1
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Payne AB, Ciesla AA, Rowley EAK, Weber ZA, Reese SE, Ong TC, Vazquez-Benitez G, Naleway AL, Klein NP, Embi PJ, Grannis SJ, Kharbanda AB, Gaglani M, Tenforde MW, Link-Gelles R. Impact of accounting for correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in a COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluation using a test-negative design. Vaccine 2023; 41:7581-7586. [PMID: 38000964 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Test-negative-design COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies use symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals as cases and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-negative individuals as controls to evaluate COVID-19 VE. To evaluate the potential bias introduced by the correlation of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination behaviors, we assessed changes in estimates of VE of bivalent vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounters when considering influenza vaccination status or including or excluding influenza-positive controls using data from the multi-state VISION vaccine effectiveness network. Analyses included encounters during October 2022 - February 2023, a period of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza cocirculation. When considering influenza vaccination status or including or excluding influenza-positive controls, COVID-19 VE estimates were robust, with most VE estimates against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and ED/UC encounters changing less than 5 percentage points. Higher proportions of influenza-positive patients among controls, influenza vaccination coverage, or VE could impact these findings; the potential bias should continue to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Payne
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Allison Avrich Ciesla
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Eagle Health Analytics, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Toan C Ong
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Allison L Naleway
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Embi
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaun J Grannis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Center for Research in Vaccines and Infections, Baylor Scott & White Health and Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Mark W Tenforde
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth Link-Gelles
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
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2
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Adams K, Riddles JJ, Rowley EAK, Grannis SJ, Gaglani M, Fireman B, Hartmann E, Naleway AL, Stenehjem E, Hughes A, Dalton AF, Natarajan K, Dascomb K, Raiyani C, Irving SA, Sloan-Aagard C, Kharbanda AB, DeSilva MB, Dixon BE, Ong TC, Keller J, Dickerson M, Grisel N, Murthy K, Nanez J, Fadel WF, Ball SW, Patel P, Arndorfer J, Mamawala M, Valvi NR, Dunne MM, Griggs EP, Embi PJ, Thompson MG, Link-Gelles R, Tenforde MW. Number needed to vaccinate with a COVID-19 booster to prevent a COVID-19-associated hospitalization during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant predominance, December 2021-February 2022, VISION Network: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 23:100530. [PMID: 37333688 PMCID: PMC10266334 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the usefulness of additional COVID-19 vaccine doses-particularly given varying disease incidence-is needed to support public health policy. We characterize the benefits of COVID-19 booster doses using number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-associated hospitalization or emergency department encounter. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of immunocompetent adults at five health systems in four U.S. states during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 predominance (December 2021-February 2022). Included patients completed a primary mRNA COVID-19 vaccine series and were either eligible to or received a booster dose. NNV were estimated using hazard ratios for each outcome (hospitalization and emergency department encounters), with results stratified by three 25-day periods and site. Findings 1,285,032 patients contributed 938 hospitalizations and 2076 emergency department encounters. 555,729 (43.2%) patients were aged 18-49 years, 363,299 (28.3%) 50-64 years, and 366,004 (28.5%) ≥65 years. Most patients were female (n = 765,728, 59.6%), White (n = 990,224, 77.1%), and non-Hispanic (n = 1,063,964, 82.8%). 37.2% of patients received a booster and 62.8% received only two doses. Median estimated NNV to prevent one hospitalization was 205 (range 44-615) and NNV was lower across study periods for adults aged ≥65 years (110, 46, and 88, respectively) and those with underlying medical conditions (163, 69, and 131, respectively). Median estimated NNV to prevent one emergency department encounter was 156 (range 75-592). Interpretation The number of patients needed to receive a booster dose was highly dependent on local disease incidence, outcome severity, and patient risk factors for moderate-to-severe disease. Funding Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention though contract 75D30120C07986 to Westat, Inc. and contract 75D30120C07765 to Kaiser Foundation Hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Adams
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Shaun J Grannis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Fireman
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Emily Hartmann
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward Stenehjem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Alexandra F Dalton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karthik Natarajan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Dascomb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Chantel Sloan-Aagard
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, TX, USA
- Brigham Young University Department of Public Health, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Brian E Dixon
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Toan C Ong
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Monica Dickerson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy Grisel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Juan Nanez
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, TX, USA
| | - William F Fadel
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Palak Patel
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Arndorfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Nimish R Valvi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Eric P Griggs
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter J Embi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth Link-Gelles
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Tenforde
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Dalton AF, Weber ZA, Allen KS, Stenehjem E, Irving SA, Spark TL, Adams K, Zerbo O, Lazariu V, Dixon BE, Dascomb K, Hartmann E, Kharbanda AB, Ong TC, DeSilva MB, Beaton M, Gaglani M, Patel P, Naleway AL, Kish MNS, Grannis SJ, Grisel N, Sloan-Aagard C, Rao S, Raiyani C, Dickerson M, Bassett E, Fadel WF, Arndorfer J, Nanez J, Barron MA, Vazquez-Benitez G, Liao IC, Griggs EP, Reese SE, Valvi NR, Murthy K, Rowley EAK, Embi PJ, Ball S, Link-Gelles R, Tenforde MW. Relationships Between Social Vulnerability and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Coverage and Vaccine Effectiveness. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1615-1625. [PMID: 36611252 PMCID: PMC10949185 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination coverage remains lower in communities with higher social vulnerability. Factors such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure risk and access to healthcare are often correlated with social vulnerability and may therefore contribute to a relationship between vulnerability and observed vaccine effectiveness (VE). Understanding whether these factors impact VE could contribute to our understanding of real-world VE. METHODS We used electronic health record data from 7 health systems to assess vaccination coverage among patients with medically attended COVID-19-like illness. We then used a test-negative design to assess VE for 2- and 3-dose messenger RNA (mRNA) adult (≥18 years) vaccine recipients across Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) quartiles. SVI rankings were determined by geocoding patient addresses to census tracts; rankings were grouped into quartiles for analysis. RESULTS In July 2021, primary series vaccination coverage was higher in the least vulnerable quartile than in the most vulnerable quartile (56% vs 36%, respectively). In February 2022, booster dose coverage among persons who had completed a primary series was higher in the least vulnerable quartile than in the most vulnerable quartile (43% vs 30%). VE among 2-dose and 3-dose recipients during the Delta and Omicron BA.1 periods of predominance was similar across SVI quartiles. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination coverage varied substantially by SVI. Differences in VE estimates by SVI were minimal across groups after adjusting for baseline patient factors. However, lower vaccination coverage among more socially vulnerable groups means that the burden of illness is still disproportionately borne by the most socially vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Dalton
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Katie S Allen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Edward Stenehjem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Stephanie A Irving
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Katherine Adams
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ousseny Zerbo
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Brian E Dixon
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristin Dascomb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emily Hartmann
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Anupam B Kharbanda
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Toan C Ong
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Malini B DeSilva
- Division of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maura Beaton
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Palak Patel
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allison L Naleway
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Shaun J Grannis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nancy Grisel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Chantel Sloan-Aagard
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, Texas, USA
- Brigham Young University Department of Public Health, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Suchitra Rao
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Monica Dickerson
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - William F Fadel
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Julie Arndorfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Juan Nanez
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle A Barron
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - I Chia Liao
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Eric P Griggs
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Nimish R Valvi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Peter J Embi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ruth Link-Gelles
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark W Tenforde
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Klein NP, Demarco M, Fleming-Dutra KE, Stockwell MS, Kharbanda AB, Gaglani M, Rao S, Lewis N, Irving SA, Hartmann E, Natarajan K, Dalton AF, Zerbo O, DeSilva MB, Konatham D, Stenehjem E, Rowley EAK, Ong TC, Grannis SJ, Sloan-Aagard C, Han J, Verani JR, Raiyani C, Dascomb K, Reese SE, Barron MA, Fadel WF, Naleway AL, Nanez J, Dickerson M, Goddard K, Murthy K, Grisel N, Weber ZA, Dixon BE, Patel P, Fireman B, Arndorfer J, Valvi NR, Griggs EP, Hallowell C, Embi PJ, Ball SW, Thompson MG, Tenforde MW, Link-Gelles R. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2023; 151:191035. [PMID: 37026401 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild to moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents through the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 period. METHODS Using VISION Network records from April 2021 to September 2022, we conducted a test-negative, case-control study assessing VE against COVID-19-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounters and hospitalizations using logistic regression, conditioned on month and site, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS We compared 9800 ED/UC cases with 70 232 controls, and 305 hospitalized cases with 2612 controls. During Delta, 2-dose VE against ED/UC encounters at 12 to 15 years was initially 93% (95% confidence interval 89 to 95), waning to 77% (69% to 84%) after ≥150 days. At ages 16 to 17, VE was initially 93% (86% to 97%), waning to 72% (63% to 79%) after ≥150 days. During Omicron, VE at ages 12 to 15 was initially 64% (44% to 77%), waning to 13% (3% to 23%) after 60 days; at ages 16 to 17 VE was 31% (10% to 47%) during days 60 to 149, waning to 7% (-8 to 20%) after 150 days. A monovalent booster increased VE to 54% (40% to 65%) at ages 12 to 15 and 46% (30% to 58%) at ages 16 to 17. At ages 5 to 11, 2-dose VE was 49% (33% to 61%) initially and 41% (29% to 51%) after 150 days. During Delta, VE against hospitalizations at ages 12 to 17 was high (>97%), and at ages 16 to 17 remained 98% (73% to 100%) beyond 150 days; during Omicron, hospitalizations were too infrequent to precisely estimate VE. CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2 protected children and adolescents against mild to moderate and severe COVID-19. VE was lower during Omicron predominance including BA.4/BA.5, waned after dose 2 but increased after a monovalent booster. Children and adolescents should receive all recommended COVID-19 vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | | | | | - Melissa S Stockwell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
- Department of Medical Education, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Suchitra Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ned Lewis
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | | | - Emily Hartmann
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, Texas
| | - Karthik Natarajan
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra F Dalton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ousseny Zerbo
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | | | - Deepika Konatham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Edward Stenehjem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Toan C Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shaun J Grannis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chantel Sloan-Aagard
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, Texas
- Brigham Young University Department of Public Health, Provo, Utah
| | - Jungmi Han
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, Texas
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chandni Raiyani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Kristin Dascomb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Michelle A Barron
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William F Fadel
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis; and
| | | | - Juan Nanez
- Paso del Norte Health Information Exchange (PHIX), El Paso, Texas
| | - Monica Dickerson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristin Goddard
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Kempapura Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Nancy Grisel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Brian E Dixon
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis; and
| | - Palak Patel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bruce Fireman
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Julie Arndorfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nimish R Valvi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Eric P Griggs
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Peter J Embi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Mark G Thompson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark W Tenforde
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruth Link-Gelles
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia
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5
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Tenforde MW, Weber ZA, Natarajan K, Klein NP, Kharbanda AB, Stenehjem E, Embi PJ, Reese SE, Naleway AL, Grannis SJ, DeSilva MB, Ong TC, Gaglani M, Han J, Dickerson M, Fireman B, Dascomb K, Irving SA, Vazquez-Benitez G, Rao S, Konatham D, Patel P, Schrader KE, Lewis N, Grisel N, McEvoy C, Murthy K, Griggs EP, Rowley EAK, Zerbo O, Arndorfer J, Dunne MM, Goddard K, Ray C, Zhuang Y, Timbol J, Najdowski M, Yang DH, Hansen J, Ball SW, Link-Gelles R. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompetent Adults - VISION Network, Nine States, September-November 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 71:1637-1646. [PMID: 36921274 PMCID: PMC10027383 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7153a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
During June-October 2022, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 sublineage accounted for most of the sequenced viral genomes in the United States, with further Omicron sublineage diversification through November 2022.* Bivalent mRNA vaccines contain an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain component plus an updated component of the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages. On September 1, 2022, a single bivalent booster dose was recommended for adults who had completed a primary vaccination series (with or without subsequent booster doses), with the last dose administered ≥2 months earlier (1). During September 13-November 18, the VISION Network evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a bivalent mRNA booster dose (after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses) compared with 1) no previous vaccination and 2) previous receipt of 2, 3, or 4 monovalent-only mRNA vaccine doses, among immunocompetent adults aged ≥18 years with an emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounter or hospitalization for a COVID-19-like illness.† VE of a bivalent booster dose (after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses) against COVID-19-associated ED/UC encounters was 56% compared with no vaccination, 32% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose 2-4 months earlier, and 50% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose ≥11 months earlier. VE of a bivalent booster dose (after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses) against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations was 59% compared with no vaccination, 42% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose 5-7 months earlier, and 48% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose ≥11 months earlier. Bivalent vaccines administered after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses were effective in preventing medically attended COVID-19 compared with no vaccination and provided additional protection compared with past monovalent vaccination only, with relative protection increasing with time since receipt of the last monovalent dose. All eligible persons should stay up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations, including receiving a bivalent booster dose. Persons should also consider taking additional precautions to avoid respiratory illness this winter season, such as masking in public indoor spaces, especially in areas where COVID-19 community levels are high.
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6
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Tenforde MW, Weber ZA, Natarajan K, Klein NP, Kharbanda AB, Stenehjem E, Embi PJ, Reese SE, Naleway AL, Grannis SJ, DeSilva MB, Ong TC, Gaglani M, Han J, Dickerson M, Fireman B, Dascomb K, Irving SA, Vazquez-Benitez G, Rao S, Konatham D, Patel P, Schrader KE, Lewis N, Grisel N, McEvoy C, Murthy K, Griggs EP, Rowley EAK, Zerbo O, Arndorfer J, Dunne MM, Goddard K, Ray C, Zhuang Y, Timbol J, Najdowski M, Yang DH, Hansen J, Ball SW, Link-Gelles R. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompetent Adults - VISION Network, Nine States, September-November 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1616-1624. [PMID: 36580430 PMCID: PMC9812442 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm715152e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During June-October 2022, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 sublineage accounted for most of the sequenced viral genomes in the United States, with further Omicron sublineage diversification through November 2022.* Bivalent mRNA vaccines contain an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain component plus an updated component of the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages. On September 1, 2022, a single bivalent booster dose was recommended for adults who had completed a primary vaccination series (with or without subsequent booster doses), with the last dose administered ≥2 months earlier (1). During September 13-November 18, the VISION Network evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a bivalent mRNA booster dose (after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses) compared with 1) no previous vaccination and 2) previous receipt of 2, 3, or 4 monovalent-only mRNA vaccine doses, among immunocompetent adults aged ≥18 years with an emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounter or hospitalization for a COVID-19-like illness.† VE of a bivalent booster dose (after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses) against COVID-19-associated ED/UC encounters was 56% compared with no vaccination, 31% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose 2-4 months earlier, and 50% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose ≥11 months earlier. VE of a bivalent booster dose (after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses) against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations was 57% compared with no vaccination, 38% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose 5-7 months earlier, and 45% compared with monovalent vaccination only with last dose ≥11 months earlier. Bivalent vaccines administered after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses were effective in preventing medically attended COVID-19 compared with no vaccination and provided additional protection compared with past monovalent vaccination only, with relative protection increasing with time since receipt of the last monovalent dose. All eligible persons should stay up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations, including receiving a bivalent booster dose. Persons should also consider taking additional precautions to avoid respiratory illness this winter season, such as masking in public indoor spaces, especially in areas where COVID-19 community levels are high.
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