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Orr TJ, Lesha E, Kramer AH, Cecia A, Dugan JE, Schwartz B, Einhaus SL. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review of Biomechanics and Molecular Pathophysiology. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:74-88. [PMID: 38272305 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health concern with profound consequences for affected individuals. This comprehensive literature review delves into TBI intricacies, encompassing primary injury biomechanics and the molecular pathophysiology of the secondary injury cascade. Primary TBI involves a complex interplay of forces, including impact loading, blast overpressure, and impulsive loading, leading to diverse injury patterns. These forces can be categorized into inertial (e.g., rotational acceleration causing focal and diffuse injuries) and contact forces (primarily causing focal injuries like skull fractures). Understanding their interactions is crucial for effective injury management. The secondary injury cascade in TBI comprises multifaceted molecular and cellular responses, including altered ion concentrations, dysfunctional neurotransmitter networks, oxidative stress, and cellular energy disturbances. These disruptions impair synaptic function, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. Moreover, neuroinflammatory responses play a pivotal role in exacerbating damage. As we endeavor to bridge the knowledge gap between biomechanics and molecular pathophysiology, further research is imperative to unravel the nuanced interplay between mechanical forces and their consequences at the molecular and cellular levels, ultimately guiding the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the debilitating effects of TBI. In this study, we aim to provide a concise review of the bridge between biomechanical processes causing primary injury and the ensuing molecular pathophysiology of secondary injury, while detailing the subsequent clinical course for this patient population. This knowledge is crucial for advancing our understanding of TBI and developing effective interventions to improve outcomes for those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Orr
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Emal Lesha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alexandra H Kramer
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Arba Cecia
- School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John E Dugan
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Barrett Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie L Einhaus
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
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Zafarshamspour S, Lesha E, Cecia A, George H, Ghasemi-Rad M, Trinh K, Yaghoobpoor S, Ghorani H, Majd ME, Eghbal K. Traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in adults: a systematic review of published cases. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:90. [PMID: 38376669 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) in adults is a rare and clinically challenging condition characterized by a spectrum of etiological factors, predominantly attributed to traumatic and inflammatory pathologies within the craniovertebral region. Trauma is the most frequently identified cause within the adult population, with the first case report published in 1907. This study aims to conduct a systematic review that addresses the clinical presentations and management strategies relating to traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in adults. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was executed, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria encompassed case reports and series documenting AARF cases in individuals aged 18 and above, spanning database inception to July 2022. Studies not published in the English language were excluded. A total of 61 articles reporting cases of AARF in the adult population were included in the study. The mean age of affected individuals was 36.1 years (± 15.6), with a distribution of 46% females and 54% males. Predominant mechanisms of injury included motor vehicle accidents and falls, constituting 38% and 22% of cases, respectively. Among the classification systems employed, Fielding and Hawkins type I accounted for the majority at 63%, followed by type II at 10%, and type III at 4%. Conservative management was used for treatment in 65% of acute (65%) cases and 29% of chronic cases. Traumatic AARF is a rare phenomenon in the adult population, is more common in younger adults, and does not often present with neurologic deficits. Patients diagnosed acutely are more likely to be successfully treated with conservative management, while patients diagnosed chronically are less likely to be reduced with conservatively and often require surgical treatment. Surgery should be considered for patients with irreducible dislocations, ligamentous injuries, unstable associated fractures, and persistent pain resistant to conservative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Zafarshamspour
- Department of Surgery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Emal Lesha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Arba Cecia
- School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haydy George
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi-Rad
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Trinh
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghorani
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keyvan Eghbal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
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Mangham W, Lesha E, Nico E, Yagmurlu K, Golembeski CP, Portnoy DC, Weaver J. Rosai-Dorfman disease of the cauda equina: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2024; 7:CASE23359. [PMID: 38252925 PMCID: PMC10805585 DOI: 10.3171/case23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare, nonmalignant histiocytosis. It typically occurs in lymph nodes, skin, and soft tissues, but numerous reports of central nervous system involvement exist in the literature. The peripheral nervous system has rarely been involved. In this study, the authors present a case of RDD isolated to the cauda equina. The presentation, management, surgical technique, and adjunctive treatment strategy are described. OBSERVATIONS A 31-year-old female presented with 6 months of progressive left lower-extremity numbness involving the lateral aspect of the foot and weakness of the left toes. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine demonstrated a homogeneously enhancing intradural lesion involving the cauda equina at the L2-3 levels. Histopathology after resection revealed a histiocytic infiltrate, positive for CD68 and S100, and emperipolesis consistent with RDD. No adjuvant therapy was administered, and the patient had full remission at the 1-year follow-up. Only five other cases of intradural RDD lesions of the cauda equina have been reported in the literature. LESSONS RDD of the cauda equina is an especially rare and challenging diagnosis that can mimic other dura-based lesions, such as meningiomas. A definitive diagnosis of RDD relies on pathognomonic histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mangham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Emal Lesha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elsa Nico
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Christopher P Golembeski
- Department of Pathology, Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Baptist Health Sciences University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | | | - Jason Weaver
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
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Lesha E, Parikh KA, Nguyen VN, Orr TJ, Khan NR. Middle Fossa Approach for Resection of a Petrous Bone Hemangioma Compressing the Geniculate Ganglion. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:115-116. [PMID: 37499749 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Facial nerve hemangiomas are a rare entity of skull base lesions that arise within the temporal bone and affect the seventh cranial nerve.1 They are vascular malformations arising from the vascular plexuses surrounding the nerve. Although slow growing and overall benign in nature, they can cause significant facial nerve dysfunction even at small sizes.2 Facial nerve hemangiomas can arise within different segments of the facial nerve within the temporal bone, but most commonly arise near the geniculate ganglion.3 We describe the case of a 34-year-old female who presented with progressive right facial palsy (House-Brackmann 4) and a calcified lesion arising from the petrous temporal bone. Resection of the lesion was performed with a posterior to anterior middle fossa approach, with identification of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and geniculate ganglion, sectioning of the middle meningeal artery, and identification of V2 and V3 segments of the trigeminal nerve (Video 1). The bony mass was peeled off the petrous temporal bone and the geniculate ganglion without sacrifice of the facial nerve. Postoperative imaging showed gross total resection, and the patient's facial palsy improved to House-Brackmann 1. A comprehensive literature review on surgical approaches and outcomes for the resection of hemangiomas involving the geniculate ganglion or the facial nerve is also provided.2,4-18 The case presentation, surgical anatomy, operative nuances with technical considerations, and postoperative course with imaging are reviewed. The patient and family provided informed consent for the procedure and publication of patient images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emal Lesha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kara A Parikh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vincent N Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine - University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Taylor J Orr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nickalus R Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Godau B, Samimi S, Seyfoori A, Samiei E, Khani T, Naserzadeh P, Najafabadi AH, Lesha E, Majidzadeh-A K, Ashtari B, Charest G, Morin C, Fortin D, Akbari M. A Drug-Eluting Injectable NanoGel for Localized Delivery of Anticancer Drugs to Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2255. [PMID: 37765224 PMCID: PMC10534730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemically administered chemotherapy reduces the efficiency of the anticancer agent at the target tumor tissue and results in distributed drug to non-target organs, inducing negative side effects commonly associated with chemotherapy and necessitating repeated administration. Injectable hydrogels present themselves as a potential platform for non-invasive local delivery vehicles that can serve as a slow-releasing drug depot that fills tumor vasculature, tissue, or resection cavities. Herein, we have systematically formulated and tested an injectable shear-thinning hydrogel (STH) with a highly manipulable release profile for delivering doxorubicin, a common chemotherapeutic. By detailed characterization of the STH physical properties and degradation and release dynamics, we selected top candidates for testing in cancer models of increasing biomimicry. Two-dimensional cell culture, tumor-on-a-chip, and small animal models were used to demonstrate the high anticancer potential and reduced systemic toxicity of the STH that exhibits long-term (up to 80 days) doxorubicin release profiles for treatment of breast cancer and glioblastoma. The drug-loaded STH injected into tumor tissue was shown to increase overall survival in breast tumor- and glioblastoma-bearing animal models by 50% for 22 days and 25% for 52 days, respectively, showing high potential for localized, less frequent treatment of oncologic disease with reduced dosage requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Godau
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sadaf Samimi
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Tahereh Khani
- Preclinical Lab., Core Facility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755354, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88945173, Iran
| | | | - Emal Lesha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, No. 146, South Gandhi Ave., Vanak Sq., P.O. BOX 1517964311, Tehran 1684613114, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ashtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Gabriel Charest
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada (C.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Christophe Morin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada (C.M.); (D.F.)
| | - David Fortin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada (C.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovations, Los Angeles, CA 90050, USA;
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Lesha E, George H, Zaki MM, Smith CJ, Khoshakhlagh P, Ng AHM. A Survey of Transcription Factors in Cell Fate Control. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2594:133-141. [PMID: 36264493 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2815-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a cardinal role in the development and maintenance of human physiology by acting as mediators of gene expression and cell state control. Recent advancements have broadened our knowledge on the potency of TFs in governing cell physiology and have deepened our understanding of the mechanisms through which they exert this control. The ability of TFs to program cell fates has gathered significant interest in recent decades, and high-throughput technologies now allow for the systematic discovery of forward programming factors to convert pluripotent stem cells into numerous differentiated cell types. The next generation of these technologies has the potential to improve our understanding and control of cell fates and states and provide advanced therapeutic modalities to address many medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emal Lesha
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Haydy George
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Mark M Zaki
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Palmisciano P, Ferini G, Watanabe G, Ogasawara C, Lesha E, Bin-Alamer O, Umana GE, Yu K, Cohen-Gadol AA, El Ahmadieh TY, Haider AS. Gliomas Infiltrating the Corpus Callosum: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2507. [PMID: 35626112 PMCID: PMC9139932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gliomas infiltrating the corpus callosum (G-I-CC) majorly impact patient quality-of-life, but maximally safe tumor resection is challenging. We systematically reviewed the literature on G-I-CC. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA guidelines to include studies of patients with G-I-CC. Clinicopathological features, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: We included 52 studies comprising 683 patients. Most patients experienced headache (33%), cognitive decline (18.7%), and seizures (17.7%). Tumors mostly infiltrated the corpus callosum genu (44.2%) with bilateral extension (85.4%) into frontal (68.3%) or parietal (8.9%) lobes. Most G-I-CC were glioblastomas (84.5%) with IDH-wildtype (84.9%) and unmethylated MGMT promoter (53.5%). Resection (76.7%) was preferred over biopsy (23.3%), mostly gross-total (33.8%) and subtotal (32.5%). The tumor-infiltrated corpus callosum was resected in 57.8% of cases. Radiation was delivered in 65.8% of patients and temozolomide in 68.3%. Median follow-up was 12 months (range, 0.1−116). In total, 142 patients (31.8%) experienced post-surgical complications, including transient supplementary motor area syndrome (5.1%) and persistent motor deficits (4.3%) or abulia (2.5%). Post-treatment symptom improvement was reported in 42.9% of patients. No differences in rates of complications (p = 0.231) and symptom improvement (p = 0.375) were found in cases with resected versus preserved corpus callosum. Recurrences occurred in 40.9% of cases, with median progression-free survival of 9 months (0.1−72). Median overall survival was 10.7 months (range, 0.1−116), significantly longer in low-grade tumors (p = 0.013) and after resection (p < 0.001), especially gross-total (p = 0.041) in patients with high-grade tumors. Conclusions: G-I-CC show clinicopathological patterns comparable to other more frequent gliomas. Maximally safe resection significantly improves survival with low rates of persistent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gianluca Ferini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Gina Watanabe
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (G.W.); (C.O.)
| | - Christian Ogasawara
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (G.W.); (C.O.)
| | - Emal Lesha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Othman Bin-Alamer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Giuseppe E. Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Kenny Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (K.Y.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (K.Y.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Ali S. Haider
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Lauric A, Silveira L, Lesha E, Breton JM, Malek AM. Aneurysm presence at the anterior communicating artery bifurcation is associated with caliber tapering of the A1 segment. J Neurosurg 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34653994 DOI: 10.3171/2021.5.jns204389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vessel tapering results in blood flow acceleration at downstream bifurcations (firehose nozzle effect), induces hemodynamics predisposing to aneurysm initiation, and has been associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm presence and rupture status. The authors sought to determine if vessel caliber tapering is a generalizable predisposing factor by evaluating upstream A1 segment profiles in association with aneurysm presence in the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex, the most prevalent cerebral aneurysm location associated with a high rupture risk. METHODS Three-dimensional rotational angiographic studies were analyzed for 68 patients with ACoA aneurysms, 37 nonaneurysmal contralaterals, and 53 healthy bilateral controls (211 samples total). A1 segments were determined to be dominant, codominant, or nondominant based on flow and size. Equidistant cross-sectional orthogonal cuts were generated along the A1 centerline, and cross-sectional area (CSA) was evaluated proximally and distally, using intensity-invariant edge detection filtering. The relative tapering of the A1 segment was evaluated as the tapering ratio (distal/proximal CSA). Computational fluid dynamics was simulated on ACoA parametric models with and without tapering. RESULTS Aneurysms occurred predominantly on dominant (79%) and codominant (17%) A1 segments. A1 segments leading to unruptured ACoA aneurysms had significantly greater tapering compared to nonaneurysmal contralaterals (0.69 ± 0.13 vs 0.80 ± 0.17, p = 0.001) and healthy controls (0.69 ± 0.13 vs 0.83 ± 0.16, p < 0.001), regardless of dominance labeling. There was no statistically significant difference in tapering values between contralateral A1 and healthy A1 controls (0.80 ± 0.17 vs 0.83 ± 0.16, p = 0.56). Hemodynamically, A1 segment tapering induces high focal pressure, high wall shear stress, and high velocity at the ACoA bifurcation. CONCLUSIONS Aneurysmal, but not contralateral or healthy control, A1 segments demonstrated significant progressive vascular tapering, which is associated with aneurysmogenic hemodynamic conditions at the ACoA complex. Demonstration of the upstream tapering effect in the communicating ACoA segment is consistent with its prior detection in the noncommunicating MCA bifurcation, which together form more than 50% of intracranial aneurysms. The mechanistic characterization of this upstream vascular tapering phenomenon is warranted to understand its clinical relevance and devise potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lauric
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luke Silveira
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emal Lesha
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey M Breton
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adel M Malek
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zaki MM, Lesha E, Said K, Kiaee K, Robinson-McCarthy L, George H, Hanna A, Appleton E, Liu S, Ng AHM, Khoshakhlagh P, Church GM. Cell therapy strategies for COVID-19: Current approaches and potential applications. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg5995. [PMID: 34380619 PMCID: PMC8357240 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to burden society worldwide. Despite most patients having a mild course, severe presentations have limited treatment options. COVID-19 manifestations extend beyond the lungs and may affect the cardiovascular, nervous, and other organ systems. Current treatments are nonspecific and do not address potential long-term consequences such as pulmonary fibrosis, demyelination, and ischemic organ damage. Cell therapies offer great potential in treating severe COVID-19 presentations due to their customizability and regenerative function. This review summarizes COVID-19 pathogenesis, respective areas where cell therapies have potential, and the ongoing 89 cell therapy trials in COVID-19 as of 1 January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Zaki
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emal Lesha
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Khaled Said
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kiavash Kiaee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Angy Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Evan Appleton
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songlei Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex H M Ng
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Parastoo Khoshakhlagh
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - George M Church
- GC Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Rosato R, Comptdaer G, Mulligan R, Breton JM, Lesha E, Lauric A, Malek AM. Increased focal internal carotid artery angulation in patients with posterior communicating artery aneurysms. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 12:1142-1147. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-015883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAneurysms at the posterior communicating artery (PCOM) origin represent the most common location on the internal carotid artery (ICA), and are associated with greater recurrence following endovascular treatment. We evaluate the association between ICA angulation in three-dimensional (3D) space and PCOM aneurysmal development, using high-resolution 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) studies.Methods3DRA datasets were evaluated in 70 patients with PCOM aneurysms, 31 non-aneurysmal contralateral, and 86 healthy controls (187 total). The local angle formed by upstream and downstream ICA segments at the PCOM origin, αICA@PCOM, was measured using 3DRA multiplanar reconstruction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed on parametric and patient-based models.ResultsαICA@PCOM was significantly larger in aneurysm-bearing ICA segments (68.14±11.91°) compared with non-aneurysmal contralateral (57.17±10.76°, p<0.001) and healthy controls (48.13±13.68°, p<0.001). A discriminant threshold αICA@PCOM value of 61° (87% specificity, 80% sensitivity) was established (area under the curve (AUC)=0.88). Ruptured PCOM aneurysms had a significantly larger αICA@PCOM compared to unruptured (72.65±15.16° vs 66.35±9.94°, p=0.04). In parametric and patient-based CFD analysis, a large αICA@PCOM induces high focal pressure at the PCOM origin, relatively low wall shear stress (WSS), and high proximal WSS spatial gradients (WSSG).ConclusionICA angulation at PCOM origin is significantly higher in vessels harboring PCOM aneurysms compared with contralateral and healthy ICAs. This sharper bend in the ICA leads to high focal pressure at the aneurysm neck, low focal WSS and high proximal WSSG. These findings underline the importance of morphological ICA variations and the likelihood of PCOM aneurysm, an association which can inform clinical decisions and may serve in predictive analytics.
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11
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Fallahi A, Yazdi IK, Serex L, Lesha E, Faramarzi N, Tarlan F, Avci H, Costa-Almeida R, Sharifi F, Rinoldi C, Gomes ME, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A, Akbari M, Tamayol A. Customizable Composite Fibers for Engineering Skeletal Muscle Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1112-1123. [PMID: 33464853 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering tissue-like scaffolds that can mimic the microstructure, architecture, topology, and mechanical properties of native tissues while offering an excellent environment for cellular growth has remained an unmet need. To address these challenges, multicompartment composite fibers are fabricated. These fibers can be assembled through textile processes to tailor tissue-level mechanical and electrical properties independent of cellular level components. Textile technologies also allow control of the distribution of different cell types and the microstructure of fabricated constructs and the direction of cellular growth within the 3D microenvironment. Here, we engineered composite fibers from biocompatible cores and biologically relevant hydrogel sheaths. The fibers are mechanically robust to being assembled using textile processes and could support adhesion, proliferation, and maturation of cell populations important for the engineering of skeletal muscles. We also demonstrated that the changes in the coating of the multicompartment fibers could potentially enhance myogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Fallahi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emal Lesha
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Negar Faramarzi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Farhang Tarlan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Raquel Costa-Almeida
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Radiology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8, Canada
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 68508, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 06030, United States
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12
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Nouralizadeh A, Sharifiaghdas F, Pakmanesh H, Basiri A, Radfar MH, Soltani MH, Nasiri M, Maleki ER, Lesha E, Ghasemi-Rad M, Narouie B. Fluoroscopy-free ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric patients: a single-center experience. World J Urol 2018; 36:667-671. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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13
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Yang L, Briggs AW, Chew WL, Mali P, Guell M, Aach J, Goodman DB, Cox D, Kan Y, Lesha E, Soundararajan V, Zhang F, Church G. Correction: Corrigendum: Engineering and optimising deaminase fusions for genome editing. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16169. [PMID: 28991237 PMCID: PMC5635175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Niu D, Wei HJ, Lin L, George H, Wang T, Lee IH, Zhao HY, Wang Y, Kan Y, Shrock E, Lesha E, Wang G, Luo Y, Qing Y, Jiao D, Zhao H, Zhou X, Wang S, Wei H, Güell M, Church GM, Yang L. Inactivation of porcine endogenous retrovirus in pigs using CRISPR-Cas9. Science 2017; 357:1303-1307. [PMID: 28798043 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is a promising strategy to alleviate the shortage of organs for human transplantation. In addition to the concerns about pig-to-human immunological compatibility, the risk of cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) has impeded the clinical application of this approach. We previously demonstrated the feasibility of inactivating PERV activity in an immortalized pig cell line. We now confirm that PERVs infect human cells, and we observe the horizontal transfer of PERVs among human cells. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we inactivated all of the PERVs in a porcine primary cell line and generated PERV-inactivated pigs via somatic cell nuclear transfer. Our study highlights the value of PERV inactivation to prevent cross-species viral transmission and demonstrates the successful production of PERV-inactivated animals to address the safety concern in clinical xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Niu
- eGenesis, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Tao Wang
- eGenesis, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | | | - Ellen Shrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yubo Qing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Deling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shouqi Wang
- Research Institute of Shenzhen Jinxinnong Technology, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | | | - George M Church
- eGenesis, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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15
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Tamayol A, Akbari M, Zilberman Y, Comotto M, Lesha E, Serex L, Bagherifard S, Chen Y, Fu G, Ameri SK, Ruan W, Miller EL, Dokmeci MR, Sonkusale S, Khademhosseini A. pH-Sensing Hydrogel Fibers: Flexible pH-Sensing Hydrogel Fibers for Epidermal Applications (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2016). Adv Healthc Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201670027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Victoria; Victoria V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Yael Zilberman
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Mattia Comotto
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Emal Lesha
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Sara Bagherifard
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan 20156 Italy
| | - Yu Chen
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Guoqing Fu
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Shideh Kabiri Ameri
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Weitong Ruan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tufts University; Medford 02155 USA
| | - Eric L. Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tufts University; Medford 02155 USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Sameer Sonkusale
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC); Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Physics; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21569 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies; College of Animal Bioscience and Technology; Konkuk University; Seoul South Korea
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16
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Tamayol A, Akbari M, Zilberman Y, Comotto M, Lesha E, Serex L, Bagherifard S, Chen Y, Fu G, Ameri SK, Ruan W, Miller EL, Dokmeci MR, Sonkusale S, Khademhosseini A. Flexible pH-Sensing Hydrogel Fibers for Epidermal Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:711-9. [PMID: 26799457 PMCID: PMC4805432 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal pH is an indication of the skin's physiological condition. For example, pH of wound can be correlated to angiogenesis, protease activity, bacterial infection, etc. Chronic nonhealing wounds are known to have an elevated alkaline environment, while healing process occurs more readily in an acidic environment. Thus, dermal patches capable of continuous pH measurement can be used as point-of-care systems for monitoring skin disorder and the wound healing process. Here, pH-responsive hydrogel fibers are presented that can be used for long-term monitoring of epidermal wound condition. pH-responsive dyes are loaded into mesoporous microparticles and incorporated into hydrogel fibers using a microfluidic spinning system. The fabricated pH-responsive microfibers are flexible and can create conformal contact with skin. The response of pH-sensitive fibers with different compositions and thicknesses are characterized. The suggested technique is scalable and can be used to fabricate hydrogel-based wound dressings with clinically relevant dimensions. Images of the pH-sensing fibers during real-time pH measurement can be captured with a smart phone camera for convenient readout on-site. Through image processing, a quantitative pH map of the hydrogel fibers and the underlying tissue can be extracted. The developed skin dressing can act as a point-of-care device for monitoring the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yael Zilberman
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Mattia Comotto
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Emal Lesha
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Sara Bagherifard
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Yu Chen
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Guoqing Fu
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Shideh Kabiri Ameri
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Weitong Ruan
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Eric L. Miller
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sameer Sonkusale
- Nanoscale Integrated Sensors and Circuits Laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia. Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yang L, Güell M, Niu D, George H, Lesha E, Grishin D, Aach J, Shrock E, Xu W, Poci J, Cortazio R, Wilkinson RA, Fishman JA, Church G. Genome-wide inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). Science 2015; 350:1101-4. [PMID: 26456528 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The shortage of organs for transplantation is a major barrier to the treatment of organ failure. Although porcine organs are considered promising, their use has been checked by concerns about the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) to humans. Here we describe the eradication of all PERVs in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK15). We first determined the PK15 PERV copy number to be 62. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we disrupted all copies of the PERV pol gene and demonstrated a >1000-fold reduction in PERV transmission to human cells, using our engineered cells. Our study shows that CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexability can be as high as 62 and demonstrates the possibility that PERVs can be inactivated for clinical application of porcine-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhan Yang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marc Güell
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dong Niu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haydy George
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emal Lesha
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Grishin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Aach
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Shrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jürgen Poci
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebeca Cortazio
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Wilkinson
- Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jay A Fishman
- Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Ghasemi-rad M, Attaya H, Lesha E, Vegh A, Maleki-Miandoab T, Nosair E, Sepehrvand N, Davarian A, Rajebi H, Pakniat A, Fazeli SA, Mohammadi A. Ankylosing spondylitis: A state of the art factual backbone. World J Radiol 2015; 7:236-252. [PMID: 26435775 PMCID: PMC4585948 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v7.i9.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the general population. As one of the most severe types of spondyloarthropathy, AS affects the spinal vertebrae and sacroiliac joints, causing debilitating pain and loss of mobility. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of AS, from the pathophysiological changes that occur as the disease progresses, to genetic factors that are involved with its onset. Considering the high prevalence in the population, and the debilitating life changes that occur as a result of the disease, a strong emphasis is placed on the diagnostic imaging methods that are used to detect this condition, as well as several treatment methods that could improve the health of individuals diagnosed with AS.
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19
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Ghasemi-Rad M, Lesha E, Abkhiz S, Mohammadi A. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM: COMPARING BETWEEN SOLID AND CYSTIC ADENOMAS AND THE EFFICACY OF ULTRASOUND AND SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THEIR DIAGNOSIS. Endocr Pract 2015; 21:1277-81. [PMID: 26307898 DOI: 10.4158/ep15789.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disorder that results from abnormal functioning of the parathyroid glands. The purpose of this study was to compare cystic and solid adenomas by analyzing different variables associated with PHPT and parathyroid adenomas (age, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone [PTH] levels, adenoma volume) while comparing the efficacy of ultrasound and single-photon emission computed tomography in differentiating between both types of adenoma. METHODS From 152 patients diagnosed with PHPT between January 2013 and 2014, only 109 patients who had positive ultrasonographic findings for single parathyroid adenoma were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 26 patients had cystic adenomas and 83 patients had solid adenomas. Sestamibi (MIBI) was negative in 50% of the cystic adenoma group and 27.7% of the solid adenoma group, with an overall technetium-MIBI efficacy of 67%. Age, phosphorus level, and adenoma volume were significantly higher in patients with cystic adenomas (P = .001, P = .02, and P = .02, respectively), whereas calcium and PTH levels were significantly higher in patients with solid adenomas (P = .02, P = .038, respectively). MIBI had a significant correlation with PTH levels (P = .031) and adenoma volume (P = .05) only in patients with solid adenomas. No significant correlation was found between sex and type of parathyroid adenoma. CONCLUSION The current study is the first to compare age, PTH levels, and adenoma volume between cystic and solid adenoma patients, providing more information for the poorly understood pathology of cystic adenomas. Our findings showed that age and calcium and PTH levels are significantly higher in patients with solid adenomas, whereas adenoma volume and phosphorus levels are significantly higher in patients with cystic adenomas.
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Mohammadi A, Shateri K, Behzadi F, Maleki-Miandoab T, Lesha E, Ghasemi-rad M, Rosta Y. Relationship between intima-media thickness and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:5535-5540. [PMID: 25664067 PMCID: PMC4307514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are two conditions that confer the major cause of mortality and morbidity in postmenopausal women. Several studies have suggested that these two conditions are negatively correlated by a common pathway. The aim of our study was to show a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), as two factors that are directly related to osteoporosis and atherosclerosis respectively. METHODS The study group consisted of 136 postmenopausal women that presented at the Radiology Clinic of our hospital for BMD measurements. The CIMT was measured using High Resolution B mode Ultrasonography; BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck using Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. RESULTS The mean IMT value in osteoporotic women (0.7±0.1 mm) was significantly higher compared to non-osteoporotic women (0.6±0.1 mm, P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between CIMT and the T score of lumbar spine (r=-0.35; P < 0.001) and femoral neck (r=-0.23, P < 0.001), as well as Z score of the lumbar spine (r=-0.27, P=0.004). No significant correlation was found between CIMT and Z score of the femoral neck. CONCLUSION Our study shows that bone mineral density and carotid intima media thickness are negatively correlated, thus showing a possible relationship between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. However, more research is necessary to determine the pathway that connects these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia 5716763111, Iran
| | - Kamran Shateri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Khomaini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia 5716763111, Iran
| | - Farhad Behzadi
- Department of Radiology, Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia 5716763111, Iran
| | - Tooraj Maleki-Miandoab
- Department of Radiology, Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia 5716763111, Iran
| | - Emal Lesha
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts BostonBoston, MA 02125, United States
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi-rad
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Yousef Rosta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Khomaini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia 5716763111, Iran
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Ghasemi-rad M, Nosair E, Vegh A, Mohammadi A, Akkad A, Lesha E, Mohammadi MH, Sayed D, Davarian A, Maleki-Miyandoab T, Hasan A. A handy review of carpal tunnel syndrome: From anatomy to diagnosis and treatment. World J Radiol 2014; 6:284-300. [PMID: 24976931 PMCID: PMC4072815 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i6.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most commonly diagnosed disabling condition of the upper extremities. It is the most commonly known and prevalent type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy that accounts for about 90% of all entrapment neuropathies. This review aims to provide an outline of CTS by considering anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic modalities and management of this common condition, with an emphasis on the diagnostic imaging evaluation.
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