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Cangioli L, Salobehaj M, Del Duca S, Fagorzi C, Berardi C, Coppini E, Fibbi D, Fani R, Vassallo A. Effect of Wastewater on the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of Phragmites australis Used in Constructed Wetlands for Phytodepuration. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3210. [PMID: 36501250 PMCID: PMC9739656 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytodepuration occurs in the plant-mediated remediation processes exploited to remove pollutants from wastewater, and Phragmites australis is one of the most used plants. This goal is achieved using constructed wetlands (CW), which are engineered systems designed to mimic the natural processes of pollutants removal. The aim of this work was to characterize the bacterial communities associated to P. australis, soils, and permeates of the CW of Calice (Prato, Italy), to evaluate the possible effect of wastewaters on the CW bacterial communities, through a next-generation sequencing-based approach. A total of 122 samples were collected from different tissues of P. australis (i.e., roots, aerial parts, and stem), soil (i.e., rhizospheric and bulk soil), and permeates, and analyzed. All samples were collected during five sampling campaigns, with the first one performed before the activation of the plant. Obtained results highlighted a specific microbiota of P. australis, conserved among the different plant tissues and during time, showing a lower alpha diversity than the other samples and not influenced by the more complex and variable environmental (soils and permeates) bacterial communities. These data suggest that P. australis is able to select and maintain a defined microbiota, a capacity that could allow the plant to survive in hostile environments, such as that of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cangioli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Salobehaj
- Center for Magnetic Resonance (CERM), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Del Duca
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Chiara Berardi
- Gestione Impianti di Depurazione Acque (G.I.D.A.) SpA, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Ester Coppini
- Gestione Impianti di Depurazione Acque (G.I.D.A.) SpA, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Donatella Fibbi
- Gestione Impianti di Depurazione Acque (G.I.D.A.) SpA, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alberto Vassallo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Delfino V, Calonico C, Nostro AL, Castronovo LM, Duca SD, Chioccioli S, Coppini E, Fibbi D, Vassallo A, Fani R. Antibacterial activity of bacteria isolated from Phragmites australis against multidrug-resistant human pathogens. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:291-303. [PMID: 33709774 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rising number of multidrug-resistant human pathogens demands novel antibiotics: to this aim, unexplored natural sources are investigated to find new compounds. In this context, bacteria associated to medicinal plants, including Phragmites australis, might represent an important source of antimicrobial compounds. Materials & methods: In the present work, 21 bacterial endophytes isolated from P. australis roots were tested, by cross-streaking, for their inhibitory activity against 36 multidrug-resistant pathogens isolated from food, clinical patients and hospitals. Results & conclusion: Seven endophytes, belonging to Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas, were able to inhibit the growth of most of the target strains. In conclusion, this preliminary work could pave the way for the discovery of new antibiotics against superbugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Delfino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Carmela Calonico
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Antonella Lo Nostro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Lara Mitia Castronovo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Sara Del Duca
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Sofia Chioccioli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Ester Coppini
- G.I.D.A. SpA, Via Baciacavallo 36, Prato, 59100, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Vassallo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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Bianchi E, Coppi A, Nucci S, Antal A, Berardi C, Coppini E, Fibbi D, Del Bubba M, Gonnelli C, Colzi I. Closing the loop in a constructed wetland for the improvement of metal removal: the use of Phragmites australis biomass harvested from the system as biosorbent. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:11444-11453. [PMID: 33123886 PMCID: PMC7886761 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the numerous clean-up techniques for water treatment, sorption methods are widely used for the removal of trace metals. Phragmites australis is a macrophyte commonly used in constructed wetlands for water purification, and in the last decades, its use as biosorbent has attracted increasing attention. In view of a circularly economy approach, this study investigated improvement of trace metal removal by recycling the biomass of P. australis colonizing a constructed wetland, which operates as post-treatment of effluent wastewater from an activated sludge plant serving the textile industrial district of Prato (Italy). After the annual mowing of the reed plants, the biomass was dried and blended to derive a sustainable and eco-friendly biosorbent and its sorption capacity for Fe, Cu, and Zn was investigated comparing the batch system with the easier-to-handle column technique. The possibility of regeneration and reuse of the biosorbent was also evaluated. The biomaterial showed an interesting sorption capacity for Cu, Fe, and Zn, both in batch and in column experiments, especially for Fe ions. The immobilization of the biosorbent in column filters induced some improvement in the removal efficiency, and, in addition, this operation mode has the advantage of being much more suitable for practical applications than the batch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Nucci
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Berardi
- GIDA S.p.A., via di Baciacavallo, 36, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Ester Coppini
- GIDA S.p.A., via di Baciacavallo, 36, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy.
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Renai L, Tozzi F, Scordo CV, Giordani E, Bruzzoniti MC, Fibbi D, Mandi L, Ouazzani N, Del Bubba M. Productivity and nutritional and nutraceutical value of strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivated under irrigation with treated wastewaters. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1239-1246. [PMID: 32790076 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture represents a productive sector typically characterized by a high water demand, whereas freshwater (FW) availability is a problem of increasing concern in the world and FW resources are becoming insufficient for sustaining agricultural irrigation. The reuse of treated wastewaters (TWWs) for crop irrigation could be an efficient tool for reducing water shortage. Hence, the present study evaluated the food quality of Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa) fruits irrigated with four types of treated wastewaters (TWWs). Strawberries were analysed for yield, sucrose, fructose, glucose, total soluble polyphenols (TSP), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), and antiradical and antioxidant capacity. In addition, a targeted quantification of the most representative phenolic compounds of strawberry was performed. RESULTS TWWs complied the Italian ministerial decree 185/2003 for wastewater reuse, with very few exceptions, mainly represented by chloride concentrations (258-643 mg L-1 versus a legal threshold of 250 mg L-1 ). The reuse of TWWs reduced fruit yield (10-26%) compared to irrigation with tap water as a control. Irrigation with TWWs gave also rise to the decrease of total sugars (14-26%), TSP (2-10%) and TMA (29-49%). Individual phenolic acids, flavonols and flavanols were quite stable in response to the irrigation with TWWs, whereas anthocyanidins decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Although TWWs negatively affected fruit quality, the nutritional and nutraceutical parameters determined in the present study were in line with data previously reported for strawberries purchased in the market or cultivated in research orchards, thus suggesting that the use of TWWs does not prevent the fruit marketability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Tozzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Edgardo Giordani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Laila Mandi
- National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Bianchi E, Biancalani A, Berardi C, Antal A, Fibbi D, Coppi A, Lastrucci L, Bussotti N, Colzi I, Renai L, Scordo C, Del Bubba M, Gonnelli C. Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants: Bio-removal of heavy-metals and pharmaceuticals by Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta. Sci Total Environ 2020; 746:141219. [PMID: 32768785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the removal of Fe(III), Cr(VI), Al(III), diclofenac, and levofloxacin from treated wastewater in the presence of the free-floating plants Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta, to understand whether these species can be effectively used in a surface flow constructed wetland as wastewater refining treatment. Fe and Al were selected owing to their wide use as coagulant agents in wastewater treatment plants for promoting clariflocculation processes, whilst Cr was chosen due to its common use in industry. Diclofenac and levofloxacin, two molecules belonging to the most widely used pharmaceutical classes in the world, were studied as representative anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, respectively. The study was performed at laboratory scale, exposing the plants separately to each individual contaminant at the concentrations of 5 mg L-1 for the metals (i.e. 2.5-5 times higher than the European limits concerning discharge into surface water), and 1 μg L-1 for the pharmaceuticals (concentration levels commonly found in wastewater). Depending on the plant species and contaminant tested, the range of different effects observed included low toxicity (i.e. Cr, Fe and diclofenac in L. minuta) and even a stimulatory effect on plant growth (i.e. for A. filiculoides with Al and for L. minuta with Al and levofloxacin). Moreover, both species proved to be very effective in the removal of Fe, Al and levofloxacin, with A. filiculoides showing the best performance (removal efficiency of 92%, 96%, and 60%, respectively), whereas for Cr and diclofenac the removal was always less than 10%. The higher removal capacity of A. filiculoides compared to L. minuta can be attributed to its superior tolerance of the contaminants, probably in turn related to the presence of nitrogen-fixing microorganism in its fronds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Biancalani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Berardi
- GIDA S.p.A., via di Baciacavallo, 36, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lastrucci
- Natural History Museum, Botany, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bussotti
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Scordo
- Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Vassallo A, Miceli E, Fagorzi C, Castronovo LM, Del Duca S, Chioccioli S, Venditto S, Coppini E, Fibbi D, Fani R. Temporal Evolution of Bacterial Endophytes Associated to the Roots of Phragmites australis Exploited in Phytodepuration of Wastewater. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1652. [PMID: 32903322 PMCID: PMC7380131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of industrial productions through more environment-friendly processes is a hot topic. In particular, land and marine environment pollution is a main concern, considering that recalcitrant compounds can be spread and persist for a long time. In this context, an efficient and cost-effective treatment of wastewater derived from industrial applications is crucial. Phytodepuration has been considered as a possible solution and it is based on the use of plants and their associated microorganisms to remove and/or transform pollutants. In this work we investigated the culturable microbiota of Phragmites australis roots, sampled from the constructed wetlands (CWs) pilot plant in the G.I.D.A. SpA wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Calice (Prato, Tuscany, Italy) before and after the CW activation in order to check how the influx of wastewater might affect the resident bacterial community. P. australis specimens were sampled and a panel of 294 culturable bacteria were isolated and characterized. This allowed to identify the dynamics of the microbiota composition triggered by the presence of wastewater. 27 out of 37 bacterial genera detected were exclusively associated to wastewater, and Pseudomonas was constantly the most represented genus. Moreover, isolates were assayed for their resistance against eight different antibiotics and synthetic wastewater (SWW). Data obtained revealed the presence of resistant phenotypes, including multi-drug resistant bacteria, and a general trend regarding the temporal evolution of resistance patterns: indeed, a direct correlation linking the appearance of antibiotic- and SWW-resistance with the time of exposure to wastewater was observed. In particular, nine isolates showed an interesting behavior since their growth was positively affected by the highest concentrations of SWW. Noteworthy, this study is among the few investigating the P. australis microbiota prior to the plant activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vassallo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisangela Miceli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Sara Del Duca
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sofia Chioccioli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Venditto
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Scordo CVA, Checchini L, Renai L, Orlandini S, Bruzzoniti MC, Fibbi D, Mandi L, Ouazzani N, Del Bubba M. Optimization and validation of a method based on QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric analysis for the determination of perfluoroalkyl acids in strawberry and olive fruits, as model crops with different matrix characteristics. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Del Bubba M, Anichini B, Bakari Z, Bruzzoniti MC, Camisa R, Caprini C, Checchini L, Fibbi D, El Ghadraoui A, Liguori F, Orlandini S. Physicochemical properties and sorption capacities of sawdust-based biochars and commercial activated carbons towards ethoxylated alkylphenols and their phenolic metabolites in effluent wastewater from a textile district. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:135217. [PMID: 31810702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three biochars were produced using sawdust from waste biomass, via a simple pyrolysis thermal conversion at 450, 650, and 850 °C (BC450, BC650, and BC850), without any activation process. These materials, together with vegetal and mineral commercial activated carbons (VAC and MAC), were characterized for their elemental composition, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, t-plot microporosity and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda mesoporosity. Moreover, iodine, phenol and methylene blue porosity indexes were measured. The materials were also evaluated for their pH of the point of zero charge, as well as near-surface chemical composition and surface functionality by means of X-ray photoelectron and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Ash content, water-extractable metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also determined. BC650 showed a much higher surface area (319 m2 g-1) compared to BC450 (102 m2 g-1), as well as an increase in aromatization and the residual presence of functional polar groups. BC850 exhibited a loss of polar and aromatic groups, with the dominance of graphitic carbon and the highest value of surface area (419 m2 g-1). Biochars comply with the EN 12915-1/2009 limits for metal and PAH release in water treatment. Biochars and MAC were tested using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for the sorption in real effluent wastewater of a mixture of 14 branched ethoxylated 4-t-octyl and 4-nonylphenols, as well as 4-t-octyl and 4-nonylphenol, the latter representing persistent, endocrine disrupting contaminants, widespread in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants and listed as priority/priority hazardous substances in the Directive 2013/39/EU. Biochars showed a lower sorption efficiency compared to MAC. The best performance was found for BC650 towards the alkylphenols (9-13 times less efficient than the MAC). Considering the lower market price of biochar compared to MAC (estimated as at least 16 times less expensive by a small market survey), the former can be considered more competitive than the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Zaineb Bakari
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; National Engineering School of Sfax, Route de la Soukra km 4 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Claudia Caprini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Checchini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ayoub El Ghadraoui
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Liguori
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Muoio R, Palli L, Ducci I, Coppini E, Bettazzi E, Daddi D, Fibbi D, Gori R. Optimization of a large industrial wastewater treatment plant using a modeling approach: A case study. J Environ Manage 2019; 249:109436. [PMID: 31454637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to find the optimum solid retention time (SRT) of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), which minimizes operating costs, using a modeling approach with WEST software by MIKE DHI®. For the determination of the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters (used for the correct calibration of the model implemented), respirometric and kinetic batch tests were carried out. Each Oxidation ditch was modeled by a sequence of four aerated activated sludge units (ASUs) and four anoxic ASUs with recirculation. The model is able to simulate the separation efficiency of the secondary settler, which is generally quite low: in fact, the industrial origin of the wastewater induces the formation of small flocs, the dimensions of which can be further reduced by the presence of surface aerators. The nitrification/denitrification process is also accurately predicted. Using data obtained from the model, mass balances at the steady state for COD and N were made and compared to the ones obtained using measured data. After calibration and validation of the model, steady-state simulations were carried out by increasing and decreasing the SRT of the system under two different operational conditions used by the managing company and by evaluating the costs related to the water treatment line and the sludge treatment line for each scenario. It is interesting to note how the total costs are lower in summer than in winter (7.2 €cent/m3 in summer and 8.7 €cent/m3 in winter, in scenario 0). In general, the increase in the SRT led to a decrease in the total management costs. In fact, differences between scenario 0 and the scenario with the lowest total treatment costs (corresponding to an SRT of 11.4 d in winter and 10.0 d in summer) could give rise to total savings of about 44·000€/year in summer and 93·000€/year in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Muoio
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Palli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Iacopo Ducci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy
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10
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Chiellini C, Miceli E, Bacci G, Fagorzi C, Coppini E, Fibbi D, Bianconi G, Mengoni A, Canganella F, Fani R. Spatial structuring of bacterial communities in epilithic biofilms in the Acquarossa river (Italy). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5094556. [PMID: 30202963 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilithic river biofilms characterize the rock surfaces along the Acquarossa river (Viterbo, Italy); they are in part red and in part black colored, maintaining a well-defined borderline. This peculiarity has raised questions about the biotic and abiotic phenomena that might avoid the mixing of the two biofilms. In this study, the structuring of bacterial communities in black and red epilithic biofilm in the Acquarossa river has been investigated with both culture dependent and independent approaches. Data obtained highlighted a (very) different taxonomic composition of black and red epilithons bacterial communities, dominated by Acinetobacter sp. and iron-oxidizing bacteria, respectively. The chemical characterization of both river water and biofilms revealed a substantial heavy metals pollution of the environment; heavy metals were also differentially accumulated in red and black epilithons. Overall, our data revealed that the structuring of red and black epilithons might be affected mainly by the antagonistic interactions exhibited by bacterial genera dominating the two biofilms. These findings suggest that biotic factors might be responsible for the structuring of natural bacterial communities, suggesting that there is a selection of populations at very small scale, and that different populations might compete for different niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Chiellini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Elisangela Miceli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ester Coppini
- G.I.D.A. S.p.A., Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato (PO), Italy
| | - Donatella Fibbi
- G.I.D.A. S.p.A., Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato (PO), Italy
| | - Giovanna Bianconi
- Department of Biological, Agrofood and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, I-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Francesco Canganella
- Department of Biological, Agrofood and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, I-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Berardi C, Fibbi D, Coppini E, Renai L, Caprini C, Scordo CVA, Checchini L, Orlandini S, Bruzzoniti MC, Del Bubba M. Removal efficiency and mass balance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, ethoxylated alkylphenols and alkylphenols in a mixed textile-domestic wastewater treatment plant. Sci Total Environ 2019; 674:36-48. [PMID: 31003086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work the occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), mono and diethoxylate alkylphenols (AP1-2EOs) and alkylphenols (APs) have been investigated during a two-weeks period in a facility treating mixed textile-domestic wastewater (Prato, Italy). The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) consists of primary sedimentation, activated sludge biological oxidation, secondary sedimentation, clariflocculation and ozonation. The sludge is treated within the facility by thickening, dewatering and final incineration, thus providing the almost quantitative removal of the adsorbed micropollutants. Naphthalene (50%), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (74%) and branched 4-nonylphenols (59%) were the individual main representative compounds of each class in the influent wastewater, which showed concentration ranges of 5.6-66, 85-290 and 21-133μg/L for PAHs, PAEs and APs+AP1-2EOs, respectively. The WWTP efficiently removed PAHs, PAEs and APs+AP1-2EOs, providing effluent concentrations of 0.075-0.16ng/L 0.38-9.9μg/L and 0.53-1.4μg/L. All targeted priority and priority-hazardous micropollutants showed effluent concentrations in line with the European environmental quality standards (EQS), even though for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and benzo(a)pyrene after correction for the dilution factor of the recipient. The WWTP performance was evaluated by mass balance, verifying its accuracy by monitoring Pb and Cd as conservative species. The biological treatment sections provided mass losses of 85.5%, 74.5% and 56.8% for APs+AP1-2EOs, PAEs and PAHs, highlighting efficient biotransformation performances of the activated sludge process. However, for the more volatile PAHs (e.g. naphthalene), a significant contribution of stripping cannot be excluded. A remarkable mass loss was also determined in the ozonation stage for PAEs (72.9%) and especially PAHs (97.0%), whereas a lower efficiency was observed for APs+AP1-2EOs (41.3%). The whole plant allowed for obtaining an almost quantitative removal (96.7-98.4%) for all targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Berardi
- GIDA S.p.A., Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy.
| | | | - Ester Coppini
- GIDA S.p.A., Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy.
| | - Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudia Caprini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Leonardo Checchini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Coppini E, Palli L, Antal A, Del Bubba M, Miceli E, Fani R, Fibbi D. Design and start-up of a constructed wetland as tertiary treatment for landfill leachates. Water Sci Technol 2019; 79:145-155. [PMID: 30816871 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the design and start-up of a constructed wetland (CW) for the tertiary treatment of landfill leachates is presented. The flux is characterized by high salinity, high concentration of nitrogen (almost completely in the form of nitrate) and a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio close to zero. The CW pilot plant suffered from mechanical and hydraulic malfunctions which led to an uneven growth of plants inside the tanks. Despite this, COD has been reduced in the range of 0-30%, reduced forms of N (ammonia and nitrite) are also oxidized and removed by 50-80% and 20-26% on average. Considering the low number of plants and the loading rate, CW pilot plant allowed to remove more than 16 kg of COD, leading to a specific removal of 10 gCOD/d · m2. Moreover, bacterial communities associated to plants were isolated and analyzed in order to evaluate the influence of such communities on phytoremediation. Bulk soil registered the lowest bacterial titers, while plant compartments and rhizospheric soil showed to be more suitable for bacterial colonization. Twenty-five different bacterial genera were observed among the analyzed isolates, with the predominance of Pseudomonas genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Palli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy E-mail:
| | - Alexandra Antal
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisangela Miceli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Coppini E, Palli L, Fibbi D, Gori R. Long-Term Performance of a Full-Scale Membrane Plant for Landfill Leachate Pretreatment: A Case Study. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 8:E52. [PMID: 30071676 PMCID: PMC6160986 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a case study describing a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the pretreatment of landfill leachates. The treatment train includes an aerated equalization tank, a denitrification tank, an oxidation/nitrification tank, and two ultrafiltration units. The plant has worked continuously since 2008 treating landfill leachates at a flux of 2⁻11 L·h-1·m-2. The old train of membranes worked in these conditions for more than seven years prior to being damaged and replaced. The permeability (K) of the membrane varied between 30 and 80 L·h-1·m-2·bar-1 during the years of operation. In 2010, after two years of operation, the oxidation/nitrification tank was changed to work in alternate cycles of aerated and anoxic conditions, in order to improve the denitrification process. The MBR, working at a mean sludge retention time of 144 days and with mixed liquor suspended solids of 17 g/L, achieved high removal rates of conventional contaminants, with more than 98% for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 96% for ammonium, and 75% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). From the COD balance, half the COD entering was determined to be biologically oxidized into carbon dioxide, while another 24% remains in the sludge. In order to obtain these results, the company used 5.2 KWh·m-3, while spending 0.79 €·m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Coppini
- Gestione Impianti Depurazione Acque SpA, via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy.
| | - Laura Palli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Donatella Fibbi
- Gestione Impianti Depurazione Acque SpA, via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Ciofi L, Renai L, Rossini D, Ancillotti C, Falai A, Fibbi D, Bruzzoniti MC, Santana-Rodriguez JJ, Orlandini S, Del Bubba M. Applicability of the direct injection liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analytical approach to the sub-ng L−1 determination of perfluoro-alkyl acids in waste, surface, ground and drinking water samples. Talanta 2018; 176:412-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lombardi L, Nocita C, Bettazzi E, Fibbi D, Carnevale E. Environmental comparison of alternative treatments for sewage sludge: An Italian case study. Waste Manag 2017; 69:365-376. [PMID: 28865907 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to compare different alternatives for sewage sludge treatment: such as land spreading, composting, incineration, landfill and wet oxidation. The LCA system boundaries include mechanical dewatering, the alternative treatment, transport, and final disposal/recovery of residues. Cases of recovered materials produced as outputs from the systems, were resolved by expanding the system boundaries to include avoided primary productions. The impact assessment was calculated using the CML-IA baseline method. Results showed that the incineration of sewage sludge with electricity production and solid residues recovery collects the lowest impact indicator values in the categories human toxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication, while it has the highest values for the categories global warming and ozone layer depletion. Land spreading has the lowest values for the categories abiotic depletion, fossil fuel depletion, global warming, ozone layer depletion and photochemical oxidation, while it collects the highest values for terrestrial ecotoxicity and eutrophication. Wet oxidation has just one of the best indicators (terrestrial ecotoxicity) and three of the worst ones (abiotic depletion, human toxicity and fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity). Composting process shows intermediate results. Landfill has the worst performances in global warming, photochemical oxidation and acidification. Results indicate that if the aim is to reduce the effect of the common practice of sludge land spreading on human and ecosystem toxicity, on acidification and on eutrophication, incineration with energy recovery would clearly improve the environmental performance of those indicators, but an increase in resource depletion and global warming is unavoidable. However, these conclusions are strictly linked to the effective recovery of solid residues from incineration, as the results are shown to be very sensitive with respect to this assumption. Similarly, the quality of the wet oxidation process residues plays an important role in defining the impact of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Lombardi
- Niccolò Cusano University, via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nocita
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Bettazzi
- G.I.D.A. S.p.A, Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Carnevale
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
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Del Bubba M, Ancillotti C, Checchini L, Fibbi D, Rossini D, Ciofi L, Rivoira L, Profeti C, Orlandini S, Furlanetto S. Determination of phthalate diesters and monoesters in human milk and infant formula by fat extraction, size-exclusion chromatography clean-up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 148:6-16. [PMID: 28946042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five phthalate diesters and corresponding monoesters in human milk samples and infant formulas. The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction with a CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NaCl 30% 2/1/0.5 (v/v/v) mixture, the clean-up of the extract by size-exclusion chromatography (swelling and elution solvent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 9/1v/v), the derivatization of monoesters by trimethylsilyl-diazomethane and instrumental analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Recovery was in the range of 83-115% and precision was found between 9% and 21%. For phthalate diesters, method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from hundreds of ng/kg to 4.2μg/kg on a fresh weight milk (f.w.) basis, depending on blank contribution evaluated in matrix. Lower MDLs (0.03-0.8μg/kg f.w.) were achieved for corresponding monoesters. The proposed method was applied to the determination of target compounds in nine human milk samples and four infant formulas, confirming their presence in all samples. However, a generally higher contamination was assessed in artificial milk than in breast milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudia Ancillotti
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Checchini
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Donatella Fibbi
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Rossini
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ciofi
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Rivoira
- Department of Chemistry University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Profeti
- Banca del Latte Umano Donato di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Lombardi L, Nocita C, Bettazzi E, Fibbi D, Carnevale E. Environmental comparison of alternative treatments for sewage sludge: An Italian case study. Waste Manag 2017. [PMID: 28865907 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.040.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to compare different alternatives for sewage sludge treatment: such as land spreading, composting, incineration, landfill and wet oxidation. The LCA system boundaries include mechanical dewatering, the alternative treatment, transport, and final disposal/recovery of residues. Cases of recovered materials produced as outputs from the systems, were resolved by expanding the system boundaries to include avoided primary productions. The impact assessment was calculated using the CML-IA baseline method. Results showed that the incineration of sewage sludge with electricity production and solid residues recovery collects the lowest impact indicator values in the categories human toxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication, while it has the highest values for the categories global warming and ozone layer depletion. Land spreading has the lowest values for the categories abiotic depletion, fossil fuel depletion, global warming, ozone layer depletion and photochemical oxidation, while it collects the highest values for terrestrial ecotoxicity and eutrophication. Wet oxidation has just one of the best indicators (terrestrial ecotoxicity) and three of the worst ones (abiotic depletion, human toxicity and fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity). Composting process shows intermediate results. Landfill has the worst performances in global warming, photochemical oxidation and acidification. Results indicate that if the aim is to reduce the effect of the common practice of sludge land spreading on human and ecosystem toxicity, on acidification and on eutrophication, incineration with energy recovery would clearly improve the environmental performance of those indicators, but an increase in resource depletion and global warming is unavoidable. However, these conclusions are strictly linked to the effective recovery of solid residues from incineration, as the results are shown to be very sensitive with respect to this assumption. Similarly, the quality of the wet oxidation process residues plays an important role in defining the impact of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Lombardi
- Niccolò Cusano University, via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nocita
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Bettazzi
- G.I.D.A. S.p.A, Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Carnevale
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
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Rossini D, Ciofi L, Ancillotti C, Checchini L, Bruzzoniti M, Rivoira L, Fibbi D, Orlandini S, Del Bubba M. Innovative combination of QuEChERS extraction with on-line solid-phase extract purification and pre-concentration, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their metabolites in sewage sludge. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:269-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Coppini E, Fibbi D, Katsoyiannis A. Nanotechnologies for Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Water and Wastewater. A Review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:3333-3347. [PMID: 26504950 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other hazardous substances in surface waters and drinking water and the long-term exposure may represent a potential risk for both the environment and human health. Many studies have evidenced that conventional technologies used for wastewater treatment do not completely remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) residues, which can be detected in receiving waters at concentrations ranging from few ng L(-1) until more than μg L(-1). Nanomaterials are of fundamental importance in the current research efforts to develop more efficient water treatment and remediation systems in place of conventional technologies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant works available in literature reporting the use of nanosorbents (nanotubes and zeolites), nanofiltration (NF) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of PPCPs compounds from water and wastewater. The literature review of laboratory- and pilot-scale studies have shown that nanomaterials are promising tools in environmental cleaning processes and water purification, even if more researches are necessary.
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20
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Del Bubba M, Ancillotti C, Checchini L, Ciofi L, Fibbi D, Gonnelli C, Mosti S. Chromium accumulation and changes in plant growth, selected phenolics and sugars of wild type and genetically modified Nicotiana langsdorffii. J Hazard Mater 2013; 262:394-403. [PMID: 24061217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chromium accumulation, dry weight (DW) biomass yield, water content and concentrations of some selected phenolic compounds and carbohydrates were determined in root and shoot of Nicotiana langsdorffii, either wild type (WT) or genetically modified by the insertion of GR and rolC genes, in response to the presence of Cr(VI) in the growth medium. A biomass decrease was observed for WT plants, but not for GR and rolC transformations, in response to Cr(VI) in the growth medium, highlighting a stress situation only in WT line. Shoot chromium concentrations were in all cases about 300 mg kg(-1) DW. In root higher concentrations were found in rolC than in GR and WT (3843, 2600 and 2751 mg kg(-1) DW, respectively). Based on the DW biomass, GR and WT accumulated higher chromium quantities than rolC, both in root (330 and 424 versus 85 μg Cr per plant) and shoot (282 and 275 versus 121 μg Cr per plant). Therefore, GR should be preferred to WT as a promising candidate for chromium phytoremediation. Metabolic shifts of sugars and phenolics were generally observed in response to either gene insertions or exposure to Cr(VI), being the latter more related to the resistance to Cr(VI) than the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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Ciofi L, Fibbi D, Chiuminatto U, Coppini E, Checchini L, Del Bubba M. Fully-automated on-line solid phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric analysis at sub-ng/L levels of selected estrogens in surface water and wastewater. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1283:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Del Bubba M, Checchini L, Chiuminatto U, Doumett S, Fibbi D, Giordani E. Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric study of polyphenolic composition of four cultivars of Fragaria vesca L. berries and their comparative evaluation. J Mass Spectrom 2012; 47:1207-1220. [PMID: 22972789 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion spray mass spectrometry in the tandem mode with both negative and positive ionization was used for investigating a variety of polyphenolic compounds in four genotypes of Fragaria vesca berries. About 60 phenolic compounds belonging to the compound classes of phenolic acids, ellagitannins, ellagic acid derivatives, flavonols, monomeric and oligomeric flavanols, dihydrochalcones and anthocyanins were reported, providing for the first time a quite complete picture of polyphenolic composition of F. vesca berries. Some of the polyphenols herein investigated, such as a tris-galloyl-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-hexose, two castalagin/vescalagin-like isomers and peonidin-malonylglucoside, were described for the first time. Principal component analysis applied on original HPLC-MS/MS data, acquired in multiple reaction monitoring mode, successfully discriminated the four investigated cultivars on the basis of their polyphenolic composition, highlighting the fundamental role of mass spectrometry for food characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia, 3-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Fibbi D, Doumett S, Lepri L, Checchini L, Gonnelli C, Coppini E, Del Bubba M. Distribution and mass balance of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in a subsurface, horizontal flow (SF-h) constructed wetland operating as post-treatment of textile wastewater for water reuse. J Hazard Mater 2012; 199-200:209-216. [PMID: 22104764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, during a two-year period, we investigated the fate of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in a full-scale subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland planted with Phragmites australis. The reed bed operated as post-treatment of the effluent wastewater from an activated sludge plant serving the textile industrial district and the city of Prato (Italy). Chromium speciation was performed in influent and effluent wastewater and in water-suspended solids, at different depths and distances from the inlet; plants were also analyzed for total chromium along the same longitudinal profile. Removals of hexavalent and trivalent chromium equal to 72% and 26%, respectively were achieved. The mean hexavalent chromium outlet concentration was 1.6 ± 0.9 μg l(-1) and complied with the Italian legal limits for water reuse. Chromium in water-suspended solids was in the trivalent form, thus indicating that its removal from wastewater was obtained by the reduction of hexavalent chromium to the trivalent form, followed by accumulation of the latter inside the reed bed. Chromium in water-suspended solids was significantly affected by the distance from the inlet. Chromium concentrations in the different plant organs followed the same trend of suspended solids along the longitudinal profile and were much lower than those found in the solid material, evidencing a low metal accumulation in P. australis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Fibbi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Doumett S, Fibbi D, Cincinelli A, Giordani E, Nin S, Del Bubba M. Comparison of nutritional and nutraceutical properties in cultivated fruits of Fragaria vesca L. produced in Italy. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Doumett S, Fibbi D, Azzarello E, Mancuso S, Mugnai S, Petruzzelli G, Del Bubba M. Influence of the application renewal of glutamate and tartrate on Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn distribution between contaminated soil and Paulownia tomentosa in a pilot-scale assisted phytoremediation study. Int J Phytoremediation 2011; 13:1-17. [PMID: 21598764 DOI: 10.1080/15226510903567455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of repeated applications of tartrate (TAR) and glutamate (GLU) at 50-mmol kg(-1) of soil on Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn distribution between a contaminated soil and Paulownia tomentosa was investigated. TAR and GLU were applied by a single or a double dosage, the latter carried out with an interval between the two applications of thirty days. The comparison of the differences in mean amounts of metals accumulated in the whole plant at the end of single and double TAR and GLU application experiments indicated the positive effect of repeated GLU applications on the accumulation of Cu, Pb, and Zn by Paulownia tomentosa as compared to untreated controls. A similar effect was not observed for the TAR treatments. When soil treated with either TAR or GLU was compared with untreated controls, no significant effect on heavy-metal concentrations in the soil solution was observed 30 days after treatment, suggesting the absence of an increase of the long-term leaching risk of heavy metals in aquifers and surface waters due to the ligand application. A cost analysis of the treatment is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Doumett
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Fibbi D, Doumett S, Colzi I, Coppini E, Pucci S, Gonnelli C, Lepri L, Del Bubba M. Total and hexavalent chromium removal in a subsurface horizontal flow (h-SSF) constructed wetland operating as post-treatment of textile wastewater for water reuse. Water Sci Technol 2011; 64:826-831. [PMID: 22097067 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated total and hexavalent chromium removal in an h-SSF constructed wetland (CW) planted with Phragmites australis and operating as post-treatment of effluent wastewater from an activated sludge plant serving the textile industrial district of Prato (Italy). Two measurement campaigns were carried out in 2006 and 2008-2010 in which more than 950 inlet and outlet samples were analyzed. When inlet and outlet concentrations were compared one to the other, the latter were found to be significantly lower than the former (p < 0.001); during the entire period of investigation, removal of hexavalent chromium equal to about 70% was achieved. Outlet concentrations ranged between values lower than the quantification limit (0.5 microg L(-1)) and 4.5 microg L(-1), and in all cases were therefore lower than the limit indicated for hexavalent chromium in the Italian regulation for water reuse (5 microg L(-1)). The comparison of the removal efficiencies achieved for hexavalent and trivalent chromium during the two campaigns suggested that the removal of the former can be sustained in the long term, while for the latter, the treatment efficiency is more sensitive to the age of the CW, being that it is it based on trivalent chromium retention in the reed bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fibbi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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