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Dos Santos E, Cochemé HM. How does a fly die? Insights into ageing from the pathophysiology of Drosophila mortality. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01158-4. [PMID: 38642259 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a common animal model in ageing research. Large populations of flies are used to study the impact of genetic, nutritional and pharmacological interventions on survival. However, the processes through which flies die and their relative prevalence in Drosophila populations are still comparatively unknown. Understanding the causes of death in an animal model is essential to dissect the lifespan-extending interventions that are organism- or disease-specific from those broadly applicable to ageing. Here, we review the pathophysiological processes that can lead to fly death and discuss their relation to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliano Dos Santos
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
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van Dam E, van Leeuwen LAG, Dos Santos E, James J, Best L, Lennicke C, Vincent AJ, Marinos G, Foley A, Buricova M, Mokochinski JB, Kramer HB, Lieb W, Laudes M, Franke A, Kaleta C, Cochemé HM. Sugar-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance Are Uncoupled from Shortened Survival in Drosophila. Cell Metab 2020; 31:710-725.e7. [PMID: 32197072 PMCID: PMC7156915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-sugar diets cause thirst, obesity, and metabolic dysregulation, leading to diseases including type 2 diabetes and shortened lifespan. However, the impact of obesity and water imbalance on health and survival is complex and difficult to disentangle. Here, we show that high sugar induces dehydration in adult Drosophila, and water supplementation fully rescues their lifespan. Conversely, the metabolic defects are water-independent, showing uncoupling between sugar-induced obesity and insulin resistance with reduced survival in vivo. High-sugar diets promote accumulation of uric acid, an end-product of purine catabolism, and the formation of renal stones, a process aggravated by dehydration and physiological acidification. Importantly, regulating uric acid production impacts on lifespan in a water-dependent manner. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis in a human cohort reveals that dietary sugar intake strongly predicts circulating purine levels. Our model explains the pathophysiology of high-sugar diets independently of obesity and insulin resistance and highlights purine metabolism as a pro-longevity target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van Dam
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lucie A G van Leeuwen
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eliano Dos Santos
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joel James
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lena Best
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Lennicke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alec J Vincent
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Marinos
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Foley
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Marcela Buricova
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joao B Mokochinski
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Holger B Kramer
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Subramanian S, Ugoya SO, Zhao Z, McRobb LS, Grau GE, Combes V, Inglis DW, Gauden AJ, Lee VS, Moutrie V, Santos ED, Stoodley MA. Stable thrombus formation on irradiated microvascular endothelial cells under pulsatile flow: Pre-testing annexin V-thrombin conjugate for treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations. Thromb Res 2018; 167:104-112. [PMID: 29803980 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal is to develop a vascular targeting treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Externalized phosphatidylserine has been established as a potential biomarker on the endothelium of irradiated AVM blood vessels. We hypothesize that phosphatidylserine could be selectively targeted after AVM radiosurgery with a ligand-directed vascular targeting agent to achieve localized thrombosis and rapid occlusion of pathological AVM vessels. OBJECTIVE The study aim was to establish an in vitro parallel-plate flow chamber to test the efficacy of a pro-thrombotic conjugate targeting phosphatidylserine. METHODS Conjugate was prepared by Lys-Lys cross-linking of thrombin with the phosphatidylserine-targeting ligand, annexin V. Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were irradiated (5, 15, and 25 Gy) and after 1 or 3 days assembled in a parallel-plate flow chamber containing whole human blood and conjugate (1.25 or 2.5 μg/mL). Confocal microscopy was used to assess thrombus formation after flow via binding and aggregation of fluorescently-labelled platelets and fibrinogen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The annexin V-thrombin conjugate induced rapid thrombosis (fibrin deposition) on irradiated endothelial cells under shear stress in the parallel-plate flow device. Unconjugated, non-targeting thrombin did not induce fibrin deposition. A synergistic interaction between radiation and conjugate dose was observed. Thrombosis was greatest at the highest combined doses of radiation (25 Gy) and conjugate (2.5 μg/mL). The parallel-plate flow system provides a rapid method to pre-test pro-thrombotic vascular targeting agents. These findings validate the translation of the annexin V-thrombin conjugate to pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Subramanian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - S O Ugoya
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - L S McRobb
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - G E Grau
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - V Combes
- University of Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - D W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - A J Gauden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - V S Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - V Moutrie
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - E D Santos
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - M A Stoodley
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
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Brabo ED, Santos ED, Jesus IM, Mascarenhas AF, Faial KF. [Mercury levels in fish consumed by the Sai Cinza indigenous community, Munduruku Reservation, Jacareacanga County, State of Pará, Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 1999; 15:325-31. [PMID: 10409785 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x1999000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated fish consumption and mercury levels in fish consumed by an indigenous community in the State of Pará. Eighty fish samples were collected (barbado, surubim, traíra, tucunaré, piranha, aruanã, caratinga, aracu, mandiá, jandiá, and pacu). Mercury analysis was performed using a Mercury Analyzer HG-3500. Average mercury concentration in carnivorous species was 0.293 (g/g (SD=0.104), while in non-carnivorous species it was 0.112 (g/g (SD=0. 036). Brazilian legislation establishes a maximum permissible limit of 0.5 (g/g for fish consumption. No significant correlation was found between fish length or weight and mercury concentration. Types of fish most frequently consumed by the community were tucunaré, pacu, jaraqui, traíra, aracu, matrinchã, and caratinga. Carnivorous species, especially tucunaré and traíra, amongst the most frequently eaten, had higher mercury levels than non-carnivorous species. Frequency of consumption is crucial to assess the risk of mercury contamination in communities who lack alternative food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Brabo
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Coordenação de Ecologia Humana e Meio Ambiente, Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Av. Almirante Barroso 492, Marco, Belé m, PA 66090-000, Brasil
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