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Xu Y, Pachnikova G, Wang H, Wu Y, Przybilla D, Schäfer R, Chen Z, Zhu S, Keilholz U. IC50: an unsuitable measure for large-sized prostate cancer spheroids in drug sensitivity evaluation. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:580-592. [PMID: 35694767 PMCID: PMC9392968 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models of tumors have the potential to become valuable tools for commercial drug research and development, and 3D culture systems are gaining traction in this area, particularly in prostate cancer (PCa) research. However, nearly all 3D drug design and screening assessments are based on 2D experiments, suggesting limitations of 3D drug testing. To simulate the natural response of human cells to the drug, we detected the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) changes of 2D/3D LNCaP cells in the drug docetaxel, as well as the sensitivity of different morphologies of 2D/3D LNCaP to docetaxel treatment. In contrast to 2D LNCaP cells, the evaluation of LNCaP spheroids' susceptibility to treatment was more complicated; the fitness of IC50 curves of 2D and 3D tumor cell preclinical models differs significantly. IC50 curves were unsuitable for large-sized LNCaP spheroids. More evaluation indexes (such as max inhibition) and experiments (such as spheroids formation) should be explored and performed to evaluate the susceptibility systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gabriela Pachnikova
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - He Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dorothea Przybilla
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Urology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxing Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,Corresponding authors: Shaoxing Zhu, Department of Urology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. E-mail:
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany,
Ulrich Keilholz; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail:
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Xu Y, Pachnikova G, Przybilla D, Schäfer R, Cui Y, Zhou D, Chen Z, Zhao A, Keilholz U. Evaluation of JQ1 Combined With Docetaxel for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells in 2D- and 3D-Culture Systems. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839620. [PMID: 35185589 PMCID: PMC8850784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is dependent on coupled androgen-androgen receptor (AR) signaling for growth and progression. Significant efforts have been made in this research field, as hormonal therapies have greatly improved the survival of patients with metastatic PCa (mPCa). The drug treatment agent JQ1, which potently abrogates bromodomain 4 (BRD4) localization to the AR target loci and therefore significantly impairs AR-mediated gene transcription, is a potent therapeutic option for patients with advanced PCa. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of JQ1 combined with docetaxel on PCa cells in vitro for the first time. Furthermore, the 3D spheroid culture system was modeled to more accurately simulate the response of PCa cells to drugs.Methods: We established and measured 3D LNCaP spheroids in vitro in order to evaluate the susceptibility of 2D- and 3D-cultured LNCaP cells exposed to the same anti-cancer drug.Results: We demonstrated that JQ1 was an effective drug for promoting cell inhibition after docetaxel treatment in 2D- and 3D- cultured LNCaP cells. Inhibition of 3D cultured formation in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in docetaxel or JQ1 alone. Under the same conditions of drug solubility, the drug resistance of 3D spheroids was significantly higher than that of 2D cells. Moreover, dmax and lg volume were suitable parameters for LNCaP cells/spheroid size displaying and evaluating cell viability.Conclusion: 3D cultured spheroids of PCa are an effective tool for studying PCa drug trials. JQ1 combined with docetaxel may be an effective treatment for advanced PCa. This combination therapy strategy deserves further evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gabriela Pachnikova
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Przybilla
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingying Cui
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Zhou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Urology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Experimental Research Center, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: An Zhao, ; Ulrich Keilholz,
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: An Zhao, ; Ulrich Keilholz,
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Schumacher D, Regan JL, Przybilla D, Schäfer R. Generation of Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Organoids for RAS Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2262:349-360. [PMID: 33977489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1190-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human cell line models have been widely used for testing of novel anticancer compounds and for predicting clinical response to monotherapies and combinatorial therapies. For many years, standard monolayer culture conditions were used as gold standard, only surpassed by in vivo testing of mouse models. Recently, the incorporation of three-dimensional culture has been shown to further improve predictive compound testing. In view of the renewed interest in anti-RAS cancer therapy, we provide a protocol for establishing colorectal cancer organoids which are characterized by a high prevalence of KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schumacher
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph L Regan
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Przybilla
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Redmer T, Welte Y, Behrens D, Fichtner I, Przybilla D, Wruck W, Yaspo ML, Lehrach H, Schäfer R, Regenbrecht CRA. The nerve growth factor receptor CD271 is crucial to maintain tumorigenicity and stem-like properties of melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92596. [PMID: 24799129 PMCID: PMC4010406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale genomic analyses of patient cohorts have revealed extensive heterogeneity between individual tumors, contributing to treatment failure and drug resistance. In malignant melanoma, heterogeneity is thought to arise as a consequence of the differentiation of melanoma-initiating cells that are defined by cell-surface markers like CD271 or CD133. Results Here we confirmed that the nerve growth factor receptor (CD271) is a crucial determinant of tumorigenicity, stem-like properties, heterogeneity and plasticity in melanoma cells. Stable shRNA mediated knock-down of CD271 in patient-derived melanoma cells abrogated their tumor-initiating and colony-forming capacity. A genome-wide expression profiling and gene-set enrichment analysis revealed novel connections of CD271 with melanoma-associated genes like CD133 and points to a neural crest stem cell (NCSC) signature lost upon CD271 knock-down. In a meta-analysis we have determined a shared set of 271 differentially regulated genes, linking CD271 to SOX10, a marker that specifies the neural crest. To dissect the connection of CD271 and CD133 we have analyzed 10 patient-derived melanoma-cell strains for cell-surface expression of both markers compared to established cell lines MeWo and A375. We found CD271+ cells in the majority of cell strains analyzed as well as in a set of 16 different patient-derived melanoma metastases. Strikingly, only 2/12 cell strains harbored a CD133+ sub-set that in addition comprised a fraction of cells of a CD271+/CD133+ phenotype. Those cells were found in the label-retaining fraction and in vitro deduced from CD271+ but not CD271 knock-down cells. Conclusions Our present study provides a deeper insight into the regulation of melanoma cell properties and points CD271 out as a regulator of several melanoma-associated genes. Further, our data strongly suggest that CD271 is a crucial determinant of stem-like properties of melanoma cells like colony-formation and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Redmer
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Welte
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Behrens
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Przybilla
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics (LFGC) - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans Lehrach
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian R. A. Regenbrecht
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics (LFGC) - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Scheffler SU, Gonnermann J, Kamp J, Przybilla D, Pruss A. Remodeling of ACL allografts is inhibited by peracetic acid sterilization. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:1810-8. [PMID: 18491201 PMCID: PMC2584264 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sterilization of allografts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has become an important prerequisite to prevent disease transmission. However, current sterilization techniques impair the biological or mechanical properties of such treated grafts. Peracetic acid (PAA) has been successfully used to sterilize bone allografts without these disadvantages and does not impair the mechanical properties of soft tissue grafts in vitro. We asked whether PAA sterilization would influence recellularization, restoration of crimp length and pattern, and revascularization of ACL grafts during early healing. We used an in vivo sheep model for open ACL reconstruction. We also correlated the histologic findings with the restoration of anteroposterior stability and structural properties during load-to-failure testing. PAA slowed remodeling activity at 6 and 12 weeks compared to nonsterilized allografts and autografts. The mechanical properties of PAA grafts were also reduced compared to these control groups at both time points. We conclude PAA sterilization currently should not be used to sterilize soft tissue grafts typically used in ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven U. Scheffler
- Sports Medicine & Arthroscopy Service, Department for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Gonnermann
- Sports Medicine & Arthroscopy Service, Department for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kamp
- Sports Medicine & Arthroscopy Service, Department for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Przybilla
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Pruss
- Tissue Bank Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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