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O' Connor E, McGovern FM, Berry DP, Dunne E, McEwan JC, Rowe SJ, Boland TM, Morrison SJ, Aubry A, Yan T, McHugh N. Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from sheep measured using both respiration and portable accumulation chambers. Animal 2024; 18:101140. [PMID: 38626708 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a potent gas produced by ruminants, and new measurement techniques are required to generate large datasets suitable for genetic analysis. One such technique are portable accumulation chambers (PAC), a short-term sampling method. The objectives of the current study were to explore the relationship between CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) output measured using both PAC and respiration chambers (RC) in growing lambs, and separately investigate the relationship among CH4, CO2 and measured ad libitum DM intake (DMI). Methane, CO2 and DMI were measured on 30 Suffolk and 30 Texel ewe lambs (age 253 ± 12 days) using the RC and PAC sequentially. The experiment was conducted over a 14-day period, with DMI measured from days 1 to 14; measurements in RC were conducted from days 10 to 12, while measurements in PAC were taken twice, the day immediately prior to the lambs entering the RC (day 9; PAC Pre-RC) and on the day lambs exited the RC (day 13; PAC Post-RC). Greater CH4 and CO2 output was measured in the RC than in the PAC (P < 0.01); similarly mean CH4 yield was greater when measured in the RC (15.39 ± 0.452 g CH4/kg DMI) compared to PAC (8.01 ± 0.767 g CH4/kg DMI). A moderate correlation of 0.37 was found between CH4 output measured in PAC Pre-RC and the RC, the corresponding regression coefficient of CH4 output measured in the RC regressed on CH4 output measured in PAC Pre-RC was close to unity (0.74; SE 0.224). The variance of CH4 and CO2 output within the measurement technique did not differ from each other (P > 0.05). Moderate to strong correlations were found between CH4 and CO2 per kg of live weight and CH4 and CO2 yield. Results from this study highlight the suitability of PAC as a ranking tool to rank animals based on their gaseous output when compared to the RC. However, repeated measurements separated by several days may be beneficial if precise rankings are required. Given the close to unity regression coefficient of CH4 output measured in the RC regressed on CH4 output measured in PAC Pre-RC suggests that PAC could also be potentially used to estimate absolute CH4 output; however, further research is required to substantiate this claim. When DMI is unknown, CH4 and CO2 per kg of live weight are a suitable alternative to the measurement of CH4 and CO2 yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O' Connor
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, Co. Galway H65 R718, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - F M McGovern
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, Co. Galway H65 R718, Ireland
| | - D P Berry
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 P302, Ireland
| | - E Dunne
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Athenry, Co. Galway H65 R718, Ireland
| | - J C McEwan
- AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - S J Rowe
- AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - T M Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - S J Morrison
- Agri-Food and Bioscience (AFBI), Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, UK
| | - A Aubry
- Agri-Food and Bioscience (AFBI), Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, UK
| | - T Yan
- Agri-Food and Bioscience (AFBI), Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, UK
| | - N McHugh
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 P302, Ireland.
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Connor EO, Dolan E, Horgan F, Robinson K, Galvin R. 1030 EXPERIENCES OF EARLY SUPPORTED DISCHARGE SERVICES FOLLOWING A STROKE: A QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac124.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early supported discharge (ESD) facilitates people with a stroke to be discharged from the hospital environment earlier than conventional care to continue their rehabilitation within the home with a multi-disciplinary team. Known benefits of ESD from Randomised Controlled Trials conducted include reducing the length of a hospital stay, long term dependency, and cost savings. There is limited qualitative evidence available on ESD. This systematic review and qualitative synthesis explored the experiences of those involved in ESD including people with stroke, family members, caregivers as well as healthcare professionals.
Method
A literature search was completed in 11 databases which generated 3,425 articles. Qualitative or mixed
Method
studies that included qualitative data on the experiences of people with stroke, family members, caregivers and healthcare professionals of an ESD service were included. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to appraise the methodological quality of the papers. The findings were synthesised using the three step process for thematic synthesis.
Results
A total of fourteen studies were included with the methodological quality of the studies deemed good overall. Four key themes emerged: 1) ESD is experienced by people with stroke as a goal-focused and supportive process leading to positive outcomes, 2) ESD eases the transition from the hospital to the home environment but the transition from ESD to social and community services is often problematic, 3) Organisational, logistical and inter-professional factors are critical to the success of ESD and 4) The home environment enhances rehabilitation.
Conclusion
The findings of this qualitative evidence synthesis highlight the importance of the home environment in the rehabilitation process post stroke. Key practice implications point to the need for increased attention to periods where care transitions occur from ESD to community services.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Connor
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Castletroy , Limerick, Ireland
- Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown , Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - E Dolan
- Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown , Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - F Horgan
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K Robinson
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Castletroy , Limerick, Ireland
- Ageing Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy , Limerick, Ireland
| | - R Galvin
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Castletroy , Limerick, Ireland
- Ageing Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy , Limerick, Ireland
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Connor EO, Dolan E, Horgan F, Robinson K, Galvin R. 24 EXPERIENCES OF EARLY SUPPORTED DISCHARGE SERVICES FOLLOWING A STROKE: A QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early supported discharge (ESD) facilitates people with a stroke to be discharged from the hospital environment earlier than conventional care to continue their rehabilitation within the home with a multi-disciplinary team. From Randomised Controlled Trials, benefits of ESD include reducing long term dependency, the length of hospital stay and cost savings. This systematic review and qualitative synthesis explores the experiences of those involved in ESD including people with stroke, family members, caregivers as well as the healthcare professionals.
Methods
A literature search was completed in 11 databases which generated 3,425 articles. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that included qualitative data on the experiences of people with stroke, family members, caregivers and healthcare professionals of an ESD service were included. Methodological quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Findings were synthesised using thematic synthesis.
Results
A total of fourteen studies were identified. The methodological quality of the studies was good overall. Four key themes emerged: 1) ESD is experienced by people with stroke as a goal-focused and supportive process leading to positive outcomes, 2) ESD eases the transition from the hospital to the home environment but the transition from ESD to social and community services is often problematic, 3) Organisational, logistical and inter-professional factors are critical to the success of ESD and 4) The home environment enhances rehabilitation.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of home in the rehabilitation process post stroke. Key practice implications point to the need for increased attention to periods where care transitions occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Connor
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown , Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - E Dolan
- Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown , Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - F Horgan
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K Robinson
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Ageing Research Centre , Health Research Institute, , Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- University of Limerick , Health Research Institute, , Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - R Galvin
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Ageing Research Centre , Health Research Institute, , Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- University of Limerick , Health Research Institute, , Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
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De Buitléir C, O' Connor E, Satti MM, Shaw J, Liew A. Efficacy and safety of a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor versus placebo as an add-on therapy for people with type 2 diabetes inadequately treated with metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14409. [PMID: 32979231 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors vs placebo as add-on therapy after metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor dual therapy in type 2 diabetes. METHODS This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018099398). A search was conducted via PubMed, www.clinicaltrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials of relevant randomised controlled trials up until 14 August 2020 that compared sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors vs placebo as add-on therapy after metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS Six randomised controlled trials (1661 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor treatment, as add-on to metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy, was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c level [mean difference -8 mmol/mol, 95% CI -10, -6 (-0.7%, 95% CI -0.9, -0.6); P < 0.00001], in fasting plasma glucose level [mean difference -1.70 mmol/l, 95% CI -1.91, -1.49; P < 0.00001], in weight (mean difference -1.76 kg, 95% CI -2.04, -1.48; P < 0.00001) and in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: mean difference -3.6 mmHg, 95% CI -4.8, -2.4; P < 0.00001; diastolic blood pressure: mean difference -1.5 mmHg; 95% CI -2.4, -0.6; P = 0.002). Genital mycotic infections (odds ratio 7.37, 95% CI 3.06, 17.76; P < 0.00001) were more common with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, but there was no significant statistical difference in urinary tract infections (odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 0.63, 2.13; P = 0.64), in hypoglycaemia (odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI 0.61, 3.04; P = 0.45), or in discontinuation rates due to adverse events (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 0.78, 2.97; P = 0.22) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with placebo, add-on therapy with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor is significantly more efficacious in lowering HbA1c , fasting plasma glucose and weight in people with type 2 diabetes following inadequate glycaemic control with metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. The rate of discontinuation due to adverse events was similar despite higher risk of genital mycotic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Buitléir
- Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - E O' Connor
- Portiuncula University Hospital, Ballinasloe, Ireland
| | - M M Satti
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Shaw
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - A Liew
- Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Portiuncula University Hospital, Ballinasloe, Ireland
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Lambert JS, Else LJ, Jackson V, Breiden J, Gibbons S, Dickinson L, Back DJ, Brennan M, Connor EO, Boyle N, Fleming C, Coulter-Smith S, Khoo SH. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lopinavir/ritonavir in pregnancy. HIV Med 2010; 12:166-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jackson V, Else LJ, Khoo SH, Gibbons SE, Brennan M, Connor EO, Boyle N, Fleming C, Coulter-Smith S, Lambert J. Therapeutic drug monitoring of new formulation Kaletra in pregnancy. J Int AIDS Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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