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Jézéquel J, Johansson EM, Leboyer M, Groc L. Pathogenicity of Antibodies against NMDA Receptor: Molecular Insights into Autoimmune Psychosis. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:502-511. [PMID: 29807730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a flourishing literature on detection of circulating autoantibodies against neurotransmitter receptors in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. These studies have generated hope for a better understanding of the underlying molecular dysfunctions and for appropriate therapeutic strategies. However, the detection of these autoantibodies in healthy subjects, and the lack of mechanistic insights have fostered debate about the pathogenic role of such autoantibodies. Here, we specifically discuss the biological evidence linking autoantibodies directed against the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR-Abs) and psychosis, emphasising recent single-molecule imaging investigations that unveiled the impaired surface trafficking of NMDAR in the presence of NMDAR-Abs from psychotic patients. Although still in its infancy, the hypothesis that NMDAR-Abs from patients with psychosis play a pathogenic role is thus gaining support, opening avenues of fundamental and translational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jézéquel
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - E M Johansson
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Leboyer
- University Paris Est Créteil, Psychiatry Department, Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, AP-HP, DHU PePSY, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - L Groc
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
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Karaman DS, Desai D, Senthilkumar R, Johansson EM, Råtts N, Odén M, Eriksson JE, Sahlgren C, Toivola DM, Rosenholm JM. Shape engineering vs organic modification of inorganic nanoparticles as a tool for enhancing cellular internalization. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:358. [PMID: 22747910 PMCID: PMC3519764 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In nanomedicine, physicochemical properties of the nanocarrier affect the nanoparticle's pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, which are also decisive for the passive targeting and nonspecific cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Size and surface charge are, consequently, two main determining factors in nanomedicine applications. Another important parameter which has received much less attention is the morphology (shape) of the nanocarrier. In order to investigate the morphology effect on the extent of cellular internalization, two similarly sized but differently shaped rod-like and spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and functionalized to yield different surface charges. The uptake in two different cancer cell lines was investigated as a function of particle shape, coating (organic modification), surface charge and dose. According to the presented results, particle morphology is a decisive property regardless of both the different surface charges and doses tested, whereby rod-like particles internalized more efficiently in both cell lines. At lower doses whereby the shape-induced advantage is less dominant, charge-induced effects can, however, be used to fine-tune the cellular uptake as a prospective 'secondary' uptake regulator for tight dose control in nanoparticle-based drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Sen Karaman
- Centre for Functional Materials, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3-5, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Diti Desai
- Centre for Functional Materials, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3-5, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Tech. & Eng, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat -390002, India
| | - Rajendran Senthilkumar
- Department of Biosciences, Cell biology, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Emma M Johansson
- Nanostructured Materials Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Natalie Råtts
- Centre for Functional Materials, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3-5, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, Cell biology, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, P.O. Box 123, Turku FI-20521, Finland
| | - Magnus Odén
- Nanostructured Materials Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - John E Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences, Cell biology, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Department of Biosciences, Cell biology, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, P.O. Box 123, Turku FI-20521, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Department of Biosciences, Cell biology, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Centre for Functional Materials, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3-5, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
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Johansson EM, Ballem MA, Córdoba JM, Odén M. Rapid synthesis of SBA-15 rods with variable lengths, widths, and tunable large pores. Langmuir 2011; 27:4994-9. [PMID: 21413751 DOI: 10.1021/la104864d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dispersed SBA-15 rods have been synthesized with varying lengths, widths, and pore sizes in a low-temperature synthesis in the presence of heptane and NH(4)F. The pore size of the material can systematically be varied between 11 and 17 nm using different hydrothermal treatment times and/or temperatures. The particle length (400-600 nm) and width (100-400 nm) were tuned by varying the HCl concentration. All the synthesized materials possess a large surface area of 400-600 m(2)/g and a pore volume of 1.05-1.30 cm(3). A mechanism for the effect of the HCl concentration on the particle morphology is suggested. Furthermore, it is shown that the reaction time can be decreased to 1 h, with well-retained pore size and morphology. This work has resulted in SBA-15 rods with the largest pore size reported for this morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Johansson
- Nanostructured Materials, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden.
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Tsai HT, Córdoba JM, Johansson EM, Ballem MA, Odén M. Silica SBA-15 template assisted synthesis of ultrasmall and homogeneously sized copper nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:3493-3498. [PMID: 21776729 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of spherical copper nanoparticles with extremely narrow size distribution by electroless copper deposition on mesoporous silica support is described. The materials were characterized by nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The copper nanoparticles have a cubic crystalline structure and an average particle size of 5.5 +/- 0.8 nm. The copper nanoparticles are stable, without detectable oxidation or further agglomeration under ambient conditions even after months. These results demonstrate that electroless copper reduction can be conducted and constrained within the mesoporous silica framework, which pave the way for engineered mesoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Tsai
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Division of Nanostructured Materials, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Fransson PMA, Johansson EM. Elevated CO and nitrogen influence exudation of soluble organic compounds by ectomycorrhizal root systems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 71:186-96. [PMID: 19889031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Root and mycelial exudation contributes significantly to soil carbon (C) fluxes, and is likely to be altered by an elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration and nitrogen (N) deposition. We quantified soluble, low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic compounds exuded by ectomycorrhizal plants grown under ambient (360 p.p.m.) or elevated (710 p.p.m.) CO(2) concentrations and with different N sources. Scots pine seedlings, colonized by one of five different ectomycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal fungi, received 70 muM N, either as NH(4)Cl or as alanine, in a liquid growth medium. Exudation of LMW organic acids (LMWOAs), dissolved monosaccharides and total dissolved organic carbon were determined. Both N and CO(2) had a significant impact on exudation, especially of LMWOAs. Exudation of LMWOAs was negatively affected by inorganic N and decreased by 30-85% compared with the organic N treatment, irrespective of the CO(2) treatment. Elevated CO(2) had a clear impact on the production of individual LMWOAs, although with very contrasting effects depending on which N source was supplied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M A Fransson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Selinger DW, Cheung KJ, Mei R, Johansson EM, Richmond CS, Blattner FR, Lockhart DJ, Church GM. RNA expression analysis using a 30 base pair resolution Escherichia coli genome array. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:1262-8. [PMID: 11101804 DOI: 10.1038/82367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a high-resolution "genome array" for the study of gene expression and regulation in Escherichia coli. This array contains on average one 25-mer oligonucleotide probe per 30 base pairs over the entire genome, with one every 6 bases for the intergenic regions and every 60 bases for the 4,290 open reading frames (ORFs). Twofold concentration differences can be detected at levels as low as 0.2 messenger RNA (mRNA) copies per cell, and differences can be seen over a dynamic range of three orders of magnitude. In rich medium we detected transcripts for 97% and 87% of the ORFs in stationary and log phases, respectively. We found that 1, 529 transcripts were differentially expressed under these conditions. As expected, genes involved in translation were expressed at higher levels in log phase, whereas many genes known to be involved in the starvation response were expressed at higher levels in stationary phase. Many previously unrecognized growth phase-regulated genes were identified, such as a putative receptor (b0836) and a 30S ribosomal protein subunit (S22), both of which are highly upregulated in stationary phase. Transcription of between 3,000 and 4,000 predicted ORFs was observed from the antisense strand, indicating that most of the genome is transcribed at a detectable level. Examples are also presented for high-resolution array analysis of transcript start and stop sites and RNA secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Selinger
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lawrence TW, Goodman DM, Johansson EM, Fitch JP. Speckle imaging of satellites at the U.S. Air Force Maui Optical Station. Appl Opt 1992; 31:6307-6321. [PMID: 20733846 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.006307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Results are presented from a series of experiments in which the U.S. Air Force Maui Optical Station's 1.6-m telescope and a bare CCD speckle camera system were used to image satellites at distances of up to 1000 km. A brief overview of the image reconstruction algorithms is presented. The choice of the experiment site and various imaging parameters are described. Power spectra and power spectral signal-to-noise ratio curves that result from imaging several point stars are compared with theory. Reconstructed images of several binary stars are shown as a base-line assessment of our technique. High-quality image reconstructions of an Earth-satellite, the Hubble Space Telescope, are presented. The results confirm that speckle imaging techniques can be used with a bare CCD imaging system to provide a powerful and flexible method for imaging objects of moderate magnitude.
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