1
|
Wopat M, Dunkerson F, Moss A, Moyer C, Pitterle A, Portillo E. Student Pharmacist Led Fish Oil Deprescribing Initiative at a Veterans Affairs Hospital and Rural Clinics. Innov Pharm 2023; 14:10.24926/iip.v14i3.5471. [PMID: 38487389 PMCID: PMC10936451 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v14i3.5471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Polypharmacy impacts one-third of older adults and has been shown to lead to adverse health effects. One contributor to polypharmacy includes omega-3 fatty acid (fish oil) due to the lack of evidence supporting clinical benefit. Pharmacists can identify and reduce polypharmacy, inspiring this student led deprescribing initiative to introduce a standard of care process for deprescribing fish oil. Purpose/Objectives: The overall objectives of this evaluation are to assess the need for a fish oil deprescribing process, to analyze the role of student pharmacists in deprescribing, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a fish oil deprescribing service. Methods: This project integrated three doctor of pharmacy students in their third year of pharmacy school who were enrolled in a yearlong class about improving healthcare for rural populations and the quality improvement research process. Four primary care clinic patient panels who were prescribed fish oil were assessed. Chart reviews were conducted, and patients were contacted to deprescribe their fish oil by the student and offer statin or lipid therapy modifications, if applicable. Results: A generated report identified 106 patients who had active prescriptions for fish oil. After application of exclusion criteria, 68 patients were included in the evaluation. A total of 76.2% of patients accepted at least one therapy modification offered by the pharmacy student. Conclusion: This evaluation demonstrates the positive impact of the integration of student pharmacists for deprescribing in a primary care setting. Opportunities exist to further explore student pharmacist roles within ambulatory care clinic models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wopat
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | | | - Alissa Moss
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI
| | - Chelsea Moyer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI
| | - Alyssa Pitterle
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI
| | - Edward Portillo
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Strange C, Tkacz J, Schinkel J, Lewing B, Agatep B, Swisher S, Patel S, Edwards D, Touchette DR, Portillo E, Feigler N, Pollack M. Exacerbations and Real-World Outcomes After Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate, Among Patients with COPD: Results from the EROS (US) Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2245-2256. [PMID: 37849918 PMCID: PMC10577086 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s432963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple therapy to prevent exacerbations from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with improved health compared to single and dual-agent therapy in some populations. This study assessed the benefits of prompt administration of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF) following a COPD exacerbation. Patients and methods EROS was a retrospective analysis of people with COPD using the MORE2 Registry®. Inclusion required ≥1 severe, ≥2 moderate, or ≥1 moderate exacerbation while on other maintenance treatment. Within 12 months following the index exacerbation, ≥1 pharmacy claim for BGF was required. Primary outcomes were the rate of COPD exacerbations and healthcare costs for those that received BGF promptly (within 30 days of index exacerbation) versus delayed (31-180 days) and very delayed (181-365 days). The effect of each 30-day delay in initiation of BGF was estimated using a multivariable negative binomial regression model. Results 2409 patients were identified: 434 prompt, 1187 delayed, and 788 very delayed. The rate (95% CI) of total exacerbations post-index increased as time to BGF initiation increased: prompt 1.52 (1.39-1.66); delayed 2.00 (1.92-2.09); and very delayed 2.30 (2.20-2.40). Adjusting for patient characteristics, each 30-day delay in receiving BGF was associated with a 5% increase in the average number of subsequent exacerbations (rate ratio, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.01-1.08; p<0.05). Prompt initiation of BGF was also associated with lower post-index annualized COPD-related costs ($5002 for prompt vs $7639 and $8724 for the delayed and very delayed groups, respectively). Conclusion Following a COPD exacerbation, promptly initiating BGF was associated with a reduction in subsequent exacerbations and reduced healthcare utilization and costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Strange
- College of Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sean Swisher
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sushma Patel
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Daniel R Touchette
- College of Pharmacy - Pharmacy Systems Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Portillo
- Pharmacy Practice & Translational Research Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Norbert Feigler
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Michael Pollack
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Portillo E, Lehmann M, Hagen T, Maurer M, Kettner J, Bhardwaj S, Goodrich D, McFarland MS, Virrueta N, Henderson B, Birstler J, Chui MA. Evaluation of an implementation package to deliver the COPD CARE service. BMJ Open Qual 2023; 12:bmjoq-2022-002074. [PMID: 36849192 PMCID: PMC9972453 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and is estimated to be the leading cause of death in the next 15 years. Patients with COPD suffer from persistent chronic cough, sputum production and exacerbations leading to deteriorating lung function, worsening quality of life and loss of independence. While evidence-based interventions exist to improve the well-being of patients with COPD, incorporation of these interventions into routine clinical care is challenging. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Coordinated Access to Reduce Exacerbations (COPD CARE) is a team-based, coordinated care transitions service integrating evidence-based interventions for COPD management within the patient care delivery model to reduce readmissions. This evaluation considers the process of scaling the COPD CARE service across medical facilities using an implementation package designed for service expansion. The implementation package was developed at the United States Veterans Health Administration and implemented at two medical centres. Core dissemination and implementation science methods were applied to guide design and delivery of the implementation package.The aims of this evaluation were to (1) evaluate the impact of the implementation package on use of evidence-based interventions for COPD management and (2) explore clinician perceptions of the implementation package. This prospective mixed-methods quality improvement project included two Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) cycles conducted over a 24-month period. Electronic health record data demonstrated significant improvements in the count of evidence-based interventions incorporated into routine clinical care after training completion (p<0.001), offering preliminary effectiveness of the package to improve uptake of best practices for COPD management. Clinician perceptions of the implementation package, measured by questionnaire at multiple time points, demonstrated significant improvements for all scales at the end of the final PDCA cycle. Clinicians described the implementation package as positively impacting clinician confidence, interprofessional collaboration and patient care delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Portillo
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Molly Lehmann
- Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy Hagen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Healthcare System of the Ozarks, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Martha Maurer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jordyn Kettner
- Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sonia Bhardwaj
- Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Goodrich
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity and Promotion (CHERP), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Shawn McFarland
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Natasha Virrueta
- Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Blake Henderson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Diffusion of Excellence, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jen Birstler
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michelle A Chui
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Portillo E, Gandara-Loe J, Reina TR, Pastor-Pérez L. Is the RWGS a viable route for CO 2 conversion to added value products? A techno-economic study to understand the optimal RWGS conditions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159394. [PMID: 36272470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the viability of the RWGS from a thermodynamic and techno-economic angle opens new horizons within CO2 conversion technologies. Unfortunately, profitability studies of this technology are scarce in literature and mainly focused on overall conversion and selectivity trends with tangential remarks on energy demands and process costs. To address this research gap, herein we present a comprehensive techno-economic study of the RWGS reaction when coupling with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is envisaged to produced fuels and chemicals using CO2 as building block. We showcase a remarkable impact of operating conditions in the final syngas product and both CAPEX and OPEX. From a capital investment perspective, optimal situations involve RWGS unit running at low temperatures and high pressures as evidenced by our results. However, from the running cost angle, operating at 4 bar is the most favorable alternative within the studied scenarios. Our findings showcase that, no matter the selected temperature the RWGS unit should be preferentially run at intermediate pressures. Ultimately, our work maps out multiple operating scenarios in terms of energy demand and process cost serving as guideline to set optimal reaction conditions to unlock the potential of the RWGS for chemical CO2 recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Portillo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - J Gandara-Loe
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - T R Reina
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - L Pastor-Pérez
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhardwaj S, Garvin S, Kuehl S, Van Epps J, Dunkerson F, Lehmann M, Gruber S, Kieser M, Zhao Q, Portillo E. Incorporation of Student Pharmacists into a Proton Pump Inhibitor Deprescribing Telehealth Program for Rural Veterans. Innov Pharm 2022; 13:10.24926/iip.v13i3.4500. [PMID: 36627915 PMCID: PMC9815872 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v13i3.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely prescribed class of medications in the United States. Although effective in the treatment of acid related disease, inappropriate PPI use is prevalent, and long-term PPI use has been associated with adverse effects. Objectives: This evaluation explores the novelty of a student-pharmacist directed PPI deprescribing telehealth program with the goals of (1) determining whether PPIs are appropriately prescribed in Veterans via remote student-led chart reviews, (2) identifying if a gap exists between urban and rural Veterans prescribed a PPI, and (3) assessing the feasibility of integrating student pharmacists into the PPI deprescribing process utilizing telehealth visits through a pilot study. Methods: Student pharmacists evaluated PPI appropriateness in Veterans at the William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital. Students collected data via remote chart reviews, compared appropriateness of PPI therapy in rural versus urban Veterans, and conducted a deprescribing pilot call study in rural Veterans with inappropriate PPI indications. Clinical decision-making was agreed upon in collaboration with pharmacist preceptors, however all means of communication with Veterans was performed by student pharmacists. Results: 51% of Veterans were found to have an inappropriate indication for their PPI, though comparison of inappropriate PPI use in rural versus urban Veterans was not statistically significant (n=170, p-value 0.34). 83% of Veterans agreed to proceed with PPI deprescribing and 71% of Veterans ended the pilot study with at least some degree of PPI dose reduction (n=33). Conclusion: Inappropriate PPI use among rural and urban Veterans is prevalent, however a significant difference was not observed between the two cohorts. Student pharmacists are capable of successful telehealth deprescribing interventions in collaboration with pharmacists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bhardwaj
- Doctor of Pharmacy Candidate, 2022,University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Stephanie Garvin
- Doctor of Pharmacy Candidate, 2022,University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Sierra Kuehl
- Doctor of Pharmacy Candidate, 2022,University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Johanna Van Epps
- Doctor of Pharmacy Candidate, 2022,University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Frederick Dunkerson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Molly Lehmann
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Stephanie Gruber
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Mara Kieser
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Edward Portillo
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI,Corresponding author: Edward Portillo, PharmD University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Portillo E, Gallego Fernández LM, Cano M, Alonso-Fariñas B, Navarrete B. Techno-Economic Comparison of Integration Options for an Oxygen Transport Membrane Unit into a Coal Oxy-Fired Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1224. [PMID: 36557130 PMCID: PMC9788216 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of membrane-based oxygen-fired combustion in power plants is considered an emerging technology that could reduce carbon emissions in a more efficient way than cryogenic oxygen-fired processes. In this paper, a techno-economic assessment was developed for a 863 MWel,net power plant to demonstrate whether this CCS technique results in a reduction in efficiency losses and economic demand. Four configurations based on oxygen transport membranes were considered, while the benchmark cases were the air combustion process without CO2 capture and a cryogenic oxygen-fired process. The type of driving force through the membrane (3-end or 4-end), the point of integration into the oxy-fuel combustion process, the heating system, and the pollutant control system were aspects considered in this work. In comparison, the efficiency losses for membrane-based alternatives were lower than those in the cryogenic oxygen-fired process, reaching savings of up to 14% net efficiency. Regarding the specific energy consumption for CO2 capture, the configuration based on the oxygen transport membrane unit with 4-end mode and hot filtration presented 1.01 kWel,net,·h/kgCO2 captured with 100% CO2 recovery, which is an improvement of 11% compared with the cases using cryogenic oxygen. Comparing economic aspects, the specific investment costs for cases based on the oxygen transport membrane unit varied between 2520 and 2942 $/kWel,net·h. This was between 39.6 and 48.2% above the investment for the reference case without carbon capture. However, its hypothetical implantation could suppose a savings of 10.7% in terms of investment cost compared with cryogenic oxygen-based case. In terms of the levelized cost of electricity and the cost of CO2 avoidance, the oxygen transport membrane configurations achieved more favorable results compared with the cryogenic route, reaching savings up to 14 and 38%, respectively. Although oxygen transport membrane units are currently not mature for commercial-scale applications, the results indicated that its application within carbon capture and storage technologies can be strongly competitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Portillo
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (B.A.-F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +34-954-481-397 (E.P.); +34-954-487-271 (B.A.-F.); +34-954-487-280 (B.N.)
| | | | | | - B. Alonso-Fariñas
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (B.A.-F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +34-954-481-397 (E.P.); +34-954-487-271 (B.A.-F.); +34-954-487-280 (B.N.)
| | - B. Navarrete
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (B.A.-F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +34-954-481-397 (E.P.); +34-954-487-271 (B.A.-F.); +34-954-487-280 (B.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evans KA, Pollack M, Portillo E, Strange C, Touchette DR, Staresinic A, Patel S, Tkacz J, Feigler N. Prompt initiation of triple therapy following hospitalization for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in the United States: An analysis of the PRIMUS study. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2022; 28:1366-1377. [PMID: 36427341 PMCID: PMC10372961 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.12.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Severe exacerbations requiring hospitalization contribute a substantial portion of the morbidity and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Triple therapy (inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting β-agonist + long-acting muscarinic antagonist) is a recommended option for patients who experience recurrent COPD exacerbations or persistent symptoms. Few real-world studies have specifically examined the effect of prompt initiation of triple therapy, specifically among patients hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether prompt initiation of triple therapy following a severe COPD exacerbation was associated with lower risk of subsequent exacerbations and lower health care use and costs and the effects of each 30-day delay of initiation. METHODS: Adults aged 40 years or older with COPD were identified in the Merative MarketScan Databases between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, and were required to meet the following criteria: open or closed triple therapy (date of first closed prescription or last component of open=index treatment date), more than 1 inpatient admission with a primary COPD diagnosis (ie, severe exacerbation) in the prior 12 months (index exacerbation), 12 months of continuous enrollment before (baseline) and after (follow-up) index exacerbation, and absence of select respiratory diseases and cancer. Patients were stratified based on timing of open or closed triple therapy after the index exacerbation: prompt (≤30 days), delayed (31-180 days), or very delayed (181-365 days). Multivariable regression controlled for baseline characteristics (age, sex, insurance type, index year, comorbidities, prior treatment, and prior exacerbations) and estimated the odds of subsequent exacerbations, change in the number of exacerbations, and change in health care costs during 12-month follow-up associated with each 30-day delay of triple therapy initiation. RESULTS: A total of 6,772 patients met inclusion criteria (2,968 [43.8%] prompt, 1,998 [29.5%] delayed, and 1,806 [26.7%] very delayed). The adjusted odds of any exacerbation and a severe exacerbation during 12-month follow-up increased by 13% (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.13 [1.11-1.15]) and 10% (1.10 [1.08-1.12]), respectively, for each 30-day delay in triple therapy initiation, and the mean number of exacerbations increased by 5.4% (95% CI = 4.7%-6.1%). There was a 3.0% increase (95% CI = 2.2%-3.8%) in mean all-cause costs and a 3.7% increase (95% CI = 2.9%-4.6%) in total COPD-related costs for each 30-day delay of triple therapy initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Longer delays in triple therapy initiation after a COPD hospitalization result in greater risk of subsequent exacerbations and higher health care resource use and costs. Adequate post-discharge follow-up care and earlier consideration of triple therapy may improve clinical and economic outcomes among patients with COPD. DISCLOSURES: This study was funded by AstraZeneca. Dr Evans is employed by Merative, formerly IBM Watson Health, and Mr Tkacz was employed by IBM Watson Health at the time of this study; Merative/IBM Watson Health received funding from AstraZeneca to conduct this study. Mr Pollack, Dr Staresinic, Dr Feigler, and Dr Patel are employed by AstraZeneca. Dr Touchette, Dr Portillo, and Dr Strange are paid consultants to AstraZeneca. Dr Strange also participates in research grants paid to the Medical University of South Carolina by AstraZeneca, CSA Medical, and Nuvaira, and is a consultant to GlaxoSmithKline, Morair, and PulManage regarding COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Evans
- Real World Data Research and Analytics, Merative, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Edward Portillo
- Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | - Charlie Strange
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Daniel R Touchette
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago
| | | | - Sushma Patel
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE
| | - Joseph Tkacz
- Life Sciences, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, now with Inovalon, Washington DC
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tkacz J, Evans KA, Touchette DR, Portillo E, Strange C, Staresinic A, Feigler N, Patel S, Pollack M. PRIMUS – Prompt Initiation of Maintenance Therapy in the US: A Real-World Analysis of Clinical and Economic Outcomes Among Patients Initiating Triple Therapy Following a COPD Exacerbation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:329-342. [PMID: 35177901 PMCID: PMC8843423 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s347735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may experience moderate (requiring outpatient care) or severe (requiring hospitalization) disease exacerbations. Guidelines recommend escalation from dual to triple therapy (inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting beta agonist + long-acting muscarinic antagonist) after two moderate or one severe exacerbation in a year. This study examined whether prompt initiation of triple therapy lowers risk of future exacerbations and reduces healthcare costs, compared to delayed/very delayed triple therapy after an exacerbation. Patients and Methods This retrospective observational study of US healthcare claims included patients ≥40 years old with COPD who initiated triple therapy (1/1/2011–3/31/2020) after ≥2 moderate or ≥1 severe exacerbation in the prior year. The earliest of the second moderate or first severe exacerbation was the index date. Patients were stratified by triple therapy timing: prompt (≤30 days post-index), delayed (31–180 days), very delayed (181–365 days). COPD exacerbations, all-cause and COPD-related healthcare utilization and costs were assessed during 12 months post-index (follow-up). Multivariable regression estimated the effect of each 30-day delay in triple therapy on the odds of exacerbations, number of exacerbations, and costs during follow-up, controlling for patient characteristics. Results A total of 24,770 patients were included: 7577 prompt, 9676 delayed, 7517 very delayed. Each 30-day delay of triple therapy was associated with 11% and 7% increases in the odds of any exacerbation and a severe exacerbation, respectively (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.11 [1.10–1.13] and 1.07 [1.05–1.08]), a 4.3% (95% CI: 3.9–4.6%) increase in the number of exacerbations, a 1.8% (95% CI: 1.3–2.3%) increase in all-cause costs, and a 2.1% (95% CI: 1.6–2.6%) increase in COPD-related costs during follow-up. Conclusion Promptly initiating triple therapy after two moderate or one severe exacerbation is associated with decreased morbidity and economic burden in COPD. Proactive disease management may be warranted to prevent future exacerbations and lower costs among patients with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tkacz
- Life Sciences, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Daniel R Touchette
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Portillo
- Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charlie Strange
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anthony Staresinic
- BioPharmaceuticals, US Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Norbert Feigler
- BioPharmaceuticals, US Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sushma Patel
- BioPharmaceuticals, US Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Michael Pollack
- BioPharmaceuticals, US Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Correspondence: Michael Pollack, AstraZeneca, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE, 19850, USA, Tel +1 302 377 4911, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gandara-Loe J, Portillo E, Odriozola JA, Reina TR, Pastor-Pérez L. K-Promoted Ni-Based Catalysts for Gas-Phase CO 2 Conversion: Catalysts Design and Process Modelling Validation. Front Chem 2021; 9:785571. [PMID: 34869232 PMCID: PMC8636742 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.785571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of greenhouse gas emissions and their associated climate change problems have motivated the development of strategies to reduce CO2 levels via CO2 capture and conversion. Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction has been targeted as a promising pathway to convert CO2 into syngas which is the primary reactive in several reactions to obtain high-value chemicals. Among the different catalysts reported for RWGS, the nickel-based catalyst has been proposed as an alternative to the expensive noble metal catalyst. However, Ni-based catalysts tend to be less active in RWGS reaction conditions due to preference to CO2 methanation reaction and to the sintering and coke formation. Due to this, the aim of this work is to study the effect of the potassium (K) in Ni/CeO2 catalyst seeking the optimal catalyst for low-temperature RWGS reaction. We synthesised Ni-based catalyst with different amounts of K:Ni ratio (0.5:10, 1:10, and 2:10) and fully characterised using different physicochemical techniques where was observed the modification on the surface characteristics as a function of the amount of K. Furthermore, it was observed an improvement in the CO selectivity at a lower temperature as a result of the K-Ni-support interactions but also a decrease on the CO2 conversion. The 1K catalyst presented the best compromise between CO2 conversion, suppression of CO2 methanation and enhancing CO selectivity. Finally, the experimental results were contrasted with the trends obtained from the thermodynamics process modelling observing that the result follows in good agreement with the modelling trends giving evidence of the promising behaviour of the designed catalysts in CO2 high-scale units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gandara-Loe
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - E Portillo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J A Odriozola
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - T R Reina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - L Pastor-Pérez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cano M, Reina TR, Portillo E, Gallego Fernández LM, Navarrete B. Characterization of emissions of condensable particulate matter under real operation conditions in cement clinker kilns using complementary experimental techniques. Sci Total Environ 2021; 786:147472. [PMID: 33975119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the emission of particles from clinker kiln stacks has been one of the main environmental concerns in cement manufacturing processes. Up to now, environmental regulations have only focused on determining and controlling filterable particulate matter (FPM) in industrial emission sources. However, in recent years a growing interest in determining and analysing condensable particulate matter (CPM) has been evidenced due to the significant and established contribution of CPM to total emissions of particulate matter (PM). In this work, total PM (FPM + CPM) emissions from a clinker kiln in a cement manufacturing process have been characterized. A series of tests were performed to simultaneously collect FPM and CPM using a sampling train patented by University of Seville. The results showed very low level of emissions compared to regulatory limits. The average FPM and CPM concentrations obtained in the kiln were in the same order of magnitude, at 3.4 mg/Nm3 and 2.8 mg/Nm3, respectively. The CPM analysed was predominantly inorganic and represented 46% of total PM emissions. In addition, a microscopic morphological analysis was carried out on the samples and confirmed the presence of CPM with a size of less than 2 μm, as well as establishing the principal constituent elements of the same. The main element components were Al, Ca, Fe, Si, C and O. Compounds such as CaCO3, alite, ferrite and dolomite were detected with analytical characterization techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD), providing a better understanding of the sources of contamination within CPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cano
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - T R Reina
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - E Portillo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luz M Gallego Fernández
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Navarrete
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wopat M, Breslow R, Chesney K, McCauley M, Van Gysel R, Gray A, Hilsenhoff J, Edwardson G, Nachreiner J, Hoff L, Gruber S, Shattuck P, Portillo E. Implementation of a pharmacist and student pharmacist-led primary care service to identify and treat rural veterans at risk for osteoporotic fracture. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 61:e105-e112. [PMID: 34393078 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and implement a pharmacist and student pharmacist-led osteoporosis service to increase dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening rates among rural veterans and treat those at high risk of osteoporotic fractures. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide direct patient care in the Department of Veterans Affairs ambulatory care setting owing to their broad scope of practice. Clinical Pharmacy Specialists (CPSs) have the authority to order laboratory tests and imaging, prescribe medications, refer patients to specialty services, and monitor patients along with the primary care team. PRACTICE INNOVATION The implementation of a pharmacist-led osteoporosis primary prevention service using student pharmacists to identify and treat patients has not been previously described in the literature to the authors' knowledge. EVALUATION METHODS Student pharmacists in their third year contacted veterans who met the inclusion criteria for osteoporosis screening. The veterans were offered DXA scans and provided education on the risk factors for osteoporosis. After the DXA scans were completed, the students and the CPS reviewed the results to determine treatment strategies. The primary objective was evaluated by comparing the pre- and post-implementation rates of DXA screening. The other process markers that were evaluated included (1) completed DXA scans, (2) new diagnoses of osteoporosis or osteopenia, (3) patients eligible for treatment on the basis of the DXA screening results, and (4) patients who started oral bisphosphonate therapy. RESULTS Of the 232 rural veterans evaluated, 36 had completed DXA scans before this service was implemented. After the service was implemented, 115 veterans completed DXA scans. A total of 57 patients received a new diagnosis, 33 were eligible for therapy, and 12 started oral bisphosphonate therapy after intervention by the CPS. CONCLUSION The implementation of a pharmacist-driven osteoporosis screening and treatment service demonstrated an increase in the rate of DXA screening among rural veterans.
Collapse
|
12
|
Look KA, Dekeyser C, Conjurske S, Platta M, Bohnen C, Black P, Portillo E. Illustrating access to community pharmacies in Wisconsin. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 61:492-499. [PMID: 33707122 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community pharmacists also play a vital public health role in increasing access to health care services and information during times of public health crisis. To examine access to community pharmacies in Wisconsin and the relationship between pharmacy locations and primary care health professional shortage areas (HPSAs). METHODS A list of licensed pharmacies in Wisconsin was screened to identify community pharmacies. Rural-urban commuting area codes were used to classify the rurality of pharmacy locations. Descriptive measures and pharmacy location maps were used to assess access to community pharmacies in the state as well as the relationship between pharmacy locations and primary care HPSAs. Spatial analysis was conducted to estimate the percentage of the population that lives within 10-, 20-, and 30-minute drive times of each community pharmacy. RESULTS Of the 837 community pharmacies in Wisconsin, 73 (68.5%) were located in metropolitan areas, 95 (11.4%) in micropolitan areas, 112 (13.4%) in small towns, and 57 (6.8%) in rural areas. A total of 265 (31.7%) community pharmacies were located in a primary care HPSA. The drive-time analysis found that 99.7% of the population lives within 30 minutes of a pharmacy, 98.7% within 20 minutes of a pharmacy, and 89.3% within 10 minutes of a pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS Nearly the entire Wisconsin population has convenient access to community pharmacies. Community pharmacies are ideally located in underserved areas with shortages of other health professionals, which may provide an opportunity for pharmacists to take on additional clinical roles to support health care providers and facilities in these areas.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gallimore CE, Porter AL, Barnett SG, Portillo E, Zorek JA. A state-level needs analysis of community pharmacy point-of-care testing. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 61:e93-e98. [PMID: 33431252 PMCID: PMC7832632 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The uptake of point-of-care testing (POCT) within community pharmacies at state and national levels is largely unknown despite the endorsement and advocacy efforts of pharmacy organizations, recent legislative advances, and numerous models for successful POCT implementation within individual pharmacy sites. Objectives The study aimed to describe the current landscape of POCT in Wisconsin community pharmacies and identify opportunities for the advancement of testing and the key factors influencing the realization of these opportunities. Methods A survey was administered over the telephone to pharmacy managers of community pharmacies in Wisconsin. The sites were randomly selected from predefined geographic regions to mirror pharmacy distribution across Wisconsin. The survey items evaluated provision of POCT, future direction of POCT, barriers and motivators to offering POCT, and pharmacy demographics. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze data. Results Pharmacy managers from 147 of the 938 registered community pharmacies (15.7%) participated in the survey. Only 17.1% of the pharmacies were offering POCT; however, 48.3% of managers reported that their pharmacy would likely implement or expand POCT within the next 5 years. The most commonly reported barriers to initiating or expanding POCT were the limitations on pharmacist availability to oversee testing and workflow restrictions. Continuing to advance the pharmacy profession was a top reason for offering or expanding testing services. Discussion While few pharmacies are offering POCT in Wisconsin, there is motivation for expansion in coming years. Understanding, anticipating and addressing common barriers can faciliate this process. Conclusion This needs analysis offers a blueprint for researchers, educators, and clinicians to shape POCT efforts by examining the landscape of pharmacy-based testing in their own states and communities.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The changing profession of pharmacy demands student preparation in dynamic courses that address the evolving healthcare landscape. Identifying an evidence-based approach to develop such coursework and content, however, can be a considerable challenge for curriculum innovators. This manuscript explores how curriculum design models can be applied as a guide to promote purposeful development of new curriculum, with the goal of promoting students as APPE, practice, and career-ready practitioners. Authors specifically describe a case study example for the process of creating a novel rural health course using the Taba curriculum design model as a guide for selecting course content, objectives, teaching strategies, learning experiences, and evaluative measures. Through the incorporation of the Taba model, this manuscript presents an evidence-based approach to curriculum development which can be replicated across schools and colleges of pharmacy. The described approach to curriculum design, which integrates models to guide the creative process, is a systematic approach to developing curriculum with purpose. Additional opportunities exist for curriculum innovators across the academy to explore incorporation of curriculum design models to guide course development, as well as to drive curricular assessment strategies and further curriculum refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Look
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | - Dave Mott
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | | | - Mara Kieser
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zumach GM, Portillo E. Cultivating a Community of Practice through Podcasting. Innov Pharm 2020; 11. [PMID: 34017618 PMCID: PMC8132513 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v11i1.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While innovation in pharmacy education can be sparked through many avenues, the opportunity to learn and engage with others through practice communities is considered by many as a creative outlet for exchange and discovery. This commentary specifically describes a contemporary approach to promote such a dialogue globally through podcasting, which is a free and highly accessible medium for dissemination and exchange of innovative teaching practices. In 2018, two faculty from two colleges of pharmacy created a podcast titled Leadership Development in Pharmacy Education (LDPEcast), which provides a unique modality to stimulate discussion and disseminate ideas within the community of practice. This commentary provides a case illustration for how a podcast can be intentionally designed and implemented with the goal of inspiring engagement across a global practice community. Early results of the podcast have been largely successful with nearly 1000 episode downloads and an additional 445 episode streams from audience members. While this podcast was designed specifically to discuss leadership integration within pharmacy training, opportunities may exist for further exploration of podcasting to spread innovative ideas, practices, and evaluative approaches in pharmacy education, while strengthening connections and elevating communities of practice across institutions.
Article Type: Commentary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Zumach
- Oregon State University College of Pharmacy
- Corresponding author: Gregory M. Zumach, PharmD, BCPS, Oregon State University College of Pharmacy, 1601 SW Jefferson Ave, 203 Pharmacy Bldg., Corvallis, Oregon 97331,
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Portillo E, Gallimore CE. Application of Absorb-Do-Connect learning framework to foster experiential, practice, and career-ready learners. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2020; 12:251-254. [PMID: 32273059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As educators, we have the opportunity to produce experiential-ready, practice-ready, and career-ready practitioners. Student attitudes and values influence how learned knowledge and skills will be enacted, and therefore are key determinants of career-readiness. However, attitudes and values can be challenging to see and measure in learners. In this commentary, the authors propose purposeful selection and application of an educational framework to foster those less tangible, but powerful, factors. PERSPECTIVE To illustrate this perspective, authors describe key components of the Absorb-Do-Connect learning framework and provide rationale for the framework's alignment with self-efficacy theory. The authors propose that Absorb-Do-Connect can be applied within pharmacy education to design learning activities that establish relevance in learning and subsequently foster self-efficacy through growth in attitudes and values. IMPLICATIONS The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards emphasize connecting current education to past experiences and future practice to establish relevance in learning. In this manner, authors suggest Absorb-Do-Connect can be used by schools and colleges of pharmacy to inform new innovations and revise existing coursework to meet the standards. Opportunity exists to formally assess the relationship between absorbing, engaging with and purposely connecting knowledge and skills, and the development of self-efficacy in student pharmacists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Portillo
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Casey E Gallimore
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arriandiaga A, Portillo E, Sánchez J, Cabanes I, Zubizarreta A. Downsizing training data with weighted FCM for predicting the evolution of specific grinding energy with RNNs. Appl Soft Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Arriandiaga A, Portillo E, Sánchez JA, Cabanes I, Pombo I. A new approach for dynamic modelling of energy consumption in the grinding process using recurrent neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-015-1957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Portillo E, Ruiz de la Rosa M, Louzara G, Ruiz JM, Marín-Guirao L, Quesada J, González JC, Roque F, González N, Mendoza H. Assessment of the abiotic and biotic effects of sodium metabisulphite pulses discharged from desalination plant chemical treatments on seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) habitats in the Canary Islands. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 80:222-33. [PMID: 24495930 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis membranes at many desalination plants are disinfected by periodic shock treatments with sodium metabisulphite, which have potentially toxic effects to the environment for marine life, although no empirical and experimental evidence for this is yet available. The aim of this study was to characterise for the first time, the physico-chemical modification of the marine environment and its biological effects, caused by hypersaline plumes during these membrane cleaning treatments. The case study was the Maspalomas II desalination plant, located in the south of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). Toxicity bioassays were performed on marine species characteristic for the infralittoral soft bottoms influenced by the brine plume (Synodus synodus and Cymodocea nodosa), and revealed a high sensitivity to short-term exposure to low sodium metabisulphite concentrations. The corrective measure of incorporating a diffusion system with Venturi Eductors reduced nearly all the areas of influence, virtually eliminating the impact of the disinfectant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Portillo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, S.A. (Canary Islands Technological Institute) Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35110 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - M Ruiz de la Rosa
- ECOS, Estudios Ambientales y Oceanografía, S.L., C/Alfred Nobel 31B, 35013 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - G Louzara
- ECOS, Estudios Ambientales y Oceanografía, S.L., C/Alfred Nobel 31B, 35013 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J M Ruiz
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Marín-Guirao
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Quesada
- Canaragua, S.A. Avda. Manuel Hermoso Rojas, 4, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - J C González
- Elmasa Tecnología del Agua, S.A., Av. de Tirajana no 39, Edificio Mercurio Torre 2, Sexta Planta, 35100 San Bartolomé de Tirajana, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - F Roque
- Elmasa Tecnología del Agua, S.A., Av. de Tirajana no 39, Edificio Mercurio Torre 2, Sexta Planta, 35100 San Bartolomé de Tirajana, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - N González
- Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas, Ctra. de Taliarte, s/n, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - H Mendoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, S.A. (Canary Islands Technological Institute) Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35110 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chernesky M, Jang D, Smieja M, Portillo E, Kapala J, Sumner J. Burden of infection with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis and HR-HPV in homeless youth determined by APTIMA testing. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
21
|
Chernesky M, Jang D, Portillo E, Smieja M. Screening for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae Infections by Testing Penile Meatal Swabs and Urine with APTIMA® Combo 2. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
22
|
Chernesky M, Jang D, Portillo E, Chong S, Smieja M, Luinstra K, Petrich A, Macritchie C, Ewert R, Hayhoe B, Sarabia A, Thompson F. Abilities of APTIMA, AMPLICOR, and ProbeTec assays to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in PreservCyt ThinPrep Liquid-based Pap samples. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2355-8. [PMID: 17537943 PMCID: PMC1951221 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00405-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are often asymptomatic. Liquid-based Pap (L-Pap) screening may provide samples for testing by commercial assays. Women attending a health clinic or a street youth clinic had a PreservCyt ThinPrep sample and a cervical swab (CS) collected. The L-Pap sample was tested for cytopathology; then 1 ml was transferred to an L-Pap specimen transfer tube for testing by the Gen-Probe APTIMA assays (APTIMA Combo 2 [AC2], APTIMA C. trachomatis [ACT], and APTIMA N. gonorrhoeae [AGC]). The residual L-Pap sample was tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae using Roche AMPLICOR (AMP) and Becton Dickinson ProbeTec (PT). The CS was tested by AC2. A patient was considered infected if two specimens were positive or if a single specimen was positive in two tests. The prevalence of infection was 10% (29/290) for C. trachomatis and 2.4% (7/290) for N. gonorrhoeae. Most of the positive patients had specimens that were reactive in all assays (20/29 for C. trachomatis; 6/7 for N. gonorrhoeae). Four patients had double infections. The sensitivities and specificities of the various tests for the specimens tested were as follows. For C. trachomatis on L-Pap, sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 98.1%, respectively, for ACT, 93.1 and 98.8% for AC2, 86.2 and 91.2% for AMP, and 72.4 and 92.7% for PT. For N. gonorrhoeae on L-Pap, sensitivity and specificity were 100% for both AGC and AC2, 85.7 and 100% for AMP, and 85.7 and 100% for PT. For AC2 with CSs, sensitivity and specificity were 93.1 and 98.5%, respectively, for C. trachomatis, and both were 100% for N. gonorrhoeae. There were significant differences in sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.001). The APTIMA assays were more sensitive and specific than AMP or PT for detecting women's C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae infections by testing ThinPrep samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chernesky
- St. Joseph's Healthcare/McMaster University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chinchurreta-Capote A, Trueba A, Hernández FJ, Piñas P, López S, Tena ME, Aznarez N, Portillo E, Castillón L. [Ocular findings in Carney complex]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 81:709-11. [PMID: 17199165 DOI: 10.4321/s0365-66912006001200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, characterized by myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation, endocrine tumors and ophthalmic abnormalities. DISCUSSION We report the ocular findings which usually precede the most serious component of the complex, the cardiac myxoma.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zazpe I, Caballero C, Cabada T, Guerrero D, Gallo-Ruiz A, Portillo E. Solitary thoracic intradural extramedullary plasmacytoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007; 149:529-32; discussion 532. [PMID: 17404683 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-007-1138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bodies of the vertebrae are common locations for plasma cell diseases such as multiple myeloma and solitary plasmacytoma. Secondary invasion of the epidural space is infrequent but can cause neurological symptoms. Spinal cord compression due to pure intradural plasma cell infiltration is very rare. The authors report a 25-year-old woman who developed a progressive difficulty in walking due to a solitary spinal dural plasmacytoma. This is the first reported example in the English language literature of a purely intradural spinal plasmacytoma in a patient without other myelomatous lesions. An entirely intradural solitary plasmacytoma has a relatively better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Zazpe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zazpe I, Vázquez A, Beaumont C, Bardón A, Azcona J, Gallo-Ruiz A, Portillo E. [Multiple penetrating brain injuries caused by a nail gun: a case report]. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2006; 17:544-9. [PMID: 17242844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple and self-inflicted penetrating brain injuries (PBI) rare. PBI are rare. We report the case of multiple self-inflicted PBI in a 45 year old man caused by a nail gun. He was admitted to after shooting four nails into his head and one into his thorax. We review the literature on the topic and describe how this case was successfully managed in our hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Zazpe
- Servicios de Neurocirugía. Hospital de Navarra
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zazpe I, Vázquez A, Beaumont C, Bardón A, Azcona J, Gallo-Ruiz A, Portillo E. Heridas múltiples penetrantes intracraneales causadas por pistola de clavos: caso clínico. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2006. [DOI: 10.4321/s1130-14732006000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
27
|
Inda MM, Perot C, Guillaud-Bataille M, Danglot G, Rey JA, Bello MJ, Fan X, Eberhart C, Zazpe I, Portillo E, Tuñón T, Martínez-Peñuela JM, Bernheim A, Castresana JS. Genetic heterogeneity in supratentorial and infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the central nervous system. Histopathology 2006; 47:631-7. [PMID: 16324202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Medulloblastoma (MB), a kind of infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET), is the most frequent malignant brain tumour in childhood. In contrast, supratentorial PNET (sPNET) are very infrequent tumours, but they are histologically similar to MB, although they present a worse clinical outcome. We investigated the differences in genetic abnormalities between sPNET and MB. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 20 central PNET (14 MB and six sPNET) by conventional comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in order to determine whether a different genetic profile for each tumour exists. Isochromosome 17q was detected in four of the 14 MB cases, but not in any sPNET. Gains at 17q and 7 happened more frequently in MB, and those at 1q in sPNET. Losses at chromosome 10 were detected only in MB, while losses at 16p and 19p happened more frequently in sPNET. A new amplification site, on 4q12, was detected in two MB. CONCLUSIONS Central PNET are a heterogeneous group of tumours from the genetic point of view. The present and previous data, together with further results from larger series, might contribute to the establishment of specific treatments for supratentorial and infratentorial PNET.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Humans
- Infratentorial Neoplasms/genetics
- Infratentorial Neoplasms/pathology
- Medulloblastoma/genetics
- Medulloblastoma/pathology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/genetics
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/pathology
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Supratentorial Neoplasms/genetics
- Supratentorial Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Inda
- Laboratoire de Génomique Cellulaire des Cancers, UMR1599, CNRS, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zazpe I, De Llano P, Gorosquieta A, Cabada T, Tuñón T, Vázquez A, Azcona J, Gallo-Ruiz A, Portillo E. Linfoma cerebral primario: revisión bibliográfica y experiencia en el Hospital de Navarra en los últimos 5 años (2000-2004). An Sist Sanit Navar 2005; 28:367-77. [PMID: 16421615 DOI: 10.4321/s1137-66272005000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary cerebral lymphoma (Primary CNS Lymphoma, PCNSL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in the central nervous system without evidence of lymphoma in any other localization at the time of diagnosis. Primary cerebral lymphomas are less well-known and are characterized than their homologues the systemic lymphomas, as they are an entity whose frequency was scarce until a few decades ago. However, the great rise in incidence that this pathology has undergone over the last three decades, and which is still unexplained, makes more studies necessary to better understand the etiopathology of this entity. Thanks to the new systems of treatment, the prognosis of this pathology has improved significantly in recent years. Nonetheless, treatment of primary cerebral lymphoma continues to give rise to numerous controversies at present due to its high neurotoxicity in patients over 60 years of age, a group of patients frequently affected by this pathology. To resolve these and other questions it is necessary to deep in the study of primary cerebral lymphoma and to carry out high quality clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Zazpe
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Galloway DS, Ko J, Mandsager RE, Reaugh HF, Payton ME, Portillo E. Comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthetic index in unpremedicated dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2003; 30:103-104. [PMID: 28404385 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2003.00133_10.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jch Ko
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - H F Reaugh
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - M E Payton
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - E Portillo
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Primary dural lymphomas are rare. Usually they present themselves as diffuse lesions and are infrequently well-delimited. We present a 44 year old male, who was admitted into our Centre after a generalised seizure. Neuroimage studies (CT scan, MRI and angiography) were performed, demonstrating a right hemispheric well-delimited extra-axial mass, being diagnosed initially as meningioma. The patient underwent surgery with radical scission of the mass and dural margins. Histopathological diagnosis was Non-Hodgkin B-Cell lymphoma (marginal B-Cell lymphoma), which nowadays is considered as MALT lymphoma (Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue). Studies directed to establish tumour extension didn't demonstrate the existence of another lesions in the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vázquez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital De Navarra.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The characteristics of specific binding of the ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel blocker [3H]glibenclamide to forebrain membranes (P(2) fraction, 4 degrees C) obtained from morphine-naive and -tolerant mice were evaluated. Morphine tolerance was induced by osmotic minipumps that released 45 mg/kg/day of morphine subcutaneously for 6 days. This treatment enhanced the antinociceptive ED(50) of morphine without changing its E(max). In morphine-naive animals, (1) both the association and the dissociation of [3H]glibenclamide were biphasic; (2) [3H]glibenclamide was displaced by other sulfonylureas (order of potency: glibenclamide>glipizide&z.Gt;tolbutamide) with pseudo-Hill coefficients lower than unity and biphasic Hofstee plots; and (3) Scatchard plots of saturation experiments were curvilinear, showed a Hill coefficient of 0.81+/-0.04 and suggested the presence of two binding sites with a K(D) of 0.13 and 3.17 nM and a B(max) of 12.30 and 84.47 fmol/mg protein, respectively. By contrast, in membranes obtained from morphine-tolerant animals, (1) the Scatchard plots showed only one population of binding sites with a K(D) of 0.87 nM and a B(max) of 77.99 fmol/mg protein, and the Hill coefficient was very close to unity (0.96+/-0.1); (2) competition experiments (using glibenclamide as displacer) showed a pseudo-Hill coefficient of 0.99+/-0.04; and (3) dissociation experiments showed only one phase of dissociation. These results suggest that [3H]glibenclamide binds to two different sites in membranes obtained from morphine-naive animals, but to only one site in morphine-tolerant animals. Consequently, it seems that morphine tolerance in mice involves adaptive changes in K(ATP) channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G González
- Departamento de Farmacología e Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Madrid 11, E-18012, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
González del Val A, Platas G, Basilio A, Cabello A, Gorrochategui J, Suay I, Vicente F, Portillo E, Jiménez del Río M, Reina GG, Peláez F. Screening of antimicrobial activities in red, green and brown macroalgae from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). Int Microbiol 2001; 4:35-40. [PMID: 11770818 DOI: 10.1007/s101230100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from 44 species of seaweed from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) were screened for the production of antibacterial and antifungal compounds against a panel of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, yeasts and fungi. A total of 28 species displayed antibacterial activity, of which six also showed antifungal activity. Asparagopsis taxiformis and Cymopolia barbata were the species with the strongest activities against the broadest spectrum of target microorganisms. All the species with antibacterial activity were active against gram-positive bacteria, whereas only two species, A. taxiformis and Osmundea hybrida, were active against mycobacteria. The production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activities by the macroalgae was also studied under different conditions, although no common trend for bioactivity was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A González del Val
- Center for Basic Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck Sharp & Dohme de España, Madrid.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zazpe L, Vázquez A, Guridi J, Azcona J, Gallo-Ruiz A, Portillo E. 5 Hematoma subdural agudo como forma de debut de una púrpura trombopénica idiopática (PTI). Neurocirugia (Astur) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1473(01)70860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
34
|
Zazpe I, Vázquez A, Guridi J, Azcona J, Gallo-Ruiz A, Portillo E, Tuñón T, Amat I. 13. Prolongada supervivencia de un caso de glioblastoma multiforme. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1473(01)70839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Gil-Salú J, Portillo E, Guridi J, Gallo-Ruiz A, Azcona J, Aguilera F, Uriz J, González M. Valoración de la profilaxis antibiótica en procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos. Neurocirugia (Astur) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1473(95)70780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Aguilar LC, Islas A, Rosique P, Hernandez B, Portillo E, Herrera JM, Cortes R, Cruz S, Alfaro F, Martin R. Psychometric analysis in children with mental retardation due to perinatal hypoxia treated with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and showing improvement in mental development. J Intellect Disabil Res 1993; 37 ( Pt 6):507-520. [PMID: 8123997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has shown a neurotrophic effect in the neurons of several CNS areas. In vivo, it contributes to restore neurochemical and morphological deficits in different rodent models of brain damage, including rats with brain damage induced by hypoxia/ischemia when FGF was intramuscularly (i.m.) administered. Toxicological and immunological studies performed in rats, mice and volunteers showed no evidence of side-effects. Bovine FGF was i.m. administered in children with mental retardation caused by perinatal hypoxia, aged 1-15 years, at dosages of 0.4 or 0.28 microgram kg-1, once or twice a month, over 7-12 months. Group A [n = 12; 6 treated (T), 6 controls (Ct)], group B (n = 16; 8 T, 8 Ct) and group C (n = 67; 45 T, 22 Ct) were evaluated with the P. A. R. scale, the WISC-RM and the Gesell scale, respectively. Development increased significantly in treated children from groups A (P < 0.02) and C (P < 0.001), and IQ rose by more than 10 points (P < 0.001) in group B patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Aguilar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Neuroplasticidad y Desarrollo Celular, Guadalajara, Jal. Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Reyes H, Tomé P, Guiscafré H, Martínez H, Romero G, Portillo E, Rodríguez R, Gutiérrez G. [The verbal autopsy on children with a respiratory infection and acute diarrhea. An analysis of the disease-care-death process]. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1993; 50:7-16. [PMID: 8427654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on children between 72 hours and five years of age who died of acute respiratory infection (ARI) or acute diarrhea (AD) in the State of Tlaxcala. Peer Review Mortality Committee of the State contributed with the staff to the deaths analysis. Cases were included only when diagnosis was confirmed by verbal autopsy (VA). One hundred and thirty two cases were included (98 corresponding to ARI deaths and 34 to AD). The process related to medical care-seeking behaviors and prescribing practices by private and non-private physicians was analyzed through the VA. During the study period, 60% of children with ARI and 58.9% of children with AD died at home. More than 80% of these children had received medical care within three days preceding their death, and 50% of them had been seen by a physician within 12 hours prior to their death. Most of these visits were to a private doctor (71% for ARI and 86% for AD). Forty seven percent of treatments prescribed for ARI were judged to be wrong, either because of a bad choice of antibiotic or because the physician did not prescribe an antibiotic when the patient required it. Similarly, 65% of treatments for AD were considered erroneous, either due to the use of an antibiotic which was not justified or due to the lack of oral rehydration therapy when it was needed. Additionally, late referral to a hospital was considered as having direct influence at the death in half of the consultation. Families were too late in demanding medical care or demanded no care at all in 21.9% of cases of ARI and in 6.1% of cases of AD. We have found the VA to be useful in identifying problems related to the process of health-seeking behaviors and medical care. Our results suggest interventions that may lower the high mortality rates in Tlaxcala, such as training workshops directed to institutional and private physicians, and the implementation of top-of-line treatment centers where high-risk patients can be referred and also the health care workers can learn the correct treatment of both diseases. Future studies should focus on the identification of alarm signs and risk factors that may help to lower mortality due to ARI or AD, when recognized and treated at early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Reyes
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Comité Interinstitucional de Mortalidad por infección respiratoria o diarrea aguda, Estado de Tlaxcala
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guridi J, Portillo E, Azcona J, Gil JJ, Olier J, Aguilera F. [A prospective study of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Navarra]. Neurologia 1991; 6:118-24. [PMID: 2064791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors evaluate subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the autonomous community of Navarra during 3 years. Ninety-five patients were evaluated (mean age (MA) 51.47 years). They were divided in groups depending on angiographic findings. Thirty-four had an intracranial aneurysm (MA 5%.23 years) with a female preponderance (66.7% vs 33.3%). Eight patients had an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) (MA 33.7 years); in 35 patients the angiographic study was negative (MA 44 years) and in 18 angiography was not carried out (MA 66.66 years). Computed tomography was positive in 40% of patients and there was a correlation between the amount of blood in the cisterns and poor outcome of patients after 6 months. In the discussion, the authors emphasize the high incidence of SAH without angiographic findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Guridi
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Guridi J, Azcona J, Olier J, Portillo E, Aguilera F. [Cervical disc herniations operated upon using a posterior approach]. Neurologia 1988; 3:97-102. [PMID: 3273520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|