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Ranabhotu A, Habibian N, Patel B, Farrell E, Do J, Sedghi S, Sedghi L. Case Report: Resolution of high grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion with antibiotics proposes a new role for syphilitic infection in potentiation of HPV-associated ASCC. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1226202. [PMID: 37854673 PMCID: PMC10580285 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1226202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary risk factor for the development of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and is a leading risk factor for anogenital squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). Despite common shared risk factors for both HPV and syphilis, co-infection is not well documented, and the role of syphilitic infection in HPV-associated AIN and ASCC potentiation is not defined. Case description/methods A 72-year-old single male presented with complaints of mild rectal pain and intermittent rectal bleeding. A flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed, and a firm 4.5cm x 3cm perianal mass was detected and superficially biopsied. Pathology findings demonstrated evidence of a high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL, AIN II/III/AIS) with viral cytopathic effect, consistent with HPV infection. Much of the biopsied lesion showed acanthotic squamous mucosa with intraepithelial neutrophils and abundant submucosal plasma cells, suggesting possible syphilitic involvement. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining for p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV was positive, as was an immunohistochemical stain for spirochetes, supportive of co-infection with Treponema pallidum pallidum (T. pallidum), the causative agent in venereal syphilis. The patient was referred to an infectious disease specialist for syphilitic infection and was treated with penicillin with surprisingly complete resolution of the lesion. EUAs were performed 2- and 3-months following treatment without lesion recurrence. However, one year following diagnosis, a flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed a 5 mm recurrent HPV-related low-grade AIN 1 lesion at the dentate line. Discussion Resolution of the lesion by antibiotic treatment for syphilitic infection suggested that co-infection by T. pallidum may potentiate HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma based on histological findings. Findings from this case, as well as a review of bacterial involvement and potentiation in various cancers, are reviewed here. Such findings offer new insight regarding the role of STI-associated bacteria and HPV co-infection in the establishment of AIN and may additionally propose new treatment modalities for ASCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ranabhotu
- Gatroenterology Associates of Central Georgia, Macon, GA, United States
| | - N. Habibian
- Gatroenterology Associates of Central Georgia, Macon, GA, United States
| | - B. Patel
- Gatroenterology Associates of Central Georgia, Macon, GA, United States
| | - E. Farrell
- Gatroenterology Associates of Central Georgia, Macon, GA, United States
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
| | - J. Do
- Advanced Pathology Solutions, Department of Gastroenterology, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - S. Sedghi
- Gatroenterology Associates of Central Georgia, Macon, GA, United States
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
| | - L. Sedghi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Clarke M, O'Connor M, Cluxton C, Farrell E, Fitzpatrick O, Keogh L, Grogan W, McMahon D, Murphy A, Judge L, Conroy M, Naidoo J, Matassa C, Mclaughlin R, Morris P, Hennessy B, Egan K, O'Shea C, O'Doherty D, Breathnach O. CN67 Scattered ward care: The importance of appropriate nursing skill mix in managing oncology inpatients. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Andrés Sastre E, Nossin Y, Jansen I, Kops N, Intini C, Witte-Bouma J, van Rietbergen B, Hofmann S, Ridwan Y, Gleeson JP, O'Brien FJ, Wolvius EB, van Osch GJVM, Farrell E. A new semi-orthotopic bone defect model for cell and biomaterial testing in regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121187. [PMID: 34678648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, an increasing number of tissue engineered bone grafts have been developed. However, expensive and laborious screenings in vivo are necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of their formulations. Rodents are the first choice for initial in vivo screens but their size limits the dimensions and number of the bone grafts that can be tested in orthotopic locations. Here, we report the development of a refined murine subcutaneous model for semi-orthotopic bone formation that allows the testing of up to four grafts per mouse one order of magnitude greater in volume than currently possible in mice. Crucially, these defects are also "critical size" and unable to heal within the timeframe of the study without intervention. The model is based on four bovine bone implants, ring-shaped, where the bone healing potential of distinct grafts can be evaluated in vivo. In this study we demonstrate that promotion and prevention of ossification can be assessed in our model. For this, we used a semi-automatic algorithm for longitudinal micro-CT image registration followed by histological analyses. Taken together, our data supports that this model is suitable as a platform for the real-time screening of bone formation, and provides the possibility to study bone resorption, osseointegration and vascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andrés Sastre
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Nossin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Jansen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - N Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Intini
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B van Rietbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Y Ridwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J P Gleeson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Center for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E B Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Jones H, Gendre A, Farrell E, Looby S, Gaffney R. An Incidental Finding of a Lingual Thyroid Gland. Ir Med J 2021; 114:471. [PMID: 37736744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
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Andrés Sastre E, Maly K, Zhu M, Witte-Bouma J, Trompet D, Böhm AM, Brachvogel B, van Nieuwenhoven CA, Maes C, van Osch GJVM, Zaucke F, Farrell E. Spatiotemporal distribution of thrombospondin-4 and -5 in cartilage during endochondral bone formation and repair. Bone 2021; 150:115999. [PMID: 33971315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During skeletal development most bones are first formed as cartilage templates, which are gradually replaced by bone. If later in life those bones break, temporary cartilage structures emerge to bridge the fractured ends, guiding the regenerative process. This bone formation process, known as endochondral ossification (EO), has been widely studied for its potential to reveal factors that might be used to treat patients with large bone defects. The extracellular matrix of cartilage consists of different types of collagens, proteoglycans and a variety of non-collagenous proteins that organise the collagen fibers in complex networks. Thrombospondin-5, also known as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (TSP-5/COMP) is abundant in cartilage, where it has been described to enhance collagen fibrillogenesis and to interact with a variety of growth factors, matrix proteins and cellular receptors. However, very little is known about the skeletal distribution of its homologue thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4). In our study, we compared the spatiotemporal expression of TSP-5 and TSP-4 during postnatal bone formation and fracture healing. Our results indicate that in both these settings, TSP-5 distributes across all layers of the transient cartilage, while the localisation of TSP-4 is restricted to the population of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Furthermore, in fractured bones we observed TSP-4 sparsely distributed in the periosteum, while TSP-5 was absent. Last, we analysed the chemoattractant effects of the two proteins on endothelial cells and bone marrow stem cells and hypothesised that, of the two thrombospondins, only TSP-4 might promote blood vessel invasion during ossification. We conclude that TSP-4 is a novel factor involved in bone formation. These findings reveal TSP-4 as an attractive candidate to be evaluated for bone tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andrés Sastre
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Maly
- Dr. Rolf Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Zhu
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - J Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Trompet
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - A M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - C A van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Razzi F, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Fahy N, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, Apachitei I, Farrell E, Zadpoor AA. Immunomodulation of surface biofunctionalized 3D printed porous titanium implants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:035017. [PMID: 32069447 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have provided many opportunities for the rational design of porous metallic biomaterials with complex and precisely controlled topologies that give rise to unprecedented combinations of mechanical, physical, and biological properties. These favorable properties can be enhanced by surface biofunctionalization to enable full tissue regeneration and minimize the risk of implant-associated infections (IAIs). There is, however, an increasing need to investigate the immune responses triggered by surface biofunctionalized AM porous metals. Here, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of AM porous titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) printed using selective laser melting, and of two additional groups consisting of AM implants surface biofunctionalized using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with/without silver nanoparticles. The responses of human primary macrophages and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were studied in terms of cell viability, cell morphology and biomarkers of macrophage polarization. Non-treated AM porous titanium triggered a strong pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, albeit combined with signs of anti-inflammatory effects. The PEO treatment of AM porous titanium implants showed a higher potential to induce polarization towards a pro-repair macrophage phenotype. We detected no cytotoxicity against hMSCs in any of the groups. However, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles resulted in strong cytotoxicity against attached macrophages. The results of this study indicate the potential immunomodulatory effects of the AM porous titanium enhanced with PEO treatment, and point towards caution and further research when using silver nanoparticles for preventing IAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Razzi
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sivasubramaniyan K, Koevoet WJLM, Hakimiyan AA, Sande M, Farrell E, Hoogduijn MJ, Verhaar JAN, Chubinskaya S, Bühring HJ, van Osch GJVM. Cell-surface markers identify tissue resident multipotential stem/stromal cell subsets in synovial intimal and sub-intimal compartments with distinct chondrogenic properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1831-1840. [PMID: 31536814 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovium contains multipotent progenitor/stromal cells (MPCs) with potential to participate in cartilage repair. Understanding the identity of these MPCs will allow their therapeutic potential to be fully exploited. Hence this study aimed to identify primary synovial MPCs and characterize them in the context of cartilage regeneration. METHODS Primary MPC/MPC-subset specific markers in synovium were identified by FACS analysis of uncultured cells. MPC-subsets from human synovium obtained from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were FACS sorted, cultured, immunophenotyped and chondrogenically differentiated. The anatomical localization of MPCs in synovium was examined using immunohistochemistry. Finally, the presence of these MPC subsets in healthy synovium obtained from human organ donors was examined. RESULTS A combination of CD45, CD31, CD73 and CD90 can isolate two distinct MPC-subsets in synovium. These MPC-subsets, freshly isolated from synovium, did not express CD45 or CD31, but expressed CD73. Additionally, a sub-population of CD73+ cells also expressed CD90. CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90- cells were significantly more chondrogenic than CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90+ cells in the presence of TGFβ1. Interestingly, reduced chondrogenic ability of CD73+CD90+ cells could be reversed by the addition of BMP2, showing discrete chondrogenic factor requirements by distinct cell-subsets. In addition, these MPCs had distinct anatomical localization; CD73 was expressed both in intimal and sub-intimal region while CD90 was enriched in the sub-intimal region. We further demonstrated that these subsets are also present in healthy synovium. CONCLUSIONS We provide indications that primary MPCs in synovial intima and sub-intima are phenotypically and functionally distinct with different chondrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivasubramaniyan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A A Hakimiyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sande
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H-J Bühring
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kiernan CH, KleinJan A, Peeters M, Wolvius EB, Farrell E, Brama PAJ. Allogeneic chondrogenically differentiated human bone marrow stromal cells do not induce dendritic cell maturation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 12:1530-1540. [PMID: 29702747 PMCID: PMC6032931 DOI: 10.1002/term.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)‐mediated endochondral bone formation may be a promising alternative to the current gold standards of autologous bone transplantation, in the development of novel methods for bone repair. Implantation of chondrogenically differentiated BMSCs leads to bone formation in vivo via endochondral ossification. The success of this bone formation in an allogeneic system depends upon the interaction between the implanted constructs and the host immune system. The current study investigated the effect of chondrogenically differentiated human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) pellets on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs) by directly coculturing bone forming chondrogenic hBMSC pellets and immature or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐matured DCs in vitro. Allogeneic chondrogenic hBMSC pellets did not affect the expression of CD80, CD86, or HLADR on immature or LPS‐matured DCs following 24, 48, or 72 hr of coculture. Furthermore, they did not induce or inhibit antigen uptake or migration of the DCs over time. IL‐6 was secreted by allogeneic chondrogenic hBMSC pellets in response to LPS‐matured DCs. Overall, this study has demonstrated that maturation of immature DCs was not influenced by allogeneic chondrogenic hBMSC pellets. This suggests that allogeneic chondrogenic hBMSC pellets do not stimulate immunogenic responses from DCs in vitro and are not expected to indirectly activate T cells via DCs. For this reason, allogeneic chondrogenic bone marrow stromal cell pellets are promising candidates for future tissue engineering strategies utilising allogeneic cells for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kiernan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A KleinJan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Peeters
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E B Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P A J Brama
- School Of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Knuth CA, Andres Sastre E, Fahy NB, Witte-Bouma J, Ridwan Y, Strabbing EM, Koudstaal MJ, van de Peppel J, Wolvius EB, Narcisi R, Farrell E. Collagen type X is essential for successful mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cartilage formation and subsequent endochondral ossification. Eur Cell Mater 2019; 38:106-122. [PMID: 31532540 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v038a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
in tissue engineering, endochondral ossification (EO) is often replicated by chondrogenically differentiating mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro and achieving bone formation through in vivo implantation. The resulting marrow-containing bone constructs are promising as a treatment for bone defects. However, limited bone formation capacity has prevented them from reaching their full potential. This is further complicated since it is not fully understood how this bone formation is achieved. Acellular grafts derived from chondrogenically differentiated MSCs can initiate bone formation; however, which component within these decellularised matrices contribute to bone formation has yet to be determined. Collagen type X (COLX), a hypertrophy-associated collagen found within these constructs, is involved in matrix organisation, calcium binding and matrix vesicle compartmentalisation. However, the importance of COLX during tissue-engineered chondrogenesis and subsequent bone formation is unknown. The present study investigated the importance of COLX by shRNA-mediated gene silencing in primary MSCs. A significant knock-down of COLX disrupted the production of extracellular matrix key components and the secretion profile of chondrogenically differentiated MSCs. Following in vivo implantation, disrupted bone formation in knock-down constructs was observed. The importance of COLX was confirmed during both chondrogenic differentiation and subsequent EO in this tissue engineered setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Knuth C, Kiernan C, Wolvius E, Narcisi R, Farrell E, Farrell E. Understanding tissue-engineered endochondral ossification; towards improved bone formation. Eur Cell Mater 2019; 37:277-291. [PMID: 30968944 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v037a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification (EO) is the process by which the long bones of the body form and has proven to be a promising method in tissue engineering for achieving cell-mediated bone formation. The present review centred on state-of-the-art research pertaining to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-mediated endochondral bone formation, focusing on the role of donor cells, extracellular matrix and host immune cells during tissue-engineered bone formation. Possible research avenues to improve graft outcome and bone output were highlighted, as well as emerging research that, when applied to tissue-engineered bone grafts, offers new promise for improving the likelihood of such grafts transition from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Postbox 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the
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Farrell E. WS07.1 Moving into the 21st century with dietetic care - changing patient perceptions. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mumcuoglu D, Fahmy-Garcia S, Ridwan Y, Nicke J, Farrell E, Kluijtmans SG, van Osch GJ, van Osch GJVM. Injectable BMP-2 delivery system based on collagen-derived microspheres and alginate induced bone formation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 35:242-254. [PMID: 29697853 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v035a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to reduce the clinically used supra-physiological dose of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) (usually 1.5 mg/mL), which carries the risk of adverse events, by using a more effective release system. A slow release system, based on an injectable hydrogel composed of BMP-2-loaded recombinant collagen-based microspheres and alginate, was previously developed. Time- and dose-dependent subcutaneous ectopic bone formation within this system and bone regeneration capacity in a calvarial defect model were investigated. BMP-2 doses of 10 µg, 3 µg and 1 µg per implant (50 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL and 5 µg/mL, respectively) successfully induced ectopic bone formation subcutaneously in rats in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as shown by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histology. In addition, the spatio-temporal control of BMP-2 retention was shown for 4 weeks in vivo by imaging of fluorescently-labelled BMP-2. In the subcritical calvarial defect model, µCT revealed a higher bone volume for the 2 µg of BMP-2 per implant condition (50 µg/mL) as compared to the lower dose used (0.2 µg per implant, 5 µg/mL). Complete defect bridging was obtained with 50 µg/mL BMP-2 after 8 weeks. The BMP-2 concentration of 5 µg/mL was not sufficient to heal a calvarial defect faster than the empty defect or biomaterial control without BMP-2. Overall, this injectable BMP-2 delivery system showed promising results with 50 µg/mL BMP-2 in both the ectopic and calvarial rat defect models, underling the potential of this composite hydrogel for bone regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - S G Kluijtmans
- FUJIFILM Manufacturing Europe B.V., Oudenstaart 1, 5047 TK Tilburg, the
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Chen H, Dy G, Groman A, Farrell E, Miller A, Bushunow P, Adjei A. MA 01.06 A Phase II Study of Etirinotecan Pegol (NKTR-102) in Patients with Chemotherapy-Resistant Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Knuth CA, Witte-Bouma J, Ridwan Y, Wolvius EB, Farrell E. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated endochondral ossification utilising micropellets and brief chondrogenic priming. Eur Cell Mater 2017; 34:142-161. [PMID: 28937176 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v034a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With limited autologous and donor bone graft availability, there is an increasing need for alternative graft substitutes. We have previously shown that chondrogenically priming mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) pellets for 28 d in vitro will reproducibly result in endochondral bone formation after in vivo implantation. However, pellet priming time for clinical applications is quite extensive. A micropellet (μpellet)-fibrin construct was developed and coupled, with a shorter priming period, determined by an in vitro time course experiment. In vitro data showed expression of chondrogenic genes and matrix production after 7 d of chondrogenic priming, indicating that briefer priming could possibly be used to induce bone formation in vivo. 7 and 28 d primed pellet, pellet-fibrin and μpellet-fibrin constructs were cultured for in vitro analysis and implanted subcutaneously for 8 weeks into nude mice. μpellet-fibrin constructs, cultured in vitro for 7 or 28 d, produced comparable bone to standard pellets in vivo. MSC-mediated bone formation was achieved following only 7 d of in vitro priming. Bone formation in vivo appeared to be influenced by overall matrix production pre-implantation. Given this short priming time and the injectable nature of the μpellet-fibrin constructs, this approach might be further developed as an injectable bone substitute, leading to a minimally-invasive treatment option, which would allow for tailored filling of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The
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Maiman M, Del BV, Farrell E, MacAllister W, Vaurio L, LeMonda B, Sheldon S, Slugh M, Arce RM, Barr W. A-60Examining the Clinical Utility of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) for Characterizing Seizure Lateralization in Adults with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Maiman M, Del BV, Farrell E, MacAllister W, Vaurio L, LeMonda B, Sheldon S, Slugh M, Arce RM, Barr W. A-59Association of Epilepsy Severity Factors with Performance on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in Adults with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nicholson G, Alexander L, McCaffrey P, Farrell E. 78SOUTHERN TRUST EXPERIENCE OF ACUTE CARE AT HOME. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx055.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Peng W, de Bruijn H, Farrell E, van Dam G, Witjes M, Robinson D. PDT with cetuximab-IR700DX in head and neck cancer cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Khegai O, Schulte RF, Janich MA, Menzel MI, Farrell E, Otto AM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Glaser SJ, Haase A, Schwaiger M, Wiesinger F. Apparent rate constant mapping using hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. NMR Biomed 2014; 27:1256-65. [PMID: 25156807 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate in solution allows real-time measurement of uptake and metabolism using MR spectroscopic methods. After injection and perfusion, pyruvate is taken up by the cells and enzymatically metabolized into downstream metabolites such as lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate. In this work, we present comprehensive methods for the quantification and interpretation of hyperpolarized 13C metabolite signals. First, a time-domain spectral fitting method is described for the decomposition of FID signals into their metabolic constituents. For this purpose, the required chemical shift frequencies are automatically estimated using a matching pursuit algorithm. Second, a time-discretized formulation of the two-site exchange kinetic model is used to quantify metabolite signal dynamics by two characteristic rate constants in the form of (i) an apparent build-up rate (quantifying the build-up of downstream metabolites from the pyruvate substrate) and (ii) an effective decay rate (summarizing signal depletion due to repetitive excitation, T1-relaxation and backward conversion). The presented spectral and kinetic quantification were experimentally verified in vitro and in vivo using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Using temporally resolved IDEAL spiral CSI, spatially resolved apparent rate constant maps are also extracted. In comparison to single metabolite images, apparent build-up rate constant maps provide improved contrast by emphasizing metabolically active tissues (e.g. tumors) and suppression of high perfusion regions with low conversion (e.g. blood vessels). Apparent build-up rate constant mapping provides a novel quantitative image contrast for the characterization of metabolic activity. Its possible implementation as a quantitative standard will be subject to further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Khegai
- Technische Universität München, Department of Chemistry, Munich, Germany; GE Global Research, Munich, Germany
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Fahy N, de Vries-van Melle ML, Lehmann J, Wei W, Grotenhuis N, Farrell E, van der Kraan PM, Murphy JM, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, van Osch GJVM. Human osteoarthritic synovium impacts chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via macrophage polarisation state. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1167-75. [PMID: 24911520 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell type for the repair of damaged cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). However, OA synovial fluid and factors secreted by synovium impede chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, and the mechanism responsible for this effect remains unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate whether M1 and M2 synovial macrophages can contribute to the inhibition of MSC chondrogenesis. DESIGN The constitution of synovial macrophage subsets was analysed by immunohistochemical staining of human OA synovium sections for CD86 (M1 marker) and CD206 (M2 marker). To assess the effect of synovial macrophages on chondrogenesis, collagen type II (COL2) and aggrecan (ACAN) gene expression were compared between MSCs undergoing chondrogenic differentiation in medium conditioned (CM) by human OA synovial explants, human synovial macrophages and fibroblasts, or peripheral blood derived primary human monocytes differentiated towards an M1 or M2 phenotype. RESULTS OA synovium contained both M1 and M2 macrophages. Medium conditioned by synovial macrophages (CD45 + plastic adherent cells) down-regulated chondrogenic gene expression by MSCs. Additionally, CM of M1 polarised monocytes significantly decreased COL2 and ACAN gene expression by MSCs; this effect was not observed for treatment with CM of M2 polarised monocytes. CONCLUSION MSC chondrogenesis is inhibited by OA synovium CM through factors secreted by synovial macrophages and our findings suggest that M1 polarised subsets are potential mediators of this anti-chondrogenic effect. Modulation of macrophage phenotype may serve as a beneficial strategy to maximise the potential of MSCs for efficient cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fahy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M L de Vries-van Melle
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Lehmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - W Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - N Grotenhuis
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolarynogology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Farrell
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| | | | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolarynogology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kelly MJ, Kinnersley P, Phillips K, Savage K, Farrell E, Morgan B, Whistance R, Lewis V, Mann M, Stephens BL, Blazeby J, Elwyn GJ, Edwards AGK. PP34 Interventions to Promote Informed Consent for Invasive Healthcare Procedures: A Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Spiegelberg L, Braks JAM, Djasim UM, Farrell E, van der Wal KGH, Wolvius EB. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the viability of irradiated soft head and neck tissues in mice. Oral Dis 2013; 20:e111-9. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Spiegelberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - JAM Braks
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - UM Djasim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - KGH van der Wal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - EB Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Leszczynsk A, O'Doherty A, Farrell E, O'Brien F, O'Brien T, Murphy M. ENHANCED ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION IN VESSEL DERIVED STEM CELLS BY ATHEROSCLEROTIC ENVIRONMENT. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303148a.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Alhag M, Farrell E, Toner M, Lee TC, O'Brien FJ, Claffey N. Evaluation of the ability of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds with or without mesenchymal stem cells to heal bone defects in Wistar rats. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 16:47-55. [PMID: 21968608 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-011-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this experiment was to examine the capacity of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, with or without mesenchymal stem cells, to satisfactorily repair a 5-mm rat calvarial defect. METHODS Fifty-five Wistar rats were used in the study. The defects were either left empty to serve as controls (n = 7) or filled with cell-free scaffolds (n = 11), cell-seeded scaffolds that were pre-cultured in standard culture medium (n = 13), cell-seeded scaffolds that were pre-cultured in osteoinductive factor-supplemented medium (n = 12) or particulate autogenous bone (n = 12). The animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery, and specimens were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. The linear bone healing and the bone area within the defect were measured. RESULTS Comparable results were obtained using cell-free collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds and autogenous bone both in terms of linear bone healing (P < 0.986) and area of new bone (P < 0.846). While the test groups showed significantly more bone formation compared to the empty defect control group, the linear bone healing and area of new bone within the defect were significantly lower in the cell-seeded scaffolds than in the cell-free scaffolds. The results have demonstrated that a cell-free collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold is capable of repairing a 5-mm rat calvarial defect as effectively as autogenous bone and that seeding the scaffold with pre-cultured mesenchymal stem cells prior to implantation offered no beneficial effect and resulted in incomplete healing of the defect. CONCLUSIONS The results thus suggest that the scaffold has immense potential for tissue repair showing favorable osteoconductive properties, biocompatibility and degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alhag
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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25
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van Buul GM, Farrell E, Kops N, van Tiel ST, Bos PK, Weinans H, Krestin GP, van Osch GJVM, Bernsen MR. Ferumoxides-protamine sulfate is more effective than ferucarbotran for cell labeling: implications for clinically applicable cell tracking using MRI. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2010; 4:230-6. [PMID: 19839030 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) for labeling cells holds great promise for clinically applicable cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging. For clinical application, an effectively and specifically labeled cell preparation is highly desired (i.e. a large amount of intracellular iron and a negligible amount of extracellular iron). In this study we performed a direct comparison of two SPIO labeling strategies that have both been reported as efficient and clinically translatable approaches. These approaches are cell labeling using ferumoxides-protamine complexes or ferucarabotran particles. Cell labeling was performed on primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and chondrocytes. For both cell types ferumoxides-protamine resulted in a higher percentage of labeled cells, a higher total iron load, a larger amount of intracellular iron and a lower amount of extracellular iron aggregates, compared with ferucarbotran. Consequently, hBMSC and chondrocyte labeling with ferumoxides-protamine is more effective and results in more specific cell labeling than ferucarbotran.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M van Buul
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Weisberg E, Ayton R, Darling G, Farrell E, Murkies A, O'Neill S, Kirkegard Y, Fraser IS. Endometrial and vaginal effects of low-dose estradiol delivered by vaginal ring or vaginal tablet. Climacteric 2009; 8:83-92. [PMID: 15804736 DOI: 10.1080/13697130500087016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The major aims of the study were to compare the safety of a continuous low-dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (ESTring) to that of a vaginal estradiol tablet (Vagifem) on the endometrium and the relief of subjective symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency. Quality of life and acceptability of treatment delivery were also assessed. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, randomized study in which women were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to ESTring and Vagifem and followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was endometrial safety, based on the results of ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness and a progestogen challenge test at baseline and week 48. Efficacy was determined by subjective assessment of urogenital estrogen deficiency symptoms at baseline and weeks 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48 and assessment of signs of vaginal epithelial atrophy by the clinician at baseline, 12 and 48 weeks. In addition, pelvic floor strength, vaginal cytological evaluation and pH, bacteruria and patient acceptability were assessed. Quality of life was assessed using a menopause-specific quality-of-life questionnaire and a 2-day bladder diary at baseline and 12 and 48 weeks. The comparability of the two groups was assessed using ANOVA, chi2 or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS A total of 126 women were randomized to ESTring and 59 to Vagifem. There was no statistical difference between the groups in the alleviation of symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency. Maturation indices increased in both groups, from generally atrophic at baseline to proliferative or highly proliferative at 48 weeks. After 48 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in endometrial thickness between the two groups. A statistically smaller proportion of bleeding/spotting occurred in the ESTring group (n = 0) compared to the Vagifem users (n = 4). Estradiol and total estrone serum levels increased during treatment in both groups but remained within the normal postmenopausal range. General health status in both groups was unchanged but the urogenital component of health burden was significantly improved in both groups. Bladder diary variables showed no differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSION Equivalent endometrial safety and efficacy in the relief of the symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency were demonstrated for the 12 months' use of a low-dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring and a vaginal estradiol tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Weisberg
- Research Division of FPA Health, Sydney Centre for Reproductive Health Research, Ashfield, NSW, Australia
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Ang WC, Farrell E, Vollenhoven B. Effect of hormone replacement therapies and selective estrogen receptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas:a literature review. Climacteric 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/cmt.4.4.284.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Farrell E, Wielopolski P, Pavljasevic P, Kops N, Weinans H, Bernsen MR, van Osch GJVM. Cell labelling with superparamagnetic iron oxide has no effect on chondrocyte behaviour. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:961-7. [PMID: 19147376 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are two rapidly advancing fields of research offering potential for effective treatment of cartilage lesions. Today, chondrocytes are the cell type of choice for use in cartilage repair approaches such as autologous chondrocyte implantation. To verify the safety and efficacy of such approaches it is necessary to determine the fate of these transplanted cells. One way of doing this is prelabelling cells before implantation and tracking them using imaging techniques. The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) for tracking of cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideal for this purpose. It is non-radioactive, does not require viral transfection and is already approved for clinical use as a contrast agent. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of SPIO labelling on adult human chondrocyte behaviour. METHODS Cells were culture expanded and dedifferentiated for two passages and then labelled with SPIO. Effect on cell proliferation was tested. Furthermore, cells were cultured for 21 days in alginate beads in redifferentiation medium. Following this period, cells were analysed for expression of cartilage-related genes, proteoglycan production and collagen protein expression. RESULTS SPIO labelling did not significantly affect any of these parameters relative to unlabelled controls. We also demonstrated SPIO retention within the cells for the full duration of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS This paper demonstrates for the first time the effects of SPIO labelling on chondrocyte behaviour, illustrating its potential for in vivo tracking of implanted chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farrell
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Lennon DR, Farrell E, Martin DR, Stewart JM. Once-daily amoxicillin versus twice-daily penicillin V in group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93:474-8. [PMID: 18337284 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatic fever is a preventable chronic disease preceded by group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis. OBJECTIVE To test the non-inferiority of once-daily (QD) oral amoxicillin to the recommended twice-daily (BID) oral penicillin V in GABHS pharyngitis. METHODS This was a randomised non-inferiority trial carried out in a school-based clinic in New Zealand. Children presenting with GABHS pharyngitis were randomised to oral amoxicillin 1500 mg QD (or 750 mg if bodyweight was <or=30 kg) or to oral penicillin V 500 mg BID (or 250 mg if bodyweight was <or=20 kg) for 10 days. Observed medication and weekend diary cards were used to monitor adherence. OUTCOME Eradication of GABHS, determined with follow-up throat cultures on days 3-6, 12-16 and 26-36. GABHS isolates were serotyped to distinguish bacteriological treatment failures (and relapses) from new acquisitions. Non-inferiority was defined as an upper 95% confidence limit (CL) for the difference in success of eradication in the amoxicillin and penicillin V treatment groups of <or=10%. RESULTS 353 children with positive throat swabs for GABHS were randomised to amoxicillin (n = 177) or penicillin V (n = 176). The upper 95% CL for the differences in positive cultures between the antibiotics was 4.9% at days 3-6, 6.5% at days 12-16 and 8.5% at days 26-36. Treatment failures (including relapses) occurred at each visit in 5.8%, 12.7% and 10.7% of amoxicillin recipients and 6.2%, 11.9% and 11.3% of penicillin V recipients, respectively. No significant differences in resolution of symptoms were noted between treatment groups. One case of unsubstantiated acute rheumatic fever occurred after 7 days of amoxicillin. CONCLUSION In this adequately powered study, once-daily oral amoxicillin is not inferior to twice-daily penicillin V for the treatment and eradication of GABHS in children with pharyngitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Lennon
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Farrell E, O'Connor TM, Duong M, Watson RM, Strinich T, Gauvreau GM, O'Byrne PM. Circulating myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells after allergen inhalation in asthmatic subjects. Allergy 2007; 62:1139-45. [PMID: 17845582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells are key contributors to initiation and maintenance of T-cell immunity to inhaled allergen. The purpose of this study was to enumerate the changes in peripheral blood myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the DCs expressing chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), following diluent and allergen inhalation in asthmatic subjects. METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained from 16 allergic asthmatic subjects before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after inhaled diluent and allergen challenges. Dendritic cells were enumerated using flow cytometry. RESULTS Allergen inhalation significantly reduced mDCs at 6 h (21.3 +/- 2.0 vs 15.0 +/- 1.8/microl blood; P < 0.05) and 24 h (21.5 +/- 3.4 vs 16.4 +/- 2.4/microl blood; P < 0.05) after challenge. Circulating pDCs were significantly lower than baseline up to 24 h after both allergen and diluent challenges. There was a significant efflux of CCR6(+) mDCs from peripheral blood at 6 h and CCR6(+) pDCs at 4 h after allergen challenge, when compared with diluent. There was no difference in the number of circulating CCR7(+) mDCs or pDCs after diluent or allergen challenges. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood mDCs and CCR6(+) mDCs, but not pDCs, are reduced up to 24 h after allergen inhalation. Thus, allergen inhalation causes trafficking of immature CCR6(+) DCs from blood into the airway, while that of the trafficking of the mature CCR7(+) DCs from the airways into the regional lymph nodes probably occurs through the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farrell
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Maclean PS, Parker AN, McQuaker IG, Clark AD, Farrell E, Douglas KW. Ideal body weight correlates better with engraftment after PBSC autograft than actual body weight, but is under-estimated in myeloma patients possibly due to disease-related height loss. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 40:665-9. [PMID: 17646841 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell dose is important in determining rate of engraftment following autograft. We show closer correlation with haematopoietic reconstitution when the CD34+ cell dose is calculated using ideal (IBW) rather than actual (ABW) body weight in 218 patients receiving peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) autograft for haematological malignancy. ABW was 21% greater than IBW thus the median CD34+ dose of 5.0 x 10(6)/kg (ABW) rose to 6.1 x 10(6)/kg when calculated by IBW. Neutrophils reached 0.5 x 10(9)/l in 11 days (range 8-21), while platelets reached 20 x 10(9)/l unsupported in 12 days (range 7-38). For both neutrophil and platelet engraftment, a greater inverse correlation was seen when IBW was used to calculate stem cell dose (r2=0.082 vs r2=0.104 for neutrophils and r2=0.085 vs r2=0.135 for platelets). Those non-myeloma patients who failed to achieve a CD34+ dose of 4 x 10(6) cells/kg by ABW but did so by IBW achieved neutrophil and platelet engraftment not significantly different from those who achieved that stem cell dose by both methods. This was not confirmed in patients treated for myeloma, possibly owing to inaccurate IBW in patients with skeletal height loss. We confirm that calculation of CD34+ cell dose by IBW safely predicts engraftment for patients with haematological malignancies other than myeloma undergoing PBSC autograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Maclean
- Department of Clinical Apheresis, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK.
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Lim D, Seliktar R, Farrell E, Tom J, Nunes L, Sun W, Wee J. Loading conditions and bone formation in the GH region of the shoulder. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:5092-5. [PMID: 17271463 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1404407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates how loading of the shoulder effect the formation of the trabeculae in the subarticular region of the gleno-humeral joint. Bone morphology was determined from scapular cadaveric specimens and finite element (FE) analysis was employed to analyse principal stress trajectories. Boundary conditions corresponded to five functional activities were considered. The results show deviations of the computed trajectories from actual trabecular lines obtained from the bone specimens ranged on average from 10% to 17%. Each activity produced different regional deviation corresponding to the specific loading condition. This study concludes that certain loading conditions are more significant in explaining the formation of the trabecular architecture. The results also suggest that due to the extra sensitivity of the front and the rear aspects of the "lateral region" to the loading conditions, these regions may be more indicative in reflecting shoulder injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lim
- School of Biomed. Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Farrell E, Byrne EM, Fischer J, O'Brien FJ, O'Connell BC, Prendergast PJ, Campbell VA. A comparison of the osteogenic potential of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells cultured in 2-D and on 3-D collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Technol Health Care 2007; 15:19-31. [PMID: 17264410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to differentiate along several lineages including those of bone, cartilage, tendon and muscle, thus offering huge potential for the field of tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to characterise the differentiation capacity of rat MSCs cultured on standard plastic coverslips in 2 dimensions and on a novel collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffold in the presence of a standard combination of osteoinductive factors. Cells were cultured for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days and several markers of osteogenesis were analysed. While the initial response of the cells in 3-D seemed to be faster than cells cultured in 2-D, as evidenced by collagen type I expression, later markers showed that osteogenic differentiation of MSCs took longer in the 3-D environment of the collagen GAG scaffold compared to standard 2-D culture conditions. Furthermore, it was shown that complete scaffold mineralisation could be evoked within a 6 week timeframe. This study further demonstrates the potential use of MSC-seeded collagen GAG scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farrell
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Farrell E, Byrne E, Fischer J, O'Brien F, O'Connell B, Prendergast P, Campbell V. A comparison of the osteogenic potential of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells cultured in 2-D and on 3-D collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Technol Health Care 2006. [DOI: 10.3233/thc-2007-15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Farrell
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - E.M. Byrne
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J. Fischer
- Dublin Dental Hospital and School, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F.J. O'Brien
- Anatomy Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - P.J. Prendergast
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - V.A. Campbell
- Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Kearney E, Farrell E, Prendergast P, Campbell V. The influence of mechanical strain on adult rat marrow stromal cell dynamics. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Farrell E, Prendergast P, O'Brien F, Campbell V. Temporal expression of osteogenic markers in mesenchymal stem cells when cultured in monolayer and on collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rogers PAW, Martinez F, Girling JE, Lederman F, Cann L, Farrell E, Tresserra F, Patel N. Influence of different hormonal regimens on endometrial microvascular density and VEGF expression in women suffering from breakthrough bleeding. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:3341-7. [PMID: 16085661 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to quantify blood vessel density (BVD) and immunoreactive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in endometrial biopsies taken from women suffering breakthrough bleeding (BTB) under different exogenous hormonal regimes. METHODS Endometrial biopsies from women in Melbourne with BTB were divided into four groups: combined-continuous hormone therapy (HT) (estrogen and progestin taken daily), cyclical HT (daily estrogen with progestin for 14 days each cycle), progestin-only, or no HT. Subjects from Barcelona were using the Mirena intrauterine levonorgestrel-releasing system for contraceptive purposes, with menstrual diaries for classification into four groups (amenorrhea, infrequent, regular and prolonged). Control biopsies from Melbourne were included in the study. Endometrial samples were immunostained for VEGF and blood vessel localization using an antibody to CD34. RESULTS Results showed that BVD was significantly reduced in the progestin-only treated group compared with the other three treatment groups (P = 0.028). In addition, all four Mirena BTB groups had significantly reduced BVD compared with controls. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in VEGF immunostaining within and between individual samples with no major differences between HT or Mirena. CONCLUSION These results provide strong evidence that unopposed progestins reduce endometrial BVD and that there is no link between VEGF immunostaining and BVD or BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A W Rogers
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Clinic, Monash University Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Prina-Mello A, Farrell E, Prendergast PJ, Campbell V, Coey JMD. Influence of strong static magnetic fields on primary cortical neurons. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; 27:35-42. [PMID: 16283651 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intense uniform magnetic fields, such as those used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are thought to exert little influence at the cellular level. Here we report modifications of the signaling cascades in rat cortical neurons cultured for 1 h in magnetic fields of up to 5 Tesla. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) increases monotonically with field strength, with a maximal activation of approximately 10% at 5 T, whereas the activation of extra cellular-regulated kinase (ERK) shows a maximum at 0.75 T ( approximately 10%). Since ERK is involved in cellular differentiation, these results indicate a magnetic induction of the signaling events associated with differentiation. However, the cells respond to further increases in field strength by evoking a stress response, since JNK is a stress-activated protein kinase. Three possible mechanisms are discussed and of these, the most plausible is magnetic field induced change in the membrane rest potential, a microscale magnetohydrodynamic effect. This mechanism most likely involves the activation of voltage dependent Ca(2+) channel opening; since intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was also found to be modified by the static magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prina-Mello
- SFI Trinity Nanoscience Laboratory, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Farrell E, Pattinson RC. Out of the mouths of babes--innocent reporting of harmful labour ward practices. S Afr Med J 2004; 94:896-7. [PMID: 15587449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
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Kralinger F, Schwaiger R, Wambacher M, Farrell E, Menth-Chiari W, Lajtai G, Hübner C, Resch H. Outcome after primary hemiarthroplasty for fracture of the head of the humerus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 86:217-9. [PMID: 15046436 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.86b2.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have examined 167 patients who had a hemiarthroplasty for three- and four-part fractures and fracture-dislocations of the head of the humerus in a multicentre study involving 12 Austrian hospitals. All patients were followed for more than a year. Anatomical healing of the tuberosity significantly influenced the outcome as measured by the Constant score and subjective patient satisfaction. With regard to pain, the outcome was generally satisfactory but only 41.9% of patients were able to flex the shoulder above 90°. The age of the patient and the type of prosthesis significantly influenced the healing of the tuberosity, but bone grafting did not. Achievement of healing of the tuberosity was inferior in institutions at which less than 15 hemiarthroplasties had been performed (Mann-Witney U test, p = 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kralinger
- Department of Trauma and Sport Traumatology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Ang WC, Farrell E, Vollenhoven B. Effect of hormone replacement therapies and selective estrogen receptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas: a literature review. Climacteric 2001; 4:284-92. [PMID: 11770184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review examines current literature relating to clinical studies of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tibolone, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen and raloxifene, and their usage in postmenopausal women with fibroids. After a MEDLINE search, 28 relevant articles were found in total, of which five concerned randomized controlled trials. The results from class I studies and class II studies are evaluated in the categories of those that involved tibolone only, those that involved HRT only, and those that involved SERMs such as tamoxifen and raloxifene. In conclusion, tibolone has no significant effect on myoma size in postmenopausal women. There is myoma growth in postmenopausal women taking HRT. However, this does not appear to cause clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Ang
- Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Horses are frequently presented with clinical conditions warranting diagnostic imaging of the head. Unfortunately, evaluation of the equine head can be difficult using conventional radiography. The anatomic complexity and superimposition of the osseous, dental, and soft tissue structures complicate radiographic interpretation and diagnoses. Multiple radiographic projections may be necessary to image specific regions, and side-to-side comparison is often essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Alcorn MJ, Farrell E, Barr J, Pearson C, Green R, Holyoake T. The number of CD34+ cells mobilized into the peripheral blood can predict the quality of subsequent collections. J Hematother Stem Cell Res 2000; 9:89-93. [PMID: 10738976 DOI: 10.1089/152581600319667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PBPC were mobilized using a variety of chemotherapy regimens plus G-CSF in a group of 126 consecutive patients. Data are presented that show a close correlation between the number of CD34+ cells mobilized into the peripheral blood (PB) and the number of CD34+ cells subsequently collected by leukapheresis (R = 0.904). On the basis of this correlation, a regression formula was calculated that could give an estimate of the total number of CD34+ cells likely to be collected by leukapheresis from a given number of CD34+ cells per microliter PB. An easy-to-read table has been compiled to show how this type of analysis can be applied to predict the likely dose of CD34+ cells that will be obtained by leukapheresis over a wide range of patient weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alcorn
- Department of Haematology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary University NHS Trust, UK
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45
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Farrell E. Hormone replacement therapy. Current prescribing choices. Aust Fam Physician 1999; 28:1247-50. [PMID: 10650598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Farrell
- Menopause Unit, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria
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Farrell E. Creating new nursing models. Nurs N Z 1999; 5:2. [PMID: 10586820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Alcorn M, Richmond L, Farrell E, Barr J, Pearson C, Schupp R, Franklin I. Selection of CD34+ cells from cryopreserved PBPC can be significantly improved by the addition of recombinant human DNase (Pulmozyme). Cytotherapy 1999; 1:31-40. [DOI: 10.1080/0032472031000141297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Grimwade J, Farrell E. Re: Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in south Indian postmenopausal women. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 38:356. [PMID: 9761177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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49
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Cook G, Marinaki P, Farrell E, Pearson C, Alcorn MJ, Sharp RA, Tansey PJ, Franklin IM. Peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilisation in patients with multiple myeloma following oral idarubicin and dexamethasone (Z-Dex) induction therapy. Leukemia 1997; 11 Suppl 5:S35-40. [PMID: 9436937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties associated with current intensive induction regimens for multiple myeloma and uncertainty as to how to achieve optimal peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilisation (PBPC) prompted this study of an oral induction regimen, Z-Dex (oral idarubicin and dexamethasone) followed by PBPC mobilisation using four different regimens. Thirty-patients received Z-Dex (median age 56 years, range 46-66 years) including 24 patients with previously untreated disease. The overall response rate was 75% with a CR rate of 16.7% and PR rate of 75.7% in patients with previously untreated disease. We compared four mobilisation regimens: low-dose (LD) cyclophosphamide, high-dose (HD) cyclophosphamide, cis-platin/VP16 and cis-platin, Ara-C and dexamethasone (DHAP). Failure to mobilise optimal numbers of PBPCs (>1.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg and >20 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg) was seen in two patients who received LD cyclophosphamide, in two patients who received HD cyclophosphamide and three patients who received cis-platin/VP16. No patient failed to mobilise adequate numbers of PBPCs following DHAP. In previously untreated patients, DHAP mobilised significantly more PBPC than LD cyclophosphamide (P=0.02), HD cyclophosphamide (P=0.0015) and cis-platin/VP16 (P=0.021). This study demonstrates the efficacy of Z-Dex in inducing tumour responses in patients with multiple myeloma without limiting PBPC mobilisation in subsequent dose-intensive schedules. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that DHAP is superior to cyclophosphamide (low- and high-dose) and cis-platin/VP16 in mobilising PBPCs and demonstrated a degree of tumour control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cook
- University Department of Transfusion Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary University NHS Trust, UK
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50
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Alcorn MJ, Holyoake TL, Richmond LJ, Pearson C, Farrell E, Green R, Dunlop DJ, Franklin IM. CD34+ cells can be selected efficiently from cryopreserved peripheral blood progenitor cells and can retain their proliferative potential. J Hematother 1997; 6:501-10. [PMID: 9368187 DOI: 10.1089/scd.1.1997.6.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells express the CD34 antigen. Techniques have been developed that enable purified populations of CD34+ cells to be selected from hematopoietic tissues. These selected CD34+ cells have several potential applications, including CD34 selection to obtain a tumor purging effect in autologous transplantation studies and using CD34+ cells as the starting cells for ex vivo expansion studies and as a vehicle for gene transduction protocols. We have investigated the feasibility of using cryopreserved peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) for CD34 selection. Cells could be recovered from cryopreservation with good yields and high viability. After CD34 selection, the final product was, on average, 84% pure, with a recovery of 54%. These cells retained extensive proliferative potential, as demonstrated by ex vivo expansion culture. We believe that cryopreserved PBPC could be thawed, and CD34+ cells could be selected and used for transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alcorn
- Department of Haematology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
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