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Van Horn L, Lenders CM, Pratt CA, Beech B, Carney PA, Dietz W, DiMaria-Ghalili R, Harlan T, Hash R, Kohlmeier M, Kolasa K, Krebs NF, Kushner RF, Lieh-Lai M, Lindsley J, Meacham S, Nicastro H, Nowson C, Palmer C, Paniagua M, Philips E, Ray S, Rose S, Salive M, Schofield M, Thompson K, Trilk JL, Twillman G, White JD, Zappalà G, Vargas A, Lynch C. Advancing Nutrition Education, Training, and Research for Medical Students, Residents, Fellows, Attending Physicians, and Other Clinicians: Building Competencies and Interdisciplinary Coordination. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:1181-1200. [PMID: 31728505 PMCID: PMC6855992 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in health promotion and disease prevention and treatment across the lifespan. Physicians and other healthcare professionals are expected to counsel patients about nutrition, but recent surveys report minimal to no improvements in medical nutrition education in US medical schools. A workshop sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute addressed this gap in knowledge by convening experts in clinical and academic health professional schools. Representatives from the National Board of Medical Examiners, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, and the American Society for Nutrition provided relevant presentations. Reported is an overview of lessons learned from nutrition education efforts in medical schools and health professional schools including interprofessional domains and competency-based nutrition education. Proposed is a framework for coordinating activities of various entities using a public-private partnership platform. Recommendations for nutrition research and accreditation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Address correspondence to LVH (e-mail: )
| | - Carine M Lenders
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte A Pratt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bettina Beech
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Patricia A Carney
- Department of Family Medicine; of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William Dietz
- Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rose DiMaria-Ghalili
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Harlan
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert Hash
- American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Kohlmeier
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Kolasa
- Department of Family Medicine; of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert F Kushner
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Lieh-Lai
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Janet Lindsley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan Meacham
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Holly Nicastro
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caryl Nowson
- Department of Nutrition and Ageing, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carole Palmer
- Division of Nutrition & Oral Health, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Paniagua
- Test Materials Development, National Board of Medical Examiners, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Philips
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumantra Ray
- Global Center for Nutrition and Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Rose
- Department of Medicine, School of Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Marcel Salive
- Division of Geriatrics & Clinical Gerontology, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marsha Schofield
- Nutrition Services Coverage, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Jennifer L Trilk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Gwen Twillman
- Department of Education & Development, American Society for Nutrition, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D White
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giovanna Zappalà
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology and Head of the Office of Nutrition, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Vargas
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Lynch
- Office of Nutrition Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ezeamuzie CI, Sukumaran J, Philips E. Effect of wortmannin on human eosinophil responses in vitro and on bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in Guinea pigs in vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1633-9. [PMID: 11719302 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mediators activate eosinophils via transduction pathways involving the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The initial investigation of wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3-kinase, was of its effect on human and guinea pig eosinophil superoxide (O(2)(-)) release and degranulation in vitro. Subsequently, the effect on allergen- and Sephadex-induced bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in vivo in guinea pigs was investigated. Wortmannin potently inhibited complement C5a-induced O(2)(-) generation and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) release from human eosinophils, with 50% inhibition produced by a 1-10 nM concentration. Both aerosol allergen challenge of sensitized guinea pigs and intravenous injection of Sephadex beads in normal guinea pigs caused, in 24 h, significant eosinophilia and increased EPO activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and AHR to intravenous acetylcholine and histamine. In the allergic model, intranasal pretreatment with wortmannin had no effect on BALF eosinophilia, but dose dependently inhibited BALF EPO activity. At 1 mg/kg, the drug abolished the AHR to histamine, but not acetylcholine. In the Sephadex model, the drug significantly inhibited all three parameters (eosinophilia, increased EPO activity, and AHR to both spasmogens). These results show that wortmannin is a potent inhibitor of human eosinophil degranulation and that when administered intranasally can prevent AHR in allergen-challenged guinea pigs, probably by inhibiting eosinophil degranulation, but not their accumulation in BALF. This may be relevant to the possible clinical utility of wortmannin in conditions involving eosinophilic inflammation and AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Ezeamuzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Abstract
The effect of histamine on human eosinophil degranulation and the receptor mediating such effect were studied in vitro using the complement C5a-mediated eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) release model. Following pre-treatment with 5 microg ml(-1) cytochalasin B(CB), C5a induced a concentration-dependent release of EPO from eosinophils isolated from healthy donors. Histamine (0.1-50 microM), but not L-histidine, inhibited concentration-dependently C5a-induced EPO release with IC(50) (95% CI) of 0.6 microM (0.3-1.2 microM) and maximal inhibition of approximately 60%. A similar effect was seen with the selective H(2) agonists dimaprit (IC(50) (95% CI)=6.9 microM (3.2-10.6 microM)) and amthamine (IC(50) (95% CI)=0.4 microM (0.2-0.7 microM)). Neither the selective H(1) agonist 6-(2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamino)-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) heptanecarboxamide(HTMT), nor the selective H(3) agonists imetit (up to 100 microM) had any significant effect. The inhibition by histamine was reversed by cimetidine (0.1-30 microM) and other H(2) antagonists, but not the H(1) antagonist mepyramine (1.0- 100 microM), nor the H(3) antagonist thioperamide (1.0-100 microM). Cimetidine (1-30 microM) shifted to the right the dimaprit log dose-response curve, producing a pA(2) value of 5.9 and Schild's plot slope of 0.98, thus confirming simple competitive antagonism. Histamine (10-100 microM) increased intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, which was completely abolished by cimetidine (30 microM), but not mepyramine or thioperamide. The cyclic AMP analogue - dibutyryl cyclic AMP - also inhibited degranulation (IC(50) approximately 300 microM). The cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase(PDE) IV inhibitor rolipram (10 microM) synergistically enhanced the inhibition of EPO release by histamine. These results suggest that histamine, via stimulation of H(2) receptors and a consequent elevation of intracellular levels of cyclic AMP, inhibits human eosinophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Ezeamuzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, Kuwait.
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