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Watts R, Jackson D, Harris C, van Zundert A. Anaesthesia for pelvic exenteration surgery. BJA Educ 2024; 24:57-67. [PMID: 38304069 PMCID: PMC10829085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Watts
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D. Jackson
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C. Harris
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A. van Zundert
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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2
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Peng D, Jackson D, Palicha B, Kernfeld E, Laughner N, Shoemaker A, Celniker SE, Loganathan R, Cahan P, Andrew DJ. Organogenetic transcriptomes of the Drosophila embryo at single cell resolution. Development 2024; 151:dev202097. [PMID: 38174902 PMCID: PMC10820837 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
To gain insight into the transcription programs activated during the formation of Drosophila larval structures, we carried out single cell RNA sequencing during two periods of Drosophila embryogenesis: stages 10-12, when most organs are first specified and initiate morphological and physiological specialization; and stages 13-16, when organs achieve their final mature architectures and begin to function. Our data confirm previous findings with regards to functional specialization of some organs - the salivary gland and trachea - and clarify the embryonic functions of another - the plasmatocytes. We also identify two early developmental trajectories in germ cells and uncover a potential role for proteolysis during germline stem cell specialization. We identify the likely cell type of origin for key components of the Drosophila matrisome and several commonly used Drosophila embryonic cell culture lines. Finally, we compare our findings with other recent related studies and with other modalities for identifying tissue-specific gene expression patterns. These data provide a useful community resource for identifying many new players in tissue-specific morphogenesis and functional specialization of developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dorian Jackson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bianca Palicha
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric Kernfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathaniel Laughner
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashleigh Shoemaker
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan E. Celniker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rajprasad Loganathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deborah J. Andrew
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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3
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Lee JS, Lowell JL, Whitewater K, Roane TM, Miller CS, Chan AP, Sylvester AW, Jackson D, Hunter LE. Monitoring environmental microbiomes: Alignment of microbiology and computational biology competencies within a culturally integrated curriculum and research framework. Mol Ecol Resour 2023. [PMID: 37702134 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a flexible undergraduate curriculum that leverages the place-based research of environmental microbiomes to increase the number of Indigenous researchers in microbiology, data science and scientific computing. Monitoring Environmental Microbiomes (MEM) provides a curriculum and research framework designed to integrate an Indigenous approach when conducting authentic scientific research and to build interest and confidence at the undergraduate level. MEM has been successfully implemented as a short summer workshop to introduce computing practices in microbiome analysis. Based on self-assessed student knowledge of topics and skills, increased scientific confidence and interest in genomics careers were observed. We propose MEM be incorporated in a scalable course-based research experience for undergraduate institutions, including tribal colleges and universities, community colleges and other minority serving institutions. This coupled curricular and research framework explicitly considers cultural perspectives, access and equity to train a diverse future workforce that is more informed to engage in microbiome research and to translate microbiome science to benefit community and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - J L Lowell
- Department of Public Health, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - K Whitewater
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - T M Roane
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - C S Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - A P Chan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - A W Sylvester
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - D Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - L E Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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4
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Kools J, Voermans N, Mul K, Mellion M, Jiang J, Shoskes J, Marshall K, Jackson D, Zhao Y, Tarachandani A, Figueredo J, Eggenspieler D, van Engelen B. P.144b Feasibility of measuring functional performance of FSHD patients using wearable sensors to quantify physical activity. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Jackson D, Badran A. 353 Patients with N2 Non-Small Cell Primary Lung Cancer, Does Surgery Offer an Advantage? Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of two histological types of lung cancers. Evidence-based guidelines recommend radical resection in early-stage lung cancer, N2 disease is when there is moderately advanced lymph node spread of the cancer, recommendations for surgery at this stage are more contested.
Aim
This was a service evaluation of the management of patients with NSCLC N2 disease. We aimed to evaluate the management and outcomes of these patients to see whether surgery offers an advantage over other modalities.
Method
This was a retrospective cohort study reviewing patients treated at University Hospital Southampton (UHS) who were diagnosed with N2 NSCLC before the start of treatment from 2016–2018 and comparing survival of surgically managed patients with those treated in other ways.
Results
50 N2 patients were included, 32 had radical treatment and 11 of these underwent surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant statistical difference (Log rank = 2.342 p = 0.679) between surgery and other treatments, the survival plots showed a slightly better initial survival for chemoradiotherapy. Men were statistically more likely to have squamous cell carcinomas than women who had more adenocarcinomas. PS was shown to have significant effect on survival with higher PS having a worse survival.
Conclusions
We didn't find a statistically significant difference in the survival between patients managed surgically and other modalities. PS's effect on survival reiterates its importance when deciding on treatments to offer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jackson
- University of Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom
| | - A Badran
- University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom
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6
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Glendinning D, Jackson D. PB2346: COMPARISON OF PRESCRIBING ERRORS WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS BETWEEN PAPER BASED AND ELECTRONIC BASED PRESCRIBING METHODS AT A REGIONAL BASE HOSPITAL IN NSW, AUSTRALIA. Hemasphere 2022. [PMCID: PMC9429852 DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000852208.30053.1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Yang RS, Xu F, Wang YM, Zhong WS, Dong L, Shi YN, Tang TJ, Sheng HJ, Jackson D, Yang F. Glutaredoxins regulate maize inflorescence meristem development via redox control of TGA transcriptional activity. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1589-1601. [PMID: 34907313 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small oxidoreductases that can modify target protein activities through control of the redox (reduction/oxidation) state by reducing or glutathionylating disulfide bridges. Although CC-type GRXs are plant specific and play important roles in many processes, the mechanisms by which they modulate the activity of target proteins in vivo are unknown. In this study, we show that a maize CC-type GRX, MALE STERILE CONVERTED ANTHER1 (MSCA1), acts redundantly with two paralogues, ZmGRX2 and ZmGRX5, to modify the redox state and the activity of its putative target, the TGA transcription factor FASCIATED EAR4 (FEA4) that acts as a negative regulator of inflorescence meristem development. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to create a GRX triple knockout, resulting in severe suppression of meristem, ear and tassel growth and reduced plant height. We further show that GRXs regulate the redox state, DNA accessibility and transcriptional activities of FEA4, which acts downstream of MSCA1 and its paralogues to control inflorescence development. Our findings reveal the function of GRXs in meristem development, and also provide direct evidence for GRX-mediated redox modification of target proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Y M Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - W S Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y N Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - T J Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H J Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Jackson
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - F Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Kinney MV, Day LT, Palestra F, Biswas A, Jackson D, Roos N, de Jonge A, Doherty P, Manu AA, Moran AC, George AS. Overcoming blame culture: key strategies to catalyse maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response. BJOG 2021; 129:839-844. [PMID: 34709701 PMCID: PMC9298870 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M V Kinney
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - L T Day
- Maternal Newborn Health Group, Maternal Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Maternal Newborn Health Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - F Palestra
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - D Jackson
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.,Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N Roos
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A de Jonge
- Midwifery Science, AVAG (Academy Midwifery Amsterdam and Groningen), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Doherty
- Options Consultancy Services Ltd, St Magnus House, London, UK
| | - A A Manu
- Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - A C Moran
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health & Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A S George
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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9
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Edgar K, Jackson D, Rhodes K, Duffy T, Burman CF, Sharples LD. Frequentist rules for regulatory approval of subgroups in phase III trials: A fresh look at an old problem. Stat Methods Med Res 2021; 30:1725-1743. [PMID: 34077288 PMCID: PMC8411475 DOI: 10.1177/09622802211017574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The number of Phase III trials that include a biomarker in design and
analysis has increased due to interest in personalised medicine. For genetic
mutations and other predictive biomarkers, the trial sample comprises two
subgroups, one of which, say B+ is known or suspected to achieve a larger treatment effect
than the other B−. Despite treatment effect heterogeneity, trials often draw
patients from both subgroups, since the lower responding B− subgroup may also gain benefit from the intervention. In
this case, regulators/commissioners must decide what constitutes sufficient
evidence to approve the drug in the B− population. Methods and Results Assuming trial analysis can be completed using generalised linear models, we
define and evaluate three frequentist decision rules for approval. For rule
one, the significance of the average treatment effect in B− should exceed a pre-defined minimum value, say
ZB−>L. For rule two, the data from the low-responding group
B− should increase statistical significance. For rule three,
the subgroup-treatment interaction should be non-significant, using type I
error chosen to ensure that estimated difference between the two subgroup
effects is acceptable. Rules are evaluated based on conditional power, given
that there is an overall significant treatment effect. We show how different
rules perform according to the distribution of patients across the two
subgroups and when analyses include additional (stratification) covariates
in the analysis, thereby conferring correlation between subgroup
effects. Conclusions When additional conditions are required for approval of a new treatment in a
lower response subgroup, easily applied rules based on minimum effect sizes
and relaxed interaction tests are available. Choice of rule is influenced by
the proportion of patients sampled from the two subgroups but less so by the
correlation between subgroup effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Edgar
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - D Jackson
- Statistical Innovation, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Rhodes
- Statistical Innovation, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Duffy
- Statistical Innovation, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C-F Burman
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L D Sharples
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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10
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Cole ME, Kundu R, Abdulla AF, Andrews N, Hoschler K, Southern J, Jackson D, Miller E, Zambon M, Turner PJ, Tregoning JS. Pre-existing influenza-specific nasal IgA or nasal viral infection does not affect live attenuated influenza vaccine immunogenicity in children. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:125-133. [PMID: 33314126 PMCID: PMC7944357 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Kingdom has a national immunization programme which includes annual influenza vaccination in school-aged children, using live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). LAIV is given annually, and it is unclear whether repeat administration can affect immunogenicity. Because LAIV is delivered intranasally, pre-existing local antibody might be important. In this study, we analysed banked samples from a study performed during the 2017/18 influenza season to investigate the role of pre-existing influenza-specific nasal immunoglobulin (Ig)A in children aged 6-14 years. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected prior to LAIV immunization to measure pre-existing IgA levels and test for concurrent upper respiratory tract viral infections (URTI). Oral fluid samples were taken at baseline and 21-28 days after LAIV to measure IgG as a surrogate of immunogenicity. Antibody levels at baseline were compared with a pre-existing data set of LAIV shedding from the same individuals, measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. There was detectable nasal IgA specific to all four strains in the vaccine at baseline. However, baseline nasal IgA did not correlate with the fold change in IgG response to the vaccine. Baseline nasal IgA also did not have an impact upon whether vaccine virus RNA was detectable after immunization. There was no difference in fold change of antibody between individuals with and without an URTI at the time of immunization. Overall, we observed no effect of pre-existing influenza-specific nasal antibody levels on immunogenicity, supporting annual immunization with LAIV in children.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Adolescent
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Child
- Female
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Nasal Cavity/immunology
- Nasal Cavity/virology
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Virus Shedding/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Cole
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College London (St Mary’s Campus)LondonUK
- Present address:
MEC – The Pirbright InstitutePirbrightUK
| | - R. Kundu
- Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory InfectionsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. F. Abdulla
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College London (St Mary’s Campus)LondonUK
| | - N. Andrews
- Public Health England (Colindale)LondonUK
| | | | | | - D. Jackson
- Public Health England (Colindale)LondonUK
| | - E. Miller
- Public Health England (Colindale)LondonUK
| | - M. Zambon
- Public Health England (Colindale)LondonUK
| | - P. J. Turner
- Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory InfectionsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. S. Tregoning
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College London (St Mary’s Campus)LondonUK
- Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory InfectionsImperial College LondonLondonUK
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11
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Braicu EI, Mustea A, Laib AM, Kaduthanam S, Hartmann R, Jackson D, Meisel C, Löhr M, Sehouli J. Progress of evidence-based treatment decision support utilizing Molecular Health Guide in patients with gynecological solid tumors over three to six years. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- EI Braicu
- Charite University Medicine of Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Charite Campus Virchow-Klinikum
| | - A Mustea
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Löhr
- Karolinska University Hospital, CLINTEC, Center for Digestive Diseases
| | - J Sehouli
- Charite University Medicine of Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Charite Campus Virchow-Klinikum
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12
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Tan SY, Lau K, Borsaru A, Jackson D, Nandurkar D. Efficacy of Iodine Perfusion Maps from Dual-energy Computed Tomography of the Pulmonary Arteries in Pulmonary Embolism Assessment. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2019. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1916942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- SY Tan
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Lau
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - A Borsaru
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Jackson
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Nandurkar
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Massey D, Ion R, Jackson D. I want it all and I want it now. Challenging the traditional nursing academic paradigm. Nurse Educ Today 2019; 80:12-14. [PMID: 31202055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Massey
- Southern Cross University, School of Health and Human Sciences, Gold Coast Campus Office B.7.21, Southern Cross Drive, Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4558, QLD, Australia.
| | - R Ion
- Division of Mental Health Nursing and Counselling, Abertay University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - D Jackson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia
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14
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Heaslip V, Wilson D, Jackson D. Are Gypsy Roma Traveller communities indigenous and would identification as such better address their public health needs? Public Health 2019; 176:43-49. [PMID: 31079879 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Across Europe, large numbers of Gypsy Roma Traveller communities experience significant health inequities such as higher morbidity, mortality and infant mortality. This health inequity is perpetuated by wider determinants such as a lower social status, lower educational attainment and substandard accommodation. This is not dissimilar to other indigenous peoples, even though many Gypsy Roma Traveller communities are not identified as indigenous. METHODS This article presents contemporary literature and research alongside the internationally agreed principles of indigenous peoples, examining similarities between Gypsy Roma Traveller communities and other indigenous peoples. RESULTS We argue that Gypsy Roma Traveller communities could be recognised as indigenous in terms of the internationally agreed principles of indigeneity and shared experiences of health inequity, colonisation and cultural genocide. Doing so would enable a more robust public health strategy and development of public health guidelines that take into account their cultural views and practices. CONCLUSION Recognising Gypsy Roma Traveller communities in this way is important, especially concerning public health, as formal recognition of indigeneity provides certain rights and protection that can be used to develop appropriate public health strategies. Included within this are more nuanced approaches to promoting health, which focus on strengths and assets rather than deficit constructs that can perpetuate problematising of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Heaslip
- Principal Academic Department of Nursing and Clinical Science, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Bournemouth University, UK; Department of Social Studies, University of Stavanger, Norway.
| | - D Wilson
- Māori Health, Taupua Waiora Centre for Māori Health Research, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - D Jackson
- Nursing, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia
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15
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Miller AR, Jackson D, Hui C, Deshpande S, Kuo E, Hamilton GS, Lau KK. Lung nodules are reliably detectable on ultra-low-dose CT utilising model-based iterative reconstruction with radiation equivalent to plain radiography. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:409.e17-409.e22. [PMID: 30832990 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine if ultra-low-dose (ULD) computed tomography (CT) utilising model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) with radiation equivalent to plain radiography allows the detection of lung nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine individuals undergoing surveillance of solid pulmonary nodules undertook a low-dose (LD) and ULD CT during the same sitting. Image pairs were read blinded, in random order, and independently by two experienced thoracic radiologists. With LD-CT as the reference standard, the number, size, and location of nodules was compared, and inter-rater agreement was established. RESULTS There was very good inter-rater agreement with regards nodules ≥4mm for both the LD- (k=0.931) and ULD-CT (k=0.869). One hundred and ninety-nine nodules were reported on the LD-CT by both radiologists and 196 reported on the ULD-CT, with no nodules reported only on the ULD-CT. This gives a sensitivity of 98.5% and specificity of 100% for ULD-CT with MBIR. The effective dose of radiation was significantly different between the two scans (p<0.0001), 1.67 mSv for the LD-CT and 0.13 mSv for the ULD-CT. CONCLUSION ULD-CT utilising MBIR and delivering radiation equivalent to plain radiography, allows detection of lung nodules with high sensitivity. The attendant 10-fold reduction in radiation may allow for dramatic reductions in cumulative radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Miller
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; General Medicine, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - D Jackson
- Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Hui
- Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Deshpande
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Kuo
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - G S Hamilton
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - K K Lau
- General Medicine, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Meshram NH, Jackson D, Varghese T, Mitchell CC, Wilbrand SM, Dempsey RJ, Hermann BP. A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Cognition and Ultrasound-Based Vascular Strain Indices. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 35:46-55. [PMID: 30805597 PMCID: PMC7014973 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the relationship between variability in the plaque strain distribution estimated using ultrasound with multiple cognitive domains including executive, language, visuospatial reasoning, and memory function. METHOD Asymptomatic (n = 42) and symptomatic (n = 34) patients with significant (>60%) carotid artery stenosis were studied for plaque instability using ultrasound strain imaging and multiple cognitive domains including executive, language, visuospatial reasoning, and memory function. Correlation and ROC analyses were performed between ultrasound strain indices and cognitive function. Strain indices and cognition scores were also compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients to determine whether there are significant group differences. RESULTS Association of high-strain distributions with dysexecutive function was observed in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. For memory, visuospatial, and language functions, the correlations between strain and cognition were weaker for the asymptomatic compared to symptomatic group. CONCLUSIONS Both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients demonstrate a relationship between vessel strain indices and executive function indicating that silent strokes and micro-emboli could initially contribute to a decline in executive function, whereas strokes and transient ischemic attacks may cause the further decline in other cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Meshram
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D Jackson
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Varghese
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S M Wilbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Huang A, Swanson C, Babineau D, Whalen E, Gill M, Shao B, Liu A, Jepson B, Gruchalla R, O'Connor G, Pongracic J, Kercsmar C, Hershey GK, Zoratti E, Johnson C, Teach S, Kattan M, Bacharier L, Beigelman A, Sigelman S, Gergen P, Wheatley L, Presnell S, Togias A, Busse W, Jackson D, Altman M. EPITHELIAL CELL GENE NETWORKS UPREGULATED IN OBESE ASTHMATIC CHILDREN. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Hilton J, Cristea M, Voskoboynik M, Postel-Vinay S, Edenfield W, Gavai A, Wee S, Srivastava N, Klippel A, Jackson D, Apfel A, Chasalow S, Williams D, Donovan M, Fischer B, Khaldoyanidi S, Diamond J. Initial results from a phase I/IIa trial evaluating BMS-986158, an inhibitor of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins, in patients (pts) with advanced cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy279.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Hale D, Mittendorf E, Brown T, Clifton G, Vreeland T, Myers J, Peace K, Jackson D, Greene J, Holmes J, Peoples G. Pre-specified interim analysis of a randomized phase IIb trial of trastuzumab + nelipeptimut-S (NeuVax) vs trastuzumab for the prevention of recurrence demonstrates benefit in triple negative (HER2 low-expressing) breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy288.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Mathole T, Lembani M, Jackson D, Zarowsky C, Bijlmakers L, Sanders D. Leadership and the functioning of maternal health services in two rural district hospitals in South Africa. Health Policy Plan 2018; 33:ii5-ii15. [PMID: 30053038 PMCID: PMC6037108 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal mortality remains high in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, despite over 90% of pregnant women utilizing maternal health services. A recent survey showed wide variation in performance among districts in the province. Heterogeneity was also found at the district level, where maternal health outcomes varied considerably among district hospitals. In ongoing research, leadership emerged as one of the key health systems factors affecting the performance of maternal health services at facility level. This article reports on a subsequent case study undertaken to examine leadership practices and the functioning of maternal health services in two resource-limited hospitals with disparate maternal health outcomes. An exploratory mixed-methods case study was undertaken with the two rural district hospitals as the units of analysis. The hospitals were purposively selected based on their maternal health outcomes: one reported good maternal health outcomes (pseudonym: Chisomo) and the other had poor outcomes (pseudonym: Tinyade). Comparative data were collected through a facility survey, non-participant observation of management and perinatal meetings, record reviews and interviews with hospital leadership, staff and patients to elicit information about leadership practices including supervision, communication and teamwork. Descriptive and thematic data analysis was undertaken. The two hospitals had similar infrastructure and equipment. Hospital managers at Chisomo used their innovation and entrepreneurial skills to improve quality of care, and leadership style was described as supportive, friendly, approachable but 'firm'. They also undertook frequent and supportive supervisory meetings. Each department at Chisomo developed its own action plan and used data to monitor their actions. Good performers were acknowledged in group meetings. Staff in this facility were motivated and patients were happy about the quality of services. The situation was different at Tinyade hospital. Participants described the leadership style of their senior managers as authoritarian. Managers were rarely available in the office and did not hold regular meetings, leading to poor communication across teams and poor coordination to address resource constraints. This demotivated the staff. The differences in leadership style, structures, processes and work culture affected teamwork, managerial supervision and support. The study demonstrates how leadership styles and practices influence maternal health care services in resource limited hospitals. Supportive leadership manifested itself in the form of focused efforts to build teamwork, enhance entrepreneurship and in management systems that are geared to improving maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mathole
- University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa
| | - M Lembani
- University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa
| | - D Jackson
- University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa
| | - C Zarowsky
- University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CR-CHUM), 850, rue St-Denis, Montreal (Québec) Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal 7101 av du Parc, Ste, Montreal, Québec H3N 1X9 Canada
| | - L Bijlmakers
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands and
| | - D Sanders
- University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa
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Beaver C, Behan F, Ansari R, Pooley R, Wilkinson P, Jackson D, Harper S, Iorio F, Yusa K, Garnett M. PO-327 Whole-genome CRISPR-CAS9 screening: the wellcome sanger institute cellular generation and phenotyping pipeline. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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22
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Jackson D, Moberg O, Stenevik Djupevåg EM, Kane F, Hareide H. The drivers of sea lice management policies and how best to integrate them into a risk management strategy: An ecosystem approach to sea lice management. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:927-933. [PMID: 29027681 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The control of sea lice infestations on cultivated Atlantic salmon is a major issue in many regions of the world. The numerous drivers which shape the priorities and objectives of the control strategies vary for different regions/jurisdictions. These range from the animal welfare and economic priorities of the producers, to the mitigation of any potential impacts on wild stocks. Veterinary ethics, environmental impacts of therapeutants, and impacts for organic certification of the produce are, amongst others, additional sets of factors which should be considered. Current best practice in both EU and international environmental law advocates a holistic ecosystem approach to assessment of impacts and risks. The issues of biosecurity and ethics, including the impacts on the stocks of species used as cleaner fish, are areas for inclusion in such a holistic ecosystem assessment. The Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts, Responses (DPSIR) process is examined as a decision-making framework and potential applications to sea lice management are outlined. It is argued that this is required to underpin any integrated sea lice management (ISLM) strategy to balance pressures and outcomes and ensure a holistic approach to managing the issue of sea lice infestations on farmed stock on a medium to long-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Moberg
- Fisheries Directorate, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - F Kane
- Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland
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Nanduri SA, Metcalf BJ, Arwady MA, Edens C, Lavin MA, Morgan J, Clegg W, Beron A, Albertson JP, Link-Gelles R, Ogundimu A, Gold J, Jackson D, Chochua S, Stone N, Van Beneden C, Fleming-Dutra K, Beall B. Prolonged and large outbreak of invasive group A Streptococcus disease within a nursing home: repeated intrafacility transmission of a single strain. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:248.e1-248.e7. [PMID: 29783026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections were reported to public health by a skilled nursing facility (facility A) in Illinois between May 2014 and August 2016. Cases continued despite interventions including antibiotic prophylaxis for all residents and staff. Two other geographically close facilities reported contemporaneous outbreaks of GAS. We investigated potential reasons for ongoing transmission. METHODS We obtained epidemiologic data from chart review of cases and review of facility and public health records from previous investigations into the outbreak. Infection control practices at facility A were observed and evaluated. Whole genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis was performed on available isolates from the three facilities. RESULTS From 2014 to 2016, 19 invasive and 60 noninvasive GAS infections were identified at facility A occurring in three clusters. Infection control evaluations during clusters 2 and 3 identified hand hygiene compliance rates of 14% to 25%, appropriate personal protective equipment use in only 33% of observed instances, and deficient wound-care practices. GAS isolates from residents and staff of all three facilities were subtype emm89.0; on phylogenetic analysis, facility A isolates were monophyletic and distinct. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate infection control and improper wound-care practices likely led to this 28-month-long outbreak of severe infections in a skilled nursing facility. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis suggested that intrafacility transmission of a single highly transmissible GAS strain was responsible for the outbreak in facility A. Integration of genomic epidemiology tools with traditional epidemiology and infection control assessments was helpful in investigation of a facility-wide outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Nanduri
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - B J Metcalf
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M A Arwady
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Edens
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M A Lavin
- Lavin Consulting LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Morgan
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - W Clegg
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Beron
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - J P Albertson
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - R Link-Gelles
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Ogundimu
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Gold
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Jackson
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Chochua
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Stone
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Van Beneden
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Fleming-Dutra
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Beall
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Grima M, Boufi M, Law M, Jackson D, Stenson K, Patterson B, Loftus I, Thompson M, Karthikesalingam A, Holt P. The Implications of Non-compliance to Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Surveillance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Vasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.03.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Jacobs A, De Noia M, Praebel K, Kanstad-Hanssen Ø, Paterno M, Jackson D, McGinnity P, Sturm A, Elmer KR, Llewellyn MS. Genetic fingerprinting of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) populations in the North-East Atlantic using a random forest classification approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1203. [PMID: 29352185 PMCID: PMC5775277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caligid sea lice represent a significant threat to salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Population genetic analyses have consistently shown minimal population genetic structure in North Atlantic Lepeophtheirus salmonis, frustrating efforts to track louse populations and improve targeted control measures. The aim of this study was to test the power of reduced representation library sequencing (IIb-RAD sequencing) coupled with random forest machine learning algorithms to define markers for fine-scale discrimination of louse populations. We identified 1286 robustly supported SNPs among four L. salmonis populations from Ireland, Scotland and Northern Norway. Only weak global structure was observed based on the full SNP dataset. The application of a random forest machine-learning algorithm identified 98 discriminatory SNPs that dramatically improved population assignment, increased global genetic structure and resulted in significant genetic population differentiation. A large proportion of SNPs found to be under directional selection were also identified to be highly discriminatory. Our data suggest that it is possible to discriminate between nearby L. salmonis populations given suitable marker selection approaches, and that such differences might have an adaptive basis. We discuss these data in light of sea lice adaption to anthropogenic and environmental pressures as well as novel approaches to track and predict sea louse dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jacobs
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M De Noia
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K Praebel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - M Paterno
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - P McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Sturm
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - K R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M S Llewellyn
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Sami S, Kenyi S, Amsalu R, Tomczyk B, Jackson D, Meyers J, Greeley M, Dimiti A, Scudder E, Kerber K. Implementing Newborn Care Services in Humanitarian Settings: Barriers and
Facilitators to Implementation at the Community and Facility Level in
Displaced Person Camps in South Sudan. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Deletion or truncation of NS1, the principal IFN antagonist of influenza viruses, leads to increased IFN induction during influenza virus infection. We have studied activation of the IFN induction cascade by both wild-type and NS1-defective viruses at the single-cell level using a cell line expressing GFP under the control of the IFN-β promoter and by examining MxA expression. The IFN-β promoter was not activated in all infected cells even during NS1-defective virus infections. Loss of NS1 expression is therefore insufficient per se to induce IFN in an infected cell, and factors besides NS1 expression status must dictate whether the IFN response is activated. The IFN response was efficiently stimulated in these cells following infection with other viruses; the differential IFN response we observe with influenza viruses is therefore not cell specific but is likely due to differences in the nature of the infecting virus particles and their subsequent replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J Killip
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- *Correspondence: M. J. Killip,
| | - D Jackson
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - M Pérez-Cidoncha
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - E Fodor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - R. E Randall
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
- R. E. Randall,
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O'Brien JT, Gallagher P, Stow D, Hammerla N, Ploetz T, Firbank M, Ladha C, Ladha K, Jackson D, McNaney R, Ferrier IN, Olivier P. A study of wrist-worn activity measurement as a potential real-world biomarker for late-life depression. Psychol Med 2017; 47:93-102. [PMID: 27667663 PMCID: PMC5197921 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with a decline in physical activity. Typically this is assessed by self-report questionnaires and, more recently, with actigraphy. We sought to explore the utility of a bespoke activity monitor to characterize activity profiles in LLD more precisely. METHOD The activity monitor was worn for 7 days by 29 adults with LLD and 30 healthy controls. Subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment and quality of life (QoL) (36-item Short-Form Health Survey) and activities of daily living (ADL) scales (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale) were administered. RESULTS Physical activity was significantly reduced in LLD compared with controls (t = 3.63, p < 0.001), primarily in the morning. LLD subjects showed slower fine motor movements (t = 3.49, p < 0.001). In LLD patients, activity reductions were related to reduced ADL (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), lower QoL (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), associative learning (r = 0.40, p = 0.036), and higher Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score (r = -0.37, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with LLD had a significant reduction in general physical activity compared with healthy controls. Assessment of specific activity parameters further revealed the correlates of impairments associated with LLD. Our study suggests that novel wearable technology has the potential to provide an objective way of monitoring real-world function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D. Stow
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N. Hammerla
- Open Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - T. Ploetz
- Open Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M. Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C. Ladha
- Open Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - K. Ladha
- Open Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D. Jackson
- Open Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R. McNaney
- Open Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - I. N. Ferrier
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P. Olivier
- Open Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Kahn L, Jackson D, Wang Y, Dyer B, Farwell D, Bewley A, Daly M, Rao S. Outcomes and Prognostic Grouping of Human Papillomavirus–Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing TORS/TLM and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Doyle C, Jackson D. ISQUA16-1963MENTORING AND EDUCATION TO IMPROVE CONFIDENCE OF STAFF CARING FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA IN ACUTE HOSPITALS. Int J Qual Health Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzw104.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ramkumar S, Rashid H, Zaman S, McCormick L, Gooley R, Jackson D, Meredith I. Comparison of Outcomes Between Nonagenarians and Younger Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) with the LOTUS Valve. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jackson D, Hassam R, Donelan L, Peverill R. Long-Axis Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Dysfunction in Friedreich Ataxia with Normal Ejection Fraction – Global Longitudinal Strain Versus Tissue Doppler Imaging Velocities. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jackson D, Mottram P, Bowman C, Cameron J, Rashid H, Quine E, Lockwood S. Heart Failure with Reduced LV Ejection Fraction and Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter – What Predicts LV Ejection Fraction Recovery? Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ramkumar S, Rashid H, Zaman S, McCormick L, Gooley R, Jackson D, Meredith I. Does Pulmonary Hypertension Prior to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) With the Lotus Valve Predict Poor Clinical Outcomes? Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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McCombe A, Touma F, Jackson D, Canniffe C, Choudhary P, Pressley L, Tanous D, Robinson PJ, Celermajer D. Sudden cardiac death in adults with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000407. [PMID: 27493760 PMCID: PMC4947757 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2016-000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare congenital heart disease. There have been only few reports of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with ccTGA and reasonable ventricular function. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients attending our adult congenital heart centre, with known ccTGA. Results From a database of over 3500 adult patients with congenital heart disease, we identified 39 (∼1%) with ccTGA and ‘two-ventricle’ circulations. 65% were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.4±11.4 years and the mean age at last time of review was 34.3±11.3 years. 24 patients (56%) had a history of surgical intervention. 8 (19%) had had pacemaker implantation and 2 had had a defibrillator implanted for non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). In 544 years of patient follow-up, there had been five cases of SCD in our population; 1 death per 109 patient-years. Two of these patients had had previously documented supraventricular or NSVT. However, they were all classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I or II, and systemic (right) ventricular function had been recorded as normal, mildly or mildly–moderately impaired, at most recent follow-up. Conclusions Our experience suggests the need for improved risk stratification and/or surveillance for malignant arrhythmia in adults with ccTGA, even in those with reasonable functional class on ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McCombe
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Touma
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Jackson
- Department of Cardiology , Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - C Canniffe
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Choudhary
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Pressley
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Tanous
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter J Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jackson D, Thomas HB. The Clinical and Bacteriological Assessment of a Twice Daily Formulation of Erythromycin Stearate: A General Practice Study. J Int Med Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030006057500300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents the clinical and bacteriological assessment of a twice daily formulation of erythromycin stearate. The activity of this twice daily formulation was compared with erythromycin stearate 250 mg 6 hourly, and the assessment carried out in a number of general practices, both urban and rural, distributed widely throughout the United Kingdom. The twice daily dosage regime of ‘Erythrocin 500’ was seen to be an effective therapy, to compare favourably with the smaller dose given 6 hourly and with minimal side-effects. Antibiotic sensitivity tests included penicillin and tetracycline as well as erythromycin, and the negligible incidence of resistance demonstrated for erythromycin contrasted with that of the two other commonly used antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jackson
- Medical Director, Abbott Laboratories, Queenborough, England
| | - H B Thomas
- Clinical Research Associate, Abbott Laboratories, Queenborough, England
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Daniels L, Jackson D. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing staff regarding the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in non-accredited obstetric units in Cape Town. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2011.11734347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Brown C, Brown K, Jackson D, Jones B, Scale T, Ashcroft R, Brooks O, Mikhail A. SO038NEW NICE GUIDANCE: TESTS FOR IRON DEFICIENCY - FRIEND OR FOE? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw123.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rao S, Jackson D, Chen A, Luu Q, Bewley A, Farwell D, Daly M. Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oakland K, Nadler R, Cresswell L, Jackson D, Coughlin PA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between frailty and outcome in surgical patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98:80-5. [PMID: 26741674 PMCID: PMC5210486 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty is becoming increasingly prevalent in the elderly population although a lack of consensus regarding a clinical definition hampers comparison of clinical studies. More elderly patients are being assessed for surgical intervention but the effect of frailty on surgical related outcomes is still not clear. METHODS A systematic literature search for studies prospectively reporting frailty and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgical intervention was performed with data collated from a total of 12 studies. Random effects meta-analysis modelling was undertaken to estimate the association between frailty and mortality rates (in-hospital and one-year), length of hospital stay and the need for step-down care for further rehabilitation/nursing home placement. RESULTS Frailty was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality rate (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-4.73), a higher one-year mortality rate (pooled OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.49-2.66), a longer hospital stay (pooled mean difference: 1.05 days, 95% CI: 0.02-2.07 days) and a higher discharge rate to further rehabilitation/step-down care (pooled OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 3.41-9.55). CONCLUSIONS The presence of frailty in patients undergoing surgical intervention is associated with poorer outcomes with regard to mortality and return to independence. Further in-depth studies are required to identify factors that can be optimised to reduce the burden of frailty in surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oakland
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - R Nadler
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | | | | | - P A Coughlin
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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Bahia SS, Holt PJE, Jackson D, Patterson BO, Hinchliffe RJ, Thompson MM, Karthikesalingam A. Response to commentary on 'A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term Survival after Elective Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair 1969-2011: 5-year Survival Remains Poor Despite Advances in Medical Care and Treatment Strategies'. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 51:463-4. [PMID: 26774859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Bahia
- St George's Vascular Institute, London, UK.
| | - P J E Holt
- St George's Vascular Institute, London, UK
| | - D Jackson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Naveed S, Clements D, Jackson D, Shaw D, Johnston S, Johnson SR. S92 Matrix metalloproteinase-1 activation by mast cell tryptase causes airway remodelling and is associated with bronchial hyper-responsiveness in patients with asthma. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Metcalf BJ, Gertz RE, Gladstone RA, Walker H, Sherwood LK, Jackson D, Li Z, Law C, Hawkins PA, Chochua S, Sheth M, Rayamajhi N, Bentley SD, Kim L, Whitney CG, McGee L, Beall B. Strain features and distributions in pneumococci from children with invasive disease before and after 13-valent conjugate vaccine implementation in the USA. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:60.e9-60.e29. [PMID: 26363404 PMCID: PMC4721534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of second-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) strain distributions have not yet been well described. We analysed IPD isolates recovered from children aged <5 years through Active Bacterial Core surveillance before (2008–2009; n = 828) and after (2011–2013; n = 600) 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) implementation. We employed conventional testing, PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis to identify serotypes, resistance features, genotypes, and pilus types. PCV13, licensed in February 2010, effectively targeted all major 19A and 7F genotypes, and decreased antimicrobial resistance, primarily owing to removal of the 19A/ST320 complex. The strain complex contributing most to the remaining β-lactam resistance during 2011–2013 was 35B/ST558. Significant emergence of non-vaccine clonal complexes was not evident. Because of the removal of vaccine serotype strains, positivity for one or both pilus types (PI-1 and PI-2) decreased in the post-PCV13 years 2011–2013 relative to 2008–2009 (decreases of 32–55% for PI-1, and >95% for PI-2 and combined PI-1 + PI-2). β-Lactam susceptibility phenotypes correlated consistently with transpeptidase region sequence combinations of the three major penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) determined through WGS analysis. Other major resistance features were predictable by DNA signatures from WGS analysis. Multilocus sequence data combined with PBP combinations identified progeny, serotype donors and recipient strains in serotype switch events. PCV13 decreased the frequency of all PCV13 serotype clones and concurrently decreased the frequency of strain subsets with resistance and/or adherence features conducive to successful carriage. Our results serve as a reference describing key features of current paediatric IPD strains in the USA after PCV13 implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Metcalf
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R E Gertz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R A Gladstone
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - H Walker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L K Sherwood
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Jackson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Z Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Law
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P A Hawkins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Chochua
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Sheth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Rayamajhi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S D Bentley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - L Kim
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C G Whitney
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L McGee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Beall
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Bahia S, Holt P, Jackson D, Patterson B, Hinchliffe R, Thompson M, Karthikesalingam A. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term survival After Elective Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair 1969–2011: 5 Year Survival Remains Poor Despite Advances in Medical Care and Treatment Strategies. J Vasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Ezeanolue EE, Pharr JR, Hunt A, Patel D, Jackson D. Why are Children Still Being Infected with HIV? Impact of an Integrated Public Health and Clinical Practice Intervention on Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Las Vegas, Nevada, 2007-2012. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:253-9. [PMID: 26229713 PMCID: PMC4512117 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.160189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During a 9 months period, September 2005 through June 2006, Nevada documented six cases of pediatric HIV acquired through mother-to-child transmission. Subsequently, a community-based approach to the care of women and children living with or exposed to HIV was implemented. Subjects and Methods: A detailed review of mother-infant pairs where HIV transmission occurred was performed to identify missed opportunities for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. An intervention program was developed and implemented using the six-step process. Data were collected prospectively over a 6 years period (2007–2012) and were evaluated for six core outcomes measures: (1) adequacy of prenatal care (2) HIV diagnoses of expectant mothers prior to delivery (3) appropriate use of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy before delivery (4) appropriate use of cesarean section for delivery (5) adequacy of zidovudine prophylaxis to newborn (6) HIV transmission rate. Results: Twenty-six infants were born to HIV-infected mothers from July 2005 to June 2006 with 6 documented infections. One hundred and five infants were born to HIV infected mothers from January 2007 to December 2012. Postimplementation, adequacy of prenatal care increased from 58% (15/26) to 85% (89/105); appropriate use of ARV therapy before delivery increased from 73% (19/26) to 86% (90/105); cesarean section as the method for delivery increased from 62% (16/26) to 74% (78/105); adequacy of zidovudine prophylaxis to newborn increased from 54% (14/26) to 87% (91/105). HIV transmission rate dropped from 23% (6/26) to 0%. Conclusion: Integrating public health and clinical services in the care of HIV-infected pregnant women and exposed infants leads to better coordination of care and improved quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Ezeanolue
- Department of Pediatrics Las Vegas, University of Nevada School of Medicine, NV 89154, USA
| | - J R Pharr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - A Hunt
- Department of Pediatrics Las Vegas, University of Nevada School of Medicine, NV 89154, USA
| | - D Patel
- Department of Pediatrics Las Vegas, University of Nevada School of Medicine, NV 89154, USA
| | - D Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics Las Vegas, University of Nevada School of Medicine, NV 89154, USA
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Bahia SS, Holt PJE, Jackson D, Patterson BO, Hinchliffe RJ, Thompson MM, Karthikesalingam A. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term survival After Elective Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair 1969-2011: 5 Year Survival Remains Poor Despite Advances in Medical Care and Treatment Strategies. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 50:320-30. [PMID: 26116489 PMCID: PMC4831642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Improved critical care, pre-operative optimization, and the advent of endovascular surgery (EVAR) have improved 30 day mortality for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. It remains unknown whether this has translated into improvements in long-term survival, particularly because these factors have also encouraged the treatment of older patients with greater comorbidity. The aim of this study was to quantify how 5 year survival after elective AAA repair has changed over time. Methods A systematic review was performed identifying studies reporting 5 year survival after elective infrarenal AAA repair. An electronic search of the Embase and Medline databases was conducted to January 2014. Thirty-six studies, 60 study arms, and 107,814 patients were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine 5 year survival and to report whether 5 year survival changed over time. Results Five-year survival was 69% (95% CI 67 to 71%, I2 = 87%). Meta-regression on study midpoint showed no improvement in 5 year survival over the period 1969–2011 (log OR −0.001, 95% CI −0.014–0.012). Larger average aneurysm diameter was associated with poorer 5 year survival (adjusted log OR −0.058, 95% CI −0.095 to −0.021, I2 = 85%). Older average patient age at surgery was associated with poorer 5 year survival (adjusted log OR −0.118, 95% CI −0.142 to −0.094, I2 = 70%). After adjusting for average patient age, an improvement in 5 year survival over the period that these data spanned was obtained (adjusted log OR 0.027, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.042). Conclusion Five-year survival remains poor after elective AAA repair despite advances in short-term outcomes and is associated with AAA diameter and patient age at the time of surgery. Age-adjusted survival appears to have improved; however, this cohort as a whole continues to have poor long-term survival. Research in this field should attempt to improve the life expectancy of patients with repaired AAA and to optimise patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Bahia
- St George's Vascular Institute, London, UK.
| | - P J E Holt
- St George's Vascular Institute, London, UK
| | - D Jackson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Chowdhury MM, Sabbagh CN, Jackson D, Coughlin PA, Ghosh J. Antithrombotic treatment for acute extracranial carotid artery dissections: a meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 50:148-56. [PMID: 26109428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carotid artery dissection is a leading cause of stroke in younger patients, with an associated prevalence of 2.6-3.0 per 100,000 population. This meta-analysis aims to determine whether in patients managed medically, treatment with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents was associated with a better outcome with respect to mortality, ischaemic stroke, and major bleeding episodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was employed of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (January 1966 to March 2015), and EMBASE (January 1980 to March 2015) databases. Primary outcomes were death (all causes) or disability. Secondary outcomes were ischaemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, and major extracranial haemorrhage during the reported follow-up period. RESULTS No completed randomized trials were found. Comparing antiplatelets with anticoagulants across 38 studies (1,398 patients), there were no significant differences in the odds of death (effects size, ES, -0.007, p = .871), nor in the death and disability comparison or across any secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION There were no randomised trials comparing either anticoagulants or antiplatelets with control, thus there is no level 1 evidence to support their routine use for the treatment of carotid artery dissection. Also, there were no randomised trials that directly compared anticoagulants with antiplatelet drugs, and the reported non-randomised studies did not show any evidence of a significant difference between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Chowdhury
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - C N Sabbagh
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Jackson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - P A Coughlin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Ghosh
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Higgins JPT, Jackson D, Barrett JK, Lu G, Ades AE, White IR. Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies. Res Synth Methods 2015; 3:98-110. [PMID: 26062084 PMCID: PMC4433772 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1173] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses that simultaneously compare multiple treatments (usually referred to as network meta-analyses or mixed treatment comparisons) are becoming increasingly common. An important component of a network meta-analysis is an assessment of the extent to which different sources of evidence are compatible, both substantively and statistically. A simple indirect comparison may be confounded if the studies involving one of the treatments of interest are fundamentally different from the studies involving the other treatment of interest. Here, we discuss methods for addressing inconsistency of evidence from comparative studies of different treatments. We define and review basic concepts of heterogeneity and inconsistency, and attempt to introduce a distinction between ‘loop inconsistency’ and ‘design inconsistency’. We then propose that the notion of design-by-treatment interaction provides a useful general framework for investigating inconsistency. In particular, using design-by-treatment interactions successfully addresses complications that arise from the presence of multi-arm trials in an evidence network. We show how the inconsistency model proposed by Lu and Ades is a restricted version of our full design-by-treatment interaction model and that there may be several distinct Lu–Ades models for any particular data set. We introduce novel graphical methods for depicting networks of evidence, clearly depicting multi-arm trials and illustrating where there is potential for inconsistency to arise. We apply various inconsistency models to data from trials of different comparisons among four smoking cessation interventions and show that models seeking to address loop inconsistency alone can run into problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P T Higgins
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK. .,Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK.
| | - D Jackson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - G Lu
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A E Ades
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - I R White
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Jackson D, Atkin K, Bettenay F, Clark J, Ditchfield MR, Grimm JE, Linke R, Long G, Onikul E, Pereira J, Phillips M, Wilson F, Paul E, Goergen SK. Paediatric CT dose: a multicentre audit of subspecialty practice in Australia and New Zealand. Eur Radiol 2015; 25:3109-22. [PMID: 26037714 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate paediatric CT dosimetry in Australia and New Zealand and calculate size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) for chest and abdominal examinations. METHODS Eight hospitals provided data from 12 CT systems for 1462 CTs in children aged 0-15. Imaging data were recorded for eight examinations: head (trauma, shunt), temporal bone, paranasal sinuses, chest (mass) and chest HRCT (high-resolution CT), and abdomen/pelvis (mass/inflammation). Dose data for cranial examinations were categorised by age and SSDEs by lateral dimension. Diagnostic reference ranges (DRRs) were defined by the 25th and 75th percentiles. Centralised image quality assessment was not undertaken. RESULTS DRRs for 201 abdominopelvic SSDEs were: 2.8-4.7, 3.6-11.5, 8.5-15.0, 7.6-15, and 10.6-16.2 for the <15 cm, 15-19 cm, 20-24 cm, 25-29 cm and >30 cm groups, respectively. For 147 chest examinations using these body width categories, SSDE DRRs were 2.0-4.4, 3.3-7.9, 4.0-9.4, 4.5-12, and 6.5-12. Kilovoltage peak (kVp), but not AEC or IR, was associated with SSDE (parameter estimate [standard error]: 0.12 (0.03); p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Australian and New Zealand paediatric CT DRRs and abdominal SSDEs are comparable to international data. SSDEs for chest examinations are proposed. Dose variations could be reduced by adjusting kVp. KEY POINTS • SSDEs can be calculated for all patients, CT systems, and practices • Kilovoltage peak (kVp) has the greatest association with dose in similar-sized patients • Paediatric DRRs for CT are now available for use internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jackson
- Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - K Atkin
- Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - F Bettenay
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Clark
- Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - M R Ditchfield
- Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Monash Children's, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J E Grimm
- Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Linke
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Long
- Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Onikul
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Pereira
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Phillips
- Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F Wilson
- Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Paul
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S K Goergen
- Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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