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Lathe RS, McFarlane HE, Kesten C, Wang L, Khan GA, Ebert B, Ramírez-Rodríguez EA, Zheng S, Noord N, Frandsen K, Bhalerao RP, Persson S. NKS1/ELMO4 is an integral protein of a pectin synthesis protein complex and maintains Golgi morphology and cell adhesion in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321759121. [PMID: 38579009 PMCID: PMC11009649 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321759121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjacent plant cells are connected by specialized cell wall regions, called middle lamellae, which influence critical agricultural characteristics, including fruit ripening and organ abscission. Middle lamellae are enriched in pectin polysaccharides, specifically homogalacturonan (HG). Here, we identify a plant-specific Arabidopsis DUF1068 protein, called NKS1/ELMO4, that is required for middle lamellae integrity and cell adhesion. NKS1 localizes to the Golgi apparatus and loss of NKS1 results in changes to Golgi structure and function. The nks1 mutants also display HG deficient phenotypes, including reduced seedling growth, changes to cell wall composition, and tissue integrity defects. These phenotypes are comparable to qua1 and qua2 mutants, which are defective in HG biosynthesis. Notably, genetic interactions indicate that NKS1 and the QUAs work in a common pathway. Protein interaction analyses and modeling corroborate that they work together in a stable protein complex with other pectin-related proteins. We propose that NKS1 is an integral part of a large pectin synthesis protein complex and that proper function of this complex is important to support Golgi structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Lathe
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam14476, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UmeåSE-90187, Sweden
| | - Heather E. McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G5, Canada
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
| | - Liu Wang
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC3086, Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum44780, Germany
| | | | - Shuai Zheng
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
| | - Niels Noord
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UmeåSE-90187, Sweden
| | - Kristian Frandsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
| | - Rishikesh P. Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UmeåSE-90187, Sweden
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam14476, Germany
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, University of AdelaideJoint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
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Ramírez-Rodríguez EA, McFarlane HE. Insights from the Structure of a Plant Cellulose Synthase Trimer. Trends Plant Sci 2021; 26:4-7. [PMID: 33008741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is an essential component of plant cell walls and the most abundant biopolymer on Earth. Despite its chemical simplicity, questions remain regarding the mechanisms of cellulose synthesis. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of a simplified plant cellulose synthase enzyme complex provides new insights into assembly, localization, and regulation of this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
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