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Oh B, Lim YS, Ko KW, Seo H, Kim DJ, Kong D, You JM, Kim H, Kim TS, Park S, Kwon DS, Na JC, Han WK, Park SM, Park S. Ultra-soft and highly stretchable tissue-adhesive hydrogel based multifunctional implantable sensor for monitoring of overactive bladder. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115060. [PMID: 36701947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly stretchable and tissue-adhesive multifunctional sensor based on structurally engineered islets embedded in ultra-soft hydrogel is reported for monitoring of bladder activity in overactive bladder (OAB) induced rat and anesthetized pig. The use of hydrogel yielded a much lower sensor modulus (1 kPa) compared to that of the bladder (300 kPa), while the strong adhesiveness of the hydrogel (adhesive strength: 260.86 N/m) allowed firm attachment onto the bladder. The change in resistance of printed liquid metal particle thin-film lines under strain were used to detect bladder inflation and deflation; due to the high stretchability and reliability of the lines, surface strains of 200% could be measured repeatedly. Au electrodes coated with Platinum black were used to detect electromyography (EMG). These electrodes were placed on structurally engineered rigid islets so that no interfacial fracture occurs under high strains associated with bladder expansion. On the OAB induced rat, stronger signals (change in resistance and EMG root-mean-square) were detected near intra-bladder pressure maxima, thus showing correlation to bladder activity. Moreover, using robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the sensor was placed onto the bladder of an anesthetized pig. Under voiding and filling, bladder strain and EMG were once again monitored. These results confirm that our proposed sensor is a highly feasible, clinically relevant implantable device for continuous monitoring OAB for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkook Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Woo Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeob Seo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukyoo Kong
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min You
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoul Kim
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chae Na
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Center of Uro-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kim H, You JM, Kyung KU, Kwon DS. Endoscopic surgery robot that facilitates insertion of the curved colon and ensures positional stability against external forces: K-COLON. Int J Med Robot 2022; 19:e2493. [PMID: 36538191 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although various endoscopic surgery robots developed in previous studies are versatile and have high lesion accessibility, they have limitations in terms of reaching the target lesion through the curved path in the large intestine and providing a stable tasking environment for the operator. METHODS An endoscopic surgery robot was developed for performing surgery in the large intestine. The robot was easily inserted into the target lesion in the curved colon through the mounted soft actuator and demonstrated high structural stiffness through the insertion of the sigmoidal auxiliary tendons. RESULTS The robot was able to access the target lesion in the curved colon through teleoperation alone. Further, it was confirmed that the high structural stiffness overtube improved the overall task performance in the user test. CONCLUSIONS The proposed robotic system demonstrated the possibility and potential of performing advanced endoscopic surgery in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Min You
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Uk Kyung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,ROEN Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Korea
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Kim J, Jung HD, Moon YJ, Han H, Cheon B, Han J, Cho SY, Lee JY, Kwon DS. In Vivo Feasibility Test of a New Flexible Ureteroscopic Robotic System, easyUretero, for Renal Stone Retrieval in a Porcine Model. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:1106-1112. [PMID: 36444546 PMCID: PMC9760888 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a new robotic endoscopic platform system developed for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) called easyUretero (ROEN Surgical Inc.), we evaluated the feasibility and safety of renal stone retrieval in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six female pigs were used for our in vivo study. First, 0.3-cm-sized phantom stones were inserted into the kidneys of each pig via the ureteral access sheath. Next, renal stone retrieval was attempted using manual RIRS in three pigs and robotic RIRS in three pigs. Three surgeons performed extraction of 10 stones in each session. RESULTS The mean stone retrieval time by manual RIRS was significantly shorter than that by robotic RIRS (399.9±185.4 sec vs. 1127.6±374.5 sec, p=0.001). In contrast, the questionnaire regarding usability showed high satisfaction in the surgeons' fatigue category for surgeons using robotic RIRS. The radiation exposure dose was also lower in robotic RIRS than in manual RIRS (0.14 µSv vs. 45.5 µSv). Postoperative ureteral injury assessment revealed Grade 0 in manual RIRS cases and Grades 0, 1, and 2 in robotic RIRS cases. CONCLUSION The easyUretero system is a new robotic RIRS system that was developed in Korea. The results of the present study suggest that using easyUretero for stone retrieval during RIRS is safe and ergonomic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hae Do Jung
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Joon Moon
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunho Han
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungsik Cheon
- ROEN Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jungmin Han
- ROEN Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Cho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- ROEN Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
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Han H, Kim J, Moon YJ, Jung HD, Cheon B, Han J, Cho SY, Kwon DS, Lee JY. Feasibility of Laser Lithotripsy for Midsize Stones Using Robotic Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery System easyUretero in a Porcine Model. J Endourol 2022; 36:1586-1592. [PMID: 35850514 DOI: 10.1089/end.2022.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To test the safety and feasibility of laser lithotripsy for midsize renal stones using a newly developed robotic retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) system (easyUretero) in a porcine model. Materials and Methods: Three urologic surgeons representing three different RIRS experience levels (beginner, intermediate, and expert) participated. Four female pigs (aged 6 months) underwent manual or robotic RIRS. Under general anesthesia, a nephrostomy tract was created ventrally, and calcium stones (diameter, 1.0-1.5 cm) were inserted at renal calices. For manual RIRS, surgeons operated a flexible ureteroscope. For robotic RIRS, the ureteroscope was attached to the robotic slave device. The Auriga XL™ Holmium laser was used for lithotripsy. Lasering and stone retrieval time were measured. Kidneys and ureters were inspected for injury at the end of each session. Results: For the expert, both lasering and stone retrieval by manual RIRS were quicker than by robotic RIRS (22.8 ± 11.0 s/stone vs 234.5 ± 102.5 s/stone, p = 0.02; 41.5 ± 0.5 s/stone vs 79.3 ± 8.1 s/stone, p = 0.02). For the intermediate and beginner, lasering and stone retrieval times were not significantly different between manual and robotic procedures (127.8 ± 93.2 s/stone vs 284.8 ± 112.3 s/stone, p = 0.08; 86.0 ± 30.5 s/stone vs 84.1 ± 21.4 s/stone, p = 0.92). All stones were removed. Grade 1 ureteral and renal injuries occurred in both manual RIRS and robotic RIRS. Conclusions: The laser lithotripsy using the easyUretero robotic system is safe and feasible in a porcine model, even for less-experienced surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Han
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young Joon Moon
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Do Jung
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byungsik Cheon
- ROEN Surgical, Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jungmin Han
- ROEN Surgical, Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Cho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- ROEN Surgical, Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim H, You JM, Hwang M, Kyung KU, Kwon DS. Sigmoidal Auxiliary Tendon-Driven Mechanism Reinforcing Structural Stiffness of Hyper-Redundant Manipulator for Endoscopic Surgery. Soft Robot 2022; 10:234-245. [PMID: 35763840 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2021.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overtube of an endoscopic surgery robot is fixed when performing tasks, unlike those of commercial endoscopes, and this overtube should have high structural stiffness after reaching the target lesion so that sufficient tension can be applied to the lesion tissue with the surgical tool and there are fewer changes in the field of view of the endoscopic camera from this reaction force. Various methods have been proposed to reinforce the structural stiffnesses of hyper-redundant manipulators. However, the safety, rapid response, space efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of these methods should be considered for use in actual clinical environments, such as the gastrointestinal tract. This study proposed a method to minimize the positional changes of the overtube end tip due to external forces using only auxiliary tendons in the optimized path without additional mechanical structures. Overall, the proposed method involved moving the overtube to the target lesion through the main driving tendon and applying tension to the auxiliary tendons to reinforce the structural stiffness. The complete system was analyzed in terms of energy, and the sigmoidal auxiliary tendons were verified to effectively reinforce the structural stiffness of the overtube consisting of rolling joints. In addition, the design guidelines of the overtube for actual endoscopic surgery were proposed considering hollowness, retroflexion, and high structural stiffness. The positional changes due to external forces were confirmed to be reduced by 60% over the entire workspace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min You
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Hwang
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Kyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DIGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Uk Kyung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Park J, Gwak CH, Kim D, Shin JH, Lim B, Kim J, Cheon B, Han J, Kwon DS, Park HK. The usefulness and ergonomics of a new robotic system for flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for treating renal stones. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:647-655. [DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Park
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Hoon Gwak
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Shin
- Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumjin Lim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jungmin Han
- ROEN Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- ROEN Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Baek D, Nho YH, Kwon DS. ViO-Com: Feed-Forward Compensation Using Vision-Based Optimization for High-Precision Surgical Manipulation. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3123375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kong D, Yang UJ, Kim CK, Ahn J, Kwon DS. Analysis of tendon tension and hysteresis by tendon twisting and development of anti-twist tendon mechanism of robotic surgical instruments. Int J Med Robot 2021; 18:e2357. [PMID: 34962681 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of the joints of robotic surgical instruments is difficult owing to hysteresis, and tendon twisting due to axial rotation of surgical tools also causes hysteresis. Therefore, a new mechanism is needed to prevent tendon twisting. METHODS Tendon tension and hysteresis change were analyzed by observing the movement of the joint depending on whether the tendons twisted for the same input signal. An anti-twist tendon mechanism to prevent twisting was developed. A 3-mm needle driver applied with the proposed mechanism was manufactured. RESULTS The anti-twist mechanism makes no tension change because of twisting or friction between the tendon and the system, i.e., the operating performance was the same regardless of rotation. CONCLUSION The proposed mechanism has been verified and can be applied to small surgical instruments 3 mm in size. These findings can be applied in the development of instruments for precise surgeries such as microsurgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dukyoo Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Je Yang
- EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongdo Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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You JM, Kim H, Kim J, Kwon DS. Design and Analysis of High-Stiffness Hyperredundant Manipulator With Sigma-Shaped Wire Path and Rolling Joints. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3095029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim DS, Yang UJ, Cheon B, Baek D, Kwon DS. A novel encountered-type master device with precise manipulation for robot-assisted microsurgery. Int J Med Robot 2021; 17:e2314. [PMID: 34297469 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unconstrained master devices have emerged as attractive alternatives to the existing linkage-based counterparts. However, the conventional unconstrained master device's manipulation methods have several disadvantages in efficiency and precision. METHODS We propose an encountered-type master device based on an electromagnetic tracking solution with a prismatic joint at the tip, capable of continuous spatial manipulation with the tip supported on the surface. We performed path-following task and pointing tasks to analyze the performance of the master device. RESULTS The most convenient, efficient, accurate positioning and precise pointing were possible with a closed loop support condition. Moreover, the tasks under this condition were also completed with higher accuracy, and precision when applying lower motion scale factors. CONCLUSIONS The proposed master device allowed precise and accurate manipulation for microsurgical tasks. Compared with the conventional unconstrained master devices, the proposed master device provides the ability to perform precise work with a clutching-free motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk Sang Kim
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Truth Hall, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Je Yang
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Truth Hall, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsik Cheon
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Truth Hall, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Baek
- EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Truth Hall, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Truth Hall, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Kim J, You JM, Lee SW, Kyung KU, Kwon DS. Correction to “A Sigmoid-Colon-Straightening Soft Actuator With Peristaltic Motion for Colonoscopy Insertion Assistance: Easycolon” [Apr 21 3577-3584]. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3085355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Kim H, Kim J, You JM, Lee SW, Kyung KU, Kwon DS. A Sigmoid-Colon-Straightening Soft Actuator With Peristaltic Motion for Colonoscopy Insertion Assistance: Easycolon. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3060391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lee DH, Kim YH, Collins J, Kapoor A, Kwon DS, Mansi T. Non-Linear Hysteresis Compensation of a Tendon-Sheath-Driven Robotic Manipulator Using Motor Current. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3057043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Yang UJ, Kim D, Hwang M, Kong D, Kim J, Nho YH, Lee W, Kwon DS. A novel microsurgery robot mechanism with mechanical motion scalability for intraocular and reconstructive surgery. Int J Med Robot 2021; 17:e2240. [PMID: 33599377 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraocular surgery and reconstructive surgery are challenging microsurgery procedures that require two types of motion: precise motion and larger motion. To effectively perform the requisite motion using a robot, it is necessary to develop a manipulator that can adjust the scale of motion between precise motion and less precise, yet larger motion. AIMS In this paper, we propose a novel microsurgery robot using the dual delta structure (DDS) to mechanically scale the motion to seamlessly adjust between precise and larger motion. MATERIALS & METHODS: The DDS forms a lever mechanism that enables the motion scaling at the end-effector using two delta platforms. Seamless scale adjustment enables the robot to effectively perform various surgical moves. RESULTS A prototype robot system was developed to validate the effectiveness of the DDS. The experiment results in various scale settings validated the scaling mechanism of the DDS. CONCLUSION Through a graphical simulation and measurement experiment, the robot's precision level and attainable workspace has been confirmed adequate for intraocular and reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Je Yang
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Duksang Kim
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dukyoo Kong
- EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - JoonHwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - WonKi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Baek D, Seo JH, Kim J, Kwon DS. Hysteresis Compensator With Learning-Based Hybrid Joint Angle Estimation for Flexible Surgery Robots. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2020.2972821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lee DH, Cheon B, Kim J, Kwon DS. easyEndo robotic endoscopy system: Development and usability test in a randomized controlled trial with novices and physicians. Int J Med Robot 2020; 17:1-14. [PMID: 32875670 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some difficulties are common when using endoscopes. Steering is not intuitive, the endoscope weight is a physical burden to physicians and communication problems often occur between operators. METHOD To overcome these, we developed a robotic endoscopy system and conducted a usability test to compare conventional and robotic manipulation. Nine novices and eighteen physicians participated with the physicians being divided into intermediate and expert groups. The participants performed endoscope insertion into a simulator (physicians) or lesion marking on a testbed (novices) and simulate biopsies. RESULT Novices completed the tasks faster and with a lower workload when using robotic manipulation, whereas the experts showed the opposite trend. Still, the intermediates showed no significant difference as trials proceeded. Nevertheless, the learning curve analysis showed that the learning rate in all groups is greater for robotic manipulation (21.02% on average) than for conventional manipulation (13.75%) and predicted that physicians can reach manual performance. CONCLUSION The proposed robotic endoscopy system may allow solo-manipulation using one controller and may be more intuitive and convenient to use than conventional manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Lee
- The Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsik Cheon
- The Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- The Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,EasyEndo Surgical Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Ahn J, Kim J, Lee H, Hwang M, Kwon DS. A highly intuitive and ergonomic redundant joint master device for four-degrees of freedom flexible endoscopic surgery robot. Int J Med Robot 2020; 17:1-14. [PMID: 32794625 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have been conducted on slave-specific master devices with a similar kinematic structure to the slave to enhance intuitiveness. However, for the four-degrees of freedom (DOFs) slave of a flexible endoscopic surgery robot, only four DOFs in the master device causes low ergonomic performance. METHODS To enhance ergonomic performance, a second yaw joint was added as a redundant joint after considering the range of wrist motion and the workspace shape. Three experiments were performed to compare the intuitiveness and ergonomic performance of the proposed device with four-DOFs slave-specific and six-DOFs general-purpose master devices. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in terms of intuitiveness performance between the slave-specific and the general-purposed master device. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in ergonomic performance between the master devices with redundant joint. CONCLUSIONS Compared with a general-purpose master device, the proposed one exhibited noticeably improved intuitiveness performance and comparable ergonomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongdo Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Hwang M, Lee SW, Park KC, Sul HJ, Kwon DS. Evaluation of a robotic arm-assisted endoscope to facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 91:699-706. [PMID: 31751551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is considered technically difficult and challenging using a conventional flexible endoscope, mainly due to the lack of proper countertraction to expose the submucosal dissection plane. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a traction method using a dexterous robotic arm in ex vivo gastric ESD. METHODS ESD was performed in a total of 45 procedures using a portable endoscopic tool handler (PETH) (n = 30) and using the conventional method (n = 15) at various locations in the stomach. For each procedure, the performance data were recorded, including the total procedure time (minutes), incision time (minutes), dissection speed (mm2/minute), and blind dissection rate (%), to enable a comparison of the 2 ESD methods. RESULTS The total procedure time was significantly shorter with PETH-ESD than in conventional ESD (23 vs 36 minutes, P = .011). This result is mainly attributed to the dissection speed, which was significantly faster, by more than 2.5 times, using the PETH (122.3 ± 76.5 vs 47.5 ± 26.9 mm2/minute, P < .001). The blind dissection rate was greatly decreased in PETH-ESD (0 vs 20%, P < .001). There was no significant difference in the incision time (6.1 ± 5.0 vs 5.5 ± 2.9 min, P = .612). CONCLUSIONS The countertraction method using the PETH significantly improved the dissection speed and reduced blind dissection by enhancing direct visualization of the submucosal plane. With the advantages of multidirectional traction, fine tension control, and regrasping, this new device is expected to improve the performance of ESD and further facilitate advanced endoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Han BK, Pyo D, Ryu S, Kim H, Kwon DS. Braille Display for Portable Device Using Flip-Latch Structured Electromagnetic Actuator. IEEE Trans Haptics 2020; 13:59-65. [PMID: 31940550 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2019.2963858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose an electromagnetic-based braille display that can represent two-dimensional information. The key principle is a flip-latch structure, which allows satisfying requirements of both protrusion force for braille recognition and low power consumption. A magnet-inserted flip-latch has an eccentric shape, and is driven by and flips over the protruded voice coil and pushing the braille pin. Then it acts as a latch to lock and maintain the pin protrusion without additional energy consumption. We manufacture braille display modules and arrange them into a braille display with a total of 192 pins (16 columns and 12 rows). The pin-to-pin spacing is 2.5 mm, and the thickness of the display is about 5.5 mm. Each pin can switch states in 5 ms of operating time with 1W of power. In this paper, we describe the design and operating mechanism of the proposed actuator and perform operation tests to obtain stable driving conditions for the display. Finally, applications and limitations of the proposed braille display are analyzed.
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Kim H, Hwang M, Kim J, You JM, Lim CS, Kwon DS. Effect of backlash hysteresis of surgical tool bending joints on task performance in teleoperated flexible endoscopic robot. Int J Med Robot 2019; 16:e2047. [PMID: 31675461 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tendon-sheath mechanism provides flexibility but degrades the task performance of the flexible endoscopic robot because of the inherent backlash hysteresis problem. Previous studies have only focused on reducing backlash hysteresis. The goal of this study is to identify the backlash hysteresis criteria of surgical tool bending joints to maintain efficient surgical performance. METHODS A test platform for a surgical tool has been developed that has initial backlash hysteresis under 5° and can adjust the backlash hysteresis intentionally. Performance variation has been investigated in three bench-top endoscopic tasks in which various backlash hysteresis conditions were intentionally adjusted. RESULTS A clear drop-off in task performance has been observed when the backlash hysteresis of the bending joints was greater than 10° regardless of the type of task and link length. CONCLUSIONS The backlash hysteresis of surgical tool bending joints should be reduced to at least 10° to maintain efficient performance in robotic endoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Joonhwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Min You
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chan-Soon Lim
- Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim CK, Chung DG, Hwang M, Cheon B, Kim H, Kim J, Kwon DS. Three-Degrees-of-Freedom Passive Gravity Compensation Mechanism Applicable to Robotic Arm With Remote Center of Motion for Minimally Invasive Surgery. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2019.2926953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chung DG, Kim J, Baek D, Kim J, Kwon DS. Shape-Locking Mechanism of Flexible Joint Using Mechanical Latch With Electromagnetic Force. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2019.2897006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, various methods using, simultaneously, two types of tactile feedback have been proposed to emulate a real object. However, the possible masking effect when providing two types of tactile feedback has been scarcely reported. In this study, we investigated the masking effect caused by mechanical vibration on the perception of electrovibration. The absolute and difference thresholds of the electrovibration were measured according to the presence/absence, frequency, and intensity of the mechanical vibration. The absolute threshold of electrovibration tended to increase in the form of a ramp function, as the intensity of the masking stimulus (mechanical vibration) increased. Particularly, the masking effect was more remarkable when the frequency of both the target and the masking stimulus was the same (up to 13 dB increase with 25 dB SL masker). Furthermore, the difference in the threshold (average of 1.21 dB) did not significantly change due to the masking stimulus, when the sensation level intensity of the target stimulus was within the section following the Weber’s law. The results further indicated that electrovibration contributes to the activation of slowly adapting afferents as well. This investigation will provide important guidelines for the design of haptic interface that employs multiple types of tactile feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Ryu
- Institute for Integrated Studies, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Pyo
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chul Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SC, Han BK, Kwon DS. Haptic Rendering of 3D Geometry on 2D Touch Surface Based on Mechanical Rotation. IEEE Trans Haptics 2018; 11:140-145. [PMID: 29611812 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2017.2768523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a robotic surface display that physically imitates the orientation of virtual 3D geometry touched through a 2D flat screen. The proposed approach renders the surface orientation of 3D geometry such that users can tactually obtain relative geometric information, which plays a significant role in the process of real-world haptic object perception. Taking advantage of the planar aspect of touch surfaces, the system constructs a rotation matrix to control the pose of a surface with minimal mechanical movements with given partial geometric information (i.e., normal vector at the point of touch). To evaluate the proposed rendering scheme, we conducted a geometric task (two alternative forced choices) with a set of hand-sized cylindrically curved geometries in which participants were asked to identify which of the two surfaces they perceived as being more curved. Curvatures with the same polarities (i.e., convex-convex and concave-concave) were employed in the study and psychometric curves estimated to obtain the threshold of the curvature difference and to validate the proposed rendering scheme. Possible applications of the proposed system and its limitations are also presented.
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Lee H, Cheon B, Hwang M, Kang D, Kwon DS. A master manipulator with a remote-center-of-motion kinematic structure for a minimally invasive robotic surgical system. Int J Med Robot 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Lee
- Mechanical engineering department; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsik Cheon
- Mechanical engineering department; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Hwang
- Mechanical engineering department; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Kang
- Mechanical engineering department; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Mechanical engineering department; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Hwang M, Yang UJ, Kong D, Chung DG, Lim JG, Lee DH, Kim DH, Shin D, Jang T, Kim JW, Kwon DS. A single port surgical robot system with novel elbow joint mechanism for high force transmission. Int J Med Robot 2017; 13. [PMID: 28371219 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its evident clinical benefits, single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) imposes inherent limitations of collision between external arms and inadequate triangulation because multiple instruments are inserted through a single port at the same time. METHODS A robot platform appropriate for SILS was developed wherein an elbowed instrument can be equipped to easily create surgical triangulation without the interference of robot arms. A novel joint mechanism for a surgical instrument actuated by a rigid link was designed for high torque transmission capability. RESULTS The feasibility and effectiveness of the robot was checked through three kinds of preliminary tests: payload, block transfer, and ex vivo test. Measurements showed that the proposed robot has a payload capability >15 N with 7 mm diameter. CONCLUSIONS The proposed robot is effective and appropriate for SILS, overcoming inadequate triangulation and improving workspace and traction force capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Je Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokyoo Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Gyoon Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Gi Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dongsuk Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Taeho Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeong-Whun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Yang TH, Koo JH, Kim SY, Kwon DS. Modeling and test of a kinaesthetic actuator based on MR fluid for haptic applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:035004. [PMID: 28372429 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Haptic display units have been widely used for conveying button sensations to users, primarily employing vibrotactile actuators. However, the human feeling for pressing buttons mainly relies on kinaesthetic sensations (rather than vibrotactile sensations), and little studies exist on small-scale kinaesthetic haptic units. Thus, the primary goals of this paper are to design a miniature kinaesthetic actuator based on Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluid that can convey various button-clicking sensations and to experimentally evaluate its haptic performance. The design focuses of the proposed actuator were to produce sufficiently large actuation forces (resistive forces) for human users in a given size constraint and to offer a wide range of actuation forces for conveying vivid haptic sensations to users. To this end, this study first performed a series of parametric studies using mathematical force models for multiple operating modes of MR fluid in conjunction with finite element electromagnetism analysis. After selecting design parameters based on parametric studies, a prototype actuator was constructed, and its performance was evaluated using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. It measured the actuator's resistive force with a varying stroke (pressed depth) up to 1 mm and a varying input current from 0 A to 200 mA. The results show that the proposed actuator creates a wide range of resistive forces from around 2 N (off-state) to over 9.5 N at 200 mA. In order to assess the prototype's performance in the terms of the haptic application prospective, a maximum force rate was calculated to determine just noticeable difference in force changes for the 1 mm stoke of the actuator. The results show that the force rate is sufficient to mimic various levels of button sensations, indicating that the proposed kinaesthetic actuator can offer a wide range of resistive force changes that can be conveyed to human operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Heon Yang
- Center for Mass and Related Quantities, KRISS, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoi Koo
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, South Korea
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Abstract
This paper addresses both theoretical and experimental studies of the stability and performance of haptic interfaces containing active/passive actuators. Three different realizations of haptic interfaces are introduced to investigate their stability and performance: an active system equipped with a motor; a passive system equipped with a brake; and a hybrid system equipped with both brake and motor. The first objective is to demonstrate that a hybrid system is superior in its stability and performance to an active system via passivity theorem and Z-width. The second objective of this paper is to show that the conditions for the asymptotic stability of haptic interfaces during the static friction display are investigated via the absolute stability theory. Theoretical and experimental results are compared. An alternative haptic interface is proposed that provides its highly stable haptic interaction with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinung An
- Department of Information and Control Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-701 Korea,
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, ME3042 Yusong-Gu, Daejon, 305-701 Korea,
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Abstract
Single-port surgery is a new surgical method performed by inserting several surgical tools and a laparoscope through an umbilical incision. Compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery, the smaller incision in this procedure produces a lower amount of trauma, which leads to shorter hospitalization. However, with the current laparoscopic tools and surgical robots, the surgeon must overcome several difficulties, such as a limited range of motion and collisions between the surgical instruments and the laparoscope. This paper proposes a new surgical robot system for single-port surgery that uses a novel joint mechanism. The proposed joint mechanism is suitable for surgical instruments with multiple degrees of freedom (DOF). Thus, it can prevent hysteresis of the joint and achieve more accurate motion with a large force. A 6-DOF surgical instrument with this joint mechanism can avoid collisions between surgical tools or arms and approach the surgical target more easily than a conventional straight surgical tool. The external arm with 2-DOF passive joints can extend the workspace of the system during surgery. Preliminary tests and validations were performed with a prototype of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ho Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
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Corleis B, Gostic WG, Johnson JA, Kwon DS. Human intestinal beta defensins inhibit viral replication and are diminished in chronic untreated HIV infection. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441618 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Porichis F, Barblu L, Kwon DS, Hart M, Zupkosky J, Freeman GJ, Kavanagh DG, Kaufmann DE. PD-1, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-12 form a network to regulate HIV-1-specific CD4 T Cell and antigen-presenting cell function. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441629 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ince M, Stocchi L, Khomvilai S, Kwon DS, Hammel JP, Kiran RP. Morbidity and mortality of the Hartmann procedure for diverticular disease over 18 years in a single institution. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:e492-8. [PMID: 22356208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study analyses factors associated with morbidity/mortality and possible changes over time. METHOD Patients treated by urgent Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis between 1992 and 2010 were studied, and information was collected on age, sex, perioperative details, 30-day morbidity and mortality recorded in an institutional review board approved database supplemented by chart review. Patients were divided into four groups based on the year of surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality. RESULTS In all, 199 patients (51% female, mean age 65 years, mean body mass index 28 kg/m(2)) were identified. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 4 in 30% of patients and Hinchey Stage IV in 16%. The mean length of stay was 12.5 ± 10 days. Mortality was 15% and did not change significantly over time. Overall morbidity was 52% and significantly increased over time on univariate analysis (P = 0.007) but not on multivariate analysis (P = 0.11). Independent predictors of morbidity on multivariate analysis were Hinchey IV (P < 0.001) and hypoproteinaemia (P = 0.001). Independent predictors for mortality were ASA > 3 (P = 0.01), abnormal creatinine (P = 0.007), steroid use (P = 0.007), Hinchey IV (P = 0.032), low albumin (P < 0.001) and low body mass index (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Mortality after Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis has not decreased during the last 18 years. Morbidity has actually increased over time although this is related to increased disease severity and comorbidity. Future efforts should focus on the identification of patient subgroups benefiting from earlier elective surgery and alternative surgical approaches when perforated diverticulitis does occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ince
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Youn Kim
- a Interactive Virtual Reality Laboratory, School of Internet Media Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Gajeonri 307, Byeong cheon-myeon, Cheon-an, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Ki-Uk Kyung
- b Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute, Gajeongno, Yuseung-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, South Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- c Computer Graphics & Visualization Laboratory, School of Engineering, ICU, Munjiro 119, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-714, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- d Telerobotics & Control Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Guseong-Dong 373-1, Yuseung-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
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Lim SC, Kyung KU, Kwon DS. Presentation of Surface Height Profiles Based on Frequency Modulation at Constant Amplitude Using Vibrotactile Elements. Adv Robot 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/016918611x590292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Chul Lim
- a KAIST, Human Robot Interaction Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Ki-Uk Kyung
- b ETRI, Next Generation Computing Research Department, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-700, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- c KAIST, Human Robot Interaction Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea;,
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Young Ko
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jonathan Kim
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Lee
- c College of Medicine, Yonsei University 134 Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- d Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim SY, Park J, Kwon DS. Real-time haptic rendering of a high-resolution volumetric deformable object in a collaborative virtual environment. Adv Robot 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855305774307022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Hun Yang
- a KAIST, Human–Robot Interaction Research Center, 373-1 Gu-Seong Yu-seong Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- b KAIST, Human–Robot Interaction Research Center, 373-1 Gu-Seong Yu-seong Daejeon, South Korea;,
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Abstract
Two vibrations with slightly different frequencies induce the beats phenomenon. In tactile perception, when two pins of different frequencies stimulate the fingertips, an individual perceives a beats caused by a summation stimulus of the two vibrations. The present study demonstrates experimentally that humans can perceive another vibration based on the beats phenomenon when two tactile stimuli with slightly different frequencies are stimulated on the finger pad with a small contactor in different locations at the same time. Moreover, we examined the amplitude of the detection threshold to be able to perceive beats phenomenon on the index finger with 5 carrier frequency (63.1, 100, 158.5, 251.2, and 398.1 Hz) and 4 beats frequency (2.5, 3.98, 6.31, and 10 Hz) when two stimuli 1 mm distance apart are vibrated at a slightly different frequency. From the experiments, it is concluded that the amplitude threshold to be able to perceive beats decreases as the standard frequency increases under 398 Hz. Furthermore, from comparing the absolute detection threshold and beats detection threshold, as the carrier frequency increases, the required amplitude at two pins for the detection of beats decreases compared to absolute vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Chul Lim
- Human Robot Interaction Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
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Jeon IH, Seok JH, Park IH, Choi JW, Min WK, Kwon DS, Kim HJ, Kim PT. An anatomic study on the junctura tendinum in the 4th intermetacarpal space and its clinical implication. Clin Anat 2009; 23:56-60. [PMID: 19918878 DOI: 10.1002/ca.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report results of anatomic study in the fourth intermetacarpal space, focusing on the pattern of junctura tendinum and variations of extensor tendons of the little finger with its clinical implication on snapping of the little finger. Fifty unpaired cadaveric hands were dissected from the wrist to the middle phalanx of the ring and little fingers. The type of junctura tendinum was judged based on Von Schroder's classification and the relationship with EDC were recorded. EDC to the little finger and EDM were dissected and the numbers were recorded. Forty six hands (92%) exhibited a junctura tendinum in the fourth intermetacarpal space and it was Type III in 42 hands (84%). The EDC-little finger was absent in 76% (38 of 50 hands). When present, EDC-little finger originated most commonly as single thin tendon. The absence of an EDC-little finger was associated with increased incidence of Type III junctura tendinum (37 of 38 hands). An EDM was present in all 50 hands running from the fifth dorsal compartment. Based on these clinical and anatomic studies, we considered that the snapping of the little finger is more likely subluxation of junctura tendinum rather than subluxation/dislocation of EDC of the little finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
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Chevalier M, Pyo A, Jolin JS, Addo M, Kwon DS, Toth I, Walker B, Streeck H. P16-31. Skewed HIV-1-specific CD4+ Th2 helper cell contribution in progressive HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767760 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kwon DS, Angin M, Streeck H, Brockman MA, Tighe D, Pavlik D, Hongo T, Law K, Addo MM, Walker BD, Kaufmann DE. P16-55 LB. The role of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the control of IL-10 mediated T cell impairment in chronic HIV Infection. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767924 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Porichis F, Kwon DS, Tighe DP, Pavlik DF, Kavanagh DG, Freeman GJ, Walker BD, Kaufmann DE. P16-08. Combined blockade of the PD-1 and IL-10 pathways synergistically enhance HIV-specific CD4 T cell functions. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767734 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Most of navigation techniques with obstacle avoidance do not consider the robot orientation at the target position. These techniques deal with the robot position only and are independent of its orientation and velocity. To solve these problems this paper proposes a novel univector field method for fast mobile robot navigation which introduces a normalized two dimensional vector field. The method provides fast moving robots with the desired posture at the target position and obstacle avoidance. To obtain the sub-optimal vector field, a function approximator is used and trained by evolutionary programming. Two kinds of vector fields are trained, one for the final posture acquisition and the other for obstacle avoidance. Computer simulations and real experiments are carried out for a fast moving mobile robot to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Kim
- Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Taejon
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Bien Z, Chung MJ, Chang PH, Kwon DS, Kim DJ, Han JS, Kim JH, Kim DH, Park HS, Kang SH, Lee K, Lim SC. Integration of a Rehabilitation Robotic System (KARES II) with Human-Friendly Man-Machine Interaction Units. Auton Robots 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:auro.0000016864.12513.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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