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Sanda N, Dirren E, Escribano Paredes JB, Sveikata L, Carrera E. [When to look for rare causes of cerebral small vessel disease?]. Rev Med Suisse 2023; 19:803-806. [PMID: 37133939 DOI: 10.53738/revmed.2023.19.824.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of small vessel diseases is related to vascular risk factors or sporadic amyloid angiopathy, but a minority is caused by genetic, immune, or infectious diseases. In this article, we propose a pragmatic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of rare causes of cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Sanda
- Service de neurologie, Département de neurosciences cliniques, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Service de neurologie, Département de neurosciences cliniques, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Jose Bernardo Escribano Paredes
- Service de neurologie, Département de neurosciences cliniques, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Lukas Sveikata
- Service de neurologie, Département de neurosciences cliniques, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Service de neurologie, Département de neurosciences cliniques, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
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2
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Goeldlin MB, Mueller A, Siepen BM, Mueller M, Strambo D, Michel P, Schaerer M, Cereda CW, Bianco G, Lindheimer F, Berger C, Medlin F, Backhaus R, Peters N, Renaud S, Fisch L, Niederhaeuser J, Carrera E, Dirren E, Bonvin C, Sturzenegger R, Kahles T, Nedeltchev K, Kaegi G, Vehoff J, Rodic B, Bolognese M, Schelosky L, Salmen S, Mono ML, Polymeris AA, Engelter ST, Lyrer P, Wegener S, Luft AR, Z’Graggen W, Bervini D, Volbers B, Dobrocky T, Kaesmacher J, Mordasini P, Meinel TR, Arnold M, Fandino J, Bonati LH, Fischer U, Seiffge DJ. Etiology, 3-Month Functional Outcome and Recurrent Events in Non-Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke 2022; 24:266-277. [PMID: 35677981 PMCID: PMC9194537 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2021.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Knowledge about different etiologies of non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their outcomes is scarce.Methods We assessed prevalence of pre-specified ICH etiologies and their association with outcomes in consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the prospective Swiss Stroke Registry (2014 to 2019). Results We included 2,650 patients (mean±standard deviation age 72±14 years, 46.5% female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 8 [interquartile range, 3 to 15]). Etiology was as follows: hypertension, 1,238 (46.7%); unknown, 566 (21.4%); antithrombotic therapy, 227 (8.6%); cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), 217 (8.2%); macrovascular cause, 128 (4.8%); other determined etiology, 274 patients (10.3%). At 3 months, 880 patients (33.2%) were functionally independent and 664 had died (25.1%). ICH due to hypertension had a higher odds of functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.77; <i>P</i>=0.05) and lower mortality (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.86; <i>P</i>=0.003). ICH due to antithrombotic therapy had higher mortality (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.61; <i>P</i>=0.045). Within 3 months, 4.2% of patients had cerebrovascular events. The rate of ischemic stroke was higher than that of recurrent ICH in all etiologies but CAA and unknown etiology. CAA had high odds of recurrent ICH (aOR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.48 to 7.69; <i>P</i>=0.004) while the odds was lower in ICH due to hypertension (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93; <i>P</i>=0.031).Conclusions Although hypertension is the leading etiology of ICH, other etiologies are frequent. One-third of ICH patients are functionally independent at 3 months. Except for patients with presumed CAA, the risk of ischemic stroke within 3 months of ICH was higher than the risk of recurrent hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina B. Goeldlin
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Achim Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard M. Siepen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madlaine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Davide Strambo
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schaerer
- Department of Neurology, Buergerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W. Cereda
- Stroke Center EOC, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Stroke Center EOC, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Florian Lindheimer
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland
| | - Christian Berger
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Medlin
- Stroke Unit and Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, HFR Fribourg–Cantonal Hospital, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Roland Backhaus
- Stroke Center Hirslanden, Klinik Hirslanden Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Peters
- Stroke Center Hirslanden, Klinik Hirslanden Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Renaud
- Division of Neurology, Pourtalès Hospital, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rolf Sturzenegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Timo Kahles
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | - Georg Kaegi
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Vehoff
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Biljana Rodic
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur (KSW), Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Bolognese
- Neurology Department, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital (LUKS), Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Schelosky
- Division of Neurology, Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Munsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Salmen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Biel, Biel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandros A. Polymeris
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan T. Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas R. Luft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Werner Z’Graggen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Bervini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Volbers
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Mordasini
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Meinel
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Javier Fandino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Leo H. Bonati
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Co-correspondence: Urs Fischer Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland Tel: +41-61-265-41-51 Fax: +41-61-265-41-00 E-mail:
| | - David J. Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: David J. Seiffge Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland Tel: +41-31-664-05-09 E-mail:
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van Assche M, Klug J, Dirren E, Richiardi J, Carrera E. Preparing for a Second Attack: A Lesion Simulation Study on Network Resilience After Stroke. Stroke 2022; 53:2038-2047. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Does the brain become more resilient after a first stroke to reduce the consequences of a new lesion? Although recurrent strokes are a major clinical issue, whether and how the brain prepares for a second attack is unknown. This is due to the difficulties to obtain an appropriate dataset of stroke patients with comparable lesions, imaged at the same interval after onset. Furthermore, timing of the recurrent event remains unpredictable.
Methods:
Here, we used a novel clinical lesion simulation approach to test the hypothesis that resilience in brain networks increases during stroke recovery. Sixteen highly selected patients with a lesion restricted to the primary motor cortex were recruited. At 3 time points of the index event (10 days, 3 weeks, 3 months), we mimicked recurrent infarcts by deletion of nodes in brain networks (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging). Graph measures were applied to determine resilience (global efficiency after attack) and wiring cost (mean degree) of the network.
Results:
At 10 days and 3 weeks after stroke, resilience was similar in patients and controls. However, at 3 months, although motor function had fully recovered, resilience to clinically representative simulated lesions was higher compared to controls (cortical lesion
P
=0.012; subcortical:
P
=0.009; cortico-subcortical:
P
=0.009). Similar results were found after random (
P
=0.012) and targeted (
P
=0.015) attacks.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that, in this highly selected cohort of patients with lesions restricted to the primary motor cortex, brain networks reconfigure to increase resilience to future insults. Lesion simulation is an innovative approach, which may have major implications for stroke therapy. Individualized neuromodulation strategies could be developed to foster resilient network reconfigurations after a first stroke to limit the consequences of future attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsouko van Assche
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland (M.v.A., J.K., E.D., E.C.)
| | - Julian Klug
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland (M.v.A., J.K., E.D., E.C.)
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland (M.v.A., J.K., E.D., E.C.)
| | - Jonas Richiardi
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland (J.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland (M.v.A., J.K., E.D., E.C.)
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Escribano Paredes JB, Salerno A, Klug J, Dirren E, Sanda N, Bonvin C, Dunet V, Vargas M, Saliou G, Machi P, Michel P, Carrera E. Intravenous rtPA Before Thrombectomy Versus Thrombectomy Alone in Strokes With Unknown Time of Onset. Stroke 2022; 53:e136-e138. [PMID: 35135322 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Salerno
- Department of Neurology (A.S, P.M.), University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julian Klug
- Department of Neurology (J.B.E.P., J.K., E.D., N.S., E.C.), University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Department of Neurology (J.B.E.P., J.K., E.D., N.S., E.C.), University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolae Sanda
- Department of Neurology (J.B.E.P., J.K., E.D., N.S., E.C.), University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Vincent Dunet
- Department of Radiology (V.D., G.S.), University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vargas
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.V, P.M.), University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Saliou
- Department of Radiology (V.D., G.S.), University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Machi
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.V, P.M.), University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology (A.S, P.M.), University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Department of Neurology (J.B.E.P., J.K., E.D., N.S., E.C.), University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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De Marchis GM, Wright PR, Michel P, Strambo D, Carrera E, Dirren E, Luft AR, Wegener S, Cereda CW, Kägi G, Vehoff J, Gensicke H, Lyrer P, Nedeltchev K, Khales T, Bolognese M, Salmen S, Sturzenegger R, Bonvin C, Berger C, Schelosky L, Mono ML, Rodic B, von Reding A, Schwegler G, Tarnutzer AA, Medlin F, Humm AM, Peters N, Beyeler M, Kriemler L, Bervini D, Fandino J, Hemkens LG, Mordasini P, Arnold M, Fischer U, Bonati LH. Association of the COVID-19 Outbreak with Acute Stroke Care in Switzerland. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:724-731. [PMID: 34894018 PMCID: PMC9305499 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose In Switzerland, the COVID‐19 incidence during the first pandemic wave was high. Our aim was to assess the association of the outbreak with acute stroke care in Switzerland in spring 2020. Methods This was a retrospective analysis based on the Swiss Stroke Registry, which includes consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular events admitted to Swiss Stroke Units and Stroke Centers. A linear model was fitted to the weekly admission from 2018 and 2019 and was used to quantify deviations from the expected weekly admissions from 13 March to 26 April 2020 (the “lockdown period”). Characteristics and 3‐month outcome of patients admitted during the lockdown period were compared with patients admitted during the same calendar period of 2018 and 2019. Results In all, 28,310 patients admitted between 1 January 2018 and 26 April 2020 were included. Of these, 4491 (15.9%) were admitted in the periods March 13–April 26 of the years 2018–2020. During the lockdown in 2020, the weekly admissions dropped by up to 22% compared to rates expected from 2018 and 2019. During three consecutive weeks, weekly admissions fell below the 5% quantile (likelihood 0.38%). The proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage amongst all registered admissions increased from 7.1% to 9.3% (p = 0.006), and numerically less severe strokes were observed (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from 3 to 2, p = 0.07). Conclusions Admissions and clinical severity of acute cerebrovascular events decreased substantially during the lockdown in Switzerland. Delivery and quality of acute stroke care were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Wright
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Department of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)
| | - Davide Strambo
- Department of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas R Luft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St, Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Berne - Inselspital, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Vehoff
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St, Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Timo Khales
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biljana Rodic
- Stroke Unit, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea M Humm
- Stroke Unit, HFR Fribourg - Hôpital Cantonal, Switzerland
| | - Nils Peters
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morin Beyeler
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Berne - Inselspital, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Kriemler
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Bervini
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Berne, Switzerland
| | - Javier Fandino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirslanden Clinic Aarau & Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars G Hemkens
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Meta-Research Innovation Center Berlin (METRIC-B), Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Berne - Inselspital, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Berne - Inselspital, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bonati
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Dirren E, Bourgeois A, Klug J, Kleinschmidt A, van Assche M, Carrera E. The neural correlates of intermanual transfer. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118657. [PMID: 34687859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermanual transfer of motor learning is a form of learning generalization that leads to behavioral advantages in various tasks of daily life. It might also be useful for rehabilitation of patients with unilateral motor deficits. Little is known about neural structures and cognitive processes that mediate intermanual transfer. Previous studies have suggested a role for primary motor cortex (M1) and the supplementary motor area (SMA). Here, we investigated the functional neuroanatomy of intermanual transfer with a special emphasis on functional connectivity within the motor network and between motor regions and attentional networks, including the fronto-parietal executive control network and visual attention networks. We designed a finger tapping task, in which young, heathy subjects trained the non-dominant left hand in the MRI scanner. Behaviorally, transfer of sequence learning was observed in most cases, independently of the trained hand's performance. Pre- and post-training functional connectivity patterns of cortical motor seeds were investigated using generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses. Transfer was correlated with the strength of connectivity between the left premotor cortex and structures within the dorsal attention network (superior parietal cortex, left middle temporal gyrus) and executive control network (right prefrontal regions) during pre-training, relative to post-training. Changes in connectivity within the motor network, and more particularly between trained and untrained M1, as well as between the SMA and untrained M1, correlated with transfer after training. Together, these results suggest that the interplay between attentional, executive and motor networks may support processes leading to transfer, whereas, following training, transfer translates into increased connectivity within the motor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dirren
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
| | - Alexia Bourgeois
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Julian Klug
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kleinschmidt
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Mitsouko van Assche
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
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7
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Abstract
After stroke restricted to the primary motor cortex (M1), it is uncertain whether network reorganization associated with recovery involves the periinfarct or more remote regions. We studied 16 patients with focal M1 stroke and hand paresis. Motor function and resting-state MRI functional connectivity (FC) were assessed at three time points: acute (<10 days), early subacute (3 weeks), and late subacute (3 months). FC correlates of recovery were investigated at three spatial scales, (i) ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, (ii) core motor network (M1, premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory cortex), and (iii) extended motor network including all regions structurally connected to the upper limb representation of M1. Hand dexterity was impaired only in the acute phase (P = 0.036). At a small spatial scale, clinical recovery was more frequently associated with connections involving ipsilesional non-infarcted M1 (Odds Ratio = 6.29; P = 0.036). At a larger scale, recovery correlated with increased FC strength in the core network compared to the extended motor network (rho = 0.71;P = 0.006). These results suggest that FC changes associated with motor improvement involve the perilesional M1 and do not extend beyond the core motor network. Core motor regions, and more specifically ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, could hence become primary targets for restorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsouko van Assche
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Bourgeois
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kleinschmidt
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Richiardi
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Escribano Paredes JB, Klug J, Dirren E, Sanda N, Vargas M, Machi P, Carrera E. Abstract P345: Perfusion-Guided Bridging Therapy in Strokes With Unknown Time of Onset and Large Vessel Occlusion. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Endovascular treatment (EVT) is the therapy of choice, in patients with unknown stroke onset (unwitnessed and wake-up strokes) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) with a favorable perfusion pattern. Whether bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and EVT) is superior to EVT alone remains unknown.
Material and Methods:
We retrospectively included all patients admitted to the Geneva University Hospital from 01.2016 to 06.2020 with i) stroke of unknown onset, due to ii) anterior circulation occlusion, with iii) favorable CT perfusion pattern based on the DEFUSE criteria (ischemic core volume< 70ml; mismatch ratio >= 1.8 and mismatch volume >= 15ml), and iv) treated < 4.5 hours after symptom recognition. As a standard of care, the patients fulfilling these inclusion criteria were treated with EVT and IVT or EVT alone when IVT was contraindicated. Outcome measures were any intracerebral bleeding (symptomatic or asymptomatic), mortality and favorable outcome (mRS 0-1) at three months.
Results:
32 patients were included (17 treated with EVT alone and 15 with EVT and IVT). Mean age was 69±18 yo. Median NIHSS was 16 (IQR 12-20) and median time from symptom recognition to treatment was 184 (146-226) minutes. Median hypoperfused tissue volume (Tmax > 6s) was 119 ml (80-151) and infarcted core (CBF ratio <30%) 8 ml (0-27). After propensity score weighting, bridging therapy was not associated with an increased risk of intracerebral bleeding (p=0.72) or mortality (p=0.55). The proportion of favorable outcomes at three months was similar between treatment groups (p=0.78).
Conclusion:
These results suggest that IVT before EVT is a safe therapeutic option in patients with unknown stroke onset selected on perfusion imaging and treated <4.5 hours after symptom recognition. Early administration of IVT may be particularly relevant before interhospital transfer to a comprehensive stroke center for EVT.
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9
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Klug J, Leclerc G, Dirren E, Maria Gulia P, Van De Ville D, Carrera E. Abstract P357: Deep Learning Building on Prior Ischemic Core Segmentation Improves Prediction of Infarction After Stroke. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Imaging studies are used to guide patient selection for acute stroke treatment. Perfusion CT (pCT) is widely used to identify the acute ischemic core and penumbra, but the prediction of the final infarct remains challenging. With the advent of machine learning, algorithms learning the prediction of the final lesion from imaging data collected in the acute phase have been proposed. We aimed to investigate whether machine learning methods that integrate prior ischemic core segmentation improve the prediction of the final infarct after stroke.
Methodology:
We retrospectively included all stroke patients admitted to the Geneva University Hospital for intravenous and/or endovascular treatment from 01.2016 to 12.2017. All patients had acute pCT and follow-up MRI. An Attention-Gated 3D Unet was used as the baseline model on which the effect of access to a threshold-based ischemic core segmentation was tested. To ensure the efficient integration of information contained in voxels from the ischemic core, we extended the baseline model with a bayesian skip connection allowing only the prior to bypass most of the network. This modifies the model’s task to predict divergence from the prior representation. All models were evaluated for the prediction of the final infarct on follow-up MRI, given acute pCT maps as input. The output of each model was compared to finals lesions manually delineated by expert neurologists. Dice score was used to assess performance.
Results:
A total of 144 patients were included. Median hypoperfused tissue volume (Tmax > 6s) was 60 ml [17-134], median ischemic core (relative CBF < 38%) volume was 23 ml [17-33] and median final infarct volume was 13 ml [3-38]. Dice score for the threshold based ischemic core segmentation was 0.1. The baseline model with and without prior segmentation as input achieved a Dice score of 0.19. Adding the proposed bayesian skip connection lead to a more efficient integration of the prior segmentation ensuring faster convergence and better performance with a final Dice score of 0.21.
Conclusion:
The evaluated deep learning model can effectively leverage the information contained in a prior segmentation of the ischemic core to enhance the learning process and improve the prediction of the final infarct after stroke.
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10
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van Assche M, Dirren E, Bourgeois A, Kleinschmidt A, Richiardi J, Carrera E. Abstract 25: Periinfarct Rewiring Supports Recovery After Primary Motor Cortex Stroke. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
After stroke restricted to the primary motor cortex (M1), it is uncertain whether network reorganization associated with motor recovery involves the periinfarct or more remote brain regions. In humans, the challenge is to recruit patients with similar lesions in size and location.
Methods:
We studied 16 patients with focal M1 stroke and hand paresis. Motor function and resting-state MRI functional connectivity (FC) were studied at three time points: acute (<10 days), early subacute (3 weeks), and late subacute (3 months). FC correlates of motor recovery were investigated at three spatial scales, i) ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, ii) core motor network (including M1, premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory cortex), and iii) extended motor network including all regions structurally connected to the upper limb representation of M1.
Results:
Hand dexterity was impaired only in the acute phase (
P
=0.036). At a small spatial scale, improved dexterity was associated with increased FC involving mainly the ipsilesional non-infarcted M1 and contralesional motor regions (cM1: rho=0.732;
P
=0.004; cPMC: rho=0.837,
P
<0.001; cSMA: rho=0.736;
P
=0.004). At a larger scale, motor recovery correlated with the relative increase in total FC strength in the core motor network compared to the extended motor network (rho=0.71;
P
=0.006).
Conclusions:
FC changes associated with motor improvement involve the perilesional M1 and do not extend beyond the core motor network. The ipsilesional non-infarcted M1 and core motor regions could hence be primary targets for future restorative therapies.
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11
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Klug J, Dirren E, Preti MG, Machi P, Kleinschmidt A, Vargas MI, Van De Ville D, Carrera E. Integrating regional perfusion CT information to improve prediction of infarction after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:502-510. [PMID: 32501132 PMCID: PMC7922756 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20924549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physiological evidence suggests that neighboring brain regions have similar perfusion characteristics (vascular supply, collateral blood flow). It is largely unknown whether integrating perfusion CT (pCT) information from the area surrounding a given voxel (i.e. the receptive field (RF)) improves the prediction of infarction of this voxel. Based on general linear regression models (GLMs) and using acute pCT-derived maps, we compared the added value of cuboid RF to predict the final infarct. To this aim, we included 144 stroke patients with acute pCT and follow-up MRI, used to delineate the final infarct. Overall, the performance of GLMs to predict the final infarct improved when using RF for all pCT maps (cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time and time-to-maximum of the tissue residual function (Tmax)). The highest performance was obtained with Tmax (glm(Tmax); AUC = 0.89 ± 0.03 with RF vs. 0.78 ± 0.02 without RF; p < 0.001) and with a model combining all perfusion parameters (glm(multi); AUC 0.89 ± 0.02 with RF vs. 0.79 ± 0.02 without RF; p < 0.001). These results suggest that prediction of infarction improves by integrating perfusion information from adjacent tissue. This approach may be applied in future studies to better identify ischemic core and penumbra thresholds and improve patient selection for acute stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klug
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medical Imaging Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria G Preti
- Medical Imaging Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Machi
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kleinschmidt
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria I Vargas
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Imaging Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Meinel TR, Branca M, De Marchis GM, Nedeltchev K, Kahles T, Bonati L, Arnold M, Heldner MR, Jung S, Carrera E, Dirren E, Michel P, Strambo D, Cereda CW, Bianco G, Kägi G, Vehoff J, Katan M, Bolognese M, Backhaus R, Salmen S, Albert S, Medlin F, Berger C, Schelosky L, Renaud S, Niederhauser J, Bonvin C, Schaerer M, Mono ML, Rodic B, Tarnutzer AA, Mordasini P, Gralla J, Kaesmacher J, Engelter S, Fischer U, Seiffge DJ. Prior Anticoagulation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:42-53. [PMID: 32996627 PMCID: PMC7756294 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate, in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute ischemic stroke, the association of prior anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with stroke severity, utilization of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), safety of IVT, and 3-month outcomes. METHODS This was a cohort study of consecutive patients (2014-2019) on anticoagulation versus those without (controls) with regard to stroke severity, rates of IVT/mechanical thrombectomy, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) at 3 months. RESULTS Of 8,179 patients (mean [SD] age, 79.8 [9.6] years; 49% women), 1,486 (18%) were on VKA treatment, 1,634 (20%) on DOAC treatment at stroke onset, and 5,059 controls. Stroke severity was lower in patients on DOACs (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 4, [interquartile range 2-11]) compared with VKA (6, [2-14]) and controls (7, [3-15], p < 0.001; quantile regression: β -2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.6 to -1.7). The IVT rate in potentially eligible patients was significantly lower in patients on VKA (156 of 247 [63%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.67; 95% CI 0.50-0.90) and particularly in patients on DOACs (69 of 464 [15%]; aOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.05-0.08) compared with controls (1,544 of 2,504 [74%]). sICH after IVT occurred in 3.6% (2.6-4.7%) of controls, 9 of 195 (4.6%; 1.9-9.2%; aOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.46-1.90) patients on VKA and 2 of 65 (3.1%; 0.4-10.8%, aOR 0.56; 95% CI 0.28-1.12) of those on DOACs. After adjustments for prognostic confounders, DOAC pretreatment was associated with a favorable 3-month outcome (aOR 1.24; 1.01-1.51). INTERPRETATION Prior DOAC therapy in patients with AF was associated with decreased admission stroke severity at onset and a remarkably low rate of IVT. Overall, patients on DOAC might have better functional outcome at 3 months. Further research is needed to overcome potential restrictions for IVT in patients taking DOACs. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:42-53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Meinel
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Branca
- Clinicial Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Timo Kahles
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Leo Bonati
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Strambo
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Vehoff
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mira Katan
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ludwig Schelosky
- Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Renaud
- Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Neuchatel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Biljana Rodic
- Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | - Pasquale Mordasini
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatic Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Carminho-Rodrigues MT, Steel D, Sousa SB, Brandt G, Guipponi M, Laurent S, Fokstuen S, Moren A, Zacharia A, Dirren E, Oliveira R, Kurian MA, Burkhard PR, Bally JF. Complex movement disorder in a patient with heterozygous YY1 mutation (Gabriele-de Vries syndrome). Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2129-2132. [PMID: 32627382 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
YY1 mutations cause Gabriele-de Vries syndrome, a recently described condition involving cognitive impairment, facial dysmorphism and intrauterine growth restriction. Movement disorders were reported in 5/10 cases of the original series, but no detailed description was provided. Here we present a 21-year-old woman with a mild intellectual deficit, facial dysmorphism and a complex movement disorder including an action tremor, cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, and partial ocular apraxia as the presenting and most striking feature. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous de novo mutation in YY1 [NM: 003403.4 (YY1): c.907 T > C; p.(Cys303Arg)], classified as pathogenic according to the ACMG guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dora Steel
- Departement of Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sergio B Sousa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gregor Brandt
- Neurologische Klinik, Klinik und Poliklinik des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michel Guipponi
- Department of Genetics, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Laurent
- Department of Genetics, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Siv Fokstuen
- Department of Genetics, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurea Moren
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - André Zacharia
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renata Oliveira
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Medical Genetics Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Departement of Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Pierre R Burkhard
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien F Bally
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, University of Geneva & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Lei H, Dirren E, Poitry-Yamate C, Schneider BL, Gruetter R, Aebischer P. Evolution of the neurochemical profiles in the G93A-SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1283-1298. [PMID: 29400109 PMCID: PMC6668519 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18756499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) investigations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse brain may provide neurochemical profiles and alterations in association with ALS disease progression. We aimed to longitudinally follow neurochemical evolutions of striatum, brainstem and motor cortex of mice transgenic for G93A mutant human superoxide dismutase type-1 (G93A-SOD1), an ALS model. Region-specific neurochemical alterations were detected in asymptomatic G93A-SOD1 mice, particularly in lactate (-19%) and glutamate (+8%) of brainstem, along with γ-amino-butyric acid (-30%), N-acetyl-aspartate (-5%) and ascorbate (+51%) of motor cortex. With disease progression towards the end-stage, increased numbers of metabolic changes of G93A-SOD1 mice were observed (e.g. glutamine levels increased in the brainstem (>+66%) and motor cortex (>+54%)). Through ALS disease progression, an overall increase of glutamine/glutamate in G93A-SOD1 mice was observed in the striatum (p < 0.01) and even more so in two motor neuron enriched regions, the brainstem and motor cortex (p < 0.0001). These 1H-MRS data underscore a pattern of neurochemical alterations that are specific to brain regions and to disease stages of the G93A-SOD1 mouse model. These neurochemical changes may contribute to early diagnosis and disease monitoring in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Lei
- 1 Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,2 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Dirren
- 3 Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Poitry-Yamate
- 4 Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,5 Positron Emission Tomography Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- 3 Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- 1 Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,2 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,4 Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,6 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Aebischer
- 3 Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Dirren E, Aebischer J, Rochat C, Towne C, Schneider BL, Aebischer P. SOD1 silencing in motoneurons or glia rescues neuromuscular function in ALS mice. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:167-84. [PMID: 25750921 PMCID: PMC4338957 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an incurable disorder mainly characterized by motoneuron degeneration. Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene account for 20% of familial forms of the disease. Mutant SOD1 exerts multiple pathogenic effects through the gain of toxic properties in both neurons and glial cells. Here, we compare AAV-based gene therapy suppressing expression of mutant SOD1 in either motoneurons or astrocytes. Methods AAV vectors encoding microRNA against human SOD1 were administered to G93ASOD1 mice either by intracerebroventricular injections in pups or by lumbar intrathecal injections in adults. Vector systems were designed to suppress SOD1 expression predominantly in either spinal motoneurons or astrocytes. Electrophysiological and behavioral tests were performed on treated animals to evaluate disease progression. Results Following vector injection in G93ASOD1 pups, efficient silencing of SOD1 expression was achieved in motoneurons and/or astrocytes. Most complete protection of motor units was obtained when targeting human SOD1 predominantly in motoneurons. Suppressing SOD1 mainly in astrocytes led to preserved muscle innervation despite only partial protection of spinal motoneurons. In both cases, injection in pups led to full recovery of neuromuscular function and significantly prolonged survival. Vector injections in adult mice also achieved significant protection of neuromuscular function, which was highest when motoneurons were targeted. Interpretation These results suggest that AAV-mediated SOD1 silencing is an effective approach to prevent motoneuron degeneration caused by SOD1 mutation. AAV vectors suppressing SOD1 in motoneurons delay disease onset and show effective neuroprotection. On the other hand, AAV-based SOD1 silencing in astrocytes rescues neuromuscular function following initial denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dirren
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julianne Aebischer
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cylia Rochat
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Towne
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Aebischer
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Beetz C, Koch N, Khundadze M, Zimmer G, Nietzsche S, Hertel N, Huebner AK, Mumtaz R, Schweizer M, Dirren E, Karle KN, Irintchev A, Alvarez V, Redies C, Westermann M, Kurth I, Deufel T, Kessels MM, Qualmann B, Hübner CA. A spastic paraplegia mouse model reveals REEP1-dependent ER shaping. J Clin Invest 2014. [DOI: 10.1172/jci76634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Dirren E, Towne CL, Setola V, Redmond DE, Schneider BL, Aebischer P. Intracerebroventricular injection of adeno-associated virus 6 and 9 vectors for cell type-specific transgene expression in the spinal cord. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:109-20. [PMID: 24191919 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of motoneuron diseases, gene delivery as an experimental or therapeutic approach is hindered by the challenge to specifically target cell populations that are widely distributed along the spinal cord. Further complicating the task, transgenes often need to be delivered to motoneurons and/or glial cells to address the non-cell-autonomous mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) in newborn mice allows distributing viral vectors throughout the central nervous system while limiting undesired transduction of peripheral organs. Here, we show that by combining the appropriate set of AAV serotype and promoter, specific transgene expression can be achieved in either motoneurons or astrocytes along the whole mouse spinal cord. ICV injection of recombinant AAV6 with the cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter preferentially targets motoneurons, whereas AAV9 particles combined with the astrocyte-specific gfaABC₁D promoter lead to significant transgene expression selectively targeted to astrocytes. Importantly, ICV coinjection of both AAV6-cmv and AAV9-gfaABC₁D results in segregated expression of two different transgenes in motoneurons and astrocytes, respectively. Relevance of viral vector delivery via the cerebrospinal fluid was further investigated in young nonhuman primates. Intracisternal injection of recombinant AAV6-cmv led to robust cervical transduction of motoneurons, highlighting the potential of this approach for gene therapy and modeling of motoneuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dirren
- 1 Brain Mind Institute , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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18
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Beetz C, Koch N, Khundadze M, Zimmer G, Nietzsche S, Hertel N, Huebner AK, Mumtaz R, Schweizer M, Dirren E, Karle KN, Irintchev A, Alvarez V, Redies C, Westermann M, Kurth I, Deufel T, Kessels MM, Qualmann B, Hübner CA. A spastic paraplegia mouse model reveals REEP1-dependent ER shaping. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4273-82. [PMID: 24051375 DOI: 10.1172/jci65665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonopathies are a group of clinically diverse disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the axons of specific neurons. In hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), the axons of cortical motor neurons degenerate and cause a spastic movement disorder. HSP is linked to mutations in several loci known collectively as the spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs). We identified a heterozygous receptor accessory protein 1 (REEP1) exon 2 deletion in a patient suffering from the autosomal dominantly inherited HSP variant SPG31. We generated the corresponding mouse model to study the underlying cellular pathology. Mice with heterozygous deletion of exon 2 in Reep1 displayed a gait disorder closely resembling SPG31 in humans. Homozygous exon 2 deletion resulted in the complete loss of REEP1 and a more severe phenotype with earlier onset. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that REEP1 is a neuron-specific, membrane-binding, and membrane curvature-inducing protein that resides in the ER. We further show that Reep1 expression was prominent in cortical motor neurons. In REEP1-deficient mice, these neurons showed reduced complexity of the peripheral ER upon ultrastructural analysis. Our study connects proper neuronal ER architecture to long-term axon survival.
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Kunze A, Lengacher S, Dirren E, Aebischer P, Magistretti PJ, Renaud P. Astrocyte-neuron co-culture on microchips based on the model of SOD mutation to mimic ALS. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:964-75. [PMID: 23695230 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. ALS is believed to be a non-cell autonomous condition, as other cell types, including astrocytes, have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. Hence, to facilitate the development of therapeutics against ALS, it is crucial to better understand the interactions between astrocytes and neural cells. Furthermore, cell culture assays are needed that mimic the complexity of cell to cell communication at the same time as they provide control over the different microenvironmental parameters. Here, we aim to validate a previously developed microfluidic system for an astrocyte-neuron cell culture platform, in which astrocytes have been genetically modified to overexpress either a human wild-type (WT) or a mutated form of the super oxide dismutase enzyme 1 (SOD1). Cortical neural cells were co-cultured with infected astrocytes and studied for up to two weeks. Using our microfluidic device that prevents direct cell to cell contact, we could evaluate neural cell response in the vicinity of astrocytes. We showed that neuronal cell density was reduced by about 45% when neurons were co-cultured with SOD-mutant astrocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated that SOD-WT overexpressing astrocytes reduced oxidative stress on cortical neurons that were in close metabolic contact. In contrast, cortical neurons in metabolic contact with SOD-mutant astrocytes lost their synapsin protein expression after severe glutamate treatment, an indication of the toxicity potentiating effect of the SOD-mutant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kunze
- Di Carlo Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California, USA.
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Carroll I, Heritier Barras AC, Dirren E, Burkhard PR, Horvath J. Delayed leukoencephalopathy after alprazolam and methadone overdose: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114:816-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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