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Sellar RS, Sperling AS, Słabicki M, Gasser JA, McConkey ME, Donovan KA, Mageed N, Adams DN, Zou C, Miller PG, Dutta RK, Boettcher S, Lin AE, Sandoval B, Quevedo Barrios VA, Kovalcik V, Koeppel J, Henderson EK, Fink EC, Yang L, Chan A, Pokharel SP, Bergstrom EJ, Burt R, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Fischer ES, Chen CW, Ebert BL. Degradation of GSPT1 causes TP53-independent cell death in leukemia while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153514. [PMID: 35763353 PMCID: PMC9374383 DOI: 10.1172/jci153514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is a rapidly advancing and expanding therapeutic approach. Drugs that degrade GSPT1 via the CRL4CRBN ubiquitin ligase are a new class of cancer therapy in active clinical development with evidence of activity against acute myeloid leukemia in early-phase trials. However, other than activation of the integrated stress response, the downstream effects of GSPT1 degradation leading to cell death are largely undefined, and no murine models are available to study these agents. We identified the domains of GSPT1 essential for cell survival and show that GSPT1 degradation leads to impaired translation termination, activation of the integrated stress response pathway, and TP53-independent cell death. CRISPR/Cas9 screens implicated decreased translation initiation as protective following GSPT1 degradation, suggesting that cells with higher levels of translation are more susceptible to the effects of GSPT1 degradation. We defined 2 Crbn amino acids that prevent Gspt1 degradation in mice, generated a knockin mouse with alteration of these residues, and demonstrated the efficacy of GSPT1-degrading drugs in vivo with relative sparing of numbers and function of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Our results provide a mechanistic basis for the use of GSPT1 degraders for the treatment of cancer, including TP53-mutant acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob S. Sellar
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam S. Sperling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica A. Gasser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie E. McConkey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A. Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nada Mageed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dylan N. Adams
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter G. Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ravi K. Dutta
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steffen Boettcher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amy E. Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittany Sandoval
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Veronica Kovalcik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonas Koeppel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Henderson
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Fink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anthony Chan
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sheela Pangeni Pokharel
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Rajan Burt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sperling AS, Burgess M, Keshishian H, Gasser JA, Bhatt S, Jan M, Słabicki M, Sellar RS, Fink EC, Miller PG, Liddicoat BJ, Sievers QL, Sharma R, Adams DN, Olesinski EA, Fulciniti M, Udeshi ND, Kuhn E, Letai A, Munshi NC, Carr SA, Ebert BL. Patterns of substrate affinity, competition, and degradation kinetics underlie biological activity of thalidomide analogs. Blood 2019; 134:160-170. [PMID: 31043423 PMCID: PMC6624968 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic agents that modulate ubiquitin ligase activity to induce protein degradation are a major new class of therapeutic agents, active in a number of hematologic malignancies. However, we currently have a limited understanding of the determinants of activity of these agents and how resistance develops. We developed and used a novel quantitative, targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assay to determine the relative activities, kinetics, and cell-type specificity of thalidomide and 4 analogs, all but 1 of which are in clinical use or clinical trials for hematologic malignancies. Thalidomide analogs bind the CRL4CRBN ubiquitin ligase and induce degradation of particular proteins, but each of the molecules studied has distinct patterns of substrate specificity that likely underlie the clinical activity and toxicities of each drug. Our results demonstrate that the activity of molecules that induce protein degradation depends on the strength of ligase-substrate interaction in the presence of drug, the levels of the ubiquitin ligase, and the expression level of competing substrates. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of resistance to this class of drugs mediated by competition between substrates for access to a limiting pool of the ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrate that increased expression of a nonessential substrate can lead to decreased degradation of other substrates that are critical for antineoplastic activity of the drug, resulting in drug resistance. These studies provide general rules that govern drug-dependent substrate degradation and key differences between thalidomide analog activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Sperling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Jessica A Gasser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Shruti Bhatt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Max Jan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Rob S Sellar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Fink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Peter G Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brian J Liddicoat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Quinlan L Sievers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Rohan Sharma
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dylan N Adams
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Elyse A Olesinski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Eric Kuhn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Fink EC, McConkey M, Adams DN, Haldar SD, Kennedy JA, Guirguis AA, Udeshi ND, Mani DR, Chen M, Liddicoat B, Svinkina T, Nguyen AT, Carr SA, Ebert BL. Crbn I391V is sufficient to confer in vivo sensitivity to thalidomide and its derivatives in mice. Blood 2018; 132:1535-1544. [PMID: 30064974 PMCID: PMC6172563 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-852798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are clinically effective treatments for multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome with del(5q). These molecules lack activity in murine models, limiting investigation of their therapeutic activity or toxicity in vivo. Here, we report the development of a mouse model that is sensitive to thalidomide derivatives because of a single amino acid change in the direct target of thalidomide derivatives, cereblon (Crbn). In human cells, thalidomide and its analogs bind CRBN and recruit protein targets to the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. We show that mice with a single I391V amino acid change in Crbn exhibit thalidomide-induced degradation of drug targets previously identified in human cells, including Ikaros (Ikzf1), Aiolos (Ikzf3), Zfp91, and casein kinase 1a1 (Ck1α), both in vitro and in vivo. We use the Crbn I391V model to demonstrate that the in vivo therapeutic activity of lenalidomide in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome can be explained by heterozygous expression of Ck1α in del(5q) cells. We found that lenalidomide acts on hematopoietic stem cells with heterozygous expression of Ck1α and inactivation of Trp53 causes lenalidomide resistance. We further demonstrate that Crbn I391V is sufficient to confer thalidomide-induced fetal loss in mice, capturing a major toxicity of this class of drugs. Further study of the Crbn I391V model will provide valuable insights into the in vivo efficacy and toxicity of this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Fink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Marie McConkey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dylan N Adams
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Saurav D Haldar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - James A Kennedy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Andrew A Guirguis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - D R Mani
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michelle Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brian Liddicoat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Andrew T Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Hematology, Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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Abstract
Bacteraemia often carries a poor prognosis despite prompt antibiotic therapy and is associated with late morbidity and mortality that is difficult to explain. Here, we describe perisistent B- and T- cell lymphopenia in a cohort of patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteraemia. This suggests previously unrecognized mechanisms of subversion of immunity by pathogens and might explain the comorbidity of blood stream infection with bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hawkins
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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Abstract
AIM To develop a robust, simple and rapid method for detection of vanB in enterococci. METHODS A real-time duplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Enterococcus faecium and vanB resistance genotype in enterococci was developed in conjunction with a simple method for DNA extraction. The assay was tested on 130 fresh plate cultures of clinical isolates of enterococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. RESULTS Forty-eight isolates of vanB E. faecium from 32 different patients and three isolates of vanB E. faecalis were detected within 1 hour. All isolates of E. faecium were identified correctly. CONCLUSION This simple method for the detection of resistance mediated by vanB is a potentially useful method that is suitable for use in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Adams
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Herbert CB, McLernon TL, Hypolite CL, Adams DN, Pikus L, Huang CC, Fields GB, Letourneau PC, Distefano MD, Hu WS. Micropatterning gradients and controlling surface densities of photoactivatable biomolecules on self-assembled monolayers of oligo(ethylene glycol) alkanethiolates. Chem Biol 1997; 4:731-7. [PMID: 9375251 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(97)90311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioactive molecules that are covalently immobilized in patterns on surfaces have previously been used to control or study cell behavior such as adhesion, spreading, movement or differentiation. Photoimmobilization techniques can be used, however, to control not only the spatial pattern of molecular immobilization, termed the micropattern, but also the surface density of the molecules--a characteristic that has not been previously exploited. RESULTS Oligopeptides containing the bioactive Arg-Gly-Asp cell-adhesion sequence were immobilized upon self-assembled monolayers of an oligo(ethylene glycol) alkanethiolate in patterns that were visualized and quantified by autoradiography. The amount and pattern of immobilized peptide were controlled by manipulating the exposure of the sample to a UV lamp or a laser beam. Patterns of peptides, including a density gradient, were used to control the location and number of adherent cells and also the cell shape. CONCLUSIONS A photoimmobilization technique for decorating surfaces with micropatterns that consist of variable densities of bioactive molecules is described. The efficacy of the patterns for controlling cell adhesion and shape has been demonstrated. This technique is useful for the study of cell behavior on micropatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Herbert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Hypolite CL, McLernon TL, Adams DN, Chapman KE, Herbert CB, Huang CC, Distefano MD, Hu WS. Formation of microscale gradients of protein using heterobifunctional photolinkers. Bioconjug Chem 1997; 8:658-63. [PMID: 9327128 DOI: 10.1021/bc9701252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gradients of biological molecules on a microscale have been postulated to elicit cellular responses, such as migration. However, it has been difficult to prepare such gradients for experimental testing. A means for producing such gradients has been developed using a heterobifunctional photolinking agent with laser light activation. The photolinking agent synthesized includes an N-hydroxysuccinimide group and a photoreactive benzophenone (BP) separated by a tetraethylene glycol (TEG) spacer. The presence of the tetraethylene glycol spacer renders the photolinker hydrophilic, a desirable trait for conjugation in aqueous solutions. The linker was then conjugated to R-phycoerythrin (R-PE), a fluorescent protein. The resulting photolinker-R-phycoerythrin conjugate (BP-TEG-PE) was then immobilized onto a polystyrene surface by laser irradiation on a motorized stage. By varying exposure time of the sample to the beam, the amount of BP-TEG-PE immobilized on the surface was changed over an order of magnitude over a distance of 250 microns. This method can be applied to prepare gradients of proteins that elicit biological responses, such as extracellular matrix proteins or growth factors, and to study the biological effects of such gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Hypolite
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0132, USA
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Sanusi ID, Carrington PR, Adams DN. Cervical thymic cyst. Arch Dermatol 1982; 118:122-4. [PMID: 6800306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Various types of cysts that originate in embryonal remnants may be observed in the neck. Among these, branchial cleft and thyroglossal duct cysts are more commonly observed, whereas thymic cysts are rare. Most patients with a cervical thymic cyst complain of a painless, enlarging mass in the neck. The histopathologic features of thymic cysts are diagnostic. Cystic thymomas, which seem to have a more aggressive clinical behavior in children, should be differentiated from the benign cervical thymic cyst. Thymic cysts most probably arise from embryonic remnants of the thymopharyngeal duct. Our patient had a cervical thymic cyst with neurofibromatosis.
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