1
|
Kim M, Lee HS, Seo DH, Cho SJ, Jeon EC, Moon HR. Melt-quenched carboxylate metal-organic framework glasses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1174. [PMID: 38331892 PMCID: PMC10853212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although carboxylate-based frameworks are commonly used architectures in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), liquid/glass MOFs have thus far mainly been obtained from azole- or weakly coordinating ligand-based frameworks. This is because strong coordination bonds of carboxylate ligands to metals block the thermal vitrification pathways of carboxylate-based MOFs. In this study, we present the example of carboxylate-based melt-quenched MOF glasses comprising Mg2+ or Mn2+ with an aliphatic carboxylate ligand, adipate. These MOFs have a low melting temperature (Tm) of 284 °C and 238 °C, respectively, compared to zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF) glasses, and superior mechanical properties in terms of hardness and elastic modulus. The low Tm may be attributed to the flexibility and low symmetry of the aliphatic carboxylate ligand, which raises the entropy of fusion (ΔSfus), and the lack of crystal field stabilization energy on metal ions, reducing enthalpy of fusion (ΔHfus). This research will serve as a cornerstone for the integration of numerous carboxylate-based MOFs into MOF glasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhyuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Sub Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Major of Nano-Mechatronics, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Chae Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwak JY, Jeong JY, Kwon YP, Seo DH, Kang CM, Kim DH, Han JS, Gwak EJ, Choi DS, Kim JY, Je TJ, Jeon EC. Manufacturing of stretchable substrate with biaxial strain control for highly-efficient stretchable solar cells and displays. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20460. [PMID: 37993479 PMCID: PMC10665548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been significant research focused on the development of stretchable materials that can provide a large area with minimal material usage for use in solar cells and displays. However, most materials exhibit perpendicular shrinkage when stretched, which is particularly problematic for polymer-based substrates commonly used in stretchable devices. To address this issue, biaxial strain-controlled substrates have been proposed as a solution to increase device efficiency and conserve material resources. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of a biaxial strain-controlled substrate with a re-entrant honeycomb structure and a negative Poisson's ratio. Using a precisely machined mold with a shape error of less than 0.15%, we successfully fabricated polydimethylsiloxane substrates with a 500 μm thick re-entrant honeycomb structure, resulting in a 19.1% reduction in perpendicular shrinkage. This improvement translates to a potential increase in device efficiency by 9.44% and an 8.60% reduction in material usage for substrate fabrication. We demonstrate that this design and manufacturing method can be applied to the fabrication of efficient stretchable devices, such as solar cells and displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Kwak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-Mechatronics Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Pil Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-Mechatronics Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Kang
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sae Han
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-Mechatronics Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Gwak
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sun Choi
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Je
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Chae Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seo DH, Chatterjee B, Scott SM, Valentino DJ, Peroulis D, Sen S. Design and Analysis of a Resistive Sensor Interface With Phase Noise-Energy-Resolution Scalability for a Time-Based Resistance-to-Digital Converter. Front Electron 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2022.792326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the design and analysis of a resistive sensor interface with three different designs of phase noise-energy-resolution scalability in time-based resistance-to-digital converters (RDCs), including test chip implementations and measurements, targeted toward either minimizing the energy/conversion step or maximizing bit-resolution. The implemented RDCs consist of a three-stage differential ring oscillator, which is current starved using the resistive sensor, a differential-to-single-ended amplifier, and digital modules and serial interface. The first RDC design (baseline) included the basic structure of time-based RDC and targeted low-energy/conversion step. The second RDC design (goal: higher-resolution) aimed to improve the rms jitter/phase noise of the oscillator with help of speed-up latches, to achieve high bit-resolution as compared to the first RDC design. The third RDC design (goal: process portability) reduced the power consumption by scaling the technology with the improved phase-noise design, achieving 1-bit better resolution as that of the second RDC design. Using time-based implementation, the RDCs exhibit energy-resolution scalability and consume a measured power of 861 nW with 18-bit resolution in design 1 in TSMC 0.35 μm technology (with 10 ms read-time, with one readout every second). Measurements of designs 2 and 3 demonstrate power consumption of 19.2 μW with 20-bit resolution using TSMC 0.35μm and 17.6 μW with 20-bit resolution using TSMC 0.18μm, respectively (both with 10 ms read-time, repeated every second). With 30 ms read-time, design 3 achieves 21-bit resolution, which is the highest resolution reported for a time-based ADC. The 0.35-μm time-based RDC is the lowest-power time-based ADC reported, while the 0.18-μm time-based RDC with speed-up latch offers the highest resolution. The active chip-area for all three designs is less than 1.1 mm2.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeong G, Seo J, Kim Y, Seo DH, Baik JM, Jeon EC, Lee G, Park H. Graphene Antiadhesion Layer for the Effective Peel-and-Pick Transfer of Metallic Electrodes toward Flexible Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:22000-22008. [PMID: 33904704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its exceptional physicochemical properties, graphene has demonstrated unprecedented potential in a wide array of scientific and industrial applications. By exploiting its chemically inert surface endowed with unique barrier functionalities, we herein demonstrate antiadhesive monolayer graphene films for realizing a peel-and-pick transfer process of target materials from the donor substrate. When the graphene antiadhesion layer (AAL) is inserted at the interface between the metal and the arbitrary donor substrate, the interfacial interactions can be effectively weakened by the weak interplanar van der Waals forces of graphene, enabling the effective release of the metallic electrode from the donor substrate. The flexible embedded metallic electrode with graphene AAL exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical durability, and chemical resistance, as well as excellent performance in flexible heater applications. This study afforded an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance and ultraflexible embedded metallic electrodes for applications in the field of highly functional flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyujeong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyung Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Superfunctional Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Chae Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Superfunctional Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeon JY, Kim SK, Kim KS, Song SO, Yun JS, Kim BY, Kim CH, Park SO, Hong S, Seo DH, Seo JA, Noh JH, Kim DJ. Clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis in users and non-users of SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetes Metab 2019; 45:453-457. [PMID: 30639566 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and compared the DKA characteristics between patients treated with and without SGLT2 inhibitors. METHODS Data were collected from patients aged ≥ 18 years admitted for DKA at nine centres in Korea between September 2014 and April 2017. The electronic medical records of these subjects were retrospectively reviewed. Based on their history of medications taken before admission, subjects were classified as either users or non-users of SGLT2 inhibitors and their clinical characteristics of DKA were compared. RESULTS During the study, the main subtype of DKA episodes (n = 523) was identified as type 2 diabetes (51%). Average hospitalization duration was 11 days, and average intensive care unit (ICU) time was 2.5 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3%, but no users of SGLT2 inhibitors died during DKA treatment. In patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 15), DKA manifested at 124 days, on average, after starting the inhibitors (range: 7-380 days). Also, SGLT2 inhibitors users had significantly lower plasma glucose levels (413 mg/dL) compared with non-users (554 mg/dL), and longer ICU stays (4 vs. 2 days; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION In this report of recent data on the clinical features of DKA in Korea, patients using SGLT2 inhibitors needed longer treatment in ICUs compared with non-users and had lower levels of blood glucose, whereas DKA associated with SGLT2 inhibitors was rare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Centre, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - K-S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Centre, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S O Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J-S Yun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - B-Y Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S O Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gwangmyeong Sungae Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - S Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahn JH, Kim IS, Yang JH, Lee IG, Seo DH, Kim SP. Transoesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of central venous catheter positioning using Peres' formula or a radiological landmark-based approach: a prospective randomized single-centre study. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:215-222. [PMID: 28100525 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lower superior vena cava (SVC), near its junction with the right atrium (RA), is considered the ideal location for the central venous catheter tip to ensure proper function and prevent injuries. We determined catheter insertion depth with a new formula using the sternoclavicular joint and the carina as radiological landmarks, with a 1.5 cm safety margin. The accuracy of tip positioning with the radiological landmark-based technique (R) and Peres' formula (P) was compared using transoesophageal echocardiography. METHODS Real-time ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion was done through the right internal jugular or subclavian vein. Patients were randomly assigned to either the P group (n=93) or the R group (n=95). Optimal catheter tip position was considered to be within 2 cm above and 1 cm below the RA-SVC junction. Catheter tip position, abutment, angle to the vascular wall, and flow stream were evaluated on a bicaval view. RESULTS The distance from the skin insertion point to the RA-SVC junction and determined depth of catheter insertion were more strongly correlated in the R group [17.4 (1.2) and 16.7 (1.5) cm; r=0.821, P<0.001] than in the P group [17.3 (1.2) and 16.4 (1.1) cm; r=0.517, P<0.001], with z=3.96 (P<0.001). More tips were correctly positioned in the R group than in the P group (74 vs 93%, P=0.001). Abutment, tip angle to the lateral wall >40°, and disrupted flow stream were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Catheter tip position was more accurate with a radiological landmark-based technique than with Peres' formula. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registry of Korea: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp KCT0001937.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, 150 Sungan-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-701, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, 150 Sungan-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-701, Republic of Korea
| | - I G Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, 150 Sungan-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-701, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Seo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, 150 Sungan-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S P Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, 305 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahn SH, Seo DH, Kim SH, Nam MS, Hong S. The relationship between fatty liver index and bone mineral density in Koreans: KNHANES 2010-2011. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:181-190. [PMID: 29051986 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Analyses using a nationally representative cohort have revealed that high fatty liver index (FLI) is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) regardless of insulin resistance in men, thereby supporting the deteriorated bone metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). INTRODUCTION NAFLD is linked to deteriorated bone health. We investigated the association of FLI, a scoring model for NAFLD, with BMD. METHODS This was a population-based, cross-sectional study from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys including 4264 Koreans (1908 men and 2356 women). FLI was calculated using body mass index, waist circumference, serum triglyceride, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase level. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and whole body. RESULTS Men had a higher FLI than women, while the HOMA-IR index was similar between men and women. The significant association between FLI and BMD was observed only in men, but not in women. FLI was negatively correlated with total hip, femoral neck, and whole body BMD in men after adjusting for all potential confounders, including HOMA-IR (P < 0.001 to 0.010). Lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and whole body BMD in men showed a decreasing trend as the FLI tertile increased after adjusting for all potential confounders, including HOMA-IR (P for trends < 0.001 to 0.034). In men aged 50 years or older, odds ratios for combined osteopenia and osteoporosis increased across increasing FLI tertiles after adjusting for confounders (P for trends < 0.011 to 0.029). CONCLUSION NAFLD is associated with low bone density regardless of insulin resistance in men. These findings suggest an undiscovered direct link between liver and bone that increases the risk of osteoporosis in men with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - M-S Nam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - S Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hong SE, Lee J, Seo DH, In Lee H, Ri Park D, Lee GR, Jo YJ, Kim N, Kwon M, Shon H, Kyoung Seo E, Kim HS, Young Lee S, Jeong W. Euphorbia factor L1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating cellular redox status and induces Fas-mediated apoptosis in osteoclast. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:191-199. [PMID: 28774817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption caused by increased osteoclast number or activity leads to a variety of bone diseases including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Thus, the therapeutic strategy for these diseases has been focused primarily on the inhibition of osteoclast formation and function. This study shows that euphorbia factor L1 (EFL1), a diterpenoid isolated from Euphorbia lathyris, inhibited osteoclastogenesis and induced osteoclast apoptosis. EFL1 suppressed osteoclast formation and bone resorption at both initial and terminal differentiation stages. EFL1 inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced NFATc1 induction with attenuated NF-κB activation and c-Fos expression. EFL1 decreased the level of reactive oxygen species by scavenging them or activating Nrf2, and inhibited PGC-1β that regulates mitochondria biogenesis. In addition, EFL1 induced apoptosis in differentiated osteoclasts by increasing Fas ligand expression followed by caspase activation. Moreover, EFL1 inhibited inflammation-induced bone erosion and ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. These findings suggest that EFL1 inhibits osteoclast differentiation by regulating cellular redox status and induces Fas-mediated apoptosis in osteoclast, and may provide therapeutic potential for preventing or treating bone-related diseases caused by excessive osteoclast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Hong
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiae Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ri Park
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Gong-Rak Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jo
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kwon
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansem Shon
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeon EJ, Lee DH, Kim YJ, Ahn J, Kim MJ, Hwang JT, Hur J, Kim M, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Seo DH, Lee JS, Sung MJ, Jung CH. Effects of yuja peel extract and its flavanones on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats and osteoblast differentiation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2587-2601. [PMID: 27506630 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Yuja (Citrus junos Tanaka) possesses various health benefits, but its effects on bone health are unknown. In this study, the preventative effects of yuja peel ethanol extract (YPEE) on osteopenia were determined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanisms by which YPEE and its flavanones regulate osteoblastogenesis were examined in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of YPEE on osteoblastogenesis were investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells. YPEE promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin. YPEE and its flavanones promoted osteoblast differentiation via BMP-2-mediated p38 and the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. YPEE supplementation significantly decreased body weight and increased uterine weight and bone mineral density in OVX rats. Based on a micro-CT analysis of femurs, YPEE significantly attenuated osteopenia and increased trabecular volume fraction, trabecular separation, and trabecular number (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary YPEE has a protective effect on OVX-induced osteopenia. YPEE and its flavanones promote osteoblastogenesis via the activation of the BMP/p38/Smad/Runx2 pathways. These results extend our knowledge of the beneficial effects of YPEE and provide a basis for the development of novel therapies for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jeon
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ji Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Hur
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Analysis Support, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jeh SU, Yoon S, Seo DH, Lee SW, Lee C, Choi SM, Kam SC, Hwa JS, Chung KH, Hyun JS. Relationship between serum testosterone and nocturia in men without benign prostate enlargement. Andrology 2016; 5:58-62. [PMID: 27636882 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the relationship between nocturia and serum testosterone because testosterone is thought to be an important factor of prostate growth. However, it remains unclear whether altered serum concentrations of testosterone is associated with an increased risk of nocturia because patients who were taking diuretics or who had a large prostate, which may precipitate nocturia, were not excluded from most previous studies. We analyzed the clinical records of 596 non-benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) male patients to explore the relationship between serum total testosterone and nocturia. All patients were evaluated using a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay, measurement of serum total testosterone, transrectal ultrasonography, uroflowmetry, and a compilation of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires. Nocturia was defined as ≥2 nocturnal voiding episodes. The number of nocturia episodes was assessed using IPSS question 7. To evaluate the effect of serum testosterone on nocturia, multivariate regression analysis was performed including the covariates of age, IPSS, IIEF score, body mass index, PSA, prostate volume, and maximal urine flow rate. Based on multivariate linear analysis, serum testosterone level was not significantly associated with the severity of nocturia. However, with regard to the relationship between prevalence of nocturia and serum testosterone, prevalence of nocturia was significantly positively associated with age (OR = 1.048, p = 0.005), total IPSS (OR = 1.217, p < 0.001), and testosterone level (OR = 1.150, p = 0.041). Therefore, in men without an enlarged prostate, testosterone may play an opposing role in the etiology of nocturia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S U Jeh
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - D H Seo
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - C Lee
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - S M Choi
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - S C Kam
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - J S Hwa
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - K H Chung
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - J S Hyun
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hwang SR, Seo DH, Byun Y, Park JW. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of an orally available enteric-microencapsulated parathyroid hormone (1-34)-deoxycholic acid nanocomplex. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4231-46. [PMID: 27621618 PMCID: PMC5012625 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal 34-amino-acid peptide fragment of human parathyroid hormone PTH (1-34), is used clinically to treat osteoporosis; however, it is currently administered by a once-daily subcutaneous injection, resulting in poor patient compliance. We have developed enteric microcapsules containing an ionic nanocomplex between PTH (1-34) and lysine-linked deoxycholic acid (LysDOCA) for the oral delivery of PTH (1-34). We measured the particle size of the PTH/LysDOCA complex and assessed its biological activity by determining the cAMP content in MC3T3-E1 cells. We also assessed its permeability across a Caco-2 cell monolayer and the bioavailability of the intrajejunally administered PTH/LysDOCA complex compared with PTH (1-34) in rats. In addition, the antiosteoporotic activity of the PTH/LysDOCA complex, encapsulated in an enteric carrier by coaxial ultrasonic atomization, was evaluated after it was orally administered to ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The formation of an ionic complex between PTH (1-34) and LysDOCA produced nanoparticles of diameter 33.0±3.36 nm, and the bioactivity of the complex was comparable with that of PTH (1-34). The Caco-2 cell permeability and AUClast value of the PTH/LysDOCA (1:10) nanocomplex increased by 2.87- and 16.3-fold, respectively, compared with PTH (1-34) alone. Furthermore, the OVX rats treated with oral PTH/LysDOCA-loaded enteric microcapsules showed an increase in bone mineral density (159%), bone volume fraction (175%), and trabecular number (174%) compared with those in the OVX control group. Therefore, the PTH/LysDOCA nanocomplex oral delivery system is a promising treatment modality for osteoporosis because it improves osteogenesis and trabecular connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Rim Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park D, Park CW, Choi Y, Lin J, Seo DH, Kim HS, Lee SY, Kang IC. A novel small-molecule PPI inhibitor targeting integrin αvβ3-osteopontin interface blocks bone resorption in vitro and prevents bone loss in mice. Biomaterials 2016; 98:131-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
13
|
Park SJ, Huh JE, Shin J, Park DR, Ko R, Jin GR, Seo DH, Kim HS, Shin HI, Oh GT, Kim HS, Lee SY. Sirt6 cooperates with Blimp1 to positively regulate osteoclast differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26186. [PMID: 27189179 PMCID: PMC4870620 DOI: 10.1038/srep26186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global deletion of the gene encoding a nuclear histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) in mice leads to osteopenia with a low bone turnover due to impaired bone formation. But whether Sirt6 regulates osteoclast differentiation is less clear. Here we show that Sirt6 functions as a transcriptional regulator to directly repress anti-osteoclastogenic gene expression. Targeted ablation of Sirt6 in hematopoietic cells including osteoclast precursors resulted in increased bone volume caused by a decreased number of osteoclasts. Overexpression of Sirt6 led to an increase in osteoclast formation, and Sirt6-deficient osteoclast precursor cells did not undergo osteoclast differentiation efficiently. Moreover, we showed that Sirt6, induced by RANKL-dependent NFATc1 expression, forms a complex with B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) to negatively regulate expression of anti-osteoclastogenic gene such as Mafb. These findings identify Sirt6 as a novel regulator of osteoclastogenesis by acting as a transcriptional repressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Huh
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Doo Ri Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ryeojin Ko
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Gyu-Rin Jin
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huh JE, Shin JH, Jang ES, Park SJ, Park DR, Ko R, Seo DH, Kim HS, Lee SH, Choi Y, Kim HS, Lee SY. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) maintains bone homeostasis by regulating AMPK-PGC-1β axis in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22511. [PMID: 26928655 PMCID: PMC4772385 DOI: 10.1038/srep22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is involved in suppressing the onset of multiple pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, fatty liver, age-related hearing loss, and breast cancer. But a physiological role of SIRT3 in bone metabolism is not known. Here we show that SIRT3 is a key regulatory molecule to maintain bone homeostasis. Mice deficient in SIRT3 exhibited severe osteopenia owing to increased numbers of osteoclasts. Osteoclast precursors from Sirt3-/- mice underwent increased osteoclastogenesis in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), an essential cytokine for osteoclast differentiation. SIRT3 expression from RANKL induction depended on the transcription coactivator PGC-1β (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1β) and the nuclear receptor ERRα (estrogen receptor-related receptor α), and that SIRT3 inhibited the differentiation by interfering with the RANKL-induced expression of PGC-1β. Thus an auto-regulatory feedback mechanism operates to induce its own inhibitor SIRT3 by PGC-1β. Moreover, Sirt3-/- osteoclast precursors reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation through down-regulating the expression of AMPK. Our results suggest that a mitochondrial SIRT3 is an intrinsic inhibitor for RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Huh
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - So Jeong Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Doo Ri Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ryeojin Ko
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
| | - Seoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jeon OC, Seo DH, Kim HS, Byun Y, Park JW. Oral delivery of zoledronic acid by non-covalent conjugation with lysine-deoxycholic acid: In vitro characterization and in vivo anti-osteoporotic efficacy in ovariectomized rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 82:1-10. [PMID: 26542347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the possibility of changing the route of administration of zoledronic acid to an oral dosage form and its therapeutic efficacy in an estrogen-deficient osteoporosis rat model. To enhance oral bioavailability, we formed an ionic complex by electrostatic conjugation of zoledronic acid with lysine-linked deoxycholic acid (Lys-DOCA, an oral absorption enhancer). After forming the complex, the characteristic crystalline features of pure zoledronic acid disappeared completely in the powder X-ray diffractogram and differential scanning calorimetry thermogram, indicating that zoledronic acid existed in an amorphous form in the complex. In vitro permeabilities of zoledronic acid/Lys-DOCA (1:1) (ZD1) and zoledronic acid/Lys-DOCA (1:2) (ZD2) complex across Caco-2 cell monolayers were 2.47- and 4.74-fold higher than that of zoledronic acid, respectively. Upon intra-jejunal administration to rats, the intestinal absorption of zoledronic acid was increased significantly and the resulting oral bioavailability of the ZD2 complex was determined to be 6.76±2.59% (0.548±0.161% for zoledronic acid). Ovariectomized (OVX) rats showed 122% increased bone mineral density versus the OVX control at 12weeks after treatment with once weekly oral administration of ZD2 complex (16μg/kg of zoledronic acid). Furthermore, rats treated with ZD2 complex orally showed significant improvement in the parameters of trabecular microarchitecture and bone strength: 149% higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV), 115% higher trabecular number (Tb.N), and 56% higher mean maximum load (Fmax) than in the OVX group. The trabecular microstructure and bone mechanical properties in the oral zoledronic acid group were not significantly changed compared with the OVX control. Thus, the oral ZD2 complex inhibited osteoporosis progression effectively by promoting osteogenesis and trabecular connectivity. The oral ZD2 complex would be expected to improve patient compliance by replacing the conventional injectable form and expand the indications, to include prophylaxis for osteoporosis and bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Cheol Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-Fraunhofer IZFP Medical Device Lab., Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-Fraunhofer IZFP Medical Device Lab., Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee YH, Kim WJ, Lee MH, Kim SY, Seo DH, Kim HS, Gelinsky M, Kim TJ. Anti-skeletal muscle atrophy effect of Oenothera odorata root extract via reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways in cellular and mouse model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:80-8. [PMID: 26613402 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1075861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy can be defined as a decrease of muscle volume caused by injury or lack of use. This condition is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in various muscular disorders. We acquired 2D and 3D images using micro-computed tomography in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of sciatic-denervated mice. We confirmed that sciatic denervation-small animal model reduced muscle volume. However, the intraperitoneal injection of Oenothera odorata root extract (EVP) delayed muscle atrophy compared to a control group. We also investigated the mechanism of muscle atrophy's relationship with ROS. EVP suppressed expression of SOD1, and increased expression of HSP70, in both H2O2-treated C2C12 myoblasts and sciatic-denervated mice. Moreover, EVP regulated apoptotic signals, including caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and ceramide. These results indicate that EVP has a positive effect on reducing the effect of ROS on muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyeon Lee
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Wan-Joong Kim
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Myung-Hun Lee
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Health Science, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Health Science, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- c Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Tack-Joong Kim
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahn H, Seo DH, Kim HS, Choue R. Calorie restriction aggravated cortical and trabecular bone architecture in ovariectomy-induced estrogen-deficient rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:707-13. [PMID: 25172380 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that calorie restriction (CR) and estrogen deficiency (ovariectomy [OVX]) would aggravate bone biomarkers and structural parameters in rats. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to sham-operated groups and fed either an ad libitum diet (SHAM-AL) or a CR diet (SHAM-CR); ovariectomy-operated groups were fed an ad libitum diet (OVX-AL) or a CR diet (OVX-CR). For 8 weeks, the OVX-AL and SHAM-AL groups were fed the same diet, whereas CR groups were fed a diet containing 50% fewer calories. Bone-related biomarkers and structural parameters (OC; deoxypyridinoline [DPD]; N-terminal telopeptide, NTx; architecture and mineralization; and microcomputed tomography images) were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The serum OC levels of calorie-restricted groups (SHAM-CR and OVX-CR) were significantly lower than those of the AL groups (SHAM-AL and OVX-AL) (P < .05). Urinary DPD levels of calorie-restricted and ovariectomized groups were higher than those of their counterparts (P < .05), whereas urinary NTx levels of calorie-restricted groups were higher than those of AL groups (P < .05). In regard to trabecular bone, the calorie-restricted and ovariectomized groups had lower values of bone volume to total volume, trabecular number, and bone mineral density, but higher values of trabecular separation than those of their counterparts (P < .05). Regarding cortical bone, the calorie-restricted groups had reduced values of bone volume, mean polar moment of inertia, and cortical thickness compared to the AL groups (P < .05). In conclusion, severe CR with or without OVX during the growth period in rats is equally detrimental to bone; CR has detrimental effects on trabecular and cortical bone; and estrogen deficiency only had an effect on trabecular bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Ahn
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ryowon Choue
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seo DH, Park GD. Effect of Togu-exercise on Lumbar Back Strength of Women with Chronic Low Back Pain. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:637-9. [PMID: 24926121 PMCID: PMC4047221 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The present study analyzed the effect of the Togu exercise program on the
lumbar back strength of middle-aged women who did not perform regular exercise, and
presents an effective exercise method for middle-aged women with chronic low back pain
symptom. [Subjects] The subjects were 16 women with chronic low back pain attending N
University, Chungcheong-do, Korea. [Methods] Height, weight, body fat, and body mass index
(BMI) were measured using a body composition analyzer (Inbody 720, Biospace, Korea), which
utilizes bioelectrical impedance analysis. Using isokinetic lumbar muscle strength
measurement equipment [Isomed 2000, Back system, (Germany)], peak torque/body weight,
total work and average power of flexion and extension of the lumbar region were measured.
For lumbar stabilization exercises, an air cushion (Germany), jumper (Germany), and aero
step (Germany) were employed. First, warm-up exercise was conducted for 10 minutes,
followed by 10 sets of the 3 main exercises using the above tools with 10-second rest
intervals. The main exercise was done for 40 minutes in total. [Results] The paired sample
t-test showed significant in the Togu exercise group peak torque of flexion, peak torque
of extension, total work of flexion, total work of extension, average power of flexion,
average power of extension, after the exercise showed a significant difference in the Togu
exercise group. [Conclusion] The trunk muscle actiation program for middle-aged women had
a significant effect on muscle strength and low back pain. Therefore the trunk muscle
activation program is effective at increasing muscular strength of middle-aged women, and
the results suggest improve muscle strength is effectively stabilizaties the lumbar
region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Namseoul University, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Duck Park
- Department of Leisure Sport, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee A, Park K, Choi SJ, Seo DH, Kim K, Kim HS, Choi K, Kwon IC, Yoon SY, Youn I. Prediction of antiarthritic drug efficacies by monitoring active matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) levels in collagen-induced arthritic mice using the MMP-3 probe. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1450-8. [PMID: 24673659 DOI: 10.1021/mp400622q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Active matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is a prognostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We recently developed an MMP-3 probe that can specifically detect the active form of MMP-3. The aim of this study was to investigate whether detection and monitoring of active MMP-3 could be useful to predict therapeutic drug responses in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. During the period of treatment with drugs such as methotrexate (MTX) or infliximab (IFX), MMP-3 mRNA and protein levels were correlated with fluorescence signals in arthritic joint tissues and in the serum of CIA mice. Also, bone volume density and erosion in the knee joints and the paws of CIA mice were measured with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), X-ray, and histology to confirm drug responses. In joint tissues and serum of CIA mice, strong fluorescence signals induced by the action of active MMP-3 were significantly decreased when drugs were applied. The decrease in RA scores in drug-treated CIA mice led to fluorescence reductions, mainly as a result of down-regulation of MMP-3 mRNA or protein. The micro-CT, X-ray, and histology results clearly showed marked decreases in bone and cartilage destruction, which were consistent with the reduction of fluorescence by down-regulation of active MMP-3 in drug-treated CIA mice. We suggest that the MMP-3 diagnostic kit could be used to detect and monitor the active form of MMP-3 in CIA mice serum during a treatment course and thereby used to predict the drug response or resistance to RA therapies at an earlier stage. We hope that monitoring of active MMP-3 levels in arthritis patients using the MMP-3 diagnostic kit will be a promising tool for drug discovery, drug development, and monitoring of drug responses in RA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aeju Lee
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-Dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seok H, Lee SW, Kim SG, Seo DH, Kim HS, Kweon HY, Jo YY, Kang TY, Lee MJ, Chae WS. The Effect of Silk Membrane Plus 3% 4-hexylresorcinol on Guided Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7852/ijie.2013.27.1.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Congenital habitual patellar dislocation is a rare condition of the knee where the patella dislocates during flexion and relocates during extension. The congenital form is permanent, irreducible, and presents at birth. It is characterized by a short quadriceps and a major patellofemoral dysplasia and short height. This article presents a rare case of a 27-year-old woman with recurring bilateral habitual dislocation of the patella after a failed previous proximal and distal realignment procedure. Clinical examinations of both knees revealed genu valgus knees and lateral joint pain that recurred after several previous operations. Radiographs of both knees showed patellar dislocation and genu valgum associated with patellofemoral dysplasia and osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment. Long-leg standing radiographs showed an anatomic tibiofemoral angle of right 13° and left 6° valgus and a mechanical tibiofemoral angle of right 8° and left 2° valgus and weight-bearing line of 65% on the right and 48% on the left. The authors performed a distal femoral closing wedging osteotomy to correct the valgus deformity, and then percutaneous lateral release and medial reefing were performed to stabilize the patellas of both knees simultaneously.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shim KS, Kim T, Ha H, Lee KJ, Cho CW, Kim HS, Seo DH, Ma JY. Lactobacillus fermentation enhances the inhibitory effect of Hwangryun-haedok-tang in an ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:106. [PMID: 23680047 PMCID: PMC3694040 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Hwangryun-haedok-tang (HRT) is traditional herbal medicine used to treat inflammatory-related diseases in Asia. However, its effect on osteoclastogenesis and bone loss is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of HRT and its fermented product (fHRT) on the receptor activator for the nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and postmenopausal bone loss using an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Methods Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was employed to evaluate osteoclast formation. mRNA level of transcription factor and protein levels of signaling molecules were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Effect of HRT or fHRT on OVX-induced bone loss was evaluated using OVX rats orally administered HRT, or fHRT with 300 mg/kg for 12 weeks. Micro-CT analysis of femora was performed to analyze bone parameter. Results HRT or fHRT treatment significantly decreased TRAP activity and the number of TRAP positive multinuclear cells on osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, these inhibitory effects of HRT were enhanced by fermentation. Furthermore, fHRT significantly inhibited mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1, which leads to down-regulation of NFATc1-regulated mRNA expressions such as TRAP, the d2 isoform of vacuolar ATPase V(0) domain, and cathepsin K. Administration of fHRT significantly inhibited the decrease of bone mineral density, and improved bone parameter of femora more than that of HRT and vehicle in OVX rats. Conclusions This study demonstrated that lactic bacterial fermentation fortifies the inhibitory effect of HRT on osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. These results suggest that fermented HRT might have the beneficial potential on osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim H, Hyeon S, Kim H, Yang Y, Huh JY, Park DR, Lee H, Seo DH, Kim HS, Lee SY, Jeong W. Dynein Light Chain LC8 Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Prevents Bone Loss in Mice. J I 2013; 190:1312-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
24
|
Ko CY, Kang H, Seo DH, Jung B, Schreiber J, Kim HS. Low-level laser therapy using the minimally invasive laser needle system on osteoporotic bone in ovariectomized mice. Med Eng Phys 2012; 35:1015-9. [PMID: 23127900 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in preventing and/or treating osteoporotic trabecular bone. Mice were ovariectomized (OVX) to induce osteoporotic bone loss. The tibiae of eight OVX mice were treated for 5 days each week for 2 weeks by LLLT (660 nm, 3 J) using a minimally invasive laser needle system (MILNS) which is designed to minimize loss of laser energy before reaching bone (LASER group). Another eight mice received a sham treatment (SHAM group). Structural parameters of trabecular bone were measured with in vivo micro-computed tomography images before and after laser treatment. After LLLT for 2 weeks, the percentage reduction (%R) was significantly lower in BV/TV (bone volume fraction) and Tb.N (trabecular number, p<0.05 and p<0.05) and significant higher in Tb.Sp (trabecular separation) and SMI (structure model index, p<0.05 and p<0.05) than in the SHAM group. The %R in BV/TV at sites directly treated by LLLT was significantly lower in the LASER group than the SHAM group (p<0.05, p<0.05). These results indicated that LLLT using MILNS may be effective for preventing and/or treating trabecular bone loss and the effect may be site-dependent in the same bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yong Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hwang SR, Seo DH, Al-Hilal TA, Jeon OC, Kang JH, Kim SH, Kim HS, Chang YT, Kang YM, Yang VC, Byun Y. Orally active desulfated low molecular weight heparin and deoxycholic acid conjugate, 6ODS-LHbD, suppresses neovascularization and bone destruction in arthritis. J Control Release 2012; 163:374-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
26
|
Seo DH, Kim HS, Ko CY, Schreiber J, Jang YS, Bae K. The effects of circadian disturbances induced by night shifts on the mouse peripheral tissues. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2012.706639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
27
|
Hwa JS, Kam SC, Choi JH, Do JM, Seo DH, Hyun JS. Impact of erectile function and age in men with lower urinary tract symptoms on ejaculatory dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Int J Impot Res 2012; 24:101-5. [PMID: 22357535 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and ED are clearly correlated, but to date no correlation with ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) has been identified. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of erectile function in men with LUTS on EjD and premature ejaculation (PE). Erectile function, PE and EjD of 239 men (mean age, 53.0 ± 10.65 years), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erection Function (IIEF), intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and the seven-item Male Sexual Health questionnaire (MSHQ)-EjD were used to compare with the degree of LUTS. Ages were divided into five groups (<40, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and >70 years). The IPSS categorized patients into three symptom groups: mild, 1-7; moderate, 8-19; and severe, >19. ED was classified into five categories based on IIEF-EF scores: severe (0-6), moderate (7-12), mild-to-moderate (13-18), mild (19-24) and normal (25-30). The correlations among age, IIEF-EF, IELT and the MSHQ-EjD domain were studied through regression and cross-tabulation analyses. The results revealed that aging significantly affected each item of the MSHQ-EjD (P<0.05). The IIEF-EF domain was also correlated with each question on the MSHQ-EjD (P<0.05). PE (IELT <1 min) increased in incidence as patients got older but was not linked to IIEF-EF (P>0.05). These results indicate that EjD is closely related to age and erectile function, and that PE is closely related to age, although PE is not related to erectile function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Hwa
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Human platelet-specific antigens (HPAs) are found on platelet membrane glycoproteins and are the target of platelet alloantibodies that mediate platelet destruction in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy. The biallelic polymorphism of all HPA systems is known to be due to a substitution of a single base pair. This study was performed to investigate the frequency of the HPA genes in Koreans, based on these substitutions. The genotypes of eight HPA systems were determined by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) for HPA-1, -2, -4, -5, and -8 and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for HPA-3, -6, and -7. The gene frequencies obtained from 200 unrelated Koreans were 0.99 and 0.01 for HPA-1a and -1b, 0.92 and 0.08 for HPA-2a and -2b, 0.55 and 0.45 for HPA-3a and -3b, 0.99 and 0.01 for HPA-4a and -4b, 0.98 and 0.02 for HPA-5a and -5b, and 0.98 and 0.02 for HPA-6a and -6b. All the individuals tested were homozygotes for HPA-7a and HPA-8a. It has been reported that the HPA-1b antigen is extremely rare (less than 0.3%) in Oriental populations, but this study suggests that the frequency of this antigen in Koreans (2.0%) is higher than in Japanese and Chinese populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Seo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|