. In female immunocompetent mice, PD-1 blockade lacks efficacy against established EO771 breast cancer tumors. In contrast, we observe tumor regression mediated by CD8+ T cells against Nedd8 deficient EO771 tumors after PD-1 blockade. In essence, we provide evidence that NEDD8 is conditionally essential in TNBC and presents as a synergistic drug target for PD-1/L1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineos Papakyriacou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ginte Kutkaite
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marta Rúbies Bedós
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liam P Alford
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael P Menden
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yumeng Mao
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Vajjiravel P, Nagarajan D, Pugazhenthi V, Suresh A, Sivalingam MK, Venkat A, Mahapatra PP, Razi K, Al Murad M, Bae DW, Notaguchi M, Seth CS, Muneer S. Circadian-based approach for improving physiological, phytochemical and chloroplast proteome in Spinacia oleracea under salinity stress and light emitting diodes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108350. [PMID: 38199026 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is a recognized annihilating abiotic stress that has a significant impact on agricultural and horticulture crop productivity. Plant development faces three distinct dangers as a result of salt stress: oxidative stress, osmotic stress, and ionic toxicity. It has been shown that plants can forecast diurnal patterns using the circadian clock; moreover, they can manage their defensive mechanism for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Circadian rhythmicity in gene expression assembles transcription and translation feedback networks to govern plant shape, physiology, cellular and molecular activities. Both external and internal variables influence the systemic rhythm via input routes. The Malav Jyoti (MJ) and Delhi Green (DG) genotypes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were grown in the plant growth chamber. The chamber had an optimized temperature of 25 °C and humidity of 65% containing light emitting diode (LED) having Red: Blue: white (one side) and White fluorescent (other side) under salinity stress. The samples were collected on the basis of 4 h intervals of circadian hours (0 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h) during Day-10 and Day-20 of salt treatments. Under salt stress, the circadian and light-emitting diode-based strategy had a substantial influence on spinach's anti-oxidative responses, stomatal movement, CO2 assimilation, PS-I and II efficiency, phytochrome pigment efficiency, and photosynthesis. Based on the findings of the free radical scavenging enzyme tests, the photoperiodic hours for the proteome analysis were set to 11 am and 3 pm on Day-20. When compared to white fluorescent, this study found that LED has the capacity to influence the entrainment cues of the circadian clock in the cultivation of salt-sensitive spinach genotypes. According to our findings, changing the cellular scavenging mechanism and chloroplast proteome has increased the survival rate of spinach genotypes under LED when compared to white fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Vajjiravel
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Varsha Pugazhenthi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Ajay Suresh
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Madhan Kumar Sivalingam
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Ajila Venkat
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Musa Al Murad
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Dong Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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3
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Nagarajan D, Kanchana A, Jacob K, Kausar N, Edalatpanah SA, Shah MA. A novel approach based on neutrosophic Bonferroni mean operator of trapezoidal and triangular neutrosophic interval environments in multi-attribute group decision making. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10455. [PMID: 37380670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrosophic multicriteria is a method of decision-making that uses indeterminacy to combine several criteria or elements, frequently with incomplete or ambiguous information, to find a solution. The neutrosophic multicriteria analysis enables the assessment of qualitative and subjective aspects and can assist in resolving conflicting goals and preferences. In the Neutrosophic Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making (NMAGDM) problems, all the information provided by the decision makers (DMs) is expressed as single value neutrosophic triangular and trapezoidal numbers examined in this study which can provide more flexibility and accuracy in capturing uncertainty and aggregating preferences. We offer a novel approach for determining the neutrosophic possibility degree of two and three trapezoidal and triangular neutrosophic sets and the concepts of neutrosophic possibility mean value. The trapezoidal and triangular neutrosophic Bonferroni mean (TITRNBM) operator and the trapezoidal and triangular neutrosophic weighted Bonferroni mean (TITRNWBM) operator are two aggregation methods we then create. Further, we examine the TITRNBM and TITRNWBM attributes and their uniqueness. The NMAGDM approach with trapezoidal and triangular information is suggested based on the TITRNWBM operator and possibility degree. Finally, a concrete example of manufacturing companies searching for the best supplier for assembling the critical parts is provided to validate the established strategies and show their practical applicability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nagarajan
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Kuthambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - A Kanchana
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Kuthambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Kavikumar Jacob
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Fuzzy Mathematics and Application Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nasreen Kausar
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Kebri Dehar University, PO Box 250, Kebri Dehar, Ethiopia.
- School of Business, Woxsen University, Kamkole, Sadasivpet, Hyderabad, 502345, Telangana, India.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001, Punjab, India.
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4
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Tunalı G, Rúbies Bedós M, Nagarajan D, Fridh P, Papakyriacou I, Mao Y. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-3 acts as an immune checkpoint in myeloid cells to limit cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:161084. [PMID: 36757800 PMCID: PMC10065081 DOI: 10.1172/jci161084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators released by cancer cells promote the induction of immune suppression and tolerance in myeloid cells. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-3 (IRAK3) is a pseudokinase that inhibits IL-1/TLR signaling but its role in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy remains unclear. Using RNAseq data from the IMvigor210 trial, we found that tumors with high IRAK3 expressions showed enriched anti-inflammatory pathways and worse clinical response to ICB therapy. Upon IRAK3 protein deletion with CRISPR/Cas9, primary human monocytes displayed altered global protein expression and phosphorylation in quantitative proteomics and released more pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation. Bone-marrow derived macrophages from an IRAK3 CRISPR knockout (KO) mouse model demonstrated a pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhanced sensitivity to TLR agonists, compared to wild-type cells. IRAK3 deficiency delayed the growth of carcinogen-induced and oncogene-driven murine cancer cells and induced enhanced activation in myeloid cells and T cells. Upon ICB treatment, IRAK3 KO mice showed enrichment of TCF1+PD-1+ stem-like memory CD8+ T cells and resulted in superior growth inhibition of immunologically cold tumors in vivo. Altogether, our study demonstrated a novel cancer-driven immune tolerance program controlled by IRAK3 in humans and mice and proposed its suitability as an immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürcan Tunalı
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marta Rúbies Bedós
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Fridh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irineos Papakyriacou
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yumeng Mao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Visalini K, Alagarsamy S, Nagarajan D. Neonatal seizure detection using deep belief networks from multichannel EEG data. Neural Comput Appl 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Kuppulakshmi V, Sugapriya C, Nagarajan D. Economic ordering quantity inventory model with verhulst’s demand under fuzzy uncertainty for geographical market. IFS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-220832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inventory plays an important role in the production process. One of the primary reasons why inventory management modeling is essential for the industry is because it will suffer immensely if there are insufficient food products to stock during the shutdown period. By determining the combined optimal cost of the retailers and wholesalers, this research significantly improves the service of the supply chain from wholesaler to retailer. The stochastic number for the imperfect perishable items is provided in this inventory study. By altering the parameter values, the uniform distribution is used to calculate these damaged items. This approach identifies the backordering quantity for both regular and uncertain fish band circumstances. The cost of maintaining the inventory will rise significantly of increased wastage due to a rise in deteriorating, which will result in the loss of perishable food items. The primary goal of this research paper is to transport them without being destroyed until they reach their desired consumers. By determining the back ordering quantity during a shutdown, one can decrease the overall expenses incurred by the retailers. These computational complexity measures are proven in a fuzzy uncertain environment. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the variation of demand during the unanticipated period and find the optimum total cost of the perishable products. The growth of production in a particular area at a particular time, interconnect with another large number of products in the same area and is calculated by Verhulst’s demand with time depended on proficiency rate. Concerning the existing Verhulst’s demand pattern for the production process, this paper introduced that for perishable items in a fuzzy unanticipated situation. A bountiful system analysis is performed to find the cost function under fuzzy environment and the sensitivity analysis is carried out to perform the key representation constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kuppulakshmi
- Department of Mathematics, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C. Sugapriya
- Department of Mathematics, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Nagarajan
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Alsinbili A, Nagarajan D. Ward-round-based online clinical cardiology course: a resource for junior physicians in cardiology rotation. Future Healthc J 2022; 9:56-57. [PMID: 36310994 PMCID: PMC9601029 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.9-2-s56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alsinbili
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Courbet A, Hansen J, Hsia Y, Bethel N, Park YJ, Xu C, Moyer A, Boyken S, Ueda G, Nattermann U, Nagarajan D, Silva D, Sheffler W, Quispe J, Nord A, King N, Bradley P, Veesler D, Kollman J, Baker D. Computational design of mechanically coupled axle-rotor protein assemblies. Science 2022; 376:383-390. [PMID: 35446645 PMCID: PMC10712554 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecular machines contain protein components that undergo motion relative to each other. Designing such mechanically constrained nanoscale protein architectures with internal degrees of freedom is an outstanding challenge for computational protein design. Here we explore the de novo construction of protein machinery from designed axle and rotor components with internal cyclic or dihedral symmetry. We find that the axle-rotor systems assemble in vitro and in vivo as designed. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we find that these systems populate conformationally variable relative orientations reflecting the symmetry of the coupled components and the computationally designed interface energy landscape. These mechanical systems with internal degrees of freedom are a step toward the design of genetically encodable nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Courbet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - J. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Y. Hsia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - N. Bethel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - YJ. Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - C. Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - A. Moyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - S.E. Boyken
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - G. Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - U. Nattermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Nagarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Monod Bio, Inc, Seattle, USA
| | - W. Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - J. Quispe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - A. Nord
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - P. Bradley
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - J. Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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9
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Almshayakhchi R, Nagarajan D, Vadakekolathu J, Guinn BA, Reeder S, Brentville V, Metheringham R, Pockley AG, Durrant L, McArdle S. A Novel HAGE/WT1-ImmunoBody ® Vaccine Combination Enhances Anti-Tumour Responses When Compared to Either Vaccine Alone. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636977. [PMID: 34262856 PMCID: PMC8273701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers, including myeloid leukaemia express the cancer testis antigen (CTA) DDX43 (HAGE) and/or the oncogene Wilms’ tumour (WT1). Here we demonstrate that HAGE/WT1-ImmunoBody® vaccines derived T-cells can kill ex-vivo human CML cell lines expressing these antigens and significantly delay B16/HHDII+/DR1+/HAGE+/WT1+ tumour growth in the HHDII/DR1 mice and prolonged mouse survival in the prophylactic setting in comparison to non-immunised control mice. We show that immunisation of HHDII/DR1 mice with HAGE- and WT1-ImmunoBody® DNA vaccines in a prime-boost regime in two different flanks induce significant IFN-γ release by splenocytes from treated mice, and a significant level of cytotoxicity against tumour targets expressing HAGE/WT1 in vitro. More importantly, the combined HAGE/WT1 ImmunoBody® vaccine significantly delayed tumour growth in the B16/HHDII+/DR1+/HAGE+/WT1+ tumour model and prolonged mouse survival in the prophylactic setting in comparison to non-immunised control mice. Overall, this work demonstrates that combining both HAGE- and WT1-ImmunoBody® into a single vaccine is better than either vaccine alone. This combination vaccine could be given to patients whose cancer expresses HAGE and WT1 in parallel with existing therapies in order to decrease the chance of disease progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukaia Almshayakhchi
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara-Ann Guinn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Reeder
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Brentville
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Metheringham
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Nagarajan D, Pearson J, Brentville V, Metheringham R, Pockley AG, Durrant L, McArdle SE. ImmunoBody®-HAGE derived vaccine induces immunity to HAGE and delays the growth and metastasis of HAGE-expressing tumours in vivo. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:972-989. [PMID: 34105800 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to pose a significant clinical challenge. Less than 30% of women with metastatic TNBC survive 5 years, despite adjuvant chemotherapy and the initial higher rates of clinical response that can be achieved with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ImmunoBody® is a plasmid DNA designed to encode a human antibody molecule with complementary determining regions (CDRs) engineered to express cytotoxic and helper T cell epitopes derived from the cancer antigen of interest. HAGE is a Cancer Testis Antigen, which is expressed in TNBC. Herein, we have identified a 30-amino-acid-long HAGE-derived sequence containing HLA-A2 and HLA-DR1 restricted epitopes and demonstrated that the use of this sequence as peptide (with CpG/IFA) or incorporated into an ImmunoBody® vaccine can generate specific IFNγ secreting splenocytes in HHDII/DR1 mice. T-cell responses elicited by the ImmunoBody®-HAGE vaccine were superior to peptide immunisation. Moreover, splenocytes from ImmunoBody®-HAGE vaccinated mice stimulated in vitro could recognise HAGE+ tumour cells and the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. More importantly, the growth of implanted B16/HHDII/DR1/HAGE+ cells was significantly delayed by the ImmunoBody®-HAGE vaccine in both prophylactic and experimental metastasis settings. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of HAGE-derived vaccines for treating HAGE-expressing cancers and that such vaccines could be considered as therapeutic options for patients with HAGE+ TNBC after conventional treatment to prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Nagarajan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joshua Pearson
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria Brentville
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rachael Metheringham
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - A Graham Pockley
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lindy Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephanie E McArdle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Krassikova L, Zhang B, Nagarajan D, Queiroz AL, Kacal M, Samakidis E, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Norberg E. The deubiquitinase JOSD2 is a positive regulator of glucose metabolism. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1091-1109. [PMID: 33082514 PMCID: PMC7937685 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo complex metabolic alterations. The mechanisms underlying the tuning of cancer metabolism are under active investigation. Here, we identify the uncharacterized deubiquitinase JOSD2 as a positive regulator of cancer cell proliferation by displaying comprehensive effects on glucose catabolism. We found that JOSD2 directly controls a metabolic enzyme complex that includes Aldolase A, Phosphofructokinase-1 and Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, in vitro and in vivo. Further, JOSD2 expression, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, deubiquitinates and stabilizes the enzyme complex, thereby enhancing their activities and the glycolytic rate. This represents a selective JOSD2 feature that is not shared among other Machado-Joseph disease DUBs or observed in nontransformed cells. JOSD2 deficiency displays cytostatic effects and reduces glycolysis in a broad spectrum of tumor cells of distinct origin and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Overall, our study provides evidence for a previously unknown biological mechanism in which JOSD2 integrates glucose and serine metabolism with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Krassikova
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boxi Zhang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Lima Queiroz
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XPresent Address: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Merve Kacal
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelos Samakidis
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helin Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Norberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Cuzzubbo S, Mangsbo S, Nagarajan D, Habra K, Pockley AG, McArdle SEB. Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615240. [PMID: 33679703 PMCID: PMC7927599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the discovery and characterization of multiple tumor antigens have sparked the development of many antigen/derived cancer vaccines, many are poorly immunogenic and thus, lack clinical efficacy. Adjuvants are therefore incorporated into vaccine formulations to trigger strong and long-lasting immune responses. Adjuvants have generally been classified into two categories: those that ‘depot’ antigens (e.g. mineral salts such as aluminum hydroxide, emulsions, liposomes) and those that act as immunostimulants (Toll Like Receptor agonists, saponins, cytokines). In addition, several novel technologies using vector-based delivery of antigens have been used. Unfortunately, the immune system declines with age, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence, and this is characterized by functional changes in both innate and adaptive cellular immunity systems as well as in lymph node architecture. While many of the immune functions decline over time, others paradoxically increase. Indeed, aging is known to be associated with a low level of chronic inflammation—inflamm-aging. Given that the median age of cancer diagnosis is 66 years and that immunotherapeutic interventions such as cancer vaccines are currently given in combination with or after other forms of treatments which themselves have immune-modulating potential such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the choice of adjuvants requires careful consideration in order to achieve the maximum immune response in a compromised environment. In addition, more clinical trials need to be performed to carefully assess how less conventional form of immune adjuvants, such as exercise, diet and psychological care which have all be shown to influence immune responses can be incorporated to improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines. In this review, adjuvants will be discussed with respect to the above-mentioned important elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cuzzubbo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75015, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Sara Mangsbo
- Ultimovacs AB, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Clinical pathology Rudbeck laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kinana Habra
- The School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Graham Pockley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie E B McArdle
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
AbstractDecision-making is an essential task in Science and Engineering. Since most of the real-world problems have uncertainty in nature, making the decision is challengeable one for the decision makers. Soft set has the advantage of free from the deficiency of the parameterization tools of existing theories, namely probability, fuzzy theory and the theory of rough sets. Linguistic terms mean different things to different people, so variability in expert's acceptance degree is possible. Here usage of type-1 fuzzy leads to noisy and uncertain, and the parameters also may be noisy and hence type-2 fuzzy sets may be used to address the mentioned issues. Therefore, a triangular interval type-2 fuzzy soft set has been considered in the present work by combining triangular interval type-2 fuzzy set and soft set. In this paper, a triangular interval type-2 fuzzy soft weighted arithmetic operator (TIT2FSWA) has been proposed with its desired mathematical properties; also applied the proposed methodology in a decision-making problem for profit analysis. Further comparative analysis has been made with the existing methods to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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14
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Foulds GA, Vadakekolathu J, Abdel-Fatah TMA, Nagarajan D, Reeder S, Johnson C, Hood S, Moseley PM, Chan SYT, Pockley AG, Rutella S, McArdle SEB. Immune-Phenotyping and Transcriptomic Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Breast Cancer: Identification of a 3 Gene Signature Which Predicts Relapse of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2028. [PMID: 30254632 PMCID: PMC6141692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interactions between the immune system and tumors are highly reciprocal in nature, leading to speculation that tumor recurrence or therapeutic resistance could be influenced or predicted by immune events that manifest locally, but can be detected systemically. Methods: Multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to examine the percentage and phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), monocyte subsets and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the peripheral blood of of 85 patients with breast cancer (50 of whom were assessed before and after one cycle of anthracycline-based chemotherapy), and 23 controls. Transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 23 patients were generated using a NanoString gene profiling platform. Results: An increased percentage of immunosuppressive cells such as granulocytic MDSCs, intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes and CD127negCD25highFoxP3+ Treg cells was observed in patients with breast cancer, especially patients with stage 3 and 4 disease, regardless of ER status. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, B cell numbers decreased significantly, whereas monocyte numbers increased. Although chemotherapy had no effect on the percentage of Treg, MDSC and NK cells, the expression of inhibitory receptors CD85j, LIAR and NKG2A and activating receptors NKp30 and NKp44 on NK cells increased, concomitant with a decreased expression of NKp46 and DNAM-1 activating receptors. Transcriptomic profiling revealed a distinct group of 3 patients in the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cohort who expressed high levels of mRNA encoding genes predominantly involved in inflammation. The analysis of a large transcriptomic dataset derived from the tumors of patients with TNBC revealed that the expression of CD163, CXCR4, THBS1 predicted relapse-free survival. Conclusions: The peripheral blood immunome of patients with breast cancer is influenced by the presence and stage of cancer, but not by molecular subtypes. Furthermore, immune profiling coupled with transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood cells may identify patients with TNBC that are at risk of relapse after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek M A Abdel-Fatah
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Reeder
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Johnson
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hood
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Moseley
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Y T Chan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie E B McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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15
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Nagarajan D, Durrant L, Christensen D, Pockley AG, McArdle S. Abstract P1-08-06: Not presented. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-08-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was not presented at the symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nagarajan
- Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom; Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Durrant
- Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom; Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Christensen
- Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom; Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - AG Pockley
- Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom; Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S McArdle
- Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom; Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, both at a molecular and a histological level. Five intrinsic subtypes were initially identified-Luminal-A, Luminal-B, HER2⁺, Triple negative/basal like (TNBC) and normal like-subsequently expanded to seven (Basal-like-1 and 2, mesenchymal, mesenchymal stem-like, luminal androgen receptor, immuno-modulatory and unstable). Although genetic and epigenetic changes are key pathogenic events, the immune system plays a substantial role in promoting progression and metastasis. This review will discuss the extent to which immune cells can be detected within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their prognostic role and relationship with the microbiome, with an emphasis on TNBC.
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17
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Nagarajan D, Chandrasekhar M, Jebakumar J, Menon KA. Verrucous carcinoma of foot at an unusual site: Lessons to be learnt. South Asian J Cancer 2017; 6:63. [PMID: 28702408 PMCID: PMC5506811 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.208839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Nagarajan
- Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jim Jebakumar
- Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Aravind Menon
- Department of General Surgery, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Nagarajan D, Baskaranarayanan B, Usha K, Jayanthi MS, Vijjaykanth M. Comparison and ranking of superelasticity of different austenite active nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires using mechanical tensile testing and correlating with its electrical resistivity. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 8:S71-S76. [PMID: 27829751 PMCID: PMC5074045 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.191972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The application of light and continuous forces for optimum physiological response and the least damage to the tooth supporting structures should be the primary aim of an orthodontist. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys with their desirable properties are one of the natural choices of the clinicians. Aim: This study was aimed to compare and rank them based on its tensile strength and electrical resistivity. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of eight groups of 0.017 inch × 0.025 inch rectangular archwires from eight different manufacturers, and five samples from each group for tensile testing and nine samples for electrical resistivity tests were used. Data for stress at 10% strain and the initial slope were statistically analyzed with an analysis of variance and Scheffe tests with P < 0.05. The stress/strain plots of each product were ranked for superelastic behavior. The rankings of the wires tested were based primarily on the unloading curve's slope which is indicative of the magnitude of the deactivation force and secondarily on the length of the horizontal segment which is indicative of continuous forces during deactivation. For calculating the electric resistivity, the change in resistance after inducing strain in the wires was taken into account for the calculation of degree of martensite transformation and for ranking. Results: In tensile testing Ortho Organizers wires ranked first and GAC Lowland NiTi wires ranked last. For resistivity tests Ormco A wires were found superior and Morelli remained last. Conclusion: these rankings should be correlated clinically and need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nagarajan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - K Usha
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Jayanthi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Vijjaykanth
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Usha K, Baskaranarayanan B, Nagarajan D, Selvarani R, Vijjaykanth M. Bone density assessment for evaluation of gender differences in cervical vertebral maturation: A computed tomography study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 8:S65-S70. [PMID: 27829750 PMCID: PMC5074044 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.191971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method is a vital tool for assessing the biological maturation of the orthodontic patient to evaluate the amount of mandibular bone growth left. AIM To assess and visualize the cervical vertebral morphology (bone density) of orthodontic patients of the age group 9,16,27 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty four subjects with age group of 9,16,27 who were randomly selected and subjected to 3d tomographic study to estimate the biological age of the orthodontic patients by analyzing c1 c2 and c3 vertebrae. RESULT The results showed that bone density of males is lesser than females in 9 and 16 years, whereas they have more bone density than females in 27 years. CONCLUSION The study provides qualitative method of assessing the biological age of the patient by using images of cervical vertebrae by three dimensional approach. Hence it can be useful for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Usha
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balashanmugam Baskaranarayanan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Balashanmugam Baskaranarayanan, E-mail:
| | - D. Nagarajan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Selvarani
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Vijjaykanth
- Department of Orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nagarajan D, Pockley G, Rees R, McArdle S. Investigation of the Helicase Antigen (HAGE) as Immunotherapeutic Target for Breast Cancer Therapy. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu467.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Nagarajan D. Community based rehabilitation in India: who contributes to CBR programmes for the visually impaired? Community Eye Health 1998; 11:52-4. [PMID: 17492044 PMCID: PMC1706069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Nagarajan
- (1) Lions Aravind Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Madurai
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22
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Victor G, Shanmugasundaram K, Krishnamurthi CA, Rex PM, Nagarajan D. Haemoglobin response to anabolic steroid in iron-deficiency anaemia. J Assoc Physicians India 1967; 15:177-83. [PMID: 4864167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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