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Kirchgatter K, Guimarães LDO, Monteiro EF, Helfstein VC, Telles-de-Deus J, de Menezes RMT, Reginato SL, Chagas CRF, de Camargo-Neves VLF. DNA Barcoding of Morphologically Characterized Mosquitoes Belonging to the Genus Mansonia from the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Savanna. Insects 2023; 14:109. [PMID: 36835678 PMCID: PMC9964216 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The identification of mosquito species is necessary for determining the entomological components of disease transmission. However, identification can be difficult in species that are morphologically similar. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA barcode region is considered a valuable and reliable diagnostic tool for mosquito species recognition, including those that belong to species complexes. Mansonia mosquitoes are found in forests near swampy areas. They are nocturnal and are highly attracted to light. Hematophagous adult females exhibit aggressive biting behavior and can become infected with and transmit pathogens during their feeding, including some epizootic viruses and avian malaria. In Brazil, twelve Mansonia species have been reported. In a recent study from the São Paulo Zoo in Brazil, three morphologically distinct species were collected and identified, namely: Mansonia (Mansonia) indubitans, Ma. (Man.) pseudotitillans and Ma. (Man.) titillans. However, confirmation of these species by molecular identification was unsuccessful due to a lack of COI sequences in the GenBank database. Thus, this research aimed to describe the COI DNA barcode sequences of some morphologically characterized Mansonia (Man.) species from Brazil and to determine their utility in delimiting species collected from the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Savanna. Accordingly, we provide tools for the genetic identification of species that play a significant role in pathogen transmission in wildlife and potentially humans. We show that the delimitation of Mansonia species via five different approaches based on COI DNA sequences (BI, NJ, ASAP, bPTP and GMYC) yield basically the same groups identified by traditional taxonomy, and we provide the identification of specimens that were previously identified only up to the subgenus level. We also provide COI sequences from two Mansonia species that were not previously available in sequence databases, Ma. wilsoni and Ma. pseudotitillans, and thus contribute to the ongoing global effort to standardize DNA barcoding as a molecular means of species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kirchgatter
- Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Christe Helfstein
- Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas
- Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Applied Research Department, São Paulo Zoological Foundation, São Paulo 04301-905, SP, Brazil
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Monteiro EF, Fernandez-Becerra C, Curado I, Wunderlich G, Hiyane MI, Kirchgatter K. Antibody Profile Comparison against MSP1 Antigens of Multiple Plasmodium Species in Human Serum Samples from Two Different Brazilian Populations Using a Multiplex Serological Assay. Pathogens 2021; 10:1138. [PMID: 34578170 PMCID: PMC8470980 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium malariae has a wide geographic distribution, but mainly at very low parasitemias and in co-infections, leading to an underestimated prevalence of this species. Studies for the detection of antibodies against Plasmodium recombinant proteins are increasingly used to map geographical distributions, seroprevalence and transmission intensities of malaria infection. However, no seroepidemiological survey using recombinant P. malariae proteins has been conducted in Brazil. This work evaluated the antibody response in serum samples of individuals from endemic regions of Brazil (the Amazon region and Atlantic Forest) against five recombinant proteins of P. malariae merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), and the MSP1 C-terminal portions of P. vivax and P. falciparum, in a multiplex assay. The positivity was 69.5% of samples recognizing at least one MSP1 recombinant protein. The mean of the Reactivity Index for the C-terminal portion of the P. falciparum was significantly higher compared to the other recombinant proteins, followed by the C-terminal of P. vivax and the N-terminal of P. malariae. Among the recombinant P. malariae proteins, the N-terminal of P. malariae showed the highest Reactivity Index alone. This study validates the use of the multiplex assay to measure naturally acquired IgG antibodies against Plasmodium MSP1 proteins and demonstrate that these proteins are important tools for seroepidemiological surveys and could be used in malaria surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Ferreira Monteiro
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (E.F.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Izilda Curado
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (E.F.M.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Laboratórios Especializados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo 01027-000, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Wunderlich
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil;
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (E.F.M.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Laboratórios Especializados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo 01027-000, Brazil
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Minozzo GA, da Silva Mathias B, Riediger IN, de Oliveira Guimarães L, dos Anjos CC, Monteiro EF, dos Santos AP, Biondo AW, Kirchgatter K. First Molecular Detection of Polychromophilus Parasites in Brazilian Bat Species. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061240. [PMID: 34200516 PMCID: PMC8230147 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood parasites of the Haemosporida order, such as the Plasmodium spp. responsible for malaria, have become the focus of many studies in evolutionary biology. However, there is a lack of molecular investigation of haemosporidian parasites of wildlife, such as the genus Polychromophilus. Species of this neglected genus exclusively have been described in bats, mainly in Europe, Asia, and Africa, but little is known about its presence and genetic diversity on the American continent. Here, we investigated 406 bats from sites inserted in remnant fragments of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes and urbanized areas from southern Brazil for the presence of Polychromophilus species by PCR of the mitochondrial cytochrome b encoding gene. A total of 1.2% of bats was positive for Polychromophilus, providing the first molecular information of these parasites in Myotis riparius and Eptesicus diminutus, common vespertilionid bats widely distributed in different Brazilian biomes, and Myotis ruber, an endangered species. A Bayesian analysis was conducted to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between Polychromophilus recovered from Brazilian bats and those identified elsewhere. Sequences of Brazilian Polychromophilus lineages were placed with P. murinus and in a clade distinct from P. melanipherus, mainly restricted to bats in the family Vespertilionidae. However, the sequences were split into two minor clades, according to the genus of hosts, indicating that P. murinus and a distinct species may be circulating in Brazil. Morphological observations combined with additional molecular studies are needed to conclude and describe these Polychromophilus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Augusto Minozzo
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Paraná, São José dos Pinhais 83060-500, PR, Brazil; (G.A.M.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Bruno da Silva Mathias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (B.d.S.M.); (C.C.d.A.); (E.F.M.)
| | - Irina Nastassja Riediger
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Paraná, São José dos Pinhais 83060-500, PR, Brazil; (G.A.M.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Lilian de Oliveira Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo 01027-000b, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carolina Clares dos Anjos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (B.d.S.M.); (C.C.d.A.); (E.F.M.)
| | - Eliana Ferreira Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (B.d.S.M.); (C.C.d.A.); (E.F.M.)
| | | | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil;
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (B.d.S.M.); (C.C.d.A.); (E.F.M.)
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo 01027-000b, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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Guimarães LDO, Simões RF, Chagas CRF, de Menezes RMT, Silva FS, Monteiro EF, Holcman MM, Bajay MM, Pinter A, de Camargo-Neves VLF, Kirchgatter K. Assessing Diversity, Plasmodium Infection and Blood Meal Sources in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from a Brazilian Zoological Park with Avian Malaria Transmission. Insects 2021; 12:215. [PMID: 33802320 PMCID: PMC7999885 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Avian malaria parasites are widespread parasites transmitted by Culicidae insects belonging to different genera. Even though several studies have been conducted recently, there is still a lack of information about potential vectors of Plasmodium parasites, especially in Neotropical regions. Former studies with free-living and captive animals in São Paulo Zoo showed the presence of several Plasmodium and Haemoproteus species. In 2015, a pilot study was conducted at the zoo to collect mosquitoes in order to find out (i) which species of Culicidae are present in the study area, (ii) what are their blood meal sources, and (iii) to which Plasmodium species might they be potential vectors. Mosquitoes were morphologically and molecularly identified. Blood meal source and haemosporidian DNA were identified using molecular protocols. A total of 25 Culicidae species were identified, and 6 of them were positive for Plasmodium/Haemoproteus DNA. Ten mosquito species had their source of blood meal identified, which were mainly birds, including some species that were positive for haemosporidian parasites in the former study mentioned. This study allowed us to expand the list of potential vectors of avian malaria parasites and to improve our knowledge of the evolutionary and ecological relationships between the highly diverse communities of birds, parasites, and vectors present at São Paulo Zoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian de Oliveira Guimarães
- Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo SP 01027-000, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.); (R.M.T.d.M.); (F.S.S.); (M.M.H.); (A.P.); (V.L.F.d.C.-N.)
| | - Roseli França Simões
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (E.F.M.)
| | - Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas
- Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Applied Research Department, Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo SP 04301-905, Brazil
| | - Regiane Maria Tironi de Menezes
- Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo SP 01027-000, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.); (R.M.T.d.M.); (F.S.S.); (M.M.H.); (A.P.); (V.L.F.d.C.-N.)
| | - Fabiana Santos Silva
- Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo SP 01027-000, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.); (R.M.T.d.M.); (F.S.S.); (M.M.H.); (A.P.); (V.L.F.d.C.-N.)
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (E.F.M.)
| | - Eliana Ferreira Monteiro
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (E.F.M.)
| | - Marcia Moreira Holcman
- Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo SP 01027-000, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.); (R.M.T.d.M.); (F.S.S.); (M.M.H.); (A.P.); (V.L.F.d.C.-N.)
| | | | - Adriano Pinter
- Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo SP 01027-000, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.); (R.M.T.d.M.); (F.S.S.); (M.M.H.); (A.P.); (V.L.F.d.C.-N.)
| | - Vera Lucia Fonseca de Camargo-Neves
- Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo SP 01027-000, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.); (R.M.T.d.M.); (F.S.S.); (M.M.H.); (A.P.); (V.L.F.d.C.-N.)
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo SP 01027-000, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.); (R.M.T.d.M.); (F.S.S.); (M.M.H.); (A.P.); (V.L.F.d.C.-N.)
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (E.F.M.)
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Monteiro EF, Fernandez-Becerra C, Araujo MDS, Messias MR, Ozaki LS, Duarte AMRDC, Bueno MG, Catao-Dias JL, Chagas CRF, Mathias BDS, dos Santos MG, Santos SV, Holcman MM, de Souza JC, Kirchgatter K. Naturally Acquired Humoral Immunity against Malaria Parasites in Non-Human Primates from the Brazilian Amazon, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070525. [PMID: 32610598 PMCID: PMC7399928 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) have been shown to be infected by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria in humans, creating potential risks of zoonotic transmission. Plasmodium brasilianum, a parasite species similar to P. malariae of humans, have been described in NHPs from Central and South America, including Brazil. The merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), besides being a malaria vaccine candidate, is highly immunogenic. Due to such properties, we tested this protein for the diagnosis of parasite infection. We used recombinant proteins of P. malariae MSP1, as well as of P. falciparum and P. vivax, for the detection of antibodies anti-MSP1 of these parasite species, in the sera of NHPs collected in different regions of Brazil. About 40% of the NHP sera were confirmed as reactive to the proteins of one or more parasite species. A relatively higher number of reactive sera was found in animals from the Atlantic Forest than those from the Amazon region, possibly reflecting the former more intense parasite circulation among NHPs due to their proximity to humans at a higher populational density. The presence of Plasmodium positive NHPs in the surveyed areas, being therefore potential parasite reservoirs, needs to be considered in any malaria surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Ferreira Monteiro
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (E.F.M.); (A.M.R.d.C.D.); (B.d.S.M.)
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Maisa da Silva Araujo
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brazil;
| | | | - Luiz Shozo Ozaki
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro Duarte
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (E.F.M.); (A.M.R.d.C.D.); (B.d.S.M.)
- Departamento de Laboratórios Especializados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil;
| | - Marina Galvão Bueno
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Jose Luiz Catao-Dias
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas
- Departamento de Pesquisas Aplicadas, Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04301-905, Brazil;
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania
| | - Bruno da Silva Mathias
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (E.F.M.); (A.M.R.d.C.D.); (B.d.S.M.)
| | - Mayra Gomes dos Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 01311-925, Brazil; (M.G.d.S.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Stéfanie Vanessa Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 01311-925, Brazil; (M.G.d.S.); (S.V.S.)
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01525-001, Brazil
| | - Marcia Moreira Holcman
- Departamento de Laboratórios Especializados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil;
| | - Julio Cesar de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC 89012-900, Brazil;
- Projeto Bugio, Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas, Indaial, SC 89130-000, Brazil
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (E.F.M.); (A.M.R.d.C.D.); (B.d.S.M.)
- Departamento de Laboratórios Especializados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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Chagas CRF, Valkiūnas G, de Oliveira Guimarães L, Monteiro EF, Guida FJV, Simões RF, Rodrigues PT, de Albuquerque Luna EJ, Kirchgatter K. Diversity and distribution of avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites in captive birds from a Brazilian megalopolis. Malar J 2017; 16:83. [PMID: 28212654 PMCID: PMC5316177 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of zoos in conservation programmes has increased significantly in last decades, and the health of captive animals is essential to guarantee success of such programmes. However, zoo birds suffer from parasitic infections, which often are caused by malaria parasites and related haemosporidians. Studies determining the occurrence and diversity of these parasites, aiming better understanding infection influence on fitness of captive birds, are limited. METHODS In 2011-2015, the prevalence and diversity of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. was examined in blood samples of 677 captive birds from the São Paulo Zoo, the largest zoo in Latin America. Molecular and microscopic diagnostic methods were used in parallel to detect and identify these infections. RESULTS The overall prevalence of haemosporidians was 12.6%. Parasites were mostly detected by the molecular diagnosis, indicating that many birds harbour subclinical or abortive infections. In this project, birds of 17 orders (almost half of all the orders currently accepted in taxonomy of birds), 29 families, and 122 species, were tested, detecting positive individuals in 27% of bird species. Birds from the Anatidae were the most prevalently infected (64.7% of all infected animals). In all, infections with parasites of the genus Plasmodium (overall prevalence 97.6%) predominated when compared to those of the genus Haemoproteus (2.4%). In total, 14 cytochrome b (cytb) lineages of Plasmodium spp. and 2 cytb lineages of Haemoproteus spp. were recorded. Eight lineages were new. One of the reported lineages was broad generalist while others were reported in single or a few species of birds. Molecular characterization of Haemoproteus ortalidum was developed. CONCLUSION This study shows that many species of birds are at risk in captivity. It is difficult to stop haemosporidian parasite transmission in zoos, but is possible to reduce the infection rate by treating the infected animals or/and while keeping them in facilities free from mosquitoes. Protocols of quarantine should be implemented whenever an animal is transferred between bird maintaining institutions. This is the first survey of haemosporidians in captive birds from different orders maintained in zoos. It is worth emphasizing the necessity of applying practices to control these parasites in management and husbandry of animals in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilian de Oliveira Guimarães
- Malaria Research Center, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, São Paulo, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho, Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Ferreira Monteiro
- Malaria Research Center, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, São Paulo, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho, Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Roseli França Simões
- Malaria Research Center, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, São Paulo, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho, Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila Thihara Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Malaria Research Center, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, São Paulo, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho, Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
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Monteiro EF. Book Review: Practical Diagnosis of Viral Infections. Int J STD AIDS 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095646249300400514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E F Monteiro
- Consultant Physician in Genito-Urinary Medicine The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Monteiro EF. Book Review: Computers in Medical Audit (A New and Expanded Edition). Int J STD AIDS 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095646249300400513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E F Monteiro
- Consultant Physician in Genito-Urinary Medicine The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Wallace HE, Harrison LC, Monteiro EF, Jones RL. The Great Pretender: early syphilis mimicking acute sclerosing cholangitis. Frontline Gastroenterol 2015; 6:178-181. [PMID: 28839808 PMCID: PMC5369580 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2015-100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 36-year old man with known HIV infection presented to an outpatient genitourinary service with jaundice, rash and sore throat. Investigations revealed marked biochemical abnormalities, including alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase >10 times the upper limit of normal. Liver ultrasound was normal, but stricturing and beading of the intrahepatic biliary tree was seen on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), similar to changes associated with sclerosing cholangitis. Serological syphilis antibodies were detected with a positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) and rapid plasma reagin of 1:128, in keeping with early infection. Liver biopsy showed large bile duct obstruction with portal oedema, bilirubinostasis and neutrophil polymorph infiltration around proliferating ductules; specific stains for spirochaetes were negative. Symptoms and biochemical markers improved rapidly after treatment for secondary syphilis with oral steroids and intramuscular benzathine penicillin. A repeat MRCP 18 months post syphilis treatment showed resolution. This case illustrates syphilis presenting as acute sclerosing cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Wallace
- Leeds Centre for Sexual Health, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - L C Harrison
- Department of Hepatology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - E F Monteiro
- Leeds Centre for Sexual Health, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - R L Jones
- Department of Hepatology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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Chagas CRF, Valkiūnas G, Nery CVC, Henrique PC, Gonzalez IHL, Monteiro EF, Guimarães LDO, Romano CM, Kirchgatter K. Plasmodium (Novyella) nucleophilum from an Egyptian Goose in São Paulo Zoo, Brazil: microscopic confirmation and molecular characterization. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2013; 2:286-91. [PMID: 24533348 PMCID: PMC3862519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) died in São Paulo Zoo, Brazil. Plasmodium (Novyella) nucleophilum was identified, using microscopy and PCR. The first assignment of the cytb gene sequence to P. nucleophilum is reported. Phylogenetic position of P. nucleophilum was determined. This sequence will assist in barcoding of this Plasmodium species in other birds.
Plasmodium (Novyella) nucleophilum was identified using microscopy and PCR, in an Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) that died in São Paulo Zoo, Brazil. This parasite is characterized by elongated gametocytes, small meronts with scant cytoplasm, less than eight merozoites and mainly for having all the stages appressed to the nuclei of infected erythrocytes. Additionally, Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) sp. was identified by microscopy in the same blood sample. The latter parasite lacks nucleophilic blood stages and is characterized by large roundish trophozoites, each with a large prominent centrally collated vacuole. This co-infection was not confirmed by PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene and sequencing; only one Plasmodium sp. cytb sequence was detected in the blood sample. Since parasitemia of P. nucleophilum (2.4%) was much higher than that of P. (Haemamoeba) sp. (0.2%), PCR may have favored the amplification of the cytb sequence of the former. Phylogenetic analysis is in agreement with this conclusion because the reported cytb sequence was positioned in the same branch of sequences of several Novyella species. This is the first assignment of the mitochondrial cytb gene sequence to P. nucleophilum. The P. (Haemamoeba) parasite is particularly similar to Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) tejerai, because its advanced trophozoites and young erythrocytic meronts possess a large vacuole with prominent pigment granules arranged around it, the characteristic features of development in this species. For definitive identification of P. (Haemamoeba) species, mature meronts and gametocytes are required; however, these were absent from the thin blood smear. Representative images of the blood stages of P. nucleophilum and P. (Haemamoeba) sp. are provided. Together with microscopy data, the P. nucleophilum cytb sequence will assist in molecular identification (barcoding) of this Plasmodium species in other birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliana Ferreira Monteiro
- Malaria Research Center, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian de Oliveira Guimarães
- Malaria Research Center, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Laboratory of Virology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Malaria Research Center, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +55 11 3081 8039.
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11
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Abstract
We report a case of a chronic non-healing penile ulcer due to repeated topical application of crushed paracetamol tablets. To our knowledge, there are no such reports in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schoeman
- Centre for Sexual Health, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
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12
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Street E, Curtis H, Sabin CA, Monteiro EF, Johnson MA. British HIV Association (BHIVA) national cohort outcomes audit of patients commencing antiretrovirals from naïve. HIV Med 2009; 10:337-42. [PMID: 19490183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to audit the extent to which routine HIV care in the UK conforms with British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines and specifically the proportion of patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) who achieve the outcome of virological suppression below 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL within 6 months. METHODS A prospective cohort review of adults with HIV infection who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the first time between April and September 2006 was carried out using structured questionnaire forms. RESULTS A total of 1170 adults from 122 clinical sites participated in the review. Of these patients, 699 (59.7%) started ART at CD4 counts <200 cells/microL and 193 (16.5%) had not been tested for HIV drug resistance. Excluding patients with valid reasons for stopping short-term ART, 795 (73.5%) of 1081 patients had an undetectable viral load (VL) at follow-up. Detectable VL was strongly associated with pretreatment CD4 count below 50 cells/microL and pretreatment VL above 100 000 copies/mL, and was not associated with clinic location or case load. About a quarter of patients did not have a VL measurement during the first 6 weeks after starting ART. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients who initiated ART at sites participating in this UK national audit were managed within the BHIVA guidelines and achieved virological suppression below 50 copies/mL around 6 months after commencing treatment. Poor VL outcomes were associated with very low CD4 cell count and/or high VL at baseline but not with clinic case load or location. There is an urgent need to diagnose patients at an earlier stage of their HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Street
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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13
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Abstract
Baseline HIV-1 resistance testing is recommended in the 2005 BHIVA treatment guidelines. We compared the practice in our clinic with these guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of transmitted resistance in all antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients identified from our virology resistance test database. In 2006, 93% of all newly diagnosed patients had a baseline HIV-1 genotypic resistance test performed. The estimated prevalence of transmitted resistance was 8% in newly diagnosed patients and 7% overall with the majority in subtype B. These findings are in keeping with nationally reported data. It was of concern that we also identified a number of patients who had tested negative in the previous year.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Street
- Centre for Sexual Health, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
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14
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Hardwick C, White D, Morris E, Monteiro EF, Breen RA, Lipman M. Montelukast in the treatment of HIV associated immune reconstitution disease. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 82:513-4. [PMID: 17151039 PMCID: PMC2563887 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2005.017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of immune reconstitution disease (IRD) is not well understood and it can be difficult to manage. Leukotrienes exert proinflammatory effects, have an important role in the innate immune response, and are relatively deficient in HIV infection. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) currently licensed for the treatment of asthma. We report a series of three patients with severe HIV associated IRD (cases 1 and 2 associated with starting HAART and unresponsive to steroids), who obtained clinically dramatic responses to treatment with montelukast. The first case is of IRD to secondary syphilis and the second and third to tuberculosis. Cases 1 and 3 both relapsed after a temporary break from montelukast and resolved on restarting. Montelukast should be considered in HIV associated IRD as an alternative to steroids and where these are not effective. Leukotriene overactivity may be implicated in IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hardwick
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.
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15
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Monteiro EF, Lacey CJN, Merrick D. The interrelation of demographic and geospatial risk factors between four common sexually transmitted diseases. Sex Transm Infect 2005; 81:41-6. [PMID: 15681722 PMCID: PMC1763732 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2004.009431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the interrelation between demographic and geospatial risk factors for gonorrhoea, chlamydia, genital warts, and genital herpes. DESIGN We analysed age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and area of residence for Leeds residents aged 15-54 with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, genital Chlamydia trachomatis, first episode genital herpes, and first episode genital warts during 1994-5. The 1991 UK census provided denominator population information. RESULTS Regression analysis showed that young age (15-24 years), ethnicity (with a gradient of risk black >white >Asian), and residence in inner city areas of deprivation were independent risk factors for all STDs. There were highly significant correlations in the geospatial distribution of incidence rates between the four infections. However, there was variation in the degree of central urban clustering, with gonorrhoea having the most restricted, and genital warts and chlamydia the widest distribution. 31% of all disease occurred in the four inner city census wards, representing 15% of the population. CONCLUSION These results are in keeping with core group theory applying in a unified manner to the four most common UK sexually transmitted diseases in this urban area. Population based studies are needed to clarify whether ethnicity is associated with differing sexual behavioural or mixing patterns. Our data suggest that chlamydia screening in women <25 years of age could detect 70% of cases in the community, that such programmes should give particular emphasis to implementation in core group areas, and that they could function as unifying strategies for the control of most common STDs within urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Monteiro
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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16
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Abstract
We have found an overall improvement in the prescribing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Yorkshire region between 1997 and 1999 but have identified a clinic where a significant number of patients continue on suboptimal treatment. It has been shown that the substantial reduction in the HIV-associated morbidity and mortality was related to the introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs), which became part of triple ART regimens in mid 1990s. There is evidence that treatment with 2 agents will eventually fail and such prescribing needs to be addressed. Further investigation has shown that patient choice has been an important issue in this locality. Treatment options need to be negotiated between patient and physician and prescribing contrary to patients' wishes may adversely affect adherence. The British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines were updated earlier this year to reflect recent advances in management. In view of the importance of optimal prescribing, ART is kept as a standing item on the agenda at our regional audit meetings. These are held every 4 months. We will continue to audit this topic at regular intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hextall
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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17
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Piyadigamage A, Monteiro EF. An audit of baseline assessment of patients with HIV infection. Int J STD AIDS 2001; 12:750-1. [PMID: 11589816 DOI: 10.1258/0956462011924128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A multicentre retrospective medical audit was conducted on the baseline investigations of new patients with HIV infection. A total of 20 investigations were audited for men and 21 for women. Data were received on 49 newly diagnosed patients infected with HIV from 8 centres in the Yorkshire region. The audit demonstrated that half of the patients were not screened for sexually transmitted infections. However, the majority of baseline assessment considered as standard of care, had been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piyadigamage
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
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18
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Mammen-Tobin A, Monteiro EF. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following discontinuation of primary prophylaxis despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11:64-5. [PMID: 10667904 DOI: 10.1258/0956462001914805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mammen-Tobin
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, UK
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19
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Lacey CJ, Thompson HS, Monteiro EF, O'Neill T, Davies ML, Holding FP, Fallon RE, Roberts JS. Phase IIa safety and immunogenicity of a therapeutic vaccine, TA-GW, in persons with genital warts. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:612-8. [PMID: 9952367 DOI: 10.1086/314616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A fusion protein vaccine consisting of human papillomavirus 6 L2E7 with Alhydrogel was developed for the treatment of genital warts. Twenty-seven subjects with genital warts received 3 immunizations over 4 weeks in an open-label study. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and all subjects made serum IgG antibodies, predominantly IgG1, against L2E7. Nineteen of 25 tested persons made antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses to L2E7, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells when cultured with L2E7 in vitro produced both interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-5, although IL-5 predominated after the final vaccination. Five subjects completely cleared warts within 8 weeks. Subjects whose warts were not cleared by 8 weeks were offered conventional therapy. Recurrence of warts was not seen in any of the 13 persons whose warts cleared by vaccine alone or with conventional therapy. While these preliminary results of the use of this therapeutic immunogen are encouraging, proof of efficacy will require randomized double-blind trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lacey
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
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20
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Monteiro EF, Harris J, Gilliatt P. A multidistrict audit on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis in genitourinary medicine clinics in Yorkshire. Int J STD AIDS 1997; 8:792-5. [PMID: 9433957 DOI: 10.1258/0956462971919147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nine genitourinary clinics (one teaching hospital and 8 district general hospitals) within the Yorkshire Deanery audited the management of uncomplicated genital chlamydial infections in male and female patients attending between January and December 1995. Standards set included: 100% of chlamydia-positive patients to be treated within 2 weeks of diagnosis; 100% of patients to return for test of cure within one month of treatment; 100% of patients to be referred for contact tracing. Four hundred and thirty-six of a total 1356 cases were audited. Eighty-nine per cent received treatment within 2 weeks; 64% returned for a test of cure within one month; 93% were referred for contact tracing. Changes in practice and a region-wide multidisciplinary audit initiative resulted from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Monteiro
- Centre for Sexual Health, Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, UK
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21
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Dilke-Wing GM, Monteiro EF. Prolonged survival with HIV-1 related nasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J STD AIDS 1997; 8:704-6. [PMID: 9363546 DOI: 10.1258/0956462971919093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Dilke-Wing
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess patient attitudes to HSV-2 serotesting and the effect of providing detailed information regarding genital herpes, the blood test, and its implications. METHODS Consecutive genitourinary medicine clinic attenders were asked to complete an anonymous self administered questionnaire. Half received minimal additional information while the other half received a detailed information sheet. RESULTS Overall, 200 clinic attenders with a median age of 27 years (range 15-57) completed the questionnaire, 92.4% wanted to know if they, and 90.8% if their partners, had been infected with genital herpes; 65% expected testing as part of screening without further discussion. Overall, on a scale of 1-10, 2% scored 1 (equivalent to definitely not wanting a test), while 45.5% scored 10 (equivalent to definitely wanting a test). The overall median score was 9 (95% confidence interval 8-10) suggesting a strong opinion in favour of testing. The desire to test in each of five described hypothetical situations increased significantly (p < 0.001) when compared with the general desire. CONCLUSIONS Clinic attenders expressed a strong preference to be serotested for HSV-2 which was unaltered by the provision of information highlighting implications, although influenced significantly by the context in which they were asked. Should reliable tests become available the level of demand could have important implications on laboratory and counselling resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fairley
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- S Monte
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, General Infirmary at Leeds, UK
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24
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Abstract
We measured plasma levels of all the antioxidant-micronutrients in subjects with HIV infection and controls. Plasma levels of all the carotenoids, including lutein, cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene as well as vitamins A, C and E and cholesterol were assayed in 35 subjects with HIV infection and 38 controls. We found a significant depletion of all the carotenoids (P < 0.001) and vitamin C (P < 0.01) and cholesterol (P < 0.001) but not vitamins A or E in HIV-infected subjects. Further analysis of the HIV-infected subjects revealed that plasma levels of 4 of the groups of carotenoids and cholesterol were correlated with CD4 count but that beta-carotene and vitamins A, C and E were not. These results are reviewed in the light of the published literature and we conclude that these abnormalities of antioxidant-micronutrients are likely to reflect a metabolic phenomenon associated with HIV infection. However, an additional contribution to these deficiencies from malabsorption later in HIV disease cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lacey
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, General Infirmary at Leeds, UK
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25
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Jebakumar SP, De Silva PA, Monteiro EF. Sexually transmitted diseases in rape victims. Genitourin Med 1991; 67:271. [PMID: 2071137 PMCID: PMC1194691 DOI: 10.1136/sti.67.3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
A questionnaire was given to 56 sexually active girls 12-16 years old, in a juvenile assessment centre or attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. Sexual behaviour, drug use, contraceptive practice and knowledge and attitudes about AIDS were evaluated. The girls were similar in demographic characteristics from both centres and were regarded as one group. Sexual experience ranged from 1 partner ever to 70 clients/week; 19 girls had contracted a sexually transmitted disease at some time. Half had never used a contraceptive. Twenty eight had used illicit drugs, with two girls experimenting with intravenous misuse. Misconceptions about modes of transmission of HIV were common, but most girls knew some basic facts about the virus. Most girls realised they were at risk, were anxious about contracting HIV infection in the future, but had not modified their behaviour in terms of condom usage. This study indicates that high risk adolescents need to be targeted for effective health education in order to modify behaviour patterns which put them at risk of acquiring HIV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Clarke
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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27
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Bowman CA, De Silva PA, Monteiro EF. Labial adhesions after genital herpes infection. Genitourin Med 1989; 65:401. [PMID: 2613223 PMCID: PMC1194417 DOI: 10.1136/sti.65.6.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Barratt CL, Monteiro EF, Chauhan M, Cooke S, Cooke ID. Screening donors for sexually transmitted disease in donor insemination clinics in the UK. A survey. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 96:461-6. [PMID: 2751959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A survey conducted amongst the 40 donor insemination centres in the UK registered by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) showed that most of the clinics had no structured policy for control of common (non-HIV) sexually transmitted diseases within their programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Barratt
- Harris Birthright Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield
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29
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Abstract
Anogenital carriage of group B streptococci was found in 46% (57/125) of men and 38% (68/179) of women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. Colonisation with group B streptococci was more common in patients who had a history of more than one sexual partner in the preceding three months, but was not related to any previous sexually transmitted infection. Group B streptococci were isolated from either one or both partners of 28 couples, in 12 of which both partners yielded isolates that were indistinguishable by serotyping and phage typing. Colonisation with matching isolates of group B streptococci was more common in couples who had relatively stable relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Monteiro
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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30
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Monteiro EF, Spencer RC, Kinghorn GR, Barratt CL, Cooke S, Cooke ID. Sexually transmitted disease in potential semen donors. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 295:418. [PMID: 3115482 PMCID: PMC1247278 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.295.6595.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E F Monteiro
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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Hicks DA, Monteiro EF, Wilson JD, Kinghorn GR. Colposcopy and cervical biopsy of patients with inflammatory cytology. Community Med 1987; 9:305. [PMID: 3665412 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Wilson JD, Monteiro EF, Kinghorn GR. Group B streptococci and vaginal discharge. Genitourin Med 1987; 63:137-8. [PMID: 3294568 PMCID: PMC1194041 DOI: 10.1136/sti.63.2.137-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Monteiro EF, Rennie IG, Bradbury JA, Kinghorn GR, O'Donnell M. Occult chlamydial ophthalmia in men with non-gonococcal urethritis:: Authors' reply. West J Med 1987. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.294.6573.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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34
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Monteiro EF, Bradbury JA, O'Donnell M, Rennie IG, Kinghorn GR. Occult chlamydial ophthalmia in men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 294:349. [PMID: 3101870 PMCID: PMC1245356 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.294.6568.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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