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Martens I, Vanpeene V, Vostrov N, Leake S, Zatterin E, Auvergniot J, Drnec J, Richard MI, Villanova J, Schulli T. Imaging Voids and Defects Inside Li-Ion Cathode LiNi 0.6Mn 0.2Co 0.2O 2 Single Crystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:59319-59328. [PMID: 38085792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion battery cathode active materials obtained from different sources or preparation methods often exhibit broadly divergent performance and stability despite no obvious differences in morphology, purity, and crystallinity. We show how state-of-the-art, commercial, nominally single crystalline LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC-622) particles possess extensive internal nanostructure even in the pristine state. Scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy reveals the presence of interlayer strain gradients, and crystal bending is attributed to oxygen vacancies. Phase contrast X-ray nano-tomography reveals two different kinds of particles, welded/aggregated, and single crystal like, and emphasizes the intra- and interparticle heterogeneities from the nano- to the microscale. It also detects within the imaging resolution (100 nm) substantial quantities of nanovoids hidden inside the bulk of two-thirds of the overall studied particles (around 3000), with an average value of 12.5%v per particle and a mean size of 148 nm. The powerful combination of both techniques helps prescreening and quantifying the defective nature of cathode material and thus anticipating their performance in electrode assembly/battery testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Martens
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Victor Vanpeene
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, LITEN, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Nikita Vostrov
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven Leake
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Villanova
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias Schulli
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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2
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Martens I, Vostrov N, Mirolo M, Leake SJ, Zatterin E, Zhu X, Wang L, Drnec J, Richard MI, Schulli TU. Defects and nanostrain gradients control phase transition mechanisms in single crystal high-voltage lithium spinel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6975. [PMID: 37914690 PMCID: PMC10620135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithiation dynamics and phase transition mechanisms in most battery cathode materials remain poorly understood, because of the challenge in differentiating inter- and intra-particle heterogeneity. In this work, the structural evolution inside Li1-xMn1.5Ni0.5O4 single crystals during electrochemical delithiation is directly resolved with operando X-ray nanodiffraction microscopy. Metastable domains of solid-solution intermediates do not appear associated with the reaction front between the lithiated and delithiated phases, as predicted by current phase transition theory. Instead, unusually persistent strain gradients inside the single crystals suggest that the shape and size of solid solution domains are instead templated by lattice defects, which guide the entire delithiation process. Morphology, strain distributions, and tilt boundaries reveal that the (Ni2+/Ni3+) and (Ni3+/Ni4+) phase transitions proceed through different mechanisms, offering solutions for reducing structural degradation in high voltage spinel active materials towards commercially useful durability. Dynamic lattice domain reorientation during cycling are found to be the cause for formation of permanent tilt boundaries with their angular deviation increasing during continuous cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Martens
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nikita Vostrov
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta Mirolo
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Tobias U Schulli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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3
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Corley-Wiciak C, Richter C, Zoellner MH, Zaitsev I, Manganelli CL, Zatterin E, Schülli TU, Corley-Wiciak AA, Katzer J, Reichmann F, Klesse WM, Hendrickx NW, Sammak A, Veldhorst M, Scappucci G, Virgilio M, Capellini G. Nanoscale Mapping of the 3D Strain Tensor in a Germanium Quantum Well Hosting a Functional Spin Qubit Device. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3119-3130. [PMID: 36598897 PMCID: PMC9869329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A strained Ge quantum well, grown on a SiGe/Si virtual substrate and hosting two electrostatically defined hole spin qubits, is nondestructively investigated by synchrotron-based scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy to determine all its Bravais lattice parameters. This allows rendering the three-dimensional spatial dependence of the six strain tensor components with a lateral resolution of approximately 50 nm. Two different spatial scales governing the strain field fluctuations in proximity of the qubits are observed at <100 nm and >1 μm, respectively. The short-ranged fluctuations have a typical bandwidth of 2 × 10-4 and can be quantitatively linked to the compressive stressing action of the metal electrodes defining the qubits. By finite element mechanical simulations, it is estimated that this strain fluctuation is increased up to 6 × 10-4 at cryogenic temperature. The longer-ranged fluctuations are of the 10-3 order and are associated with misfit dislocations in the plastically relaxed virtual substrate. From this, energy variations of the light and heavy-hole energy maxima of the order of several 100 μeV and 1 meV are calculated for electrodes and dislocations, respectively. These insights over material-related inhomogeneities may feed into further modeling for optimization and design of large-scale quantum processors manufactured using the mainstream Si-based microelectronics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Corley-Wiciak
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Carsten Richter
- IKZ,
Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, D-12489Berlin, Germany
| | - Marvin H. Zoellner
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Ignatii Zaitsev
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Costanza L. Manganelli
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- ESRF,
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tobias U. Schülli
- ESRF,
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Agnieszka A. Corley-Wiciak
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Jens Katzer
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Felix Reichmann
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Klesse
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Nico W. Hendrickx
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Sammak
- QuTech
and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628 CKDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Veldhorst
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Giordano Scappucci
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Virgilio
- Department
of Physics Enrico Fermi, Università
di Pisa, Pisa56126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capellini
- IHP,
Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
- Dipartimento
di Scienze, Universita Roma Tre, Roma00146, Italy
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4
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Simonne D, Carnis J, Atlan C, Chatelier C, Favre-Nicolin V, Dupraz M, Leake SJ, Zatterin E, Resta A, Coati A, Richard MI. Gwaihir: Jupyter Notebook graphical user interface for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:1045-1054. [PMID: 35974722 PMCID: PMC9348885 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In a world where data are steadily made more available, Gwaihir is a tool that overcomes multiple issues by bridging remote access, cluster computing and a user-friendly interface, consequentially improving the link between synchrotrons and their users for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction is a nondestructive method for probing material structure in three dimensions at the nanoscale, with unprecedented resolution in displacement and strain fields. This work presents Gwaihir, a user-friendly and open-source tool to process and analyze Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction data. It integrates the functionalities of the existing packages bcdi and PyNX in the same toolbox, creating a natural workflow and promoting data reproducibility. Its graphical interface, based on Jupyter Notebook widgets, combines an interactive approach for data analysis with a powerful environment designed to link large-scale facilities and scientists.
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5
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Li Y, Zatterin E, Conroy M, Pylypets A, Borodavka F, Björling A, Groenendijk DJ, Lesne E, Clancy AJ, Hadjimichael M, Kepaptsoglou D, Ramasse QM, Caviglia AD, Hlinka J, Bangert U, Leake SJ, Zubko P. Electrostatically Driven Polarization Flop and Strain-Induced Curvature in Free-Standing Ferroelectric Superlattices. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2106826. [PMID: 35064954 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of strain and electrostatic engineering in epitaxial heterostructures of ferroelectric oxides offers many possibilities for inducing new phases, complex polar topologies, and enhanced electrical properties. However, the dominant effect of substrate clamping can also limit the electromechanical response and often leaves electrostatics to play a secondary role. Releasing the mechanical constraint imposed by the substrate can not only dramatically alter the balance between elastic and electrostatic forces, enabling them to compete on par with each other, but also activates new mechanical degrees of freedom, such as the macroscopic curvature of the heterostructure. In this work, an electrostatically driven transition from a predominantly out-of-plane polarized to an in-plane polarized state is observed when a PbTiO3 /SrTiO3 superlattice with a SrRuO3 bottom electrode is released from its substrate. In turn, this polarization rotation modifies the lattice parameter mismatch between the superlattice and the thin SrRuO3 layer, causing the heterostructure to curl up into microtubes. Through a combination of synchrotron-based scanning X-ray diffraction imaging, Raman scattering, piezoresponse force microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy, the crystalline structure and domain patterns of the curved superlattices are investigated, revealing a strong anisotropy in the domain structure and a complex mechanism for strain accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Michele Conroy
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0HA, UK
| | - Anastasiia Pylypets
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Fedir Borodavka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dirk J Groenendijk
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft, GA 2600, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard Lesne
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft, GA 2600, The Netherlands
| | - Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Marios Hadjimichael
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Demie Kepaptsoglou
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
- Schools of Chemical and Process Engineering, & Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrea D Caviglia
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft, GA 2600, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Hlinka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ursel Bangert
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Pavlo Zubko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0HA, UK
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6
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Guérin L, Yoshida T, Zatterin E, Simonov A, Chernyshov D, Iguchi H, Toudic B, Takaishi S, Yamashita M. Front Cover: Elucidating 2D Charge‐Density‐Wave Atomic Structure in an MX–Chain by the 3D‐ΔPair Distribution Function Method (ChemPhysChem 6/2022). Chemphyschem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guérin
- Univ Rennes CNRS PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 35000 Rennes France
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- Univ Rennes CNRS PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 35000 Rennes France
- ESRF–The European Synchrotron BM31, 71 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Univ Rennes CNRS PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 35000 Rennes France
- Materials Department ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Chernyshov
- Swiss-Norwegian BeamLines at the ESRF 71 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Hiroaki Iguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Bertrand Toudic
- Univ Rennes CNRS PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 35000 Rennes France
| | - Shinya Takaishi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
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7
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Guérin L, Yoshida T, Zatterin E, Simonov A, Chernyshov D, Iguchi H, Toudic B, Takaishi S, Yamashita M. Elucidating 2D Charge-Density-Wave Atomic Structure in an MX-Chain by the 3D-ΔPair Distribution Function Method. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200120. [PMID: 35244957 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Masahiro Yamashita's group at Tohoku University and designed by Dr. Laurent Guérin at University of Rennes 1. The image illustrates that the atomic structure of a 2D charge density wave can be revealed although the planes associated to this local 2D order are randomly stacked preventing the use of conventional structure determination techniques. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guérin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France.,ESRF-The European Synchrotron, BM31, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France.,Materials Department, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Chernyshov
- Swiss-Norwegian BeamLines at the ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Hiroaki Iguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Bertrand Toudic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Shinya Takaishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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8
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Guérin L, Yoshida T, Zatterin E, Simonov A, Chernyshov D, Iguchi H, Toudic B, Takaishi S, Yamashita M. Elucidating 2D Charge-Density-Wave atomic structure in an MX-chain by the 3D-ΔPair Distribution Function method. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100857. [PMID: 35083834 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many solids, particularly low-dimensional systems, exhibit charge density waves (CDWs). In one dimension, charge density waves are well understood, but in two dimensions, their structure and their origin are difficult to reveal. Here, the 2D Charge-Density-Wave atomic structure and stabilization mechanism in the bromide-bridged Pd compound [Pd(cptn) 2 Br]Br 2 (cptn = 1 R ,2 R -diaminocyclopentane) is investigated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction employing the 3D-ΔPair Distribution Function (3D-ΔPDF) method. Analysis of the diffuse scattering using 3D-ΔPDF shows that a 2D-CDW is stabilized by a hydrogen-bonding network between Br - counteranion and the amine (NH 2 ) group of the cptn in-plane ligand, and that 3D ordering is prevented due to a weak plane to plane correlation. We extract the effective displacements of the atoms describing the atomic structure quantitatively and discuss the stabilization mechanism of the 2D-CDW. Our study provides a method to identify and measure the key interaction responsible for the dimensionality and stability of the CDW that can help further progress of rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guérin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, BM31, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
- Materials Department, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Chernyshov
- Swiss-Norwegian BeamLines at the ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Hiroaki Iguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Bertrand Toudic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, PR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Shinya Takaishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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9
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Hadjimichael M, Li Y, Zatterin E, Chahine GA, Conroy M, Moore K, Connell ENO, Ondrejkovic P, Marton P, Hlinka J, Bangert U, Leake S, Zubko P. Metal-ferroelectric supercrystals with periodically curved metallic layers. Nat Mater 2021; 20:495-502. [PMID: 33398118 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous manipulation of multiple boundary conditions in nanoscale heterostructures offers a versatile route to stabilizing unusual structures and emergent phases. Here, we show that a stable supercrystal phase comprising a three-dimensional ordering of nanoscale domains with tailored periodicities can be engineered in PbTiO3-SrRuO3 ferroelectric-metal superlattices. A combination of laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, piezoresponse force microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and phase-field simulations reveals a complex hierarchical domain structure that forms to minimize the elastic and electrostatic energy. Large local deformations of the ferroelectric lattice are accommodated by periodic lattice modulations of the metallic SrRuO3 layers with curvatures up to 107 m-1. Our results show that multidomain ferroelectric systems can be exploited as versatile templates to induce large curvatures in correlated materials, and present a route for engineering correlated materials with modulated structural and electronic properties that can be controlled using electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Hadjimichael
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, London, UK.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Conroy
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kalani Moore
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Eoghan N O' Connell
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Petr Ondrejkovic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Marton
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Hlinka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ursel Bangert
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Steven Leake
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Pavlo Zubko
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, London, UK.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.
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Hadjimichael M, Zatterin E, Fernandez-Peña S, Leake SJ, Zubko P. Domain Wall Orientations in Ferroelectric Superlattices Probed with Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:037602. [PMID: 29400523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.037602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric domains in PbTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} superlattices are studied using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Macroscopic measurements reveal a change in the preferential domain wall orientation from {100} to {110} crystallographic planes with increasing temperature. The temperature range of this reorientation depends on the ferroelectric layer thickness and domain period. Using a nanofocused beam, local changes in the domain wall orientation within the buried ferroelectric layers are imaged, both in structurally uniform regions of the sample and near defect sites and argon ion-etched patterns. Domain walls are found to exhibit a preferential alignment with the straight edges of the etched patterns as well as with structural features associated with defect sites. The distribution of out-of-plane lattice parameters is mapped around one such feature, showing that it is accompanied by inhomogeneous strain and large strain gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Hadjimichael
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH London, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH London, United Kingdom
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pavlo Zubko
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH London, United Kingdom
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