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Ferrer C, Huertas C, Plaza R, Corredoira E. PO-1735: Superparamagnetic nickel ferrite nanoparticles as contrast agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Obesso A, Alejo L, Huerga C, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Corredoira E, Fernández-Prieto A, Frutos R, Marín B, Garzón G, Peralta J, Ubeda C, Guibelalde E. Eye lens radiation exposure in paediatric interventional treatment of retinoblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20113. [PMID: 31882988 PMCID: PMC6934545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma represents 3% of cancers in children under fifteen years of age. The standard paediatric treatment for saving the affected eye is supraselective intra-arterial chemotherapy performed in interventional rooms. In order to address the radiation toxicity due to the angiography, the aim of this study was to determine the typical dose value corresponding to the procedure, estimate the paediatric patients’ eye lens dose and study the relationship between dose indicators and dose to the lens. An automatic dose management software was installed in two interventional rooms to obtain the distribution of the dose indicators kerma-area product and reference-point air kerma, getting a typical value 16 Gy·cm2 and 130 mGy, respectively (n = 35). The eye lens dose estimates were obtained with photoluminescent dosimeters placed on the patient’s eyelids. In the left eye, the entrance surface air kerma was 44.23 ± 2.66 mGy, and 12.72 ± 0.89 mGy in the right eye (n = 10). There was a positive correlation between dose to the lens per procedure and dose indicators, with R2 > 0.65 for both eyes. Based on this information, the threshold for the onset of radiation-induce cataracts (500 mGy) will be exceeded if the treatment is performed for more than 8 sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Obesso
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Alejo
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Huerga
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sánchez-Muñoz
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Corredoira
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R Frutos
- Neuroradiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Marín
- Neuroradiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Garzón
- Neuroradiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Peralta
- Paediatric Ophthalmology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ubeda
- Medical Technology Department Health Sciences Faculty, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile
| | - E Guibelalde
- Radiology Department, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Ferrer C, Huertas C, Plaza R, de Blas RS, Sánchez F, Corredoira E. EP-2111 Apex micromultileaf SRS Dynamic Conformal Arc treatment comparison with Agility multileaf collimator. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bayón J, Alejo L, Koren C, Huerga C, Corredoira E, Serrada A, Balbacid E, Gutierrez-Larraya F, Guibelalde E. Eye lens dose levels in interventional rooms using simple phantom simulation, dose management software and Monte Carlo method of uncertainty assessment. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:130-137. [PMID: 30237096 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a fast method to estimate the annual eye lens dose levels for interventional practitioners applying the Monte Carlo method of uncertainty assessment. The estimation was performed by placing an anthropomorphic phantom in the typical working position, and applying the habitually employed protocol. No radiation protection devices were considered in the simulation. The results were compatible with the measurements performed during interventions by placing dosimeters in the vicinity of the eyes of two paediatric interventional cardiologists working with a fluoroscopic biplane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bayón
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Alejo
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Koren
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Huerga
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Corredoira
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Serrada
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Balbacid
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - E Guibelalde
- Radiology Department, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Alejo L, Corredoira E, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Huerga C, Aza Z, Plaza-Núñez R, Serrada A, Bret-Zurita M, Parrón M, Prieto-Areyano C, Garzón-Moll G, Madero R, Guibelalde E. Radiation dose optimisation for conventional imaging in infants and newborns using automatic dose management software: an application of the new 2013/59 EURATOM directive. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180022. [PMID: 29537302 PMCID: PMC6223298 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The new 2013/59 EURATOM Directive (ED) demands dosimetric optimisation procedures without undue delay. The aim of this study was to optimise paediatric conventional radiology examinations applying the ED without compromising the clinical diagnosis. METHODS Automatic dose management software (ADMS) was used to analyse 2678 studies of children from birth to 5 years of age, obtaining local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in terms of entrance surface air kerma. Given local DRL for infants and chest examinations exceeded the European Commission (EC) DRL, an optimisation was performed decreasing the kVp and applying the automatic control exposure. To assess the image quality, an analysis of high-contrast resolution (HCSR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and figure of merit (FOM) was performed, as well as a blind test based on the generalised estimating equations method. RESULTS For newborns and chest examinations, the local DRL exceeded the EC DRL by 113%. After the optimisation, a reduction of 54% was obtained. No significant differences were found in the image quality blind test. A decrease in SNR (-37%) and HCSR (-68%), and an increase in FOM (42%), was observed. CONCLUSION ADMS allows the fast calculation of local DRLs and the performance of optimisation procedures in babies without delay. However, physical and clinical analyses of image quality remain to be needed to ensure the diagnostic integrity after the optimisation process. Advances in knowledge: ADMS are useful to detect radiation protection problems and to perform optimisation procedures in paediatric conventional imaging without undue delay, as ED requires.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alejo
- Department of Medical Physics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Corredoira
- Department of Medical Physics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Medical Physics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Huerga
- Department of Medical Physics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Z Aza
- Department of Medical Physics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Plaza-Núñez
- Department of Medical Physics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Serrada
- Department of Medical Physics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bret-Zurita
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Parrón
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Prieto-Areyano
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Garzón-Moll
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Madero
- Department of Biostatistics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Guibelalde
- Department of Radiology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Corredoira E, Aza Z, Huertas C, Sanchez F, Huerga C, Ferrer C. EP-1827: Dose errors due to lung density variations in SBRT VMAT MONACO treatment planning system. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alejo L, Koren C, Corredoira E, Sánchez F, Bayón J, Serrada A, Guibelalde E. Eye lens dose correlations with personal dose equivalent and patient exposure in paediatric interventional cardiology performed with a fluoroscopic biplane system. Phys Med 2017; 36:81-90. [PMID: 28410690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the correlations between the eye lens dose estimates performed with dosimeters placed next to the eyes of paediatric interventional cardiologists working with a biplane system, the personal dose equivalent measured on the thorax and the patient dose. METHODS The eye lens dose was estimated in terms of Hp(0.07) on a monthly basis, placing optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) on goggles. The Hp(0.07) personal dose equivalent was measured over aprons with whole-body OSLDs. Data on patient dose as recorded by the kerma-area product (PKA) were collected using an automatic dose management system. The 2 paediatric cardiologists working in the facility were involved in the study, and 222 interventions in a 1-year period were evaluated. The ceiling-suspended screen was often disregarded during interventions. RESULTS The annual eye lens doses estimated on goggles were 4.13±0.93 and 4.98±1.28mSv. Over the aprons, the doses obtained were 10.83±0.99 and 11.97±1.44mSv. The correlation between the goggles and the apron dose was R2=0.89, with a ratio of 0.38. The correlation with the patient dose was R2=0.40, with a ratio of 1.79μSvGy-1cm-2. The dose per procedure obtained over the aprons was 102±16μSv, and on goggles 40±9μSv. The eye lens dose normalized to PKA was 2.21±0.58μSvGy-1cm-2. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of personal dose equivalent over the paediatric cardiologist's apron are useful to estimate eye lens dose levels if no radiation protection devices are typically used.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alejo
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Koren
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Corredoira
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sánchez
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bayón
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Serrada
- Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Guibelalde
- Radiology Department, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Alejo L, Koren C, Ferrer C, Corredoira E, Serrada A. Estimation of eye lens doses received by pediatric interventional cardiologists. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 103:43-7. [PMID: 26048324 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Maximum Hp(0.07) dose to the eye lens received in a year by the pediatric interventional cardiologists has been estimated. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters were placed on the eyes of an anthropomorphic phantom, whose position in the room simulates the most common irradiation conditions. Maximum workload was considered with data collected from procedures performed in the Hospital. None of the maximum values obtained exceed the dose limit of 20 mSv recommended by ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alejo
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Koren
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ferrer
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Corredoira
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Serrada
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Corredoira E, Ballester A, Ibarra M, Vieitez AM. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in explants of shoot cultures established from adult Eucalyptus globulus and E. saligna × E. maidenii trees. Tree Physiol 2015; 35:678-90. [PMID: 25877768 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A reproducible procedure for induction of somatic embryogenesis (SE) from adult trees of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and the hybrid E. saligna Smith × E. maidenii has been developed for the first time. Somatic embryos were obtained from both shoot apex and leaf explants of all three genotypes evaluated, although embryogenic frequencies were significantly influenced by the species/genotype, auxin and explant type. Picloram was more efficient for somatic embryo induction than naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with the highest frequency of induction being obtained in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 40 µM picloram and 40 mg l(-1) gum Arabic, in which 64% of the shoot apex explants and 68.8% of the leaf explants yielded somatic embryos. The embryogenic response of the hybrid was higher than that of the E. globulus, especially when NAA was used. The cultures initiated on picloram-containing medium consisted of nodular embryogenic structures surrounded by a mucilaginous coating layer that emerged from a watery callus developed from the initial explants. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were differentiated after subculture of these nodular embryogenic structures on a medium lacking plant growth regulators. Histological analysis confirmed the bipolar organization of the somatic embryos, with shoot and root meristems and closed procambial tissue that bifurcated into small cotyledons. The root pole was more differentiated than the shoot pole, which appeared to be formed by a few meristematic layers. Maintenance of the embryogenic lines by secondary SE was attained by subculturing individual cotyledonary embryos or small clusters of globular and torpedo embryos on medium with 16.11 µM NAA at 4- to 5-week intervals. Somatic embryos converted into plantlets after being transferred to liquid germination medium although plant regeneration remained poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Corredoira
- Department of Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 122, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Ballester
- Department of Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 122, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - A M Vieitez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 122, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Corredoira E, Vañó E, Ubeda C, Gutiérrez-Larraya F. Patient doses in paediatric interventional cardiology: impact of 3D rotational angiography. J Radiol Prot 2015; 35:179-195. [PMID: 25632824 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to calculate the contribution of 3D rotational angiography to radiation doses received by paediatric patients in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory. The percentage increase in the median value of air kerma-area product due to cone beam CT was 33 and 16% for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, respectively. Results are presented separately for five age groups and ten weight groups. Several methods for reducing radiation from 3D rotational angiography are suggested and patient doses are compared with previously published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Corredoira
- Medical Physics and Radiation Protection Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Rodriguez Rodriguez I, Asencio Duran M, Escribano Uzcudum A, Corredoira E, Huerga C, Mañas Rueda A. Plaque brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma: A 6-year experience. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Rodriguez Rodriguez I, Asencio Duran M, Garcia Raya P, Moreno P, Corredoira E, Perez E, Mañas Rueda A. Doppler analysis in regression of uveal melanoma after radioactive plaque. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Rodriguez Rodriguez I, Asencio Duran M, Manzano Muñoz B, Escribano Uzcudum A, Corredoira E, Huerga C, Mañas Rueda A. Accurate placement of epiescleral plaque in brachytherapy of choroideal melanoma. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Rodriguez I, Huerga C, Corredoira E, Córdoba A, Romero S, Huertas C, Serrada A, Mañas A. EP-1145 PET/CT GUIDED BRACHYTHERAPY USING RING APPLICATOR IN CERVIX CANCER. A FEASIBILITY STUDY AND DOSIMETRIC COMPARISON. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rodriguez I, Huerga C, Corredoira E, Córdoba A, Elías S, Huertas C, Serrada A, Mañas A. 659 poster PET/CT GUIDED BRACHYTHERAPY USING RING APPLICATOR IN CERVIX CANCER. A FEASIBILITY STUDY AND DOSIMETRIC COMPARISON. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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San-José MC, Corredoira E, Martínez MT, Vidal N, Valladares S, Mallón R, Vieitez AM. Shoot apex explants for induction of somatic embryogenesis in mature Quercus robur L. trees. Plant Cell Rep 2010; 29:661-71. [PMID: 20376670 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for inducing somatic embryos in shoot apex explants (2 mm) excised from shoot proliferation cultures established from adult oak trees (Quercus robur) was investigated. Embryogenesis was induced in shoot tip as well as leaf explants in three out of the five genotypes evaluated. Somatic embryos were formed by culture in induction medium supplemented with 21.48 muM naphthalene acetic acid and 2.22 muM benzyladenine for 8 weeks, and successive transfer of explants to expression media with a low concentration of growth regulators and without them. Both types of explants formed callus tissue from which somatic embryos developed, indicating indirect embryogenesis. Although the embryogenic frequencies were lower than 12%, it did not prevent the establishment of clonal embryogenic lines maintained by repetitive embryogenesis. Histological study confirmed an indirect somatic embryogenesis process from shoot tip explants, in which leaf primordia and the corresponding axial zones were involved in generating callus, whereas the apical meristem itself did not proliferate. The origin of embryogenic cells appeared to be associated with dedifferentiation of certain parenchymal cells in callus regions after transfer of explants to expression media without auxin. Division of embryogenic cells gave rise to proembryo aggregates of unicellular origin, although a multicellular origin from bulging embryogenic areas would also seem possible. Further development led to the formation of cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos and nodular embryogenic structures that may be considered as anomalous embryos with no clear bipolarity. Inducement of somatic embryos from explants isolated from shoot cultures ensures plant material all year round, thus providing a significant advantage over the use of leaf explants from field-grown trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C San-José
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Avda. de Vigo s/n, Apartado 122, 15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Corredoira E, Montenegro D, San-José MC, Vieitez AM, Ballester A. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of European chestnut embryogenic cultures. Plant Cell Rep 2004; 23:311-8. [PMID: 15338188 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 04/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An innovative and efficient genetic transformation protocol for European chestnut is described in which embryogenic cultures are used as the target material. When somatic embryos at the globular or early-torpedo stages were cocultured for 4 days with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harbouring the pUbiGUSINT plasmid containing marker genes, a transformation efficiency of 25% was recorded. Murashige and Skoog culture medium containing 150 mg/l of kanamycin was used as the selection medium. The addition of acetosyringone was detrimental to the transformation efficiency. Transformation was confirmed by a histochemical beta-glucuronidase (GUS ) assay, PCR and Southern blot analyses for the uidA (GUS) and nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase II) genes. At present, 93 GUS-positive chestnut embryogenic lines are being maintained in culture. Low germination rates (6.3%) were recorded for the transformed somatic embryos. The presence of the transferred genes in leaves and shoots derived from the germinated embryos was also verified by the GUS assay and PCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Corredoira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Apartado 122, 15080 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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