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Weinhardt L, Ertan E, Iannuzzi M, Weigand M, Fuchs O, Bär M, Blum M, Denlinger JD, Yang W, Umbach E, Odelius M, Heske C. Probing hydrogen bonding orbitals: resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering of aqueous NH3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:27145-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04898b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering was used to probe the hydrogen bonding orbitals in aqueous ammonia.
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Olovsson W, Weinhardt L, Fuchs O, Tanaka I, Puschnig P, Umbach E, Heske C, Draxl C. The Be K-edge in beryllium oxide and chalcogenides: soft x-ray absorption spectra from first-principles theory and experiment. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:315501. [PMID: 23835492 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/31/315501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out a theoretical and experimental investigation of the beryllium K-edge soft x-ray absorption fine structure of beryllium compounds in the oxygen group, considering BeO, BeS, BeSe, and BeTe. Theoretical spectra are obtained ab initio, through many-body perturbation theory, by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE), and by supercell calculations using the core-hole approximation. All calculations are performed with the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. It is found that the two different theoretical approaches produce a similar fine structure, in good agreement with the experimental data. Using the BSE results, we interpret the spectra, distinguishing between bound core-excitons and higher energy excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Olovsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Blum M, Odelius M, Weinhardt L, Pookpanratana S, Bär M, Zhang Y, Fuchs O, Yang W, Umbach E, Heske C. Ultrafast Proton Dynamics in Aqueous Amino Acid Solutions Studied by Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13757-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada,
United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
- Experimentelle Physik
VII, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Odelius
- Fysikum, Albanova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Weinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada,
United States
- Experimentelle Physik
VII, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Pookpanratana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada,
United States
| | - M. Bär
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada,
United States
- Solar Energy Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Brandenburgische Technische Universität, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada,
United States
| | - O. Fuchs
- Experimentelle Physik
VII, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - W. Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | | - C. Heske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada,
United States
- Institute for Chemical
Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- ANKA Synchrotron
Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Weinhardt L, Fuchs O, Batchelor D, Bär M, Blum M, Denlinger JD, Yang W, Schöll A, Reinert F, Umbach E, Heske C. Electron-hole correlation effects in core-level spectroscopy probed by the resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering map of C60. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:104705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3633953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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5
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Schöll A, Kilian L, Zou Y, Ziroff J, Hame S, Reinert F, Umbach E, Fink RH. Disordering of an Organic Overlayer on a Metal Surface Upon Cooling. Science 2010; 329:303-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1189106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schöll
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L. Kilian
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y. Zou
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J. Ziroff
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Hame
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Reinert
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Nanoanalytik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Umbach
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R. H. Fink
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Baumgärtner KM, Volmer-Uebing M, Taborski J, Bäuerle P, Umbach E. Adsorption and Polymerization of Thiophene on a Ag(111) Surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19910951134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Schmeißer D, Bätz P, Göpel W, Jaegermann W, Pettenkofer C, Wachtel H, Jimenez-Gonzales A, Von Schütz JU, Wolf HC, Taborski J, Wüstenhagen V, Umbach E, Erk P, Meixner H, Hünig S. Semiconducting and Metallic States in Conducting Organic Low-dimensional Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19910951124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Blum M, Weinhardt L, Fuchs O, Bär M, Zhang Y, Weigand M, Krause S, Pookpanratana S, Hofmann T, Yang W, Denlinger JD, Umbach E, Heske C. Solid and liquid spectroscopic analysis (SALSA)--a soft x-ray spectroscopy endstation with a novel flow-through liquid cell. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:123102. [PMID: 20059126 DOI: 10.1063/1.3257926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel synchrotron endstation with a flow-through liquid cell designed to study the electronic structure of liquids using soft x-ray spectroscopies. In this cell, the liquid under study is separated from the vacuum by a thin window membrane, such that the sample liquid can be investigated at ambient pressure. The temperature of the probing volume can be varied in a broad range and with a fast temperature response. The optimized design of the cell significantly reduces the amount of required sample liquid and allows the use of different window membrane types necessary to cover a broad energy range. The liquid cell is integrated into the solid and liquid spectroscopic analysis (SALSA) endstation that includes a high-resolution, high-transmission x-ray spectrometer and a state-of-the-art electron analyzer. The modular design of SALSA also allows the measurement of solid-state samples. The capabilities of the liquid cell and the x-ray spectrometer are demonstrated using a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering map of a 25 wt % NaOD solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blum
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik II, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Casu M, Yu X, Schmitt S, Heske C, Umbach E. Morphology of perylene thin films on SiOx/Si(100) and SiO2/Si(100): A spectroscopic and microscopic study of the influence of the preparation parameters. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Fuchs O, Weinhardt L, Blum M, Weigand M, Umbach E, Bär M, Heske C, Denlinger J, Chuang YD, McKinney W, Hussain Z, Gullikson E, Jones M, Batson P, Nelles B, Follath R. High-resolution, high-transmission soft x-ray spectrometer for the study of biological samples. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:063103. [PMID: 19566192 DOI: 10.1063/1.3133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a variable line-space grating spectrometer for soft x-rays that covers the photon energy range between 130 and 650 eV. The optical design is based on the Hettrick-Underwood principle and tailored to synchrotron-based studies of radiation-sensitive biological samples. The spectrometer is able to record the entire spectral range in one shot, i.e., without any mechanical motion, at a resolving power of 1200 or better. Despite its slitless design, such a resolving power can be achieved for a source spot as large as (30 x 3000) microm2, which is important for keeping beam damage effects in radiation-sensitive samples low. The high spectrometer efficiency allows recording of comprehensive two-dimensional resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) maps with good statistics within several minutes. This is exemplarily demonstrated for a RIXS map of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, which was taken within 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fuchs
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik II, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Rocco MLM, Haeming M, Batchelor DR, Fink R, Schöll A, Umbach E. Electronic relaxation effects in condensed polyacenes: A high-resolution photoemission study. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:074702. [PMID: 19044787 DOI: 10.1063/1.2966356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of condensed films of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene. High spectroscopic resolution and a systematic variation of the molecular size allow a detailed analysis of the fine structures. The line shapes of the C 1s main lines are analyzed with respect to the different contributions of inhomogeneous broadening, vibronic coupling, and chemical shifts. The shake-up satellite spectra reveal trends, which give insight into the charge redistribution within the molecule upon photoexcitation. In particular, the shake-up between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) increases in intensity and moves closer toward the C 1s main line if the size of the aromatic system is increased. An explanation is given on the basis of the delocalization of the aromatic system and its capability in screening the photogenerated core hole. A comparison of the HOMO-LUMO shake-up position to the optical band gap gives additional insight into the reorganization of the electronic system upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Rocco
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Casu MB, Yu X, Schmitt S, Heske C, Umbach E. Influence of the preparation conditions on the morphology of perylene thin films on Si(111) and Si(100). J Chem Phys 2008; 129:244708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3046685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Schwalb CH, Sachs S, Marks M, Schöll A, Reinert F, Umbach E, Höfer U. Electron lifetime in a Shockley-type metal-organic interface state. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:146801. [PMID: 18851554 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.146801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The lifetimes of electrons at the interface between 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) and Ag(111) have been studied by means of time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission. We observe a dispersing unoccupied state 0.6 eV above the Fermi level with an effective electron mass of 0.39m{e} at the Gamma[over ] point. The short lifetime of 54 fs is indicative of a large penetration of the wave function into the metal. Supported by model calculations this interface state is interpreted as predominantly arising from an upshift of the occupied Shockley surface state of the clean metal due to the interaction with the PTCDA overlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Schwalb
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Kilian L, Hauschild A, Temirov R, Soubatch S, Schöll A, Bendounan A, Reinert F, Lee TL, Tautz FS, Sokolowski M, Umbach E. Role of intermolecular interactions on the electronic and geometric structure of a large pi-conjugated molecule adsorbed on a metal surface. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:136103. [PMID: 18517971 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.136103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organic semiconductor molecule 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) exhibits two adsorption states on the Ag(111) surface: one in a metastable disordered phase, prepared at low temperatures, the other in the long-range ordered monolayer phase obtained at room temperature. Notably, the two states differ substantial in their vertical bonding distances, intramolecular distortions, and electronic structures. The difference is explained by intermolecular interactions, which are particularly relevant for the long-range ordered phase, and which hence require attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kilian
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik II, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Fuchs O, Zharnikov M, Weinhardt L, Blum M, Weigand M, Zubavichus Y, Bär M, Maier F, Denlinger JD, Heske C, Grunze M, Umbach E. Isotope and temperature effects in liquid water probed by x-ray absorption and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:027801. [PMID: 18232928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.027801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution x-ray absorption and emission spectra of liquid water exhibit a strong isotope effect. Further, the emission spectra show a splitting of the 1b1 emission line, a weak temperature effect, and a pronounced excitation-energy dependence. They can be described as a superposition of two independent contributions. By comparing with gas phase, ice, and NaOH/NaOD, we propose that the two components are governed by the initial state hydrogen bonding configuration and ultrafast dissociation on the time scale of the O 1s core hole decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fuchs
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik II, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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16
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Fuchs O, Zharnikov M, Weinhardt L, Blum M, Weigand M, Zubavichus Y, Bär M, Maier F, Denlinger JD, Heske C, Grunze M, Umbach E. Isotope and temperature effects in liquid water probed by x-ray absorption and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2008. [PMID: 18232928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.249802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution x-ray absorption and emission spectra of liquid water exhibit a strong isotope effect. Further, the emission spectra show a splitting of the 1b1 emission line, a weak temperature effect, and a pronounced excitation-energy dependence. They can be described as a superposition of two independent contributions. By comparing with gas phase, ice, and NaOH/NaOD, we propose that the two components are governed by the initial state hydrogen bonding configuration and ultrafast dissociation on the time scale of the O 1s core hole decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fuchs
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik II, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Casu MB, Cosseddu P, Batchelor D, Bonfiglio A, Umbach E. A high-resolution near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure investigation of the molecular orientation in the pentacene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) pentacene/system. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:014705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2812649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Schreiber F, Gerlach A, Koch N, Zojer E, Sokolowski M, Tautz FS, Rohlfing M, Umbach E. Comment on "Electron core-hole interaction and its induced ionic structural relaxation in molecular systems under x-ray irradiation". Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:059601-059602. [PMID: 17930804 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.059601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Schreiber
- Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Schöll A, Zou Y, Jung M, Schmidt T, Fink R, Umbach E. Line shapes and satellites in high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectra of large pi-conjugated organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:10260-7. [PMID: 15549902 DOI: 10.1063/1.1807812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-resolution C1s and O1 s x-ray photoemission (XPS) study for condensed films of pi-conjugated organic molecules, namely, of the anhydrides 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and benzoperylene-(1,8)-dicarboxylic acid anhydride as well as the quinoic acenaphthenequinone. Although the functional groups are identical for the anhydrides, the molecules show very different photoemission fine structure thus providing a detailed fingerprint. A simultaneous peak fit analysis of the XPS spectra of all molecules allows to consistently determine the ionization potentials of all chemically different carbon and oxygen atoms. Additional structures in the C1s and O1s spectra are interpreted as shakeup satellites and assigned with the help of singles and doubles configuration interaction calculations. These satellites provide further information on multielectron excitations and must be taken into account for quantitative investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schöll
- Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Zimmermann U, Schnitzler G, Wüstenhagen V, Karl N, Dudde R, Koch EE, Umbach E. NEXAFS and ARUP Spectroscopy of an Organic Single Crystal: α-Perylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250008031046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Zimmermann
- a Physikalisches Institut, Universität , Stuttgart, D-70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - G. Schnitzler
- a Physikalisches Institut, Universität , Stuttgart, D-70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - V. Wüstenhagen
- a Physikalisches Institut, Universität , Stuttgart, D-70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - N. Karl
- a Physikalisches Institut, Universität , Stuttgart, D-70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - R. Dudde
- c Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , D-14195 , Berlin , Germany
| | - E. E. Koch
- c Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , D-14195 , Berlin , Germany
| | - E. Umbach
- a Physikalisches Institut, Universität , Stuttgart, D-70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
- b Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg , D-97074 , Würzburg , Germany
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Stoldt M, Bäuerle P, Schweizer H, Umbach E. Investigation of Transport Phenomena in Thin Oligothiophene Films in Metal/Organic/Metal Hetero-Structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259408029723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Stoldt
- a 4. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, D- 70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - P. Bäuerle
- a 4. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, D- 70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
- b Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, D- 70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - H. Schweizer
- a 4. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, D- 70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - E. Umbach
- a 4. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, D- 70550 , Stuttgart , Germany
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22
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Kera S, Casu MB, Schöll A, Schmidt T, Batchelor D, Rühl E, Umbach E. Publisher’s Note: “High-resolution inner-shell excitation spectroscopy of H2-phthalocyanine” [J. Chem. Phys. 125, 014705 2006]. J Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2348863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kera S, Casu MB, Schöll A, Schmidt T, Batchelor D, Rühl E, Umbach E. High-resolution inner-shell excitation spectroscopy of H2-phthalocyanine. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:014705. [PMID: 16863322 DOI: 10.1063/1.2212406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a combined experimental and theoretical carbon and nitrogen K-edge near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure investigation on condensed metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc). Based on the results from improved virtual orbital calculations, all resonances in the experimental high-resolution data can be assigned to various electronic transitions. The comparison between experiments and calculations further shows that a significant influence of the core hole, which affects both the transition energies and the cross sections, is present and must be considered in theoretical approaches. Moreover, additional fine structure is clearly resolved for the first N 1s-->pi* transition, which can be interpreted as vibronic coupling to the electronic core excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kera
- Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Weinhardt L, Fuchs O, Peter A, Umbach E, Heske C, Reichardt J, Bär M, Lauermann I, Kötschau I, Grimm A, Sokoll S, Lux-Steiner MC, Niesen TP, Visbeck S, Karg F. Spectroscopic investigation of the deeply buried Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2∕Mo interface in thin-film solar cells. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:74705. [PMID: 16497068 DOI: 10.1063/1.2168443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2)Mo interface in thin-film solar cells has been investigated by surface-sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy, bulk-sensitive x-ray emission spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It is possible to access this deeply buried interface by using a suitable lift-off technique, which allows us to investigate the back side of the absorber layer as well as the front side of the Mo back contact. We find a layer of Mo(S,Se)(2) on the surface of the Mo back contact and a copper-poor stoichiometry at the back side of the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2) absorber. Furthermore, we observe that the Na content at the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2)Mo interface as well as at the inner grain boundaries in the back contact region is significantly lower than at the absorber front surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weinhardt
- Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany.
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26
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Kumpf C, Neder RB, Niederdraenk F, Luczak P, Stahl A, Scheuermann M, Joshi S, Kulkarni SK, Barglik-Chory C, Heske C, Umbach E. Structure determination of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles: Direct modeling of synchrotron-radiation diffraction data. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:224707. [PMID: 16375495 DOI: 10.1063/1.2129369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a modified method of powder-diffraction data analysis to obtain precise structural information on freestanding ZnS and CdS nanoparticles with diameters well below 5 nm, i.e., in a range where common bulk-derived approaches fail. The method is based on the Debye equation and allows us to access the crystal structure and the size of the particles with high precision. Detailed information on strain, relaxation effects, stacking faults, and the shape of the particles becomes available. We find significant size differences between our new results and those obtained by established methods, and conclude that a mixed zinc-blende/wurtzite stacking and significant lattice distortions occur in our CdS nanoparticles. Our approach should have direct impact on the understanding and modeling of quantum size effects in nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kumpf
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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27
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Schoell A, Zou Y, Huebner D, Urquhart SG, Schmidt T, Fink R, Umbach E. A comparison of fine structures in high-resolution x-ray-absorption spectra of various condensed organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:044509. [PMID: 16095371 DOI: 10.1063/1.1978872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a high-resolution C-K and O-K near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) study of large aromatic molecules in condensed thin films, namely, anhydrides 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, benzoperylene-(1,2)-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and 1,8-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid anhydride and the quinoic acenaphthenequinone. Due to the high-energy resolution of the third-generation synchrotron source BESSY II we observe large differences in the NEXAFS fine structures even for very similar molecules, resulting in a wealth of new information. The rich fine structure can unambiguously be assigned to the coupling of electronic transitions to vibronic excitations. Backed by ab initio calculations we present a detailed analysis of the spectra that allows the complete interpretation of the near-edge features. It also yields information on the vibronic properties in the electronically excited state as well as on the response of the electronic system upon core excitation. The strong differences in the electron-vibron coupling for different molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schoell
- Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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Tzvetkov G, Koller G, Zubavichus Y, Fuchs O, Casu MB, Heske C, Umbach E, Grunze M, Ramsey MG, Netzer FP. Bonding and structure of glycine on ordered Al2O3 film surfaces. Langmuir 2004; 20:10551-10559. [PMID: 15544384 DOI: 10.1021/la048726m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between glycine (NH2CH2COOH) layers and an ultrathin Al2O3 film grown epitaxially onto NiAl(110) was studied by temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, work function measurements, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. At monolayer coverages at 110 K, there are two coexisting molecular forms: the anionic (NH2CH2COO-) and the zwitterionic form (NH3+CH2COO-) of glycine. As deduced from the photoemission data, the buildup of multilayers at 110 K leads to a condensed phase predominantly in the zwitterionic state. In contrast to the monolayer at 110 K, the monolayer formed at 300 K consists primarily of glycine molecules in the anionic state. The latter species is adsorbed with the oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group pointing toward the substrate. The polarization-dependent C K- and O K-edge NEXAFS spectra indicate that the glycinate species in the monolayer at 300 K is oriented nearly perpendicular to the surface, with the amino group pointing away from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tzvetkov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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29
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Schöll A, Zou Y, Kilian L, Hübner D, Gador D, Jung C, Urquhart SG, Schmidt T, Fink R, Umbach E. Electron-vibron coupling in high-resolution X-Ray absorption spectra of organic materials: NTCDA on Ag(111). Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:146406. [PMID: 15524822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.146406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report additional rich fine structures in high-resolution near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of large organic molecules using NTCDA on Ag(111) as an example. These fine structures are completely interpreted as vibronic coupling to electronic core excitations. The coupling is mode selective; predominantly one vibronic mode couples to each excitation. The fit results suggest the occurrence of a Davydov splitting, first observed for core excitons. Morphological differences substantially influence the electron-vibron coupling, indicating a strong intermolecular interaction. Thus NEXAFS becomes a more subtle probe for organic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schöll
- Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
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30
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Heske C, Groh U, Fuchs O, Weinhardt L, Umbach E, Schedel-Niedrig T, Fischer CH, Lux-Steiner MC, Zweigart S, Niesen TP, Karg F, Denlinger JD, Rude B, Andrus C, Powell F. Monitoring chemical reactions at a liquid–solid interface: Water on CuIn(S,Se)2 thin film solar cell absorbers. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1627328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Ethiraj AS, Hebalkar N, Kulkarni SK, Pasricha R, Urban J, Dem C, Schmitt M, Kiefer W, Weinhardt L, Joshi S, Fink R, Heske C, Kumpf C, Umbach E. Enhancement of photoluminescence in manganese-doped ZnS nanoparticles due to a silica shell. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1566932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Chkoda L, Schneider M, Shklover V, Kilian L, Sokolowski M, Heske C, Umbach E. Temperature-dependent morphology and structure of ordered 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride (PTCDA) thin films on Ag(1 1 1). Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Schneider M, Brinkmann M, Muccini M, Biscarini F, Taliani C, Gebauer W, Sokolowski M, Umbach E. Morphology and trap luminescence in thin oligothiophene films on HOPG. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Heske C, Groh U, Fuchs O, Umbach E, Franco N, Bostedt C, Terminello L, Perera R, Hallmeier K, Preobrajenski A, Szargan R, Zweigart S, Riedl W, Karg F. X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2-Based Thin Film Solar Cells: Electronic Structure, Surface Oxidation, and Buried Interfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(200109)187:1<13::aid-pssa13>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Schreder B, Schmidt T, Ptatschek V, Winkler U, Materny A, Umbach E, Lerch M, Müller G, Kiefer W, Spanhel L. CdTe/CdS Clusters with “Core−Shell” Structure in Colloids and Films: The Path of Formation and Thermal Breakup. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991468v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Schreder
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - T. Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - V. Ptatschek
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - U. Winkler
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Materny
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - E. Umbach
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Lerch
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - W. Kiefer
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L. Spanhel
- Lehrstuhl für Silicatchemie der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,Germany, and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Heske C, Eich D, Fink R, Umbach E, van Buuren T, Bostedt C, Kakar S, Terminello LJ, Grush MM, Callcott TA, Himpsel FJ, Ederer DL, Perera RCC, Riedl W, Karg F. Semi-quantitative and non-destructive analysis of impurities at a buried interface: Na and the CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-9918(200008)30:1<459::aid-sia757>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Hopmeier M, Gebauer W, Oestreich M, Sokolowski M, Umbach E, Mahrt R. Relaxation dynamics of excitons in thin quaterthiophene films on different substrates. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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39
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Väterlein P, Fink R, Umbach E, Wurth W. Analysis of the x-ray absorption spectra of linear saturated hydrocarbons using the Xα scattered-wave method. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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41
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Bässler M, Fink R, Buchberger C, Gador D, Heske C, Müller J, Väterlein P, von Schütz JU, Umbach E. NEXAFS Investigations on Highly-Ordered Ultrathin Films of DMe-DCNQI on Single Crystal Surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4/1997085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Gebauer W, Bässler M, Fink R, Sokolowski M, Umbach E. New insight into the optical properties of thin organic films by epitaxial preparation. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Glöckler K, Sokolowski M, Soukopp A, Umbach E. Initial growth of insulating overlayers of NaCl on Ge(100) observed by scanning tunneling microscopy with atomic resolution. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:7705-7708. [PMID: 9984441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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44
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Väterlein P, Krause T, Bässler M, Fink R, Umbach E, Taborski J, Wüstenhagen V, Wurth W. Adsorption-induced bending of a triatomic molecule: Near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy investigation of N2O adsorbed on different Ni(111) surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:4749-4752. [PMID: 10061371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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45
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Malaske U, Pfnür H, Bässler M, Weiss M, Umbach E. Adsorption geometry of OH adsorbed at F centers on a NaCl(100) surface. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:13115-13120. [PMID: 9982990 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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46
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Taborski J, Wüstenhagen V, Väterlein P, Umbach E. Precoverage-dependent molecular orientation of big organic adsorbates: NDCA on Ni(111) and O/Ni(111). Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00482-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Jung M, Baston U, Schnitzler G, Kaiser M, Papst J, Porwol T, Freund H, Umbach E. The electronic structure of adsorbed aromatic molecules: Perylene and PTCDA on Si(111) and Ag(111). J Mol Struct 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(93)80058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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49
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50
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Höfer U, Breitschafter MJ, Umbach E. Photoemission line shapes of adsorbates: Conclusions from the analysis of vibration-resolved N2 spectra. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 64:3050-3053. [PMID: 10041882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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