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Rosi M, Russell B, Kristensen LG, Farquhar ER, Jain R, Abel D, Sullivan M, Costello SM, Dominguez-Martin MA, Chen Y, Marqusee S, Petzold CJ, Kerfeld CA, DePonte DP, Farahmand F, Gupta S, Ralston CY. An automated liquid jet for fluorescence dosimetry and microsecond radiolytic labeling of proteins. Commun Biol 2022; 5:866. [PMID: 36008591 PMCID: PMC9411504 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray radiolytic labeling uses broadband X-rays for in situ hydroxyl radical labeling to map protein interactions and conformation. High flux density beams are essential to overcome radical scavengers. However, conventional sample delivery environments, such as capillary flow, limit the use of a fully unattenuated focused broadband beam. An alternative is to use a liquid jet, and we have previously demonstrated that use of this form of sample delivery can increase labeling by tenfold at an unfocused X-ray source. Here we report the first use of a liquid jet for automated inline quantitative fluorescence dosage characterization and sample exposure at a high flux density microfocused synchrotron beamline. Our approach enables exposure times in single-digit microseconds while retaining a high level of side-chain labeling. This development significantly boosts the method’s overall effectiveness and efficiency, generates high-quality data, and opens up the arena for high throughput and ultrafast time-resolved in situ hydroxyl radical labeling. A high-speed liquid jet delivery system improves the X-ray footprinting and mass spectrometry method to label proteins for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rosi
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, Sonoma, CA, 94928, US
| | - Brandon Russell
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, Sonoma, CA, 94928, US
| | - Line G Kristensen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | - Erik R Farquhar
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, US
| | - Rohit Jain
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, US
| | - Donald Abel
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, US
| | - Michael Sullivan
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, US
| | - Shawn M Costello
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maria Agustina Dominguez-Martin
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, US.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | - Yan Chen
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | - Susan Marqusee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, US.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | | | - Farid Farahmand
- Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, Sonoma, CA, 94928, US
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US.
| | - Corie Y Ralston
- Molecular Foundry Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US.
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2
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Jain R, Abel D, Rakitin M, Sullivan M, Lodowski DT, Chance MR, Farquhar ER. New high-throughput endstation to accelerate the experimental optimization pipeline for synchrotron X-ray footprinting. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1321-1332. [PMID: 34475281 PMCID: PMC8415340 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521005026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray footprinting (XF) is a growing structural biology technique that leverages radiation-induced chemical modifications via X-ray radiolysis of water to produce hydroxyl radicals that probe changes in macromolecular structure and dynamics in solution states of interest. The X-ray Footprinting of Biological Materials (XFP) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II provides the structural biology community with access to instrumentation and expert support in the XF method, and is also a platform for development of new technological capabilities in this field. The design and implementation of a new high-throughput endstation device based around use of a 96-well PCR plate form factor and supporting diagnostic instrumentation for synchrotron XF is described. This development enables a pipeline for rapid comprehensive screening of the influence of sample chemistry on hydroxyl radical dose using a convenient fluorescent assay, illustrated here with a study of 26 organic compounds. The new high-throughput endstation device and sample evaluation pipeline now available at the XFP beamline provide the worldwide structural biology community with a robust resource for carrying out well optimized synchrotron XF studies of challenging biological systems with complex sample compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Jain
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Donald Abel
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Maksim Rakitin
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Michael Sullivan
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David T. Lodowski
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark R. Chance
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erik R. Farquhar
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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3
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Siddons DP, Kuczewski AJ, Rumaiz AK, Tappero R, Idir M, Nakhoda K, Khanfri J, Singh V, Farquhar ER, Sullivan M, Abel D, Brady DJ, Yuan X. A coded aperture microscope for X-ray fluorescence full-field imaging. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1703-1706. [PMID: 33147197 PMCID: PMC7642964 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520012308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design and construction of an instrument for full-field imaging of the X-ray fluorescence emitted by a fully illuminated sample are presented. The aim is to produce an X-ray microscope with a few micrometers spatial resolution, which does not need to scan the sample. Since the fluorescence from a spatially inhomogeneous sample may contain many fluorescence lines, the optic which will provide the magnification of the emissions must be achromatic, i.e. its optical properties must be energy-independent. The only optics which fulfill this requirement in the X-ray regime are mirrors and pinholes. The throughput of a simple pinhole is very low, so the concept of coded apertures is an attractive extension which improves the throughput by having many pinholes, and retains the achromatic property. Modified uniformly redundant arrays (MURAs) with 10 µm openings and 50% open area have been fabricated using gold in a lithographic technique, fabricated on a 1 µm-thick silicon nitride membrane. The gold is 25 µm thick, offering good contrast up to 20 keV. The silicon nitride is transparent down into the soft X-ray region. MURAs with various orders, from 19 up to 73, as well as their respective negative (a mask where open and closed positions are inversed compared with the original mask), have been made. Having both signs of mask will reduce near-field artifacts and make it possible to correct for any lack of contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Siddons
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A. J. Kuczewski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A. K. Rumaiz
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - R. Tappero
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - M. Idir
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - K. Nakhoda
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - J. Khanfri
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - V. Singh
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - E. R. Farquhar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - M. Sullivan
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - D. Abel
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - X. Yuan
- Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA
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4
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Bonitz L, Pugachev A, Arnold M, Janoske U, Hassfeld S, Abel D, Bicsak A, Mueller C. “Digital Twin” based approach to patient specific diagnosis and therapy of OSA. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Asuru A, Farquhar ER, Sullivan M, Abel D, Toomey J, Chance MR, Bohon J. The XFP (17-BM) beamline for X-ray footprinting at NSLS-II. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1388-1399. [PMID: 31274468 PMCID: PMC6613119 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl-radical mediated synchrotron X-ray footprinting (XF) is a powerful solution-state technique in structural biology for the study of macromolecular structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids, with several synchrotron resources available to serve the XF community worldwide. The XFP (Biological X-ray Footprinting) beamline at the NSLS-II was constructed on a three-pole wiggler source at 17-BM to serve as the premier beamline for performing this technique, providing an unparalleled combination of high flux density broadband beam, flexibility in beam morphology, and sample handling capabilities specifically designed for XF experiments. The details of beamline design, beam measurements, and science commissioning results for a standard protein using the two distinct XFP endstations are presented here. XFP took first light in 2016 and is now available for general user operations through peer-reviewed proposals. Currently, beam sizes from 450 µm × 120 µm to 2.7 mm × 2.7 mm (FWHM) are available, with a flux of 1.6 × 1016 photons s-1 (measured at 325 mA ring current) in a broadband (∼5-16 keV) beam. This flux is expected to rise to 2.5 × 1016 photons s-1 at the full NSLS-II design current of 500 mA, providing an incident power density of >500 W mm-2 at full focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awuri Asuru
- Center for Synchrotron Bioscience, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Systems Biology Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erik R. Farquhar
- Center for Synchrotron Bioscience, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael Sullivan
- Center for Synchrotron Bioscience, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Donald Abel
- Center for Synchrotron Bioscience, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John Toomey
- Center for Synchrotron Bioscience, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark R. Chance
- Center for Synchrotron Bioscience, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jen Bohon
- Center for Synchrotron Bioscience, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Arenbeck H, Bornemann C, Escobar N, Bollue K, Eble M, Abel D. PD-0226: New robotic phantom: Evaluation of performance in radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)32532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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D'Mello R, Gupta S, Bohon J, Abel D, Toomey J, Sullivan M, Chance MR. X-ray Footprinting at Beamline X28C: A National Resource for Studying Macromolecular Structure and Dynamics. Biophys J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Sullivan MR, Rekhi S, Bohon J, Gupta S, Abel D, Toomey J, Chance MR. Installation and testing of a focusing mirror at beamline X28C for high flux x-ray radiolysis of biological macromolecules. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:025101. [PMID: 18315323 DOI: 10.1063/1.2839027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The NSLS X28C white-light beamline has been upgraded with a focusing mirror in order to provide increased x-ray density and a wide selection of beam shapes at the sample position. The cylindrical single crystal silicon mirror uses an Indalloy 51 liquid support bath as both a mechanism for heat transfer and a buoyant support to counter the effects of gravity and correct for minor parabolic slope errors. Calorimetric measurements were performed to verify that the calculated more than 200-fold increase in flux density is delivered by the mirror at the smallest beam spot. The properties of the focused beam relevant to radiolytic footprinting, namely, the physical dimensions of the beam, the effective hydroxyl radical dose delivered to the sample, and sample heating upon irradiation, have been studied at several mirror angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sullivan
- Center for Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry and Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4988, USA
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9
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Modigell M, Kneer R, Maier H, Peters N, Abel D, Niehuis R. OXYCOAL-AC – Entwicklung eines CO2-emissionsfreien thermischen Kraftwerksprozesses. CHEM-ING-TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200590137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Weiss R, Abel D, Scholtysik G, Straub R, Mevissen M. 5-Hydroxytryptamine mediated contractions in isolated preparations of equine ileum and pelvic flexure: pharmacological characterization of a new 5-HT(4) agonist. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002; 25:49-58. [PMID: 11874527 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), HTF 919, a new 5-HT(4) agonist, and the antagonists SB 203-186 (5-HT(4)) and tropisetron (5-HT(3)) on intestinal motility were tested in vitro on isolated preparations of horse ileum and pelvic flexure. Concentration-response curves were created by cumulative application of the agonists with or without preincubation of the antagonists. The 5-HT preparation induced a concentration-dependent contraction in equine ileum and pelvic flexure. The results indicate that 5-HT receptors are present in all parts of equine intestine investigated in this study. Tropisetron was found to act as a noncompetitive antagonist in all locations of the equine intestine. SB 203-106 was confirmed as an antagonist to 5-HT in the equine ileum circular muscle, in pelvic flexure circular and longitudinal muscle. Nevertheless, a discernible increase of smooth muscle contractions caused by HTF 919 could only be observed in pelvic flexure. In accordance with an earlier study in the guinea pig, in the equine gut HTF 919 acted as a partial agonist for the 5-HT(4) receptor with an affinity constant in the nanomolar range. It is concluded that 5-HT receptors, and especially their subtypes, may represent a promising target for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weiss
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Danuser H, Weiss R, Abel D, Walter B, Scholtysik G, Mettler D, Studer UE. Systemic and topical drug administration in the pig ureter: effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors alpha1, beta and beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists on the frequency and amplitude of ureteral contractions. J Urol 2001; 166:714-20. [PMID: 11458123 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)66049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We searched for compounds that are pharmacologically active on ureteral motility for treating ureteral colic to ease retrograde access into the ureter and improve the clearance of stones or stone particles from the ureter. The effects of the alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine, the nonselective beta and beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists isoproterenol and fenoterol, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors papaverine (nonspecific) and rolipram (type IV) on the frequency and amplitude of ureteral contractions when administered intravenously or topically were investigated in pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 52 pigs were anesthetized. A double lumen 6Fr catheter was inserted through each renal pelvis and into the ureter, allowing perfusion of saline or drug solution into the renal pelvis and the recording of contractions from the mid portion of the ureter. RESULTS The alpha1 and beta-adrenergic receptors of the ureter are not tonically activated by endogenous epinephrine or norepinephrine. Phenylephrine administered intravenously at a dose of 0.01 to 3 mg./kg. and topically at 0.1 to 3 mg./ml. per minute increased contraction frequency 10 and 4-fold, respectively, and contraction amplitude 2-fold each in a dose dependent manner. Arterial blood pressure increased markedly during intravenous administration of phenylephrine but was minimally affected during topical application. The phenylephrine effects were reversed by the antagonist prazosin. Isoproterenol administered intravenously at a dose of 0.01 to 10 mg./kg. and topically at 0.1 to 200 microg./ml. per minute decreased contraction frequency to 13% and 31% of controls, respectively. Contraction amplitude was not affected by intravenous administration but decreased to 59% of controls when applied topically. These effects were also observed with a slight delay in the saline perfused contralateral ureter. The heart rate also increased, suggesting absorption of the drug by the urothelium. The isoproterenol effects were blocked by the antagonist propranolol. Fenoterol administered intravenously at a dose of 0.1 to 30 microg./kg. and topically at 0.003 to 1 mg./ml. per minute decreased contraction frequency to 14% and 10% of controls, and contraction amplitude to 84% and 65%, respectively. These effects on the drug perfused ureter were also observed on the contralateral saline perfused ureter but to a lesser extent. The fenoterol effects were blocked by the antagonist propranolol. Papaverine administered intravenously at a dose of 0.001 to 3 mg./kg. decreased contraction frequency to 33% of controls. Topically administered papaverine as well as intravenous and topically administered rolipram had no relevant effect on ureteral motility. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous phenylephrine increases, and isoproterenol and fenoterol decrease the frequency and amplitude of ureteral contractions in the pig. The same effects are observed with the topical administration of phenylephrine, which causes a significant local but not systemic side effect. Topical administration of isoproterenol and fenoterol produced local as well as systemic effects, suggesting absorption by the urothelium. However, to our knowledge a drug that relaxes ureteral peristalsis in pigs without causing systemic side effects has not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Danuser
- Department of Urology (Surgery Research Unit) and Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND During summer enteroviral meningitis is a common cause of febrile illness in children, who are typically hospitalized for 2 to 3 days if bacterial infection is suspected. It has been hypothesized that a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay could quickly confirm the diagnosis and subsequently decrease hospitalization costs. However, to have maximum impact results should be available within 24 h. This necessitates daily assays on small numbers of samples. METHODS We examined the clinical utility of a PCR assay during two summers, comparing length of stay and charges. Only during the second summer were results reported to clinicians. Case controls were patients with negative PCR assay results but uncomplicated, presumed viral infections. We determined the cost per case identified with and without pleocytosis as a screen for PCR testing. RESULTS During the first summer 25% (5/20) of patients with positive PCR assay results remained hospitalized for >2 days. During the second summer 10.2% (6 of 59) of children with positive enteroviral PCR assay results but 37.9% (25 of 66) of case controls remained hospitalized for >2 days. The mean length of hospitalization was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter for patients with positive PCR test results than for case controls. The material cost was approximately $238 per case identified. CONCLUSIONS PCR testing has clinical utility for diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis. Although the demands for daily testing make the test expensive, it appears to be cost-effective with savings related to shorter hospital stays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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13
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Abel D, Shulman M. The FDA and regulatory issues in graft development. Semin Vasc Surg 1999; 12:74-82. [PMID: 10100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory issues in graft development range from mundane to complex because of the extensive diversity in graft technology. This article, describes the regulatory differentiation between types of grafts, incorporating a description of the system for classifying devices by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Information relating to the need for and the regulation of clinical investigations of grafts is included. This discussion includes a description of the current work by the International Organization of Standards on endovascular devices. Finally, a contrast between clinical studies sponsored by manufacturers and individual clinical investigators is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abel
- Office of Device Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Veith FJ, Abbott WM, Yao JS, Goldstone J, White RA, Abel D, Dake MD, Ernst CB, Fogarty TJ, Johnston KW. Guidelines for development and use of transluminally placed endovascular prosthetic grafts in the arterial system. Endovascular Graft Committee. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1995; 6:477-91; discussion 491-2. [PMID: 7647455 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(95)72846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F J Veith
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10467-2490, USA
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15
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Veith FJ, Abbott WM, Yao JS, Goldstone J, White RA, Abel D, Dake MD, Ernest CB, Fogarty TJ, Johnston KW. Guidelines for development and use of transluminally placed endovascular prosthetic grafts in the arterial system. Endovascular Graft Committee. J Vasc Surg 1995; 21:670-85. [PMID: 7707571 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F J Veith
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10467, USA
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Abel D, Seale DB, Boraas ME. Periodicities and transient shifts in anuran (Xenopus laevis, Rana clamitans) oxygen consumption revealed with flow-through respirometry. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 1992; 101:425-32. [PMID: 1348672 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. A custom-designed, computer-controlled, flow-through respirometry system was used to monitor oxygen consumption in aquatic anurans: Xenopus laevis metamorphs and larval Rana clamitans. 2. There was no evidence that animals were stressed in the flow-through respirometer; oxygen consumption rates in static vs open mode fell within the same range and animals were quiescent in the chambers. 3. Diurnal periodicity was pronounced in X. laevis: both mean rates and variability of oxygen consumption were higher during scotophase, although individual differences in the timing of peaks were pronounced. 4. A transient peak in metabolism following introduction of ethanol, with subsequent recovery, was monitored for X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
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Abstract
Neurointermediate lobes of the rat pituitary gland were incubated with [3H]dopamine in the presence of desipramine and then superfused with radioactivity-free medium. The outflow of tritium was studied and in most experiments [3H]dopamine and its metabolites were separated by column chromatography. After 60-70 min of superfusion, the spontaneous rate of tritium outflow was 1.2%/min. The spontaneously released radioactivity consisted of 52% O-methylated and deaminated metabolites, 28% 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 18% dopamine and 2% 3-methoxytyramine. In the presence of pargyline (10 microM) the spontaneous rate of total tritium outflow decreased by 46%, that of the O-methylated and deaminated metabolites by 72% and that of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid by 79%. The spontaneous rate of outflow of dopamine was unchanged and that of 3-methoxytyramine increased 3-fold. Further addition of nomifensine (10 microM) doubled the rate of outflow of dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine, but had no effect on the other metabolites. Electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk (0.2 ms, 80 V, 3 Hz, 2 min) caused a tritium release of 8.5% of the tissue tritium. The evoked tritium release was only partially dependent on the extracellular calcium and not affected by tetrodotoxin. In contrast, vasopressin release evoked by stimuli of the same strength was completely calcium-dependent and blocked by tetrodotoxin. After modification of the stimulation conditions (1 ms, 10 V, 10 Hz, 2 min) the evoked tritium release was 4.1% of the tissue tritium. This tritium release was reduced by 73% in the presence of tetrodotoxin. The total evoked tritium release was decreased by 30% in the presence of pargyline and increased by 150% after further addition of nomifensine. Under the latter conditions, tetrodotoxin reduced the evoked tritium release by 67%, but nearly all of the tetrodotoxin-resistant tritium release could be identified as dopamine metabolites. Thus, the electrical stimulation appears to liberate some [3H]dopamine metabolites from an extraneuronal compartment. In conclusion, oxidative deamination and O-methylation are important pathways of the catabolism of dopamine in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. After labelling of the transmitter stores with [3H]dopamine, the total tritium release is a poor indicator of [3H]dopamine release from the nerve terminals. Only the isolated [3H]dopamine fraction appears to reflect the release of neuronal [3H]dopamine.
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Wenner HA, Abel D, Arnoldi S. Seroimmunity to polioviruses and B. pertussis. Population data for residents of Kansas City. Mo Med 1982; 79:81-89. [PMID: 6285162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Wenner HA, Abel D, Olson LC, Burry VF. A mixed epidemic associated with echovirus types 6 and 11: virologic, clinical and epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 114:369-78. [PMID: 6272570 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During 1979, an outbreak of mixed enterovirus infections occurred in Kansas City and adjacent communities. Sixty-six enteroviruses and 7 adenoviruses were recovered from 73 persons in a survey hospital population. Twenty-eight persons yielded echovirus type 11, 22, echovirus type 6, and 16 either echovirus type 9 or Coxsackieviruses group B, types 2 and 3. This study describes some of the clinical, virologic and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak. A major finding relates to the recovery of enteroviruses from cerebrospinal fluids with essentially normal leukocyte counts.
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Zull JE, Krug S, Abel D, Caplan AI. Development of parathyroid hormone- and calcitonin-activated adenylate cyclases in embryonic chicken limb and in cultured cells from embryonic chicken limb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:3871-5. [PMID: 279002 PMCID: PMC392890 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.8.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin was measured as a function of stage of development in embryonic chicken limb buds. Responsiveness to both hormones develops in the tissue at the time when nascent bone is forming. In addition, a temporal sequence of development of hormone response was observed, with a PTH-activated adenylate cyclase appearing earlier than the calcitonin-activated enzyme. The responsiveness to the two hormones was additive, indicating the presence of two receptor populations. Undifferentiated cells obtained from limb buds prior to appearance of hormonal responsiveness were cultured and were found to develop a PTH-activated adenylate cyclase in vitro. However, a calcitonin-stimulated enzyme did not appear in such cultures. The PTH-activated enzyme was found to be similar to that present in bone in regard to its sensitivity to PTH. The enzyme did not respond to other hormones, and myoblast cultures did not develop a PTH-activated adenylate cyclase, indicating that a true bone adenylate cyclase was being measured.
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Wenner HA, Abel D, Barrick S, Seshumurty P. Clinical and pathogenetic studies of Medical Lake macaque virus infections in cynomolgus monkeys (simian varicella). J Infect Dis 1977; 135:611-22. [PMID: 192806 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/135.4.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Medical Lake macaque (MLM) virus produced varicelliform eruptions in cynomolgus monkeys. Not all experimentally infected monkeys developed overt disease; viremia was found, and specific antibodies were detected. Specific lesions were found in skin, lymph nodes, and spleen. Focal inflammatory lesions were present in liver, pancreas, and lung (after intratracheal instillation of virus). MLM virus was recovered from these and other organs. The temporal movements of MLM virus in and out of primary and secondary target organs remained partially unsolved. MLM virus is related to the Wu strain of varicella virus.
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Abstract
The MLM herpesvirus is infectious for cynomolgus monkeys. The disease in this species, possibly modulated by preinoculation antibody resembles human varicella. Virus has been recovered from blood during the early incubation period, and from liver, lymph nodes, kidney, bladder and urine during the eruptive period of infection. The major target organs were skin and liver; specific pathological changes developed in both. Appropriate antibody responses, including those to Herpesvirus varicellae followed infections mounted by parenteral inoculation of cynomolgus monkeys.
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Kreutzberger A, Abel D. [Effect of substituents in the aminomethinylation of active methylene compounds]. Arch Pharm Ber Dtsch Pharm Ges 1970; 303:715-9. [PMID: 5273779 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19703030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kreutzberger A, Abel D. [Modification of active methylene compounds by the nitro-group during amino-methylation]. Arch Pharm Ber Dtsch Pharm Ges 1970; 303:107-15. [PMID: 5267703 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19703030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kreutzberger A, Abel D. [New formation route of indolizine ring system]. Mitt Dtsch Pharm Ges Pharm Ges DDR 1969; 39:701-9. [PMID: 5395347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kreutzberger A, Abel D. [Reaction behavior of phenylacetic acid derivatives in aminomethinylation]. Arch Pharm Ber Dtsch Pharm Ges 1969; 302:362-75. [PMID: 5273061 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19693020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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