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Engelman D, Yoshizumi J, Hay R, Osti M, Micali G, Norton S, Walton S, Boralevi F, Bernigaud C, Bowen A, Chang A, Chosidow O, Estrada‐Chavez G, Feldmeier H, Ishii N, Lacarrubba F, Mahé A, Maurer T, Mahdi M, Murdoch M, Pariser D, Nair P, Rehmus W, Romani L, Tilakaratne D, Tuicakau M, Walker S, Wanat K, Whitfeld M, Yotsu R, Steer A, Fuller L. The 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies Consensus Criteria for the Diagnosis of Scabies. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:808-820. [PMID: 32034956 PMCID: PMC7687112 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies is a common parasitic skin condition that causes considerable morbidity globally. Clinical and epidemiological research for scabies has been limited by a lack of standardization of diagnostic methods. OBJECTIVES To develop consensus criteria for the diagnosis of common scabies that could be implemented in a variety of settings. METHODS Consensus diagnostic criteria were developed through a Delphi study with international experts. Detailed recommendations were collected from the expert panel to define the criteria features and guide their implementation. These comments were then combined with a comprehensive review of the available literature and the opinion of an expanded group of international experts to develop detailed, evidence-based definitions and diagnostic methods. RESULTS The 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) Consensus Criteria for the Diagnosis of Scabies include three levels of diagnostic certainty and eight subcategories. Confirmed scabies (level A) requires direct visualization of the mite or its products. Clinical scabies (level B) and suspected scabies (level C) rely on clinical assessment of signs and symptoms. Evidence-based, consensus methods for microscopy, visualization and clinical symptoms and signs were developed, along with a media library. CONCLUSIONS The 2020 IACS Criteria represent a pragmatic yet robust set of diagnostic features and methods. The criteria may be implemented in a range of research, public health and clinical settings by selecting the appropriate diagnostic levels and subcategories. These criteria may provide greater consistency and standardization for scabies diagnosis. Validation studies, development of training materials and development of survey methods are now required. What is already known about this topic? The diagnosis of scabies is limited by the lack of accurate, objective tests. Microscopy of skin scrapings can confirm the diagnosis, but it is insensitive, invasive and often impractical. Diagnosis usually relies on clinical assessment, although visualization using dermoscopy is becoming increasingly common. These diagnostic methods have not been standardized, hampering the interpretation of findings from clinical research and epidemiological surveys, and the development of scabies control strategies. What does this study add? International consensus diagnostic criteria for common scabies were developed through a Delphi study with global experts. The 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) Criteria categorize diagnosis at three levels of diagnostic certainty (confirmed, clinical and suspected scabies) and eight subcategories, and can be adapted to a range of research and public health settings. Detailed definitions and figures are included to aid training and implementation. The 2020 IACS Criteria may facilitate the standardization of scabies diagnosis.
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Liu W, Deacon J, Yan H, Sun B, Liu Y, Hegan D, Li Q, Coman D, Parent M, Hyder F, Roberts K, Nath R, Tillement O, Engelman D, Glazer P. Tumor-targeted pH-low insertion peptide delivery of theranostic gadolinium nanoparticles for image-guided nanoparticle-enhanced radiation therapy. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100839. [PMID: 32763504 PMCID: PMC7408331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor targeting studies using metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown that the enhanced permeability and retention effect may not be sufficient to deliver the amount of intratumoral and intracellular NPs needed for effective in vivo radiosensitization. This work describes a pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) targeted theranostic agent to enable image-guided NP-enhanced radiotherapy using a clinically feasible amount of injected NPs. Conventional gadolinium (Gd) NPs were conjugated to pHLIPs and evaluated in vitro for radiosensitivity and in vivo for mouse MRI. Cultured A549 human lung cancer cells were incubated with 0.5 mM of pHLIP-GdNP or conventional GdNP. Mass spectrometry showed 78-fold more cellular Gd uptake with pHLIP-GdNPs, and clonogenic survival assays showed 44% more enhanced radiosensitivity by 5 Gy irradiation with pHLIP-GdNPs at pH 6.2. In contrast to conventional GdNPs, MR imaging of tumor-bearing mice showed pHLIP-GdNPs had a long retention time in the tumor (>9 h), suitable for radiotherapy, and penetrated into the poorly-vascularized tumor core. The Gd-enhanced tumor corresponded with low-pH areas also independently measured by an in vivo molecular MRI technique. pHLIPs actively target cell surface acidity from tumor cell metabolism and deliver GdNPs into cells in solid tumors. Intracellular delivery enhances the effect of short-range radiosensitizing photoelectrons and Auger electrons. Because acidity is a general hallmark of tumor cells, the delivery is more general than antibody targeting. Imaging the in vivo NP biodistribution and more acidic (often more aggressive) tumors has the potential for quantitative radiotherapy treatment planning and pre-selecting patients who will likely benefit more from NP radiation enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - John Deacon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huagang Yan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Denise Hegan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maxime Parent
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth Roberts
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ravinder Nath
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Lyon, France
| | - Donald Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Cox V, Fuller LC, Engelman D, Steer A, Hay RJ. Estimating the global burden of scabies: what else do we need? Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:237-242. [PMID: 32358799 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scabies is one of the most common disorders identified in any estimate of global skin disease prevalence. Furthermore, quantifying its impact on individuals and societies has been problematic. There has been a lack of clear case definitions and laboratory tests. There have been few epidemiological studies, particularly those focusing on low-income countries, variation in prevalence within high-income countries, or estimates of the effect of scabies on health beyond the skin, such as renal disease or mental wellbeing. Economic studies are also lacking. However, the new strategy of integrating surveillance for skin Neglected Tropical Diseases may well produce advancements on these issues, in addition to providing an overarching structure for health improvement and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cox
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia
| | - L C Fuller
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, UK.,Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Engelman
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Children's Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Steer
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Children's Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R J Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, UK.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
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Reshetnyak YK, Andreev OA, Engelman D. Abstract A102: pHLIP technology for targeting acidity at surface of tumor cells and extracellular and intracellular delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents. Mol Cancer Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-19-a102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
pH-Low Insertion Peptides (pHLIP® peptides) are a platform technology for targeting of acidity at the surface of individual cells within tumors. Most proteins that are located across membranes have one or more helical segments that cross the lipid bilayer, and studies of these membrane proteins revealed pHLIPs, which could fold from disorganized (unstructured) states outside of a membrane to form a helix across the membrane in response to local acidity. Because tumor cell surfaces are acidic as a result of their active metabolism, versions of pHLIP® peptides were extensively investigated and tested as possible tumor targeting agents. Our studies showed that an extensive variety of cargoes can be targeted to cell surfaces and that a surprising range of cargoes can be delivered across membranes into cells if their surfaces are acidic, creating opportunities to detect and treat tumors. pHLIP® peptides can be used to target and tether cargo molecules to the surfaces of cells in low pH environments of acidic diseased tissues. The cargo can be an optical marker, a PET, a SPECT, or a MR imaging agent, or an antigen or a protein delivered to induce certain cellular or immune responses. We are translating pHLIP®-based imaging agents to the clinic for diagnostic PET imaging, fluorescence-guided surgical procedures and photo-acoustic pre-operative imaging. pHLIP® peptides can also be used for the intracellular delivery of payloads, facilitating the translocation of therapeutic cargoes across the membranes of cells with low extracellular pH, such as those cells found in acidic diseased tissue. These payloads are conjugated to the membrane-inserting end of pHLIP® peptide, typically via a link that is unstable inside the cell. Thus, pHLIP® peptide targets a payload to acidic diseased cells and flips the cargo across the plasma membrane, releasing it in the cytoplasm. Therapeutic cargoes may include toxins, metabolic activators/inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, or agents to alter gene expression. *YKR, OAA, and DME are founders of pHLIP, Inc. and have financial interests in the company.
Citation Format: Yana K Reshetnyak, Oleg A Andreev, Donald Engelman. pHLIP technology for targeting acidity at surface of tumor cells and extracellular and intracellular delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A102. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-A102
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Sanyahumbi A, Karthikeyan G, Aliku T, Beaton A, Carapetis J, Culliford-Semmens N, Engelman D, Kado J, Maguire G, Okello E, Penny DJ, Remond M, Sable CA, Steer A, Wilson N. P3131Evolution of subclinical rheumatic heart disease: a multi-centre retrospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Screening echocardiography (echo) detects subclinical rheumatic heart disease (RHD) which is categorised as definite or borderline. The natural history of subclinical RHD is not known. Follow up single centre studies have included a relatively small number of participants, and have shown variable progression rates.
Aim
To determine incidence of and factors associated with progression and regression among a cohort of children with baseline subclinical RHD across multiple countries and regions.
Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of RHD evolution in children with subclinical RHD. Study sites were Australia, Fiji, Malawi, New Zealand, and Uganda. Progression or regression was determined from echos obtained at baseline and most recent follow-up. Factors associated with echo progression or regression were identified using multivariable logistic regression.
Results
482 participants (131 with definite, 351 with borderline subclinical RHD) from 5 countries were included (mean age 11.5 years, range 5–19 years). Mean follow up was 3.4 yrs (range 0.4–9.5 yrs). Of 482 participating children, 204 (42%) regressed. Among 131 children with definite lesions, 48 (37%) regressed to borderline or normal, and 83 (63%) remained definite. Among 351 children with borderline lesions, 39 (11.1%) progressed, 156 (44.4%) remained borderline, and 156 (44.4%) regressed to normal. World Heart Federation defines subcategories based on characteristics of affected valves. By subcategory, children with definite C (pathological aortic regurgitation and 2 morphologic characteristics of the aortic valve) and borderline A (at least 2 morphologic features of the mitral valve without pathologic mitral regurgitation or stenosis) were less likely to regress, and borderline A was more likely to progress. In univariable analysis, good adherence (>80%) to penicillin prophylaxis (BPG) was associated with more regression among all patients (definite + borderline) (OR 1.9, CI 1, 3.5; p=0.04) but this association did not remain significant after adjustment. With multivariable analysis, borderlines prescribed BPG was the only factor related to progression from borderline to definite (OR 4.1, CI 1.8, 9.3, p<0.01).
Conclusion
This is the largest reported subclinical RHD cohort followed to report outcomes. 42% of definite RHD regressed with subtype C more likely to regress. 11% of borderline RHD progressed. Borderline A was more likely to progress and less likely to regress. We have also identified that being prescribed BPG is associated with borderline progression. This is likely because children with more advanced borderline disease may be more likely to be prescribed BPG. This study highlights that RHD evolution is variable out to 3–4 years post echo detection. While borderline disease is likely, in some cases, to reflect the earliest change of RHD, how this should be monitored and whether it should be treated with BPG should be a priority for future prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanyahumbi
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Pediatric Cardiology, Houston, United States of America
| | - G Karthikeyan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Department of Cardiology, New Delhi, India
| | - T Aliku
- Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Beaton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | | | - N Culliford-Semmens
- Starship Children's Hospital, Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D Engelman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Tropical Diseases Research Group, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Kado
- Telethon Kids Institute & College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Perth, Australia
| | - G Maguire
- University of Melbourne, Western Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Okello
- Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - D J Penny
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Pediatric Cardiology, Houston, United States of America
| | - M Remond
- University of Technology, Sydney, Faculty of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - C A Sable
- Children's National Medical Center, Pediatric Cardiology, Washington, United States of America
| | - A Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Tropical Diseases Research Group, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Wilson
- Starship Children's Hospital, Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Auckland, New Zealand
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Francis J, Fairhurst H, Kaethner A, Whalley G, Ryan C, Dos Santos J, Reeves B, Wheaton G, Horton A, Marangou J, Francis L, Hardefeldt H, Davis K, Engelman D, Remenyi B. P3133Single parasternal long axis echocardiography by briefly trained health workers using handheld devices for detection of rheumatic heart disease: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Echocardiographic screening can detect rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in high-risk populations,but is limited by reliance on highly-trained experts and equipment. We sought to determine the diagnostic utility of an ultra-abbreviated single parasternal-long-axis-sweep of the heart (SPLASH) echocardiography protocol to detect RHD, performed by briefly-trained health workers.
Methods
In Timor-Leste and Northern Australia, individuals aged 5–20y were offered school-based echocardiographic screening. Health workers completed online modules followed by one-week of practical training, logging 50 echocardiograms prior to study. The index test was SPLASH, performed and reported by health workers using handheld GE V-scan devices. The index test was abnormal if any mitral or aortic regurgitation was detected. The reference test was a comprehensive echocardiogram, performed by an echocardiographers or cardiologist on a GE Vivid-Q, reported according to World Heart Federation criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of the index test was determined.
Results
2590 subjects underwent index and reference tests. Prevalence of definite RHD was 3.2% (83/2590). Sensitivity and specificity of index test were 0.75 (95% CI 0.64–0.83) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.75–0.78) respectively for detection of any definite RHD, and 0.91 (95% CI 0.74–0.98) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.74–0.78) respectively for detection of moderate or severe RHD.
Conclusion
Health workers using SPLASH detected the vast majority of moderate and severe RHD cases, but lacked sensitivity for detection of mild RHD. Further analysis is underway to evaluate the learning curve and other performance indicators of health workers performing and interpreting echocardiograms. This will allow refinement of SPLASH protocol and augmentation of health worker training to increase detection rates and accuracy for future population screening initiatives.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Heart Foundation Australia Vanguard Grant, Menzies HOT-NORTH pilot project grant, Snow Foundation, Rotary, Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation, Mala'la
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - H Fairhurst
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - G Whalley
- University of Otago, Division of Health Sciences, Otago, New Zealand
| | - C Ryan
- Maningrida Health Centre, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - B Reeves
- Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia
| | - G Wheaton
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Horton
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - L Francis
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Darwin, Australia
| | - H Hardefeldt
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Darwin, Australia
| | - K Davis
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Darwin, Australia
| | - D Engelman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Remenyi
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
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Andreev OA, Wei D, Engelman D, Reshetnyak Y. Acidity at the Surfaces of Cancer Cells. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Thompson MJ, Engelman D, Gholam K, Fuller LC, Steer AC. Systematic review of the diagnosis of scabies in therapeutic trials. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:481-487. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Thompson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health; Western Australia Country Health Service; Kimberley Region Australia
| | - D. Engelman
- Department of Paediatrics; Centre for International Child Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Group A Streptococcal Research; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - K. Gholam
- Dermatology Department; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - L. C. Fuller
- International Foundation for Dermatology; London UK
- Department of Dermatology; Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - A. C. Steer
- Department of Paediatrics; Centre for International Child Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Group A Streptococcal Research; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
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Schuster T, Parks T, Engelman D, Ward B, Steer A. PM285 A Novel Method to Measure Adherence to Secondary Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Heart Disease – Introducing the Concordance Adherence Index. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Engelman D, Kado J, Mataika R, Ahkee M, Donath S, Parks T, Carapetis J, Steer A. OC02_10 Adherence to Secondary Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients Diagnosed Through Screening Is Inadequate for Disease Control. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Engelman D, Kado J, Remenyi B, Colquhoun S, Carapetis J, Donath S, Wilson N, Steer A. PM277 Accuracy of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease by Health Workers With Limited Training. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Kennedy E, La Vincente S, Timeon P, Tiro T, Conway N, Nasi T, Kenilorea G, Engelman D, Carapetis J, Colquhoun S. PS289 Challenges Facing Sustainability and Integration of RHD Control and Prevention Programmes in Pacific Small Island Nations. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Engelman D, Reshetnyak YK, Andreev OA. pHLIP®: Uses in Measuring Cell Surface pH, Imaging Tumors, and Delivering Therapeutics. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
Scabies remains one of the commonest of skin diseases seen in developing countries. Although its distribution is subject to a cycle of infection, with peaks and troughs of disease prevalence, this periodicity is often less obvious in poor communities. Scabies is a condition that affects families, particularly the most vulnerable; it also has the greatest impact on young children. Largely through the association with secondary bacterial infection caused by group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, the burden of disease is compounded by nephritis, rheumatic fever and sepsis in developing countries. However, with a few notable exceptions, it remains largely neglected as an important public health problem. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current position of scabies with regard to its complications and control in resource-poor countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, UK.
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Khalil A, Aponte C, Zhang R, Davisson T, Dickey I, Engelman D, Hawkins M, Mason M. Image analysis of soft-tissue in-growth and attachment into highly porous alumina ceramic foam metals. Med Eng Phys 2009; 31:775-83. [PMID: 19297233 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed quantitative characterization of soft-tissue in-growth into highly porous artificial implants is critical to understanding the biophysical processes that will lead to the best structural scaffolding construct. Previous studies have performed mechanical peel tests and mostly qualitative histological analyses of soft-tissue. The goal of this paper is to report the results obtained from applying two image analysis algorithms to quantify the morphological structure found in histological images of stained soft-tissue in-growth into alumina ceramic foam metal implants using a canine model. Three different pore sizes were used and three different post-operative time points were considered. Using the 2D Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method and 2D Fourier Transform analysis, a strong anisotropic signature (directional preference) is detected in early (4-week) histological samples. The direction of preference is towards the center of the implants. The strength of the anisotropy at later time points (8 and 16 weeks) becomes gradually weaker. Our interpretation is that after a short period of time, the main tissue growth activity has been concentrated on filling the artificial implant by growing towards its center. The weaker anisotropic signature found at later time points is interpreted as the tissue growth activity strengthening its structure by growing in more random directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khalil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Stanley B, Engelman D. Isolation and Identification of Membrane Protein Oligomers from the E. coli Inner Membrane. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.lb76-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Stanley
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and BiochemistryYale UniversityP.O. BOX 208114New HavenCT06520
| | - Donald Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and BiochemistryYale UniversityP.O. BOX 208114New HavenCT06520
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Alexandrov V, Lehnert U, Echols N, Milburn D, Engelman D, Gerstein M. Normal modes for predicting protein motions: a comprehensive database assessment and associated Web tool. Protein Sci 2005; 14:633-43. [PMID: 15722444 PMCID: PMC2279292 DOI: 10.1110/ps.04882105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We carry out an extensive statistical study of the applicability of normal modes to the prediction of mobile regions in proteins. In particular, we assess the degree to which the observed motions found in a comprehensive data set of 377 nonredundant motions can be modeled by a single normal-mode vibration. We describe each motion in our data set by vectors connecting corresponding atoms in two crystallographically known conformations. We then measure the geometric overlap of these motion vectors with the displacement vectors of the lowest-frequency mode, for one of the conformations. Our study suggests that the lowest mode contains useful information about the parts of a protein that move most (i.e., have the largest amplitudes) and about the direction of this movement. Based on our findings, we developed a Web tool for motion prediction (available from http://molmovdb.org/nma) and apply it here to four representative motions--from bacteriorhodopsin, calmodulin, insulin, and T7 RNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Alexandrov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, 266 Whitney Avenue, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Munshi IA, Engelman D. The image of trauma. Thoracic aortic transection secondary to blunt trauma. J Trauma 2000; 48:985. [PMID: 10823551 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200005000-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I A Munshi
- Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199, USA.
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Maulik N, Watanabe M, Engelman D, Engelman RM, Kagan VE, Kisin E, Tyurin V, Cordis GA, Das DK. Myocardial adaptation to ischemia by oxidative stress induced by endotoxin. Am J Physiol 1995; 269:C907-16. [PMID: 7485460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.4.c907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of oxidative stress adaptation on myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury. Oxidative stress was induced by injecting endotoxin (0.5 mg/kg) into the rat. After 24 h, rats were killed, hearts were isolated, and the effects of ischemia-reperfusion were studied using an isolated working heart preparation. The development of oxidative stress was examined by assessing malonaldehyde production in the heart. The antioxidant defense system was studied by estimating antioxidant enzyme activities and ascorbate- as well as thiol-dependent antioxidant reserve. The results of our study indicated that endotoxin induced oxidative stress within 1 h of treatment; the stress was reduced progressively and steadily up to 24 h. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and GSH reductase were lowered up to 2 h and then increased. Both thiol- and ascorbate-dependent antioxidant reserve were enhanced, but the enhancement of the former was only transitory. After 24 h, endotoxin provided adequate protection to the heart from the ischemic-reperfusion injury, as evidenced by improved left ventricular function and aortic flow. Our results suggest that the induction of oxidative stress by endotoxin-induced adaptive modification of the antioxidant defense in the heart, thereby reducing ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maulik
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06030, USA
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Trewhella J, Anderson S, Fox R, Gogol E, Khan S, Engelman D, Zaccai G. Assignment of segments of the bacteriorhodopsin sequence to positions in the structural map. Biophys J 1983; 42:233-41. [PMID: 6871370 PMCID: PMC1329232 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(83)84391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific amino acid sequence segments have been assigned to locations in the structural map of bacteriorhodopsin using two-dimensional neutron diffraction data and a model building analysis. Models are constructed computationally by building specific regions of the amino acid sequence as alpha helices and then positioning the helices on axes indicated by the density map of Henderson and Unwin (Nature [Lond.]. 1975, 257:28-32). Neutron diffraction data were collected from samples of stacked, oriented "native" purple membranes as well as purple membranes containing different kinds of deuterated amino acids. Models differing in the assignments of helices to specific axes and in rotations of the helices about those axes were tested against the neutron data using a weighted residual factor to rank the models. This residual factor was calculated between observed and predicted intensity differences for pairs of data sets. Using this approach, a small set of related models has been found that predicts the observed intensity changes between five independent data sets. These models are inconsistent with the proposed locations of the retinal chromophore and the carboxyl terminus and with any of the previously proposed models for bacteriorhodopsin.
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Yeager M, Schoenborn B, Engelman D, Moore P, Stryer L. Neutron diffraction analysis of the structure of rod photoreceptor membranes in intact retinas. J Mol Biol 1980; 137:315-48. [PMID: 6973637 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Steitz TA, Richmond TJ, Wise D, Engelman D. The lac repressor protein: molecular shape, subunit structure, and proposed model for operator interaction based on structural studies of microcrystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:593-7. [PMID: 4595565 PMCID: PMC388057 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopic and powder x-ray diffraction studies of small crystals of the lac repressor protein provide evidence on its molecular shape and subunit structure which in turn suggests a possible mode of repressor-operator interaction. The crystals are probably orthorhombic space group P222(1) with unit cell dimensions of a = 140, b = 91, c = 117 A. This tetrameric protein appears rather asymmetric, having approximate molecular dimensions of 140 A by 60 A by 45 A. The dumbbell shape of the projected molecular outline observed in the electron micrographs can be explained by assuming that the subunits are related by 222 symmetry and are placed at the corners of a plane rectangle. We propose a model for repressor-operator interaction in which the DNA binds to the repressor with its long axis aligned with that of the repressor and with its 2-fold axis coincident with a twofold axis of the repressor.
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