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Wöhle S, Burkhardt E, van Opzeeland I, Schall E. Exploring and verifying the acoustic presence of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) off Elephant Island, Antarctica. J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 153:3301. [PMID: 37318450 DOI: 10.1121/10.0019633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be used to monitor acoustic presence and behaviour of cetaceans, providing continuous, long-term, and seasonally unbiased data. The efficiency of PAM methods, however, depends on the ability to detect and correctly interpret acoustic signals. The upcall is the most prevalent vocalization of the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) and is commonly used as a basis for PAM studies on this species. However, previous studies report difficulties to distinguish between southern right whale upcalls and similar humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) vocalizations with certainty. Recently, vocalizations comparable to southern right whale upcalls were detected off Elephant Island, Antarctica. In this study, these vocalizations were structurally analyzed, and call characteristics were compared to (a) confirmed southern right whale vocalizations recorded off Argentina and (b) confirmed humpback whale vocalizations recorded in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Based on call features, detected upcalls off Elephant Island could be successfully attributed to southern right whales. Measurements describing slope and bandwidth were identified as the main differences in call characteristics between species. With the newly gained knowledge from this study, additional data can be analyzed providing further insight into temporal occurrence and migratory behaviour of southern right whales in Antarctic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wöhle
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Elke Burkhardt
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ilse van Opzeeland
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Elena Schall
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Cabrera AA, Schall E, Bérubé M, Anderwald P, Bachmann L, Berrow S, Best PB, Clapham PJ, Cunha H, Dalla Rosa L, Dias C, Findlay K, Haug T, Heide‐Jørgensen MP, Hoelzel A, Kovacs KM, Landry S, Larsen F, Lopes XM, Lydersen C, Mattila DK, Oosting T, Pace RM, Papetti C, Paspati A, Pastene LA, Prieto R, Ramp C, Robbins J, Sears R, Secchi ER, Silva MA, Simon M, Víkingsson G, Wiig Ø, Øien N, Palsbøll PJ. Strong and lasting impacts of past global warming on baleen whales and their prey. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:2657-2677. [PMID: 35106859 PMCID: PMC9305191 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is affecting the population dynamics and trophic interactions across a wide range of ecosystems and habitats. Translating these real-time effects into their long-term consequences remains a challenge. The rapid and extreme warming period that occurred after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (7-12 thousand years ago) provides an opportunity to gain insights into the long-term responses of natural populations to periods with global warming. The effects of this post-LGM warming period have been assessed in many terrestrial taxa, whereas insights into the impacts of rapid global warming on marine taxa remain limited, especially for megafauna. In order to understand how large-scale climate fluctuations during the post-LGM affected baleen whales and their prey, we conducted an extensive, large-scale analysis of the long-term effects of the post-LGM warming on abundance and inter-ocean connectivity in eight baleen whale and seven prey (fish and invertebrates) species across the Southern and the North Atlantic Ocean; two ocean basins that differ in key oceanographic features. The analysis was based upon 7032 mitochondrial DNA sequences as well as genome-wide DNA sequence variation in 100 individuals. The estimated temporal changes in genetic diversity during the last 30,000 years indicated that most baleen whale populations underwent post-LGM expansions in both ocean basins. The increase in baleen whale abundance during the Holocene was associated with simultaneous changes in their prey and climate. Highly correlated, synchronized and exponential increases in abundance in both baleen whales and their prey in the Southern Ocean were indicative of a dramatic increase in ocean productivity. In contrast, the demographic fluctuations observed in baleen whales and their prey in the North Atlantic Ocean were subtle, varying across taxa and time. Perhaps most important was the observation that the ocean-wide expansions and decreases in abundance that were initiated by the post-LGM global warming, continued for millennia after global temperatures stabilized, reflecting persistent, long-lasting impacts of global warming on marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Cabrera
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- GLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Elena Schall
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martine Bérubé
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Center for Coastal StudiesProvincetownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pia Anderwald
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
| | | | - Simon Berrow
- Marine and Freshwater Research CentreGalway‐Mayo Institute of TechnologyGalwayIreland
- Irish Whale and Dolphin GroupMerchants QuayKilrushCounty ClareIreland
| | - Peter B. Best
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyMammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | | | - Haydée A. Cunha
- Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators Laboratory (MAQUA)Faculty of OceanographyState University of Rio de Janeiro ‐ UERJMaracanãRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Genetics Department of the Biology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro ‐ UERJMaracanãRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Luciano Dalla Rosa
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Marine MegafaunaInstitute of OceanographyFederal University of Rio Grande‐FURGRio GrandeRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Carolina Dias
- Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators Laboratory (MAQUA)Faculty of OceanographyState University of Rio de Janeiro ‐ UERJMaracanãRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Kenneth P. Findlay
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyMammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
- Department Conservation and Marine SciencesCentre for Sustainable Oceans EconomyCape Peninsula University of TechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Tore Haug
- Research Group Marine MammalsInstitute of Marine ResearchTromsøNorway
| | | | | | | | - Scott Landry
- Center for Coastal StudiesProvincetownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Finn Larsen
- Section for Ecosystem based Marine ManagementNational Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Xênia M. Lopes
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tom Oosting
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Richard M. Pace
- Northeast Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Angeliki Paspati
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation‐“DIMITRA”HerakleionCreteGreece
| | | | - Rui Prieto
- Institute of Marine Sciences – Okeanos & Institute of Marine Research ‐ IMARUniversity of the AzoresHortaPortugal
| | - Christian Ramp
- Sea Mammal Research UnitScottish Oceans InstituteUniversity of St. AndrewsScotlandUK
- Mingan Island Cetacean StudySaint LambertQuébecCanada
| | - Jooke Robbins
- Center for Coastal StudiesProvincetownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard Sears
- Greenland Climate Research CentreGreenland Institute of Natural ResourcesNuukGreenland
| | - Eduardo R. Secchi
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Marine MegafaunaInstitute of OceanographyFederal University of Rio Grande‐FURGRio GrandeRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Mónica A. Silva
- Institute of Marine Sciences – Okeanos & Institute of Marine Research ‐ IMARUniversity of the AzoresHortaPortugal
| | - Malene Simon
- Greenland Climate Research CentreGreenland Institute of Natural ResourcesNuukGreenland
| | | | - Øystein Wiig
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Nils Øien
- Marine Mammal DivisionInstitute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
| | - Per J. Palsbøll
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Center for Coastal StudiesProvincetownMassachusettsUSA
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Schall E, Roca I, Van Opzeeland I. Acoustic metrics to assess humpback whale song unit structure from the Atlantic sector of the Southern ocean. J Acoust Soc Am 2021; 149:4649. [PMID: 34241469 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic metrics (AMs) aggregate the acoustic information of a complex signal into a unique number, assisting our interpretation of acoustic environments and providing a rapid and intuitive solution to analyze large passive acoustic datasets. Manual identification and characterization of intraspecific call trait variation has been largely used in a variety of sonic taxa. However, it is time consuming, relatively subjective, and measurements can suffer from low replicability. This study assesses the potential of using a combination of standardized and automatically computed AMs to train a supervised classification model, as an alternative to discrimination protocols and manual measurements to categorize humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song units from the Southern Ocean. Our random forest model successfully discriminated between the 12 humpback whale unit types (UT), achieving an average classification accuracy of 84%. UTs were further described and discussed in the context of the hierarchical structure of humpback whale song in the Southern Ocean. We show that accurate discriminant models based on relevant AM combinations provide an interesting automated solution to use for simple, rapid, and highly reproducible identification and comparison of vocalization types in humpback whale populations, with the potential to be applied to both aquatic and terrestrial contexts, on other vocal species, and over different acoustic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schall
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Irene Roca
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Van Opzeeland
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Burkhardt E, Van Opzeeland I, Cisewski B, Mattmüller R, Meister M, Schall E, Spiesecke S, Thomisch K, Zwicker S, Boebel O. Seasonal and diel cycles of fin whale acoustic occurrence near Elephant Island, Antarctica. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:201142. [PMID: 34084537 PMCID: PMC8150045 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relevance of the Elephant Island (EI) region for Southern Hemisphere fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in their annual life cycle. We collected 3 years of passive acoustic recordings (January 2013 to February 2016) northwest of EI to calculate time series of fin whale acoustic indices, daily acoustic occurrence, spectrograms, as well as the abundance of their 20 Hz pulses. Acoustic backscatter strength, sea ice concentration and chlorophyll-a composites provided concurrent environmental information for graphic comparisons. Acoustic interannual, seasonal and diel patterns together with visual information and literature resources were used to define the period of occupancy and to infer potential drivers for their behaviour. Spectral results suggest that these fin whales migrate annually to and from offshore central Chile. Acoustic data and visual information reveal their arrival at EI in December to feed without producing their typical 20 Hz pulse. For all 3 years, acoustic activity commences in February, peaks in May and decreases in August, in phase with the onset of their breeding season. Our results emphasize the importance of EI for fin whales throughout most of the year. Our recommendation is to consider EI for establishing a marine protected area to expedite the recovery of this vulnerable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Burkhardt
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ilse Van Opzeeland
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Carl von Ossietzky University, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Boris Cisewski
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ramona Mattmüller
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Marlene Meister
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Elena Schall
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiesecke
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Karolin Thomisch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Sarah Zwicker
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Olaf Boebel
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Schall E, Thomisch K, Boebel O, Gerlach G, Spiesecke S, Van Opzeeland I. Large-scale spatial variabilities in the humpback whale acoustic presence in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:201347. [PMID: 33489279 PMCID: PMC7813260 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Southern Hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems including both low- and high-latitude areas. Understanding the habitat selection of humpback whale populations is key for humpback whale stock management and general ecosystem management. In the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (ASSO), the investigation of baleen whale distribution by sighting surveys is temporally restricted to the austral summer. The implementation of autonomous passive acoustic monitoring, in turn, allows the study of vocal baleen whales year-round. This study describes the results of analysing passive acoustic data spanning 12 recording positions throughout the ASSO applying a combination of automatic and manual analysis methods to register humpback whale acoustic activity. Humpback whales were present at nine recording positions with higher acoustic activities towards lower latitudes and the eastern and western edges of the ASSO. During all months, except December (the month with the fewest recordings), humpback whale acoustic activity was registered in the ASSO. The acoustic presence of humpback whales at various locations in the ASSO confirms previous observations that part of the population remains in high-latitude waters beyond austral summer, presumably to feed. The spatial and temporal extent of humpback whale presence in the ASSO suggests that this area may be used by multiple humpback whale breeding populations as a feeding ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schall
- Ocean Acoustics Lab, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Karolin Thomisch
- Ocean Acoustics Lab, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Olaf Boebel
- Ocean Acoustics Lab, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gerlach
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Animal Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiesecke
- Ocean Acoustics Lab, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ilse Van Opzeeland
- Ocean Acoustics Lab, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3d, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Schall
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - Zs. Bugyi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - L. Hajas
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - K. Török
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - S. Tömösközi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
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Hajas L, Scherf KA, Bugyi Z, Török K, Schall E, Köhler P, Tömösközi S. ELISA response and gliadin composition of different wheat cultivars grown in multiple harvest years. Acta Alimentaria 2017. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2016.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Hajas
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - K. A. Scherf
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising. Germany
| | - Zs. Bugyi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - K. Török
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - E. Schall
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
| | - P. Köhler
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising. Germany
| | - S. Tömösközi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4. Hungary
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Török K, Hajas L, Horváth V, Schall E, Bugyi Z, Tömösközi S. Identification of key effects causing weak performance of allergen analysis in processed food matrices. Acta Alimentaria 2016. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2016.45.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Richardson H, Smith A, Schall E. The 1999 Helene Fuld Health Trust Fellowship. Promoting leadership development in undergraduate nursing students. Nurs Leadersh Forum 2002; 5:52-6. [PMID: 12004421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In 1999, based on the recommendation of The Conservation Company. The Helene Fuld Health Trust selected New York University's Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, in partnership with the Division of Nursing in the School of Education, to restructure its fellowship program for undergraduate nursing students. Bringing together an interdisciplinary team with experience in leadership development, nursing and health policy, and health care administration, NYU designed and delivered an innovative and state-of-the-art leadership development program for the 1999 Fuld Fellowship program. The new program started in June 1999 with 21 nursing students from all over the country. This article describes the goals and methods of the program; it also discusses early observations of the program's success that could be relevant to nursing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Richardson
- Division of Nursing, School of Education, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Brecher C, Schall E, Weitzman B. Health management education partnerships: more than technology transfer. J Health Adm Educ 1999; 16:169-79. [PMID: 10387233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the reflections of three faculty members from New York University based on more than two years of experience in a health management education (HME) partnership with institutions in the Republic of Albania. The most significant point to be shared with colleagues considering similar initiatives in other countries is that aiding other professionals in developing health management education programs involves much more than the transfer of technical information among professionals. Based on experience in Albania, we argue that the development of viable management and policy analysis programs will require assistance to counterparts in Central and Eastern Europe in: (1) building constituencies for these activities among influential leaders and sustaining this support through changes in government; (2) providing models of and motivations for using styles of pedagogy that vary significantly from those now common in this part of the world; and (3) reconciling conflicts between pressures for investments in the largely hospital-based activity of health management and the largely public-health-based needs of relatively poor countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brecher
- Program in Health Policy and Management, New York University, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, NY 10012-1118, USA
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Schall E. School-based health education: what works? Am J Prev Med 1994; 10:30-2. [PMID: 7917453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, health care reform efforts are focusing on interdisciplinary, comprehensive approaches to health care delivery. I argue that school health education is a vital part of improving the health of this nation's citizens and that effective school-based education must be comprehensive, continuous, and interdisciplinary and must offer information, motivation, and skills. The National Center for Health Education, the nation's leading private organization focusing solely on comprehensive health education, has developed Growing Healthy, a comprehensive school-based curriculum aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle choices for children in grades kindergarten through six, now in over 9,000 elementary schools in 42 states. Students participating in the Growing Healthy program showed greater benefits in their health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors than participants in three targeted, one-shot (health education) programs. Further studies have shown that school-based health education programs that start early and continue through several grades provide significant and sustained effects on overall health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schall
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York 10012-1118
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Scarlino F, Arbez-Gindre F, Clément C, Barale F, Schall E. [General anesthesia and preoperative changes in plasma beta-endorphin]. Cah Anesthesiol 1986; 34:635-9. [PMID: 2950984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The variations of plasmatic beta-endorphin and cortisol levels are studied in 3 groups of patients. These subjects are submitted to abdominal surgery following 3 different anaesthetic schemes: neuroleptanalgesia (droperidol and fentanyl), pure analgesia (fentanyl), association halothane - small dose of fentanyl. The study covers the period from premedication through recovery. The results of this work demonstrates that the average level of beta-endorphin in neuroleptanalgesia and pure analgesia series is stable; there is an increase in the halothane series just after the incision until waking up. The average level of cortisol is stable for the 3 series until incision. It is strongly increased in the neuroleptanalgesia series and in the halothane series. This increase is delayed and reduced in the fentanyl series.
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Reboud E, Serradimigni A, Sild A, Schall E. [Superior vena cava ectasis. Diagnosis of mediastinal tumors]. Ann Chir Thorac Cardiovasc 1966; 5:123-9. [PMID: 5906424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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