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Brown RI, Kawakami K, Kucenas S. A novel gene trap line for visualization and manipulation of erbb3b + neural crest and glial cells in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2022; 482:114-123. [PMID: 34932993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glia are a diverse and essential cell type in the vertebrate nervous system. Transgenic tools and fluorescent reporter lines are critical resources to investigate how glial subtypes develop and function. However, despite the many lines available in zebrafish, the community still lacks the ability to label all unique stages of glial development and specific subpopulations of cells. To address this issue, we screened zebrafish gene and enhancer trap lines to find a novel reporter for peripheral glial subtypes. From these, we generated the gSAIzGFFD37A transgenic line that expresses GFP in neural crest cells and central and peripheral glia. We found that the gene trap construct is located within an intron of erbb3b, a gene essential for glial development. Additionally, we confirmed that GFP+ cells express erbb3b along with sox10, a known glial marker. From our screen, we have identified the gSAIzGFFD37A line as a novel and powerful tool for studying glia in the developing zebrafish, as well as a new resource to manipulate erbb3b+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Isadora Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka, 444-8540, Japan
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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2
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Parra O, Thuraisingam R, Baker ML, Kerr DA, Linos K. Adding Perplexity to Rarity: Diffuse S100-Protein and SOX10 Expression in a Molecularly Confirmed PAX7-Positive Primary Cutaneous Ewing Sarcoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:984-989. [PMID: 34132666 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a very rare neoplasm that shares similar morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features with its osseous counterpart. Herein, we present an extraordinarily rare case of PAX7-positive cutaneous EWS in a 9-year-old girl that was also diffusely positive for SOX10 and S100-protein. Next generation sequencing detected the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion supporting the diagnosis, which was further validated by break-apart EWSR1 fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diffuse S100-protein and SOX10 expression has been reported only in a handful of cases of EWS and may pose significant diagnostic challenges for dermatopathologists. PAX7 is a recently introduced marker, which is highly sensitive for EWS and can potentially have discriminatory power in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous undifferentiated round blue cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Parra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and
| | - Ravina Thuraisingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and
| | - Michael L Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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3
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Adkins BD, Geromes A, Zhang LY, Chernock R, Kimmelshue K, Lewis J, Ely K. SOX10 and GATA3 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 14:406-411. [PMID: 31222589 PMCID: PMC7235140 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating between adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) can be difficult on small biopsies and cytologic specimens. As such, further characterization of their immunophenotype may aid in distinction. Previous studies have found AdCC to be SOX10+/GATA3 variable and PAC to be GATA3 negative. SOX10 expression in PAC has, as yet, not been established. We performed GATA3 and SOX10 immunohistochemistry on whole sections of 25 cases each of AdCC and PAC (including both classic PAC and the cribriform variant) to assess whether these markers are of diagnostic utility in distinguishing between these entities. SOX10 was found to be positive in 100% of PAC and AdCC whereas GATA 3 was immunoreactive in 45% of AdCCs and 20% of PAC. While this is the first series to compare SOX10 and GATA3 staining in these two tumor types, their frequent expression and similar staining patterns render them of limited value in discriminating between these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Adkins
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, MCN CC3322, Nashville, TN, 37232-2561, USA
| | - Ariana Geromes
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, MCN CC3322, Nashville, TN, 37232-2561, USA
| | - Lily Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Chernock
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Kimmelshue
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, MCN CC3322, Nashville, TN, 37232-2561, USA
| | - James Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, MCN CC3322, Nashville, TN, 37232-2561, USA
| | - Kim Ely
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, MCN CC3322, Nashville, TN, 37232-2561, USA.
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4
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Uka R, Britschgi C, Krättli A, Matter C, Mihic D, Okoniewski MJ, Gualandi M, Stupp R, Cinelli P, Dummer R, Levesque MP, Shakhova O. Temporal activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling is sufficient to inhibit SOX10 expression and block melanoma growth. Oncogene 2020; 39:4132-4154. [PMID: 32238882 PMCID: PMC8076051 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the systemic treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma using immune checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the majority of stage IV melanoma patients eventually succumb to the disease. We have previously identified the transcription factor Sox10 as a crucial player in melanoma, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating Sox10-dependent tumorigenesis remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that MEK and RAF inhibitors do not suppress levels of SOX10 protein in patient-derived cells in vitro, as well as in melanoma patients in vivo. In a search for pharmacological inhibitors of SOX10, we performed a mass spectrometry-based screen in human melanoma cells. Subsequent analysis revealed that SOX10 directly interacts with β-catenin, which is a key mediator of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We demonstrate that inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (GSK3α/β) efficiently abrogate SOX10 protein in human melanoma cells in vitro and in melanoma mouse models in vivo. The mechanism of action of GSK3-mediated SOX10 suppression is transcription-independent and relies on the presence of a proteasome degradable form of β-catenin. Taken together, we provide evidence that activation of canonical Wnt signaling has a profound effect on melanoma growth and is able to counteract Sox10-dependent melanoma maintenance both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhep Uka
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
| | - Christian Britschgi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
| | - Anja Krättli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
| | - Claudia Matter
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
| | - Daniela Mihic
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, UK
| | - Michal J Okoniewski
- Scientific IT Services ETH Zurich, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 11, 8092, Zürich, UK
| | - Marco Gualandi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091, Zürich, UK
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK
| | - Olga Shakhova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, UK.
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Abstract
Aberrant expression of SRY-box 8 (SOX8) is closely correlated with the development and progression of many types of cancers in human. Limited studies report the relationship between SOX8 expression and overall survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to collect the pathological tissues and clinical data in order to analyze the relationship between SOX8 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of CRC patients. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 424 primary CRC patients with clinicopathological information and follow-up data. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays to explore the relationship between SOX8 expression and clinicopathological information and patient's prognosis. The expression of SOX8 was higher in CRC tissues than that in non-tumor adjacent tissues (NATs, P <.001). High expression of SOX8 was associated with tumor stage (P = .04) and shorter overall survival (OS) after operation of patients (P = .004). Subsequently, univariate COX analysis identified that high expression of SOX8 (P = .004), differentiation (P = .006), distant metastasis (P <.001), tumor stage (P = .003), and higher rate of lymph node metastasis (P <.001), all significantly predicted decrease in OS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that distant metastasis (P <.001), high SOX8 expression, (P = .013) and lymph node metastasis (P <.001) were independent poor prognostic factors in CRC patients. This study showed that SOX8 is over-expressed in patients with high T stage, which affects the outcome of prognosis in CRC patients. High expression of SOX8 usually has a poor independent prognostic factor for CRC.
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de Barros Mendes Lopes T, Groth EE, Veras M, Furuya TK, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Ribeiro Júnior G, Lopes FD, de Almeida FM, Cardoso WV, Saldiva PHN, Chammas R, Mauad T. Pre- and postnatal exposure of mice to concentrated urban PM 2.5 decreases the number of alveoli and leads to altered lung function at an early stage of life. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:511-520. [PMID: 29883952 PMCID: PMC6407120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to air pollution is associated with negative outcomes in newborns and children. In a previous study, we demonstrated a synergistic negative effect of pre- and postnatal exposure to PM2.5 on lung development in mice. However, the means by which air pollution affects development of the lung have not yet been identified. In this study, we exposed pregnant BALB/c mice and their offspring to concentrated urban PM2.5 (from São Paulo, Brazil; target dose 600 μg/m3 for 1 h daily). Exposure was started on embryonic day 5.5 (E5.5, time of placental implantation). Lung tissue of fetuses and offspring was submitted to stereological and transcriptomic analyses at E14.5 (pseudoglandular stage of lung development), E18.5 (saccular stage) and P40 (postnatal day 40, alveolarized lung). Additionally, lung function and cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were studied in offspring animals at P40. Compared to control animals that were exposed to filtered air throughout gestation and postnatal life, PM-exposed mice exhibited higher lung elastance and a lower alveolar number at P40 whilst the total lung volume and cellularity of BAL fluid were not affected. Glandular and saccular structures of fetal lungs were not altered upon gestational exposure; transcriptomic signatures, however, showed changes related to DNA damage and its regulation, inflammation and regulation of cell proliferation. A differential expression was validated at E14.5 for the candidates Sox8, Angptl4 and Gas1. Our data substantiate the in utero biomolecular effect of gestational exposure to air pollution and provide first-time stereological evidence that pre- and early life-postnatal exposure compromise lung development, leading to a reduced number of alveoli and an impairment of lung function in the adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Barros Mendes Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Espen E Groth
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane K Furuya
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Degobbi Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine M de Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Nishimura K, Noda T, Dabdoub A. Dynamic Expression of Sox2, Gata3, and Prox1 during Primary Auditory Neuron Development in the Mammalian Cochlea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170568. [PMID: 28118374 PMCID: PMC5261741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary auditory neurons (PANs) connect cochlear sensory hair cells in the mammalian inner ear to cochlear nucleus neurons in the brainstem. PANs develop from neuroblasts delaminated from the proneurosensory domain of the otocyst and keep maturing until the onset of hearing after birth. There are two types of PANs: type I, which innervate the inner hair cells (IHCs), and type II, which innervate the outer hair cells (OHCs). Glial cells surrounding these neurons originate from neural crest cells and migrate to the spiral ganglion. Several transcription factors are known to regulate the development and differentiation of PANs. Here we systematically examined the spatiotemporal expression of five transcription factors: Sox2, Sox10, Gata3, Mafb, and Prox1 from early delamination at embryonic day (E) 10.5 to adult. We found that Sox2 and Sox10 were initially expressed in the proneurosensory cells in the otocyst (E10.5). By E12.75 both Sox2 and Sox10 were downregulated in the developing PANs; however, Sox2 expression transiently increased in the neurons around birth. Furthermore, both Sox2 and Sox10 continued to be expressed in spiral ganglion glial cells. We also show that Gata3 and Prox1 were first expressed in all developing neurons, followed by a decrease in expression of Gata3 and Mafb in type I PANs and Prox1 in type II PANs as they matured. Moreover, we describe two subtypes of type II neurons based on Peripherin expression. These results suggest that Sox2, Gata3 and Prox1 play a role during neurogenesis as well as maturation of the PANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishimura
- Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Teppei Noda
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Abstract
SIX1 homeodomain protein is one of the essential key regulators of sensory organ development. Six1-deficient mice lack the olfactory epithelium, vomeronasal organs, cochlea, vestibule and vestibuloacoustic ganglion, and also show poor neural differentiation in the distal part of the cranial ganglia. Simultaneous loss of both Six1 and Six4 leads to additional abnormalities such as small trigeminal ganglion and abnormal dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The aim of this study was to understand the molecular mechanism that controls Six1 expression in sensory organs, particularly in the trigeminal ganglion and DRG. To this end, we focused on the sensory ganglia-specific Six1 enhancer (Six1-8) conserved between chick and mouse. In vivo reporter assays using both animals identified an important core region comprising binding consensus sequences for several transcription factors including nuclear hormone receptors, TCF/LEF, SMAD, POU homeodomain and basic-helix-loop-helix proteins. The results provided information on upstream factors and signals potentially relevant to Six1 regulation in sensory neurons. We also report the establishment of a new transgenic mouse line (mSix1-8-NLSCre) that expresses Cre recombinase under the control of mouse Six1-8. Cre-mediated recombination was detected specifically in ISL1/2-positive sensory neurons of Six1-positive cranial sensory ganglia and DRG. The unique features of the mSix1-8-NLSCre line are the absence of Cre-mediated recombination in SOX10-positive glial cells and central nervous system and ability to induce recombination in a subset of neurons derived from the olfactory placode/epithelium. This mouse model can be potentially used to advance research on sensory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Sato
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Yajima
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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9
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Shakhova O, Cheng P, Mishra PJ, Zingg D, Schaefer SM, Debbache J, Häusel J, Matter C, Guo T, Davis S, Meltzer P, Mihic-Probst D, Moch H, Wegner M, Merlino G, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Santoro R, Cinelli P, Sommer L. Antagonistic cross-regulation between Sox9 and Sox10 controls an anti-tumorigenic program in melanoma. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004877. [PMID: 25629959 PMCID: PMC4309598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most fatal skin cancer, but the etiology of this devastating disease is still poorly understood. Recently, the transcription factor Sox10 has been shown to promote both melanoma initiation and progression. Reducing SOX10 expression levels in human melanoma cells and in a genetic melanoma mouse model, efficiently abolishes tumorigenesis by inducing cell cycle exit and apoptosis. Here, we show that this anti-tumorigenic effect functionally involves SOX9, a factor related to SOX10 and upregulated in melanoma cells upon loss of SOX10. Unlike SOX10, SOX9 is not required for normal melanocyte stem cell function, the formation of hyperplastic lesions, and melanoma initiation. To the contrary, SOX9 overexpression results in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and a gene expression profile shared by melanoma cells with reduced SOX10 expression. Moreover, SOX9 binds to the SOX10 promoter and induces downregulation of SOX10 expression, revealing a feedback loop reinforcing the SOX10 low/SOX9 high ant,m/ii-tumorigenic program. Finally, SOX9 is required in vitro and in vivo for the anti-tumorigenic effect achieved by reducing SOX10 expression. Thus, SOX10 and SOX9 are functionally antagonistic regulators of melanoma development. For the development of future cancer therapies it is imperative to understand the molecular processes underlying tumor initiation and expansion. Many key factors involved in these processes have been identified based on cell culture and transplantation experiments, but their relevance for tumor formation and disease progression in the living organism is often unclear. Therefore, genetically modified mice spontaneously developing tumors present indispensable models for cancer research. Here, we address this issue by studying the formation of melanoma, the most fatal skin tumor in industrialized countries. To this end, we use a transgenic mouse model to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating congenital nevus and melanoma initiation. We show that a transcription factor called SOX10 promotes melanoma formation by repressing an anti-tumorigenic program involving the activity of a related factor, SOX9. When SOX10 is inactivated, SOX9 becomes upregulated and induces cell cycle arrest and death in melanoma cells. Furthermore, upon experimental elevation of SOX9 levels, SOX10 activity is suppressed, revealing an antagonistic relationship between SOX9 and SOX10 in melanoma initiation. Knowledge of how an anti-tumorigenic program can be stimulated by modulating the activities of these key factors might help to design novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shakhova
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pravin J. Mishra
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Zingg
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Schaefer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Debbache
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Häusel
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Matter
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Guo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean Davis
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniela Mihic-Probst
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, FAU University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Santoro
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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10
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Redmer T, Welte Y, Behrens D, Fichtner I, Przybilla D, Wruck W, Yaspo ML, Lehrach H, Schäfer R, Regenbrecht CRA. The nerve growth factor receptor CD271 is crucial to maintain tumorigenicity and stem-like properties of melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92596. [PMID: 24799129 PMCID: PMC4010406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale genomic analyses of patient cohorts have revealed extensive heterogeneity between individual tumors, contributing to treatment failure and drug resistance. In malignant melanoma, heterogeneity is thought to arise as a consequence of the differentiation of melanoma-initiating cells that are defined by cell-surface markers like CD271 or CD133. Results Here we confirmed that the nerve growth factor receptor (CD271) is a crucial determinant of tumorigenicity, stem-like properties, heterogeneity and plasticity in melanoma cells. Stable shRNA mediated knock-down of CD271 in patient-derived melanoma cells abrogated their tumor-initiating and colony-forming capacity. A genome-wide expression profiling and gene-set enrichment analysis revealed novel connections of CD271 with melanoma-associated genes like CD133 and points to a neural crest stem cell (NCSC) signature lost upon CD271 knock-down. In a meta-analysis we have determined a shared set of 271 differentially regulated genes, linking CD271 to SOX10, a marker that specifies the neural crest. To dissect the connection of CD271 and CD133 we have analyzed 10 patient-derived melanoma-cell strains for cell-surface expression of both markers compared to established cell lines MeWo and A375. We found CD271+ cells in the majority of cell strains analyzed as well as in a set of 16 different patient-derived melanoma metastases. Strikingly, only 2/12 cell strains harbored a CD133+ sub-set that in addition comprised a fraction of cells of a CD271+/CD133+ phenotype. Those cells were found in the label-retaining fraction and in vitro deduced from CD271+ but not CD271 knock-down cells. Conclusions Our present study provides a deeper insight into the regulation of melanoma cell properties and points CD271 out as a regulator of several melanoma-associated genes. Further, our data strongly suggest that CD271 is a crucial determinant of stem-like properties of melanoma cells like colony-formation and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Redmer
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Welte
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Behrens
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Przybilla
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics (LFGC) - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans Lehrach
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian R. A. Regenbrecht
- Institute of Pathology - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics (LFGC) - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Locher H, de Groot JCMJ, van Iperen L, Huisman MA, Frijns JHM, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. Distribution and development of peripheral glial cells in the human fetal cochlea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88066. [PMID: 24498246 PMCID: PMC3909285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human cochlea contains various types of peripheral glial cells that envelop or myelinate the three different domains of the spiral ganglion neurons: the central processes in the cochlear nerve, the cell bodies in the spiral ganglia, and the peripheral processes in the osseous spiral lamina. Little is known about the distribution, lineage separation and maturation of these peripheral glial cells in the human fetal cochlea. In the current study, we observed peripheral glial cells expressing SOX10, SOX9 and S100B as early as 9 weeks of gestation (W9) in all three neuronal domains. We propose that these cells are the common precursor to both mature Schwann cells and satellite glial cells. Additionally, the peripheral glial cells located along the peripheral processes expressed NGFR, indicating a phenotype distinct from the peripheral glial cells located along the central processes. From W12, the spiral ganglion was gradually populated by satellite glial cells in a spatiotemporal gradient. In the cochlear nerve, radial sorting was accomplished by W22 and myelination started prior to myelination of the peripheral processes. The developmental dynamics of the peripheral glial cells in the human fetal cochlea is in support of a neural crest origin. Our study provides the first overview of the distribution and maturation of peripheral glial cells in the human fetal cochlea from W9 to W22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Locher
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - John C. M. J. de Groot
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Iperen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Margriet A. Huisman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan H. M. Frijns
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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12
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Cimino-Mathews A, Subhawong AP, Elwood H, Warzecha HN, Sharma R, Park BH, Taube JM, Illei PB, Argani P. Neural crest transcription factor Sox10 is preferentially expressed in triple-negative and metaplastic breast carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:959-65. [PMID: 23260325 PMCID: PMC3978178 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox10 mediates the differentiation of neural crest-derived cells, and Sox10 labeling by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used clinically primarily to support the diagnosis of melanoma. Sox10 expression by IHC has been previously documented in benign breast myoepithelial cells but not in breast carcinomas. Here, we report the first systematic study of Sox10 expression in invasive ductal carcinomas subclassified by IHC-defined molecular subtype (100 cases), as well as in 24 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 44 mammary fibroepithelial neoplasms. Tissue microarrays containing 168 primary breast tumors were subjected to IHC for Sox10. The extent of nuclear Sox10 labeling was scored by percentage labeling as follows: 0 (0%), 1+ (1%-25%), 2+ (25%-50%), 3+ (50%-75%), and 4+ (>75%). Overall, 40 (40%) of 100 invasive breast carcinomas demonstrated Sox10 immunoreactivity, which was seen primarily in the basal-like, unclassified triple-negative, and metaplastic carcinomas. Sox10 labeling was seen in 66% (38/58) of the basal-like, unclassified triple-negative, and metaplastic carcinomas as compared with 5% (2/42) of the luminal A, luminal B, and Her-2 carcinomas (P < .00001). Sox10 labeling was seen in 1 (4%) of 24 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ, which was negative for estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor. No labeling was seen in the stromal component of phyllodes tumors or fibroadenomas. These findings show that breast carcinoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of melanoma for an S100-positive, Sox10-positive metastatic malignant neoplasm. Sox10 expression in the basal-like, unclassified triple-negative, and metaplastic carcinomas types supports the concept that these neoplasms show myoepithelial differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/pathology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis
- SOXE Transcription Factors/analysis
- SOXE Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Tissue Array Analysis
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13
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Kwak J, Park OK, Jung YJ, Hwang BJ, Kwon SH, Kee Y. Live image profiling of neural crest lineages in zebrafish transgenic lines. Mol Cells 2013; 35:255-60. [PMID: 23456294 PMCID: PMC3887912 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish transgenic lines are important experimental tools for lineage tracing and imaging studies. It is crucial to precisely characterize the cell lineages labeled in transgenic lines to understand their limitations and thus properly interpret the data obtained from their use; only then can we confidently select a line appropriate for our particular research objectives. Here we profiled the cell lineages labeled in the closely related neural crest transgenic lines Tg(foxd3:GFP), Tg(sox10:eGFP) and Tg(sox10:mRFP). These fish were crossed to generate embryos, in which foxd3 and sox10 transgenic neural crest labeling could be directly compared at the cellular level using live confocal imaging. We have identified key differences in the cell lineages labeled in each line during early neural crest development and demonstrated that the most anterior cranial neural crest cells initially migrating out of neural tube at the level of forebrain and anterior midbrain express sox10:eGFP and sox10:mRFP, but not foxd3:GFP. This differential profile was robustly maintained in the differentiating progeny of the neural crest lineages until 3.5dpf. Our data will enable researchers to make an informed choice in selecting transgenic lines for future neural crest research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kwak
- Department of Systems Immunology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
| | - Ok Kyu Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
| | - Yoo Jung Jung
- Department of Systems Immunology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
| | - Byung Joon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
| | - Yun Kee
- Department of Systems Immunology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200–701,
Korea
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14
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Blochin E, Nonaka D. Diagnostic value of Sox10 immunohistochemical staining for the detection of metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph nodes. Histopathology 2010; 55:626-8. [PMID: 19912373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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