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Kim AR, Park SY, Kim SS, Lee JY, Jee SH, Kwon D, Kimm H. Factors Influencing Compliance With Social Distancing as a Nonpharmaceutical Intervention Before Vaccine Availability During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in South Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024:10105395241246287. [PMID: 38600733 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241246287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify factors influencing compliance with social distancing, a key nonpharmaceutical intervention during the early stages of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The study population comprised 182 758 Koreans who participated in the 2020 Community Health Survey. Personal characteristics were classified into sociodemographic, health behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and factors associated with social distancing compliance were identified. Health behaviors and psychosocial factors were highly related to compliance with social distancing. Approximately 13% of smokers were less likely to practice physical distancing and 50% of high-risk drinkers were less likely to limit going out or attending gatherings and events. Higher concern about COVID-19 and a more positive perception of the government's response policy were associated with a higher compliance with social distancing. Strategic public health policies considering the characteristics of the public are needed to enhance compliance with nonpharmaceutical interventions during disease outbreaks lacking effective treatments and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ra Kim
- Data Analysis Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Data Analysis Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Sun Kim
- Data Analysis Team, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kimm
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim NY, Ahn S, Kim G, Kwon D, Park YJ, Lee SE. The First Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at an Outdoor Camping Site in South Korea, 2020. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:203-204. [PMID: 37460295 PMCID: PMC10918332 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Kim
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
| | - Seonhee Ahn
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
| | | | - Donghyok Kwon
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
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Kim HK, Park SK, Choe SA, Gwak ES, Cowling BJ, Kim YM, Lee KH, Lee SW, Kwon GY, Jang EJ, Kim RK, Choe YJ, Kwon D. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection following NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 vaccinations in Korean Adults: A population-based observational study. Vaccine 2024; 42:1440-1444. [PMID: 38365479 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
South Korea experienced a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 until the emergence of the omicron in early 2022, triggering a major community epidemic. To evaluate effectiveness of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 vaccines in Korean population, we conducted an observational study utilizing individual-level case data on laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with vaccination record. A total of 47,078 recipients of NVX-CoV2373 vaccine and 7,561 recipients of BNT162b2 vaccine were eligible for the study. Thirty days post-second doses, COVID-19 rates were 7.9% (595 out of 7561) of NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 8.6 % (647 out of 7561) of BNT162b2 recipients experienced COVID-19. NVX-CoV2373 rates increased to 9.8 % and 11.2 % at 60 and 90 days, while BNT162b2 rates were 10.5 % and 11.3 % at the same intervals. The 22-weeks risk ratios for recipients of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine as compared with recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine were 1.11 (95 % CI, 0.99 to 1.25) for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Continued monitoring is essential to evaluate the duration of protection across different vaccine platforms and schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Kim
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea; Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choe
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Gwak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benjamin John Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Young-Man Kim
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kil Hun Lee
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Geun-Yong Kwon
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jang
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ryu Kyung Kim
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, and Allergy and Immunology Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.
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Ryu B, Shin E, Kim DH, Lee H, Choi SY, Kim SS, Kim IH, Kim EJ, Lee S, Jeon J, Kwon D, Cho S. Changes in the intrinsic severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 according to the emerging variant: a nationwide study from February 2020 to June 2022, including comparison with vaccinated populations. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38166696 PMCID: PMC10759357 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the population acquires immunity through vaccination and natural infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), understanding the intrinsic severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is becoming challenging. We aimed to evaluate the intrinsic severity regarding circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 and to compare this between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. METHODS With unvaccinated and initially infected confirmed cases of COVID-19, we estimated the case severity rate (CSR); case fatality rate (CFR); and mortality rate (MR), including severe/critical cases and deaths, stratified by age and compared by vaccination status according to the period regarding the variants of COVID-19 and vaccination. The overall rate was directly standardized with age. RESULTS The age-standardized CSRs (aCSRs) of the unvaccinated group were 2.12%, 5.51%, and 0.94% in the pre-delta, delta, and omicron period, respectively, and the age-standardized CFRs (aCFRs) were 0.60%, 2.49%, and 0.63% in each period, respectively. The complete vaccination group had lower severity than the unvaccinated group over the entire period showing under 1% for the aCSR and 0.5% for the aCFR. The age-standardized MR of the unvaccinated group was 448 per million people per month people in the omicron period, which was 11 times higher than that of the vaccinated group. In terms of age groups, the CSR and CFR sharply increased with age from the 60 s and showed lower risk reduction in the 80 s when the period changed to the omicron period. CONCLUSIONS The intrinsic severity of COVID-19 was the highest in the delta period, with over 5% for the aCSR, whereas the completely vaccinated group maintained below 1%. This implies that when the population is vaccinated, the impact of COVID-19 will be limited, even if a new mutation appears. Moreover, considering the decreasing intrinsic severity, the response to COVID-19 should prioritize older individuals at a higher risk of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyeong Ryu
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Shin
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - HyunJu Lee
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seong-Sun Kim
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Jeon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Disease Research Center, National Medical Center, 245, Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Sungil Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim RK, Choe YJ, Jang EJ, Chae C, Hwang JH, Lee KH, Shim JA, Kwon GY, Lee JY, Park YJ, Lee SW, Kwon D. Comparative Effectiveness of COVID-19 Bivalent Versus Monovalent mRNA Vaccines in the Early Stage of Bivalent Vaccination in Korea: October 2022 to January 2023. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e396. [PMID: 38013649 PMCID: PMC10681846 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective observational matched-cohort study of 2,151,216 individuals from the Korean coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness cohort aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the COVID-19 bivalent versus monovalent vaccines in providing additional protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, critical infection, and death in Korea. METHODS Among individuals, those vaccinated with COVID-19 bivalent vaccines were matched in a 1:1 ratio with those who were vaccinated with monovalent vaccines (bivalent vaccines non-recipients) during the observation period. We fitted a time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of COVID-19 outcomes for infection, critical infection, and death, and we defined vaccine effectiveness (VE) as 1-HR. RESULTS Compared with the bivalent vaccination group, the incidence proportions in the monovalent vaccination group were approximately three times higher for infection, nine times higher for critical infection, and 11 times higher for death. In the early stage of bivalent vaccination, relative VE of bivalent vaccine against monovalent vaccine was 42.4% against SARS-CoV-2 infection, 81.3% against critical infection, and 85.3% against death. In addition, VE against critical infection and death according to the elapsed period after bivalent vaccination was maintained at > 70%. CONCLUSION The bivalent booster dose provided additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections, critical infections, and deaths during the omicron variant phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Kyung Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Korea University Anam Hospital and Allergy and Immunology Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jang
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chungman Chae
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Hwang
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kil Hun Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Ae Shim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Geun-Yong Kwon
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.
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Chae C, Kim RK, Jang EJ, Shim JA, Park E, Lee KH, Hong SL, Aziz AB, Tadesse BT, Marks F, Tak S, Lee S, Kwon D. Comparing the effectiveness of bivalent and monovalent COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19 infection during the winter season of 2022-2023: A real-world retrospective observational matched cohort study in the Republic of Korea. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 135:95-100. [PMID: 37572956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of bivalent and monovalent COVID-19 vaccines throughout the 2022-2023 winter season based on real-world data. METHODS This retrospective observational matched cohort study used the national vaccination program and a surveillance dataset from the Republic of Korea, and included adults aged >18 years who received bivalent or monovalent COVID-19 vaccines between October 11, 2022, and December 17, 2022. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio for COVID-19 infection between the groups. RESULTS We included 29,245 matched individuals in the bivalent and monovalent vaccine groups, respectively. The bivalent vaccine recipients showed 12.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.5-17.7%) additional protection against COVID-19 infection compared with the monovalent vaccine recipients. The additional protection provided by bivalent vaccines was significantly higher among residents of long-term care facilities (39.4%, 95% CI 21.6-53.1%). Maximum additional protection was observed 3 to 4 months after completing the vaccination (17.6%, 95% CI 6.6-27.3%). CONCLUSION Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines showed significantly better protection against infection than monovalent vaccines among adults during the 2022-2023 winter season. Our results highlight that immunization programs with bivalent vaccines comprising recent variants can be an effective measure to prepare for seasonal COVID-19 circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungman Chae
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ryu Kyung Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jang
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Shim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Park
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Hun Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sye Lim Hong
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Sangwoo Tak
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Choi SY, Ryu B, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Shin E, Kim SS, Kwon D. Risk Factors for Sudden Death Within 2 Days After Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e214. [PMID: 37431542 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze the risk factors for sudden death after diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea and to provide evidence for informing prevention and control interventions for patients at risk of sudden death. METHODS We included 30,302 COVID-19 related deaths registered in the patient management information system (Central Disease Control Headquarters) between January 1, 2021, and December 15, 2022. We collected their epidemiological data recorded by the reporting city, province, or country. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for sudden death after diagnosis of COVID-19. RESULTS Among the 30,302 deaths, there were 7,258 (24.0%) and 23,044 (76.0%) sudden and non-sudden deaths, respectively. Sudden death means a person who died within 2 days of diagnosis and who did not receive inpatient treatment. Underlying condition, vaccination status, and place of death were significantly associated with the survival period in all age groups. Moreover, region, sex, and prescription were significantly associated with the survival period only in certain age groups. However, reinfection was not significantly associated with the survival period in any age group. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study on the risk factors for sudden death after a diagnosis of COVID-19, which included age, underlying condition, vaccination status, and place of death. Additionally, individuals aged < 60 years without an underlying condition were at high risk for sudden death. However, this group has relatively low interest in health, as can be seen from the high non-vaccination rate (16.1% of the general population vs. 61.6% of the corresponding group). Therefore, there is a possibility for the presence of an uncontrolled underlying disease in this population. In addition, many sudden deaths occurred due to delayed hospital visits to continue economic activities even after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms (7 days overall vs. 10 days average for the group). In conclusion, 'continued interest in health' is a key factor in avoiding sudden death in the economically active group (under 60 years of age).
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Choi
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Bureau of Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Boyeong Ryu
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Bureau of Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Division of Healthcare Safety and immunization, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwii Kim
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eunjeong Shin
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Bureau of Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seong-Sun Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Bureau of Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Bureau of Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.
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Kim Y, Yang SC, Jang J, Park SY, Kim SS, Kim C, Kwon D, Lee SW. COVID-19 Cases and Deaths among Healthcare Personnel with the Progression of the Pandemic in Korea from March 2020 to February 2022. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:308. [PMID: 37368726 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare personnel (HCP) are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection due to their higher risk of contact with infected persons. The numbers of cases and deaths among HCP in Korea were divided into four periods associated with different major variants of SARS-CoV-2: GH clade, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. To evaluate the implication of HCP infection in Korea, we overviewed the pandemic status in Korea and in other countries: the cases, deaths, excess mortality, and vaccination rates in Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In about two years, there were 10,670 HCP cases among all COVID-19 cases (1.15% of 925,975 cases). HCP cases had a lower death rate (%) compared to that for all cases (0.14 versus 0.75). Nurses were the most infected (55.3%), followed by HCP of other categories (28.8%) and doctors (15.9%), while deaths were mostly reported among doctors (9 out of 15, 60%). Cases among HCP gradually increased, but the death rate decreased as the pandemic progressed. Compared to five of the other countries examined, Korea had a higher incidence of cases but a lower mortality, lower excess mortality, and a higher vaccination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Yang
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwa Jang
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Sun Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansoo Kim
- AI/R Lab, AI-Robot Department, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- AI/R Lab, Computational Science Center & ASSIST, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
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Ahn S, Son TJ, Jang Y, Choi J, Park YJ, Seong J, Kwon HH, Kim MJ, Kwon D. Vaccine effectiveness and the epidemiological characteristics of a COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary hospital in Republic of Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:188-196. [PMID: 37415436 PMCID: PMC10522825 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare facilities are high-risk sites for infection. This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a tertiary hospital after COVID-19 vaccination had been introduced in Republic of Korea. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) and shared anti-infection strategies are also assessed. METHODS The risk levels for 4,074 contacts were evaluated. The epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases were evaluated using the chi-square test. The "1 minus relative risk" method was used to determine VE in preventing infection, progression to severe disease, and death. In the largest affected area (the 8th floor), a separate relative risk analysis was conducted. A multivariate logistic regression analysis (with 95% confidence interval [CIs]) was used to identify transmission risk factors with a significance level <10% via the backward elimination method. RESULTS In total, 181 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, with an attack rate of 4.4%. Of those cases, 12.7% progressed to severe disease, and 8.3% died. In the cohort isolation area on the 8th floor, where 79.0% of the confirmed cases occurred, the adjusted odds ratio was 6.55 (95% CI, 2.99-14.33) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.24-3.88) for caregivers and the unvaccinated group, respectively. VE analysis revealed that 85.8% of the cases that progressed to severe disease and 78.6% of the deaths could be prevented by administering a second vaccine. CONCLUSION Caregiver training for infection prevention and control is necessary to reduce infection risk. Vaccination is an important intervention to reduce the risk of progression to severe disease and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhee Ahn
- Division of Infectious Disease Response, Gyeongbuk Regional Disease Response Center, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jong Son
- Division of Infectious Disease Response, Gyeongbuk Regional Disease Response Center, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Jang
- Division of Infectious Disease Response, Gyeongbuk Regional Disease Response Center, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Choi
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Park
- Epidemiological Investigation Team, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Seong
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Daegu Metropolitan City Hall, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muk Ju Kim
- Department of Infectious Disease, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Kwon D, Park S, Park SR, Chung D, Ha J. Temporal association between the age-specific incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Republic of Korea: a nationwide time-series correlation study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:224-231. [PMID: 37415440 PMCID: PMC10522829 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) changed significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Emerging reports suggest that viral vector-based vaccines may be associated with an elevated risk of GBS. METHODS In this nationwide time-series correlation study, we examined the age-specific incidence of GBS from January 2011 to August 2022, as well as data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations and infections from February 2021 to August 2022. We compared the forecasted estimates of age-specific GBS incidence, using the pre-SARS-CoV-2 period as a benchmark, with the actual incidence observed during the post-vaccination period of the pandemic. Furthermore, we assessed the temporal association between GBS, SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and COVID-19 for different age groups. RESULTS In the age group of 60 and older, the rate ratio was significantly elevated during June-August and November 2021. A significant, strong positive association was observed between viral vector-based vaccines and GBS incidence trends in this age group (r=0.52, p=0.022). For the 30 to 59 years age group, the rate ratio was notably high in September 2021. A statistically significant, strong positive association was found between mRNA-based vaccines and GBS incidence in this age group (r=0.61, p=0.006). CONCLUSION Viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were found to be temporally associated with an increased risk of GBS, particularly in older adults. To minimize age-specific and biological mechanism-specific adverse events, future vaccination campaigns should adopt a more personalized approach, such as recommending homologous mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for older adults to reduce the heightened risk of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoncheol Park
- Department of Mathematics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ri Park
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Darda Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmok Ha
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yeoncheon Public Medical Center, Yeoncheon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kim NY, Kim SS, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Ryu B, Shin E, Kwon D. Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:89-99. [PMID: 37183329 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to classify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths according to whether COVID-19 was listed as the cause of death, and to investigate the differences in demographic characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 death classifications. METHODS A total of 5,625 deaths in South Korea among patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were selected. Excluding false reports and unnatural deaths, 5,597 deaths were analyzed. Based on death report data, deaths were classified according to whether the cause of death was listed as COVID-19 (CD) or not (NCD). The epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths were investigated using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to analyze the risk factors. RESULTS The case fatality ratio was 0.89% and increased with age. Additionally, 96.4% of the subjects had an underlying disease, and 53.4% died in winter. The proportion of NCDs was 9.3%, of whom 19.1% died at home and 39.0% were confirmed to have COVID-19 after death. Malignant neoplasms (102/416 vs. 637/4,442; OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.36-2.16; p<0.001) were significantly associated with NCD. CONCLUSION This is the first study to analyze risk factors by cause of death using COVID-19 death report data in South Korea. These results are expected to be used as evidence for establishing a death monitoring system that can collect timely information in a new infectious disease pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Kim
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Sun Kim
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeong Ryu
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Shin
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Shin E, Choe YJ, Ryu B, Kim NY, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Kim SS, Kwon D, Yun KW, Park SE, Choi EH, Lee S, Lee H. Pediatric Deaths Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e21. [PMID: 36647219 PMCID: PMC9842489 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As of September 3, 2022, 5,388,338 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 46 deaths (3 in 2021 and 43 in 2022) were reported in children ≤ 18 years in Korea. Cumulative confirmed cases accounted for 67.3% of the population aged ≤ 18 years and case fatality rate was 0.85/100,000. Among 46 fatal cases, 58.7% were male and median age was 7 years. Underlying diseases were present in 47.8%; neurologic diseases (63.6%) and malignancy (13.6%) most common. Only four had history of COVID-19 immunization. COVID-19 associated deaths occurred at median 2 days from diagnosis (range: -1 to 21). Among COVID-19 deaths, 41.3% occurred before admission; 2 before hospital arrival and 17 in the emergency department. Among children whose cause was documented, myocarditis, respiratory and multiorgan failure were most common. COVID-19 associated death was seen early after diagnosis in children and public health policies to provide access to medical care for children with COVID-19 are essential during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Shin
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyeong Ryu
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Na-Young Kim
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seong-Sun Kim
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Eun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Data Analysis Team, Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis Task Force, Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Lee H, Heo N, Kwon D, Ha J. Deciphering changes in the incidence of the Guillain-Barré syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide time-series correlation study. BMJ Neurol Open 2022; 4:e000378. [PMID: 36618976 PMCID: PMC9808757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2022-000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postinfectious autoimmunity is a hallmark of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and GBS incidence closely parallels that of its immune triggers. Sociobehavioural interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have altered the infectious disease landscape. Methods This nationwide time-series correlation study analysed GBS incidence, sentinel surveillance and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination data from January 2017 to December 2021 in the National Health Insurance Service and Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency databases. The incidence of GBS and sentinel gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious diseases during the pandemic (2020-2021) was estimated and compared with both prepandemic (2017-2019) and incidence predicted in a time-series forecasting model. Time-series correlation analysis was used to examine the temporal association between GBS, infectious triggers and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Results During the pandemic, the total crude cumulative incidence rate was 2.1 per 100 000 population, which is lower than the prepandemic incidence, especially in age groups of less than 60 years. Seasonality was briefly interrupted during the winter of 2021. The majority of respiratory and some gastrointestinal conditions had a lower-than-expected incidence during the pandemic. Compared with the prepandemic state, during the pandemic period a higher number of gastrointestinal pathogens (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica and enteric adenovirus) had significant, moderate-to-strong positive temporal associations with GBS. The temporal association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and GBS was not significant, but SARS-CoV-2 vaccination exhibited a strong positive temporal association with GBS in 2021. Conclusion The incidence of GBS and sentinel infectious diseases decreased to below-expected levels during the pandemic, with the former attributable to the decreased incidence of non-COVID-19 respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The evolving incidence of autoimmune postinfectious phenomena following the pandemic needs attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Lee
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Namwoo Heo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Jongmok Ha
- Infectious Disease Control Center, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea,Department of Neurology, Yeoncheon-gun Health Medical center, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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14
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Graf GH, Li X, Kwon D, Belsky DW, Widom CS. Biological aging in maltreated children followed up into middle adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105848. [PMID: 35779342 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity has been linked to many indicators of shorter healthy lifespan, including earlier onset of disease and disability as well as early mortality. These observations suggest the hypothesis that childhood maltreatment may accelerate aging. OBJECTIVE To characterize the relationship between childhood maltreatment and accelerated biological aging in a prospective cohort of 357 individuals with documented cases of childhood maltreatment and 250 controls matched on demographic and socioeconomic factors. METHODS Cases were drawn from juvenile and adult court records from the years 1967 through 1971 in a large Midwest metropolitan geographic area. Cases were defined as having court-substantiated cases of childhood physical or sexual abuse, or neglect occurring at age 11 or younger. Controls were selected from the same schools and hospitals of birth and matched on age, sex, race, and approximate socioeconomic status. We compared biological aging in these two groups using two blood-chemistry algorithms, the Klemera-Doubal method Biological Age (KDM BA) and the PhenoAge. Algorithms were developed and validated in data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) using published methods and publicly available software. RESULTS Participants (55% women, 49% non-White) had mean age of 41 years (SD=4). Those with court substantiated childhood maltreatment history exhibited more advanced biological aging as compared with matched controls, although this difference was statistically different for only the KDM BA measure (KDM BA Cohen's D=0.20, 95% CI=[0.03,0.36], p = 0.02; PhenoAge Cohen's D=0.09 95% CI=[-0.08,0.25], p = 0.296). In subgroup analyses, maltreatment effect sizes were larger for women as compared to men and for White participants as compared to non-White participants, although these differences were not statistically significant at the α= 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE As of midlife, effects of childhood maltreatment on biological aging are small in magnitude but discernible. Interventions to treat psychological and behavioral sequelae of exposure to childhood maltreatment, including in midlife adults, have potential to protect survivors from excess burden of disease, disability, and mortality in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Graf
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - X Li
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, USA; Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - D Kwon
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - C S Widom
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, USA; Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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Deshmukh P, De Kouchkovsky I, Zhang L, Jindal T, Reyes K, Hernandez Romero E, Chan E, Desai A, Borno H, Kwon D, Wong A, Bose R, Aggarwal R, Porten S, Fong L, Small E, Chou J, Friedlander T, Koshkin V. 1751P Impact of squamous histology on clinical outcomes and molecular profiling in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients (pts) treated with newer therapies. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Jindal T, Han H, Deshmukh P, De Kouchkovsky I, Kwon D, Borno H, Koshkin V, Desai A, Bose R, Chou J, Friedlander T, Small E, Angelidakis A, Johnson M, Feng S, Patnaik A, Fong L, Alumkal J, Aggarwal R. 1404P A phase II study of ZEN-3694 (ZEN), enzalutamide (ENZ), and pembrolizumab (P) in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Interim safety results. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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17
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Aggarwal R, Trihy L, Hernandez Romero E, Luch Sam S, Rastogi M, De Kouchkovsky I, Small E, Feng F, Kwon D, Friedlander T, Borno H, Bose R, Chou J, Koshkin V, Desai A, Feng S, Angelidakis A, Johnson M, Fong L, Hope T. 1379P A phase Ib study of a single priming dose of 177Lu-PSMA-617 coupled with pembrolizumab in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Ko Y, Mendoza VM, Mendoza R, Seo Y, Lee J, Lee J, Kwon D, Jung E. Multi-Faceted Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemic in Korea Considering Omicron Variant: Mathematical Modeling-Based Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e209. [PMID: 35790210 PMCID: PMC9259245 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most recent variant of concern, omicron (B.1.1.529), has caused numerous cases worldwide including the Republic of Korea due to its fast transmission and reduced vaccine effectiveness. METHODS A mathematical model considering age-structure, vaccine, antiviral drugs, and influx of the omicron variant was developed. We estimated transmission rates among age groups using maximum likelihood estimation for the age-structured model. The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs; in community and border), quantified by a parameter μ in the force of infection, and vaccination were examined through a multi-faceted analysis. A theory-based endemic equilibrium study was performed to find the manageable number of cases according to omicron- and healthcare-related factors. RESULTS By fitting the model to the available data, the estimated values of μ ranged from 0.31 to 0.73, representing the intensity of NPIs such as social distancing level. If μ < 0.55 and 300,000 booster shots were administered daily from February 3, 2022, the number of severe cases was forecasted to exceed the severe bed capacity. Moreover, the number of daily cases is reduced as the timing of screening measures is delayed. If screening measure was intensified as early as November 24, 2021 and the number of overseas entrant cases was contained to 1 case per 10 days, simulations showed that the daily incidence by February 3, 2022 could have been reduced by 87%. Furthermore, we found that the incidence number in mid-December 2021 exceeded the theory-driven manageable number of daily cases. CONCLUSION NPIs, vaccination, and antiviral drugs influence the spread of omicron and number of severe cases in the Republic of Korea. Intensive and early screening measures during the emergence of a new variant is key in controlling the epidemic size. Using the endemic equilibrium of the model, a formula for the manageable daily cases depending on the severity rate and average length of hospital stay was derived so that the number of severe cases does not surpass the severe bed capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Ko
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Victoria May Mendoza
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Renier Mendoza
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Yubin Seo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonggul Lee
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eunok Jung
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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Shim E, Choi W, Kwon D, Kim T, Song Y. Transmission potential of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea: From November 25, 2020 to January 8, 2022. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac248. [PMID: 35855956 PMCID: PMC9129224 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study indicates sustained transmission (effective reproduction number, 1.3; serial interval, 4.2 days; regional doubling times, 3.3–11.4 days) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant (N = 2351) in South Korea (25 November 2021–8 January 2022), implicating insufficient protection through vaccination and supporting nonpharmaceutical control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Shim
- Department of Mathematics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongyeong Choi
- Department of Mathematics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Song
- Department of Mathematics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim JM, Rhee JE, Yoo M, Kim HM, Lee NJ, Woo SH, Jo HJ, Kwon D, Lee S, Yoo CK, Kim EJ. Increase in Viral Load in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in the Republic of Korea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819745. [PMID: 35308391 PMCID: PMC8928404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly, causing in COVID-19 being declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The key variants include alpha, beta, gamma, and delta; these exhibit high viral transmission, pathogenicity, and immune evasion mechanisms. The delta variant, first confirmed in India, was detected in the majority of COVID-19 patients at the recent wave in the Republic of Korea. Here, the features of the delta variant were compared to the earlier waves, with focus on increased transmissibility. The viral load, from the initial days of infection to 14 days later, was compared based on epidemiological data collected at the time of confirmed diagnosis. The increased viral load observed in the delta variant-led infections influences the scale of the wave, owing to the increased rate of transmission. Infections caused by the delta variant increases the risk of hospitalization within 14 days after symptom onset, and the high viral load correlates with COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the future studies should compare the trend of disease severity caused by the high viral load of delta variant with previous waves and analyze the vaccine effects in light of the delta variant of fourth wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Jee Eun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Myeongsu Yoo
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sang Hee Woo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Jo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
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21
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Mun KH, Jang H, Jeong H, Choi J, Lee JW, Kim AR, Kim SH, Kim SS, Kwon D, Minn D, Park Q. Comparison of the Prevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 9954 Recruits in the Korean Army Training Center with the General Korean Population of Equivalent Age Between September and November, 2020. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e934926. [PMID: 35505583 PMCID: PMC9083215 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be a useful tool when studying spread of the disease. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 9954 recruits in the Korean Army Training Center with the general Korean population age <30 years between September and November, 2020. Material/Methods At the Korean Army Training Center, samples were taken from 9954 men from September to November, 2020. Participants were randomly enlisted healthy adult men. The data were compared with 4,205,265 samples from the Korean general population. Men age <30 years were used, as this is similar to the age range of the military recruits. Results Among military recruits, 31 subjects (0.31%) were positive for the antibody, while the Korean male population had 3757 (0.09%) positive individuals. Among these 31 men, 13 were previously diagnosed by PCR, while 18 (58.06%) had no history related to the disease. Positive military recruits were mostly from 2 regional clusters. The first cluster was Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas (1.97% and 0.80%, respectively), which had an outbreak in March, 2020. The second cluster was Gyeonggi and Seoul, or capital areas (0.23% and 0.20%, respectively), which currently has high PCR positivity. Overall, seroprevalence was 3.49 times higher in study subjects. Conclusions The high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 between September and November 2020 in a densely populated military academy in Korea may have been an indicator for the resulting outbreak of COVID-19 in winter 2020–21, which highlights the importance of asymptomatic spread from the young and healthy to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Mun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Injae University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Haebong Jang
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Armed Forces Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Responses Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Qyuen Park
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Armed Force Medical Science Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim AR, Minn D, Kim S, Do H, Kim BB, Choi YS, Kim DH, Oh EJ, Oh K, Kwon D, Kwon JW, Kim SS, Lee J. Seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in community based on participants in the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022028. [PMID: 35209706 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a nationwide cross-sectional surveillance system that assesses the health and nutritional status of the Korean population. To evaluate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community, we investigated the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the sera of KNHANES participants. Methods The subjects were recruited between April 24, 2020, and December 12, 2020. A total of 5,284 subjects aged 10-90 years from 17 regions participated in the survey. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were screened using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Positive samples were verified using four different SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and the plaque reduction neutralizing test (PRNT). The final seropositivity criteria were defined as a positive screening test and at least one positive out of the five additional tests. Results The distribution of survey participants was as follows: 49.2% (2,600/5,284) were from a metropolitan area, 48.9% were middle-aged (in their 40s and 60s) and 19.3% were in their 20s or younger. The seropositivity rate among the participants was 0.09% (5/5,284). Out of the five antibody-positive subjects, three had a history of infection, of whom, two were infected abroad while one was infected through a local cluster outbreak. Conclusion The low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in Korea indicates the fewer COVID-19 patients due to succeed of COVID-19 management measures. Moreover, asymptomatic infections were also detected fewer due to active PCR testing. However, hidden infections may still be prevalent in the community, thus requiring continuous quarantine and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ra Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Medical Director for Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - SuHwan Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - HyeonNam Do
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Brian Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Young Sill Choi
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department to Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Responses Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Jun-Wook Kwon
- National Institute of Health (NIH), Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), CheongJu, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Junewoo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
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Jang J, Hwang MJ, Kim YY, Park SY, Yoo M, Kim SS, Lee S, Kwon D. Epidemiological Characteristics and Transmission Patterns of COVID-19 Cases Among Children and Adolescents Aged 0–18 Years in South Korea. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:219-227. [PMID: 35173498 PMCID: PMC8841663 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s338121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwa Jang
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jae Hwang
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Yeon Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongsu Yoo
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Sun Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Director General for Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Donghyok Kwon, Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, OsongSaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-43-719-7730, Fax +82-43-719-7749, Email
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24
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Hwang MJ, Park SY, Yoon TH, Jang J, Lee SY, Yoo M, Kim YY, Cheong HK, Kwon D, Kim JH. Effect of socioeconomic disparities on the risk of COVID-19 in 8 metropolitan cities in the Korea: a community-based study. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022107. [PMID: 36397241 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Socioeconomic disparities have been reported as major risk factors contributing to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the community level. We conducted an epidemiological study on COVID-19 incidence risk using area-based deprivation indices (DIs) reflecting the characteristics of the susceptible population. METHODS A database of the confirmed COVID-19 cases in 8 metropolitan cities in Korea from January 20, 2020 to December 31, 2021 was combined with area-based DI scores and standardized prevalence rates of diabetes and hypertension from the Korean Community Health Survey. Relative risk (RR) levels were estimated using a generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution by age group. RESULTS The risk of COVID-19 incidence generally increased with increasing age, especially in patients aged ≥75 years. The RR of COVID-19 incidence per interquartile range increment of the composite deprivation index (composite DI) was 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 1.70). Notably, in the first wave, the risk of COVID-19 incidence was approximately 3 times higher in the region with the lowest socioeconomic status than in the region with the highest status (RR, 3.08; 95% CI, 2.42 to 3.78 based on the the composite DI and RR, 3.13; 95% CI, 2.53 to 3.83 based on the social deprivation index). CONCLUSIONS This study provides scientific evidence that socioeconomic deprivation is an important risk factor for the spread of COVID-19. This finding suggests that a mid-term to long-term strategy is needed to protect susceptible populations and reduce the burden of COVID-19 in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jae Hwang
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jinhwa Jang
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Lee
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myeongsu Yoo
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yoo-Yeon Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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25
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Chuong M, Kirsch C, Herrera R, Rubens M, Gungor G, Schaff E, Dolan J, Kim J, Mittauer K, Kotecha R, Gutierrez A, Doemer A, Ugurluer G, Kwon D, Khan G, Alvarez D, Ucar A, Asbun H, Ozyar E, Parikh P. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Outcomes of 5-Fraction Ablative Stereotactic MR-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy (SMART) for Inoperable Pancreas Cancer With Median Prescribed Biologically Effective Dose of 100 Gy10. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Khakoo N, Levy M, Uribe LP, Wang J, Kuker R, Kwon D, Dooley S, Portelance L, Azzam G, Isrow D, Wolfson A. The Predictive Value of Post-Treatment PET-CT Imaging for Patients With Curable Anal Canal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Peters V, Gurayah A, Kwon D, Zhao W, Jin W, Patel N, Markoe A, Correa Z, Studenski M, Harbour J, Samuels S. Clinical Characteristics and Post-Operative Complications as Predictors of Radiation Toxicity After Treatment With I125 Eye Plaque Brachytherapy for Uveal Melanomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Soni Y, Rich B, Kwon D, Zhao W, John D, Seldon C, Benjamin C, Benveniste R, Komotar R, Prieto P, Fuente MDL, Azzam G, Mellon E, Diwanji T. Disparities in Use of Salvage Whole Brain Radiation Therapy vs. Salvage Stereotactic Radiosurgery After Initial Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Gurayah A, Peters V, Kwon D, Zhao W, Jin W, Patel N, Markoe A, Correa Z, Studenski M, Harbour J, Samuels S. Predictors of Outcomes in Iodine-125 Brachytherapy-Treated Uveal Melanomas: A Modern Institutional Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Delgadillo R, Spieler B, Deana A, Ford J, Kwon D, Yang F, Studenski M, Padgett K, Abramowitz M, Pra A, Stoyanova R, Dogan N. Cone Beam CT Based Delta-Radiomics of Prostate Cancer Patients and Their Correlation to Quality of Life, Genitourinary and Gastrointestinal Toxicities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Kim C, Kim YM, Heo N, Park E, Choi S, Jang S, Kim N, Kwon D, Park YJ, Choi B, Ha B, Jung K, Park C, Park S, Lee H. COVID-19 Outbreak in a Military Unit in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021065. [PMID: 34525497 PMCID: PMC8689117 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents the response of a military unit to the COVID-19 outbreak in Gyeonggi Province. As soon as two soldiers were identified as index cases, the infectious disease investigators of the Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Armed Forces Epidemiologic Investigation Center, discussed the investigation and response plan for an imminent massive outbreak. METHODS The joint immediate response team (IRT) conducted interviews with confirmed patients with COVID-19, reviewed medical records, performed contact tracing using global positioning system (GPS), and undertook a field investigation. For risk assessment, the joint IRT visited all eight sites of the military units and the army chaplain's church to evaluate the transmission risk of each site. The evaluation items included the size of the site, the use of air conditioning, whether windows were opened, and whether masks were worn. A pooled testing was used for a low-risk population to quickly detect the spread of COVID-19 in the military base. RESULTS A day before the symptom onset of the index case, the lecturer and >50% of the attendees were infected with COVID-19 while attending a lecture that lasted 2 h and 30 min. Attendees were not wearing masks and were in a poorly ventilated room. CONCLUSION Since the disease can be spread before symptom onset, contact tracing must be performed to investigate potential exposures prior to symptom onset and manage any exposed persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Kim
- Infectious Disease Control Center, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Man Kim
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Namwoo Heo
- Infectious Disease Control Center, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunjung Park
- Infectious Disease Control Center, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sojin Choi
- Infectious Disease Control Center, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sehyuk Jang
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Central Disease Control Headquarters, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Byeongseop Choi
- Republic of Korea Armed Forces Medical Command, Korea Army, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beomman Ha
- Republic of Korea Army Headquarters, Korea Army, Gyerong, Korea
| | - Kyounghwa Jung
- Republic of Korea Army Headquarters, Korea Army, Gyerong, Korea
| | - Changbo Park
- Republic of Korea Armed Forces Epidemiologic Investigation Center, Korea Army, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sejin Park
- Republic of Korea Armed Forces Medical Command, Korea Army, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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32
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Kim Y, Kim EJ, Lee SW, Kwon D. Review of the early reports of the epidemiological characteristics of the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread worldwide. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:139-148. [PMID: 34218651 PMCID: PMC8256300 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The variant B.1.1.7 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the RNA virus causing the pandemic more than a year worldwide, was reported from United Kingdom (UK) in late December 2020. It was reported that mortality increases by 65% and transmissibility increases by 70%, which may result in an increase of reproduction number to 1.13-1.55 from 0.75-0.85. To analyze the global increasing trend of the variant B.1.1.7, we extracted results of B.1.1.7 from GISAID on May 11 and May 12, 2021, and conducted a doseresponse regression. It took 47 days to reach 20% and 121 days to reach 50% among the sequence submitted from UK. In Korea, cases of B.1.1.7 have increased since the first report of three cases on December 28, 2020. Positive rate of B.1.1.7 in Korea was 21.6% in the week from May 9 to May 15, 2021. Detection rate of the variants is expected to increase further and new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging, so a close monitoring and control would be maintained for months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Director General for Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
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Ko Y, Lee J, Kim Y, Kwon D, Jung E. COVID-19 Vaccine Priority Strategy Using a Heterogenous Transmission Model Based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation in the Republic of Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6469. [PMID: 34203821 PMCID: PMC8296292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The vaccine supply is likely to be limited in 2021 due to constraints in manufacturing. To maximize the benefit from the rollout phase, an optimal strategy of vaccine allocation is necessary based on each country's epidemic status. (2) Methods: We first developed a heterogeneous population model considering the transmission matrix using maximum likelihood estimation based on the epidemiological records of individual COVID-19 cases in the Republic of Korea. Using this model, the vaccine priorities for minimizing mortality or incidence were investigated. (3) Results: The simulation results showed that the optimal vaccine allocation strategy to minimize the mortality (or incidence) was to prioritize elderly and healthcare workers (or adults) as long as the reproductive number was below 1.2 (or over 0.9). (4) Conclusion: Our simulation results support the current Korean government vaccination priority strategy, which prioritizes healthcare workers and senior groups to minimize mortality, under the condition that the reproductive number remains below 1.2. This study revealed that, in order to maintain the current vaccine priority policy, it is important to ensure that the reproductive number does not exceed the threshold by concurrently implementing nonpharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Ko
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Yeonju Kim
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (Y.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (Y.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Eunok Jung
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
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Jang M, Seong S, Jung J, Kwon D, Lee K, Park J, Suh K. 648 Dermoscopic findings and HPV genotypes of genital keratotic lesions: Bowenoid papulosis, seborrheic keratosis, and condyloma acuminatum. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Dawar R, Gawri K, Rodriguez E, Thammineni V, Saul E, Lima Filho JO, Dempsey N, Khan K, Torres T, Kwon D, Lopes G. P01.09 Improved Outcomes With Ramucirumab & Docetaxel in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of Immunotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Park AK, Kim IH, Kim J, Kim JM, Kim HM, Lee CY, Han MG, Rhie GE, Kwon D, Nam JG, Park YJ, Gwack J, Lee NJ, Woo S, No JS, Lee J, Ha J, Rhee J, Yoo CK, Kim EJ. Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: Distribution of Clades in the Republic of Korea in 2020. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:37-43. [PMID: 33659153 PMCID: PMC7899228 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since a novel beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019, there has been a rapid global spread of the virus. Genomic surveillance was conducted on samples isolated from infected individuals to monitor the spread of genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency performed whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea for 1 year (January 2020 to January 2021). A total of 2,488 SARS-CoV-2 cases were sequenced (including 648 cases from abroad). Initially, the prevalent clades of SARS-CoV-2 were the S and V clades, however, by March 2020, GH clade was the most dominant. Only international travelers were identified as having G or GR clades, and since the first variant 501Y.V1 was identified (from a traveler from the United Kingdom on December 22nd, 2020), a total of 27 variants of 501Y.V1, 501Y.V2, and 484K.V2 have been classified (as of January 25th, 2021). The results in this study indicated that quarantining of travelers entering Korea successfully prevented dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Kyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chae young Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Guk Han
- Division of Viral Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gi-Eun Rhie
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Bureau of Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Gu Nam
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Analysis, Capital Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Central Disease Control Headquarters Epidemiological Investigation Team, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Gwack
- Central Disease Control Headquarters Epidemiological Investigation Team, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - SangHee Woo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeemin Ha
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Analysis, Chungcheong Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Daejeon, Korea
| | - JeeEun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Cheon-Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
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Mihaylov I, Lopes G, Saravia D, Kwon D, Yechieli R, Pra AD, Freedman L, Diwanji T, Spieler B. PO-1006: Immunotherapy related pneumonitis correlates with radiomics in NSCLC patients treated with Nivolumab. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rich B, Schumacher L, Sargi Z, Masforroll M, Kwon D, Zhao W, Rueda-Lara M, Elsayyad N, Freedman L, Samuels S, Abramowitz M, Samuels M. Opioid Use Patterns In Head/Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis Characterizing Patients Who Did Not Require Opioid Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Spieler B, Azzam G, Kwon D, Saravia D, Lopes G, Dal Pra A, Diwanji T, Yechieli R, Freedman L, Mihaylov I. Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis in Patients with Advanced NSCLC on Nivolumab Monotherapy is Underreported and Associated with Prior Radiotherapy History. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Seldon C, Shrivastava G, Jarboe J, Fine J, Conway S, Pretell J, Freedman L, Wolfson A, Zhao W, Kwon D, Rosenberg A, Trent J, Yechieli R. Tumor Necrosis Following Multi-Modality Neoadjuvant Therapy for Sarcoma: A Single Institution Series. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Meshman J, Farnia B, Stoyanova R, Dal Pra A, Abramowitz M, Reis I, Kwon D, Punnen S, Horwitz E, Pollack A. Post-Treatment Biopsy Positivity In Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing MpMRI-Targeted Radiation Dose Escalation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barkdull S, Yechieli R, Van Wyhe R, Abad M, Hidalgo M, Kwon D, Samuels S. FRAIL Questionnaire Predicts Treatment Delivery Deviations in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schaff E, Gartrelle K, Kirsch C, Siddiqui F, Ajlouni M, Dragovic J, Aref I, Shah M, Kwon D, Dobrosotskaya I, Shah R, Khan G, Parikh P. Magnetic Resonance Guided Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy Versus External Beam RT with Chemotherapy For Pancreatic Cancer: Single Institution Toxicity Analysis Of Patients Treated In An Urban Academic Center. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stoyanova R, Lopez C, Breto A, Xu I, Kwon D, Franco G, Pra AD, Abramowitz M, Punnen S, Pollack A. The Effects of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy on MRI Delta Radiomics Features in a Prospective Radiotherapy Treatment Trial for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ramchand J, Chahine J, Alnajjar H, Chetrit M, Cremer P, Johnston D, Kwon D, Jellis C, Klein A. Long-term natural history of transient constrictive pericarditis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of a potentially-reversible, transient/ subacute form of constrictive pericarditis (CP). To date, studies have been small with lack of long-term longitudinal follow-up.
Purpose
We aimed to elucidate the causes and natural history of subacute CP.
Methods
Patients were included if (1) they had a diagnosis of CP, (2) had cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) within 12 months of symptom onset with evidence of pericardial delayed enhancement/ inflammation (Figure) (3) received anti-inflammatory medications.
Results
A total of 78 individuals were included, comprising 61 men (78%) with a mean age of 59±14 years. Causes of subacute CP included idiopathic/ viral pericarditis (58%), post-pericardiotomy (29%), autoimmune (6%), radiation therapy (3%) and others (4%). After median follow-up of 4.4 years, 31 (40%) required pericardiectomy. There were no deaths.
Patients who underwent pericardiectomy had longer duration of symptoms at presentation [6 (4–9) vs. 3 (2–5) months, P<0.01], were more likely to be on diuretic therapy (87 vs. 45%, P<0.001), had lower ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein [4.4 (2.6–13.1) vs. 11.95 (1.8–61.55) mg/dl, P<0.001] and lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate [5 (2–10) vs. 25 (6–43 mm/hr), P=0.031] compared to those who were managed medically. There were no other significant differences in clinical characteristics or baseline anti-inflammatory therapy. The presence of elevated inflammatory markers (HR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06–0.58, P<0.01) was an independent predictor of freedom from pericardiectomy after adjustment for relevant clinical and imaging parameters.
Conclusions
We present the original observations of the largest cohort of patients with transient CP to date and demonstrate that increased inflammatory markers were independently associated with long-term freedom from pericardiectomy. Our results suggest that a trial of anti-inflammatory therapy in the setting of elevated inflammatory markers may be appropriate prior to referral for surgery given the possible reversibility.
Pericardial delayed enhancement
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramchand
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - J Chahine
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - H Alnajjar
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - M Chetrit
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - P Cremer
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - D Johnston
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - D Kwon
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - C Jellis
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - A Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
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Dooley S, Khakoo N, Perlow H, Kwon D, Nicolli E, Yechieli R, Samuels M, Mora M, Freedman L, Samuels S. Improved Care for Patients Evaluated in a Head and Neck Multidisciplinary Clinic at a Safety Net Hospital. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ford J, Simpson G, Spieler B, Portelance L, Mellon E, Kwon D, Yang F, Dogan N. Radiomics of 0.35T Magnetic Resonance Images for Predicting Pancreatic Cancer Response to Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Azzam G, Toomeh D, Kwon D, Mihaylov I, Samuels S. CT Dose-weighted Textures Indicate Radiation Induced Fibrosis (RIF) in Patients Treated for Head and Neck Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jang M, Seong S, Kwon D, Jang J, Park J, Suh K. 368 Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of 151 patients with mycosis fungoides at the Kosin University Gospel Hospital: Retrospective 27-year review. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bhat AS, Wang L, Kaur S, Nawabit R, Highland K, Park M, Jellis C, Kwon D, Hill N, Mehra R, Pvdomics P. 0558 Sleep Disordered Breathing and Right Ventricular Electrocardiographic and Functional Characteristics in Group 1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Right ventricular (RV) electrophysiologic and functional alterations related to sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are not well understood. We hypothesize an association between SDB and RV electrophysiological/functional measures in World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) Group 1 PAH.
Methods
The NHLBI multicenter PVDOMICS study (NCT02980887) enrolls patients with PAH undergoing a battery of assessments including home sleep apnea testing(NOX-T3, Carefusion®) or with historical sleep study data. Logistic(OR,95%CI) and linear(beta coefficients,95%CI) regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), PAH medications, supplemental oxygen(O2), positive airway pressure(PAP) were used to assess associations of SDB(apnea hypopnea index,(AHI), ≥3% desaturations(hypopnea), percentage recording time with SaO2<90% (TRT<90%) with electrocardiographic measures: RV hypertrophy(RVH), right bundle branch block(RBBB), and right axis deviation(RAD), echocardiographically-derived RV systolic pressure(RVSP) and RV ejection fraction(RVEF) from cardiac MRI. Analyses were performed based on an overall significance level of 0.05, using SAS software (version 9.4, Cary, NC).
Results
The analysis consisted of 182 PAH participants with age: 52.5±13.9 years, 71.4% female, 88.9% Caucasian, BMI:30.3±7.8 kg/m2, RVEF: 37.3±11.6, and RVSP: 67.0±23.4. None of the electrocardiographic measures were associated with AHI and only RVH was significantly associated with TRT<90% (1.25:1.09,1.43),p=0.001. Although AHI was not associated with RVSP, a 10% increase in TRT<90% was associated with a 2.60mmHg increase in RVSP (2.60:1.44,3.76),p<0.001. Each 10-unit increase in AHI was associated with a 2.72% reduction of RVEF (-2.72:-4.89,-0.56),p=0.014, and each 10-unit increase in TRT<90% was associated with a 0.72% reduction of RVEF (-0.72:-1.38,-0.06),p=0.033.
Conclusion
We identify nocturnal hypoxia as a predictor of RV electrophysiological and functional alterations even after consideration of confounding factors. SDB as determined by AHI was also more so associated with reduced RVEF than hypoxia. Future mechanistic studies should focus on further elucidation of SDB and nocturnal hypoxia on pathogenesis of RV dysfunction in PAH.
Support
U01HL125218/U01HL125205/U01HL125212/U01HL125208/U01HL125175/U01HL125215, U01HL125177/Pulmonary Hypertension Association
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Bhat
- Cleveland Clinic Neurologic Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - L Wang
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - S Kaur
- Cleveland Clinic Neurologic Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - R Nawabit
- Cleveland Clinic Neurologic Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - K Highland
- Cleveland Clinic Respiratory Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - M Park
- Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - C Jellis
- Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - D Kwon
- Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - N Hill
- Tufts Medical Center Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Divission, Boston, MA
| | - R Mehra
- Cleveland Clinic Neurologic Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - P Pvdomics
- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD
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