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Vajjiravel P, Nagarajan D, Pugazhenthi V, Suresh A, Sivalingam MK, Venkat A, Mahapatra PP, Razi K, Al Murad M, Bae DW, Notaguchi M, Seth CS, Muneer S. Circadian-based approach for improving physiological, phytochemical and chloroplast proteome in Spinacia oleracea under salinity stress and light emitting diodes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108350. [PMID: 38199026 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is a recognized annihilating abiotic stress that has a significant impact on agricultural and horticulture crop productivity. Plant development faces three distinct dangers as a result of salt stress: oxidative stress, osmotic stress, and ionic toxicity. It has been shown that plants can forecast diurnal patterns using the circadian clock; moreover, they can manage their defensive mechanism for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Circadian rhythmicity in gene expression assembles transcription and translation feedback networks to govern plant shape, physiology, cellular and molecular activities. Both external and internal variables influence the systemic rhythm via input routes. The Malav Jyoti (MJ) and Delhi Green (DG) genotypes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were grown in the plant growth chamber. The chamber had an optimized temperature of 25 °C and humidity of 65% containing light emitting diode (LED) having Red: Blue: white (one side) and White fluorescent (other side) under salinity stress. The samples were collected on the basis of 4 h intervals of circadian hours (0 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h) during Day-10 and Day-20 of salt treatments. Under salt stress, the circadian and light-emitting diode-based strategy had a substantial influence on spinach's anti-oxidative responses, stomatal movement, CO2 assimilation, PS-I and II efficiency, phytochrome pigment efficiency, and photosynthesis. Based on the findings of the free radical scavenging enzyme tests, the photoperiodic hours for the proteome analysis were set to 11 am and 3 pm on Day-20. When compared to white fluorescent, this study found that LED has the capacity to influence the entrainment cues of the circadian clock in the cultivation of salt-sensitive spinach genotypes. According to our findings, changing the cellular scavenging mechanism and chloroplast proteome has increased the survival rate of spinach genotypes under LED when compared to white fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Vajjiravel
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Varsha Pugazhenthi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Ajay Suresh
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Madhan Kumar Sivalingam
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Ajila Venkat
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Musa Al Murad
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Dong Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Pugazhenthi V, Sunitha C. The Government-sponsored Health Insurance Schemes for the Gross Domestic Healthiness. Journal of Health Management 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0972063415606276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Today, there are 27 general insurance companies including the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd (ECGC) and Agriculture Insurance Corporation (AIC) of India and 24 life insurance companies operating in the country. Barring the AIC and ECGC, all other 25 insurers transact health insurance business, of whom four are stand-alone health insurers. Although there are number of insurers and different types of health insurance products available in the market, three-fourth health-insured Indians gets covered only by a government-sponsored health insurance scheme (GSHIS). Of all the health insurance premiums underwritten in the year 2012–2013, 15 per cent came only from the GSHIS. In terms of number of persons covered, 72 per cent health-insured people are governed by one or other GSHIS. Looking at the profitability of the health insurer also, the incurred claims ratio is just 87.13 per cent in GSHISs, whereas the total incurred claim ratio of the Indian health insurance industry is 94.92 per cent. Thus, the health insurance premium, penetration and profitability—all of these are significantly sponsored and subsidized by the government through GSHIS, incorporating the public–private partnership (PPP) mode. This article details the role of GSHIS in the health insurance segment, taking the performances of the Indian health insurance sector in the year 2012–2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Pugazhenthi
- Associate Professor of Commerce, Research Department of Commerce, Rajah Serfoji Government College, Thanjavur-5, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C. Sunitha
- Associate Professor of Economics, Research Department of Economics, Rajah Serfoji Government College, Thanjavur-5, Tamil Nadu, India
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