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Cozzolino M, Ergun Y, Ristori E, Garg A, Imamoglu G, Seli E. Disruption of mitochondrial unfolded protein response results in telomere shortening in mouse oocytes and somatic cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2047-2060. [PMID: 38349865 PMCID: PMC10911389 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Caseinolytic peptidase P (CLPP) plays a central role in mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) by promoting the breakdown of misfolded proteins and setting in motion a cascade of reactions to re-establish protein homeostasis. Global germline deletion of Clpp in mice results in female infertility and accelerated follicular depletion. Telomeres are tandem repeats of 5'-TTAGGG-3' sequences found at the ends of the chromosomes. Telomeres are essential for maintaining chromosome stability during somatic cell division and their shortening is associated with cellular senescence and aging. In this study, we asked whether the infertility and ovarian aging phenotype caused by global germline deletion of Clpp is associated with somatic aging, and tested telomere length in tissues of young and aging mice. We found that impaired mtUPR caused by the lack of CLPP is associated with accelerated telomere shortening in both oocytes and somatic cells of aging mice. In addition, expression of several genes that maintain telomere integrity was decreased, and double-strand DNA breaks were increased in telomeric regions. Our results highlight how impaired mtUPR can affect telomere integrity and demonstrate a link between loss of mitochondrial protein hemostasis, infertility, and somatic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVIRMA Roma, Rome, Italy
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, Fundacion IVI-IIS la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yagmur Ergun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVIRMA New Jersey, Marlton, NJ 08053, USA
| | - Emma Ristori
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Akanksha Garg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gizem Imamoglu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
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2
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Ciccone V, Terzuoli E, Ristori E, Filippelli A, Ziche M, Morbidelli L, Donnini S. ALDH1A1 overexpression in melanoma cells promotes tumor angiogenesis by activating the IL‑8/Notch signaling cascade. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:99. [PMID: 35656893 PMCID: PMC9186295 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ALDH1A1 is a cytosolic enzyme upregulated in tumor cells, involved in detoxifying cells from reactive aldehydes and in acquiring resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Its expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes in a number of cancers, including melanoma. The present study hypothesized that the increased ALDH1A1 expression and activity upregulated the release of proangiogenic factors from melanoma cells, which regulate angiogenic features in endothelial cells (ECs) through a rearrangement of the Notch pathway. In vivo, when subcutaneously implanted in immunodeficient mice, ALDH1A1 overexpressing melanoma cells displayed a higher microvessel density. In a 3D multicellular system, obtained co‑culturing melanoma cancer cells with stromal cells, including ECs, melanoma ALDH1A1 overexpression induced the recruitment of ECs into the core of the tumorspheres. By using a genes array, overexpression of ALDH1A1 in tumor cells also promoted modulation of Notch cascade gene expression in ECs, suggesting an interaction between tumor cells and ECs mediated by enrichment of angiogenic factors in the tumor microenvironment. To confirm this hypothesis, inactivation of ALDH1A1 by the pharmacological inhibitor CM037 significantly affected the release of angiogenic factors, including IL‑8, from melanoma cells. High levels of ALDH1A1, through the retinoic acid pathway, regulated the activation of NF‑kB‑p65 and IL‑8. Further, in a 2D co‑culture system, the addition of an IL‑8 neutralizing antibody to ECs co‑cultured with melanoma cells forced to express ALDH1A1 dampened endothelial angiogenic features, both at the molecular (in terms of gene and protein expression of mediators of the Notch pathway) and at the functional level (proliferation, scratch assay, tube formation and permeability). In conclusion, these findings demonstrated the existence of a link between melanoma ALDH1A1 expression and EC Notch signaling modification that results in a pro‑angiogenic phenotype. Based on the crucial role of ALDH1A1 in melanoma control of the tumor microenvironment, the enzyme seems a promising target for the development of novel drugs able to interrupt the cross‑talk between cancer (stem) cells and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Erika Terzuoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | | | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena I‑53100, Italy
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Corti F, Ristori E, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Zhang J, Mihailovic J, Zhuang ZW, Simons M. Syndecan-2 selectively regulates VEGF-induced vascular permeability. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2022; 1:518-528. [PMID: 36212522 PMCID: PMC9544384 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- driven increase in vascular permeability is a key feature of many disease states associated with inflammation and ischemic injury, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in these settings. Despite its importance, no specific regulators that preferentially control VEGF-dependent increase in permeability versus its other biological activities, have been identified. Here we report that a proteoglycan Syndecan-2 (Sdc2) regulates the interaction between a transmembrane phosphatase DEP1 and VEGFR2 by controlling cell surface levels of DEP1. In the absence of Sdc2 or the presence of an antibody that blocks Sdc2-DEP1 interaction, increased plasma membrane DEP1 levels promote selective dephosphorylation of the VEGFR2 Y951 site that is involved in permeability control. Either an endothelial-specific Sdc2 deletion or a treatment with an anti-Sdc2 antibody result in a highly significant reduction in stroke size due to a decrease in intracerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - E Ristori
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - F Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - D Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J Mihailovic
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - ZW Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - M. Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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4
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Barak T, Ristori E, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Miyagishima DF, Nelson-Williams C, Dong W, Jin SC, Prendergast A, Armero W, Henegariu O, Erson-Omay EZ, Harmancı AS, Guy M, Gültekin B, Kilic D, Rai DK, Goc N, Aguilera SM, Gülez B, Altinok S, Ozcan K, Yarman Y, Coskun S, Sempou E, Deniz E, Hintzen J, Cox A, Fomchenko E, Jung SW, Ozturk AK, Louvi A, Bilgüvar K, Connolly ES, Khokha MK, Kahle KT, Yasuno K, Lifton RP, Mishra-Gorur K, Nicoli S, Günel M. PPIL4 is essential for brain angiogenesis and implicated in intracranial aneurysms in humans. Nat Med 2021; 27:2165-2175. [PMID: 34887573 PMCID: PMC8768030 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that often causes death or severe disability. Although genome-wide association studies have identified common genetic variants that increase IA risk moderately, the contribution of variants with large effect remains poorly defined. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified significant enrichment of rare, deleterious mutations in PPIL4, encoding peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like 4, in both familial and index IA cases. Ppil4 depletion in vertebrate models causes intracerebral hemorrhage, defects in cerebrovascular morphology and impaired Wnt signaling. Wild-type, but not IA-mutant, PPIL4 potentiates Wnt signaling by binding JMJD6, a known angiogenesis regulator and Wnt activator. These findings identify a novel PPIL4-dependent Wnt signaling mechanism involved in brain-specific angiogenesis and maintenance of cerebrovascular integrity and implicate PPIL4 gene mutations in the pathogenesis of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyeri Barak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emma Ristori
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Danielle F Miyagishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William Armero
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Octavian Henegariu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akdes Serin Harmancı
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikhael Guy
- Yale Center for Research Computing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Batur Gültekin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deniz Kilic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Devendra K Rai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nükte Goc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Burcu Gülez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Selin Altinok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kent Ozcan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanki Yarman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Süleyman Coskun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Sempou
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Engin Deniz
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared Hintzen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Cox
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena Fomchenko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Su Woong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ali Kemal Ozturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaya Bilgüvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhito Yasuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ketu Mishra-Gorur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Cozzolino M, Imamoglu G, Ristori E, Seli E. MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION CAUSED BY TARGETED DELETION OF CLPP Results IN TELOMERE SHORTENING IN OOCYTES AND SOMATIC CELLS. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ristori E, Cicaloni V, Salvini L, Tinti L, Tinti C, Simons M, Corti F, Donnini S, Ziche M. Amyloid-β Precursor Protein APP Down-Regulation Alters Actin Cytoskeleton-Interacting Proteins in Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112506. [PMID: 33228083 PMCID: PMC7699411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitous membrane protein often associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Despite its role in the development of the pathogenesis, APP exerts several physiological roles that have been mainly investigated in neuronal tissue. To date, the role of APP in vasculature and endothelial cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used molecular and proteomic approaches to identify and investigate major cellular targets of APP down-regulation in endothelial cells. We found that APP is necessary for endothelial cells proliferation, migration and adhesion. The loss of APP alters focal adhesion stability and cell-cell junctions' expression. Moreover, APP is necessary to mediate endothelial response to the VEGF-A growth factor. Finally, we document that APP propagates exogenous stimuli and mediates cellular response in endothelial cells by modulating the Scr/FAK signaling pathway. Thus, the intact expression and processing of APP is required for normal endothelial function. The identification of molecular mechanisms responsible for vasoprotective properties of endothelial APP may have an impact on clinical efforts to preserve and protect healthy vasculature in patients at risk of the development of cerebrovascular disease and dementia including AD and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Vittoria Cicaloni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Salvini
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Tinti
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristina Tinti
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (M.S.); (F.C.)
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Federico Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
| | - Marina Ziche
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
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Ristori E, Donnini S, Ziche M. New Insights Into Blood-Brain Barrier Maintenance: The Homeostatic Role of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein in Cerebral Vasculature. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1056. [PMID: 32973564 PMCID: PMC7481479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular homeostasis is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective structure that separates the peripheral blood circulation from the brain and protects the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation of BBB function is the precursor of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), both related to β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and deposition. The origin of BBB dysfunction before and/or during CAA and AD onset is not known. Several studies raise the possibility that vascular dysfunction could be an early step in these diseases and could even precede significant Aβ deposition. Though accumulation of neuron-derived Aβ peptides is considered the primary influence driving AD and CAA pathogenesis, recent studies highlighted the importance of the physiological role of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in endothelial cell homeostasis, suggesting a potential role of this protein in maintaining vascular stability. In this review, we will discuss the physiological function of APP and its cleavage products in the vascular endothelium. We further suggest how loss of APP homeostatic regulation in the brain vasculature could lead toward pathological outcomes in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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8
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Bedek J, Taiti S, Bilandžija H, Ristori E, Baratti M. Molecular and taxonomic analyses in troglobiotic Alpioniscus (Illyrionethes) species from the Dinaric Karst (Isopoda: Trichoniscidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Species richness of terrestrial isopods is high in caves of the Dinaric Karst, which hosts ~10% of the world’s nominal oniscidean troglobionts. The most widespread taxon is the southern European genus Alpioniscus, which consists of two subgenera: Alpioniscus s.s. and Illyrionethes. Before this study, 14 nominal troglobiotic Illyrionethes taxa were recorded from the Dinaric Karst. Our molecular analyses using two mitochnodrial DNA (16S rRNA and COI) fragments and a nuclear gene (H3) fragment on all known Dinaric taxa identified three distinct lineages: strasseri-, heroldi- and magnus-lineage. Our results confirmed the validity of most nominal species. The exceptions are Alpioniscus balthasari, which consists of two different species including Alpioniscus iapodicus, and Alpioniscus heroldi, which is paraphyletic with respect to Alpioniscus bosniensis. The strasseri-lineage was highly supported by all phylogenetic methods used; therefore, we performed a detailed morphological analysis to distinguish and characterize the species of this group. New morphological characters, such as body part ratios, are proposed for future species identification. In addition, we redescribe three known species (Alpioniscus strasseri, Alpioniscus christiani and Alpioniscus balthasari) and describe two new ones (Alpioniscus hirci sp. nov. and Alpioniscus velebiticus sp. nov.). As a result, 15 nominal species of Illyrionethes are currently known from the Dinaric Karst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bedek
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stefano Taiti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia ‘La Specola’, Florence, Italy
| | - Helena Bilandžija
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Croatia
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emma Ristori
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources IBBR, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariella Baratti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources IBBR, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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Kasper DM, Moro A, Ristori E, Narayanan A, Hill-Teran G, Fleming E, Moreno-Mateos M, Vejnar CE, Zhang J, Lee D, Gu M, Gerstein M, Giraldez A, Nicoli S. MicroRNAs Establish Uniform Traits during the Architecture of Vertebrate Embryos. Dev Cell 2017; 40:552-565.e5. [PMID: 28350988 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proper functioning of an organism requires cells and tissues to behave in uniform, well-organized ways. How this optimum of phenotypes is achieved during the development of vertebrates is unclear. Here, we carried out a multi-faceted and single-cell resolution screen of zebrafish embryonic blood vessels upon mutagenesis of single and multi-gene microRNA (miRNA) families. We found that embryos lacking particular miRNA-dependent signaling pathways develop a vascular trait similar to wild-type, but with a profound increase in phenotypic heterogeneity. Aberrant trait variance in miRNA mutant embryos uniquely sensitizes their vascular system to environmental perturbations. We discovered a previously unrecognized role for specific vertebrate miRNAs to protect tissue development against phenotypic variability. This discovery marks an important advance in our comprehension of how miRNAs function in the development of higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionna M Kasper
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Albertomaria Moro
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Emma Ristori
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Anand Narayanan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Guillermina Hill-Teran
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fleming
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Miguel Moreno-Mateos
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Charles E Vejnar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mengting Gu
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Antonio Giraldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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10
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Abstract
The zebrafish is a highly relevant model organism for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neurogenesis and brain regeneration in vertebrates. However, an in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying zebrafish adult neurogenesis has been limited due to the lack of a reliable protocol for isolating and culturing neural adult stem/progenitor cells. Here we provide a reproducible method to examine adult neurogenesis using a neurosphere assay derived from zebrafish whole brain or from the telencephalon, tectum and cerebellum regions of the adult zebrafish brain. The protocol involves, first the microdissection of zebrafish adult brain, then single cell dissociation and isolation of self-renewing multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells. The entire procedure takes eight days. Additionally, we describe how to manipulate gene expression in zebrafish neurospheres, which will be particularly useful to test the role of specific signaling pathways during adult neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Lopez-Ramirez
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Charles-Félix Calvo
- APHP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Université Pierre and Marie Curie
| | - Emma Ristori
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University
| | - Jean-Léon Thomas
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University; APHP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Université Pierre and Marie Curie
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University;
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11
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Abstract
The zebrafish is an excellent animal model to study the formation of the vertebrate vascular network. The small size, the optical translucency, and the ability to model endothelial-specific fluorescent transgenic lines in the zebrafish embryo had facilitate, in the past 10 years, the direct visualization of vessels formation and remodeling. Furthermore, zebrafish is an excellent disease model such as for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a human neurovascular degenerative disease, caused by Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides deposition around brain microvessels, and characterized by vascular brain degenerative changes. By using the zebrafish model, we investigated the effect of Aβ peptides treatment in vessel formation during embryogenesis. We showed that the defects in the vascular remodeling and senescence can be detected, respectively, via staining for alkaline phosphatase activity and β-galactosidase or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 expression. We demonstrated that treating zebrafish embryos with these oxidative peptides reduces angiogenesis and promotes premature vascular senescence. In this chapter, we will describe the methods to reveal both angiogenesis and senescence defects upon Aβ peptides treatment of the zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Florence, Italy.
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12
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Fortuna V, Pardanaud L, Brunet I, Ola R, Ristori E, Santoro MM, Nicoli S, Eichmann A. Vascular Mural Cells Promote Noradrenergic Differentiation of Embryonic Sympathetic Neurons. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1786-96. [PMID: 26074079 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system controls smooth muscle tone and heart rate in the cardiovascular system. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons (SNs) develop in close proximity to the dorsal aorta (DA) and innervate visceral smooth muscle targets. Here, we use the zebrafish embryo to ask whether the DA is required for SN development. We show that noradrenergic (NA) differentiation of SN precursors temporally coincides with vascular mural cell (VMC) recruitment to the DA and vascular maturation. Blocking vascular maturation inhibits VMC recruitment and blocks NA differentiation of SN precursors. Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling prevents VMC differentiation and also blocks NA differentiation of SN precursors. NA differentiation is normal in cloche mutants that are devoid of endothelial cells but have VMCs. Thus, PDGFR-mediated mural cell recruitment mediates neurovascular interactions between the aorta and sympathetic precursors and promotes their noradrenergic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Fortuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Luc Pardanaud
- CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - Isabelle Brunet
- CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - Roxana Ola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Emma Ristori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; VIB Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris 75005, France; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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13
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Ristori E, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Narayanan A, Hill-Teran G, Moro A, Calvo CF, Thomas JL, Nicoli S. A Dicer-miR-107 Interaction Regulates Biogenesis of Specific miRNAs Crucial for Neurogenesis. Dev Cell 2015; 32:546-60. [PMID: 25662174 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dicer controls the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs) and is essential for neurogenesis. Recent reports show that the levels and substrate selectivity of DICER result in the preferential biogenesis of specific miRNAs in vitro. However, how dicer expression levels and miRNA biogenesis are regulated in vivo and how this affects neurogenesis is incompletely understood. Here we show that during zebrafish hindbrain development dicer expression levels are controlled by miR-107 to tune the biogenesis of specific miRNAs, such as miR-9, whose levels regulate neurogenesis. Loss of miR-107 function stabilizes dicer levels and miR-9 biogenesis across the ventricular hindbrain zone, resulting in an increase of both proliferating progenitors and postmitotic neurons. miR-9 ectopic accumulation in differentiating neuronal cells recapitulated the excessive neurogenesis phenotype. We propose that miR-107 modulation of dicer levels in differentiating neuronal cells is required to maintain the homeostatic levels of specific miRNAs, whose precise accumulation is essential for neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Anand Narayanan
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Guillermina Hill-Teran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Albertomaria Moro
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Charles-Félix Calvo
- University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, UMR S975, Paris 75651, France; INSERM/CNRS U-1127/UMR-7225, Paris 75651, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris 75651, France
| | - Jean-Léon Thomas
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, UMR S975, Paris 75651, France; INSERM/CNRS U-1127/UMR-7225, Paris 75651, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris 75651, France
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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14
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Baratti M, Dessì-Fulgheri F, Ambrosini R, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Caprioli M, Goti E, Matteo A, Monnanni R, Ragionieri L, Ristori E, Romano M, Rubolini D, Scialpi A, Saino N. MHC genotype predicts mate choice in the ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1531-42. [PMID: 22591334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Females of several vertebrate species selectively mate with males on the basis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. As androgen-mediated maternal effects have long-lasting consequences for the adult phenotype, both mating and reproductive success may depend on the combined effect of MHC genotype and exposure to androgens during early ontogeny. We studied how MHC-based mate choice in ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) was influenced by an experimental in ovo testosterone (T) increase. There was no conclusive evidence of in ovo T treatment differentially affecting mate choice in relation to MHC genotype. However, females avoided mating with males with a wholly different MHC genotype compared with males sharing at least one MHC allele. Females also tended to avoid mating with MHC-identical males, though not significantly so. These findings suggest that female pheasants preferred males with intermediate MHC dissimilarity. Male MHC heterozygosity or diversity did not predict the expression of ornaments or male dominance rank. Thus, MHC-based mating preferences in the ring-necked pheasant do not seem to be mediated by ornaments' expression and may have evolved mainly to reduce the costs of high heterozygosity at MHC loci for the progeny, such as increased risk of autoimmune diseases or disruption of coadapted gene pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baratti
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, Sesto Fiorentino, via Madonna del Piano 10, Florence, Italy.
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15
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Capalbo C, Ricevuto E, Vestri A, Ristori E, Sidoni T, Buffone O, Adamo B, Cortesi E, Marchetti P, Scambia G, Tomao S, Rinaldi C, Zani M, Ferraro S, Frati L, Screpanti I, Gulino A, Giannini G. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing in Italian breast and/or ovarian cancer families: mutation spectrum and prevalence and analysis of mutation prediction models. Ann Oncol 2006; 17 Suppl 7:vii34-40. [PMID: 16760289 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is an extremely complex disease, characterized by a progressive multistep process caused by interactions of both genetic and non-genetic factors. A combination of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations appears responsible for about 20%-30% of the cases with breast cancer familial history. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations largely varies within different populations; in particular, the rate of mutations in Italian breast and/or ovarian cancer families is rather controversial and ranges from 8% to 37%. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of the 152 breast/ovarian cancer families counseled in our centre, 99 were selected for BRCA1/2 mutation screening according to our minimal criteria. The entire coding sequences and each intron/exon boundary of BRCA1/2 genes were screened by direct sequencing (PTT limited to BRCA1 exon 11). For each proband, the a priori probability of carrying a pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline mutation was calculated by means of different mutation prediction models (BRCApro, IC and Myriad Table) in order to evaluate their performances. RESULTS Our analysis resulted in the identification of 25 and 52 variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively. Seventeen of them represent novel variants, including four deleterious truncating mutations in the BRCA2 gene (472insA, E33X, C1630X and IVS6+1G>C). Twenty-seven of the 99 probands harbored BRCA1 (n = 15) and BRCA2 (n = 12) pathogenic germline mutations, indicating an overall detection rate of 27.3% and increasing by more than 15% the spectrum of mutations in the Italian population. Furthermore, we found the lowest detection rate (19.4%) in pure hereditary breast cancer family subset. All of the prediction models showed praises and faults, with the IC software being extremely sensitive but poorly specific, compared to BRCApro. In particular all models accumulated most false-negative prediction in the HBC subset. Interestingly preliminary results of a study addressing the presence of genomic rearrangements in HBC probands with BRCApro or IC prediction scores >/=95%, provided evidence for additional mutations undetectable with our conventional screening for point mutations. CONCLUSIONS Altogether our results suggest that HBC families, the largest pool in our series, represent an heterogeneous group where the apparently faulty performances of the prediction models might be at least partially explained by the presence of additional kinds of BRCA1/2 alteration (such as genomic rearrangements) or by mutations on different breast cancer related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Capalbo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
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16
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Giannini G, Kim CJ, Di Marcotullio L, Manfioletti G, Cardinali B, Cerignoli F, Ristori E, Zani M, Frati L, Screpanti I, Guilino A. Expression of the HMGI(Y) gene products in human neuroblastic tumours correlates with differentiation status. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:1503-9. [PMID: 11076660 PMCID: PMC2363413 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGI and HMGY are splicing variants of the HMGI(Y) gene and together with HMGI-C, belong to a family of DNA binding proteins involved in maintaining active chromatin conformation and in the regulation of gene transcription. The expression of the HMGI(Y) gene is maximal during embryonic development, declines in adult differentiated tissues and is reactivated in most transformed cells in vitro and in many human cancers in vivo. The HMGI(Y) genomic locus is frequently rearranged in mesenchymal tumours, suggesting a biological role for HMGI(Y) gene products in tumour biology. HMGIs are both target and modulators of retinoic acid activity. In fact, HMGI(Y) gene expression is differentially regulated by retinoic acid in retinoid-sensitive and -resistant neuroblastoma cells, while HMGI-C participates in conferring retinoic acid resistance in some neuroblastoma cells. In this paper we show that HMGI and HMGY isoforms are equally regulated by retinoic acid in neuroblastoma cell lines at both RNA and protein levels. More importantly our immunohistochemical analysis shows that, although HMGI(Y) is expressed in all neuroblastic tumours, consistently higher levels are observed in less differentiated neuroblastomas compared to more differentiated ganglioneuromas, indicating that HMGI(Y) expression should be evaluated as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in neuroblastic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome 00161, Italy
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17
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Giannini G, Di Marcotullio L, Ristori E, Zani M, Crescenzi M, Scarpa S, Piaggio G, Vacca A, Peverali FA, Diana F, Screpanti I, Frati L, Gulino A. HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C genes are expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumors and affect retinoic acid responsiveness. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2484-92. [PMID: 10344762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
HMGI-C and HMGI(Y) are architectural DNA-binding proteins that participate in the conformational regulation of active chromatin. Their pattern of expression in embryonal and adult tissues, the analysis of the "pygmy" phenotype induced by the inactivation of the HMGI-C gene, and their frequent qualitative or quantitative alteration in experimental and human tumors indicate their pivotal role in the control of cell growth, differentiation, and tumorigenesis in several tissues representative of the epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic lineages. In contrast, very little information is available on their expression and function in neural cells. Here, we investigated the expression of the HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C genes in neuroblastoma (NB), a tumor arising from an alteration of the normal differentiation of neural crest-derived cells and in embryonal and adult adrenal tissue. Although HMGI(Y) is constitutively expressed in the embryonal and adult adrenal gland and in all of the NB cell lines and ex vivo tumors examined, its regulation appears to be associated to growth inhibition and differentiation because we observed that HMGI(Y) expression is reduced by retinoic acid (RA) in several NB cell lines that are induced to differentiate into postmitotic neurons, whereas it is up-regulated by RA in cells that fail to differentiate. Furthermore, the decrease of HMGI(Y) expression observed in RA-induced growth arrest and differentiation is abrogated in cells that have been made insensitive to this drug by NMYC overexpression. In contrast, HMGI-C expression is down-regulated during the development of the adrenal gland, completely absent in the adult individual, and only detectable in a subset of ex vivo NB tumors and in RA-resistant NB cell lines. We provide evidence of a causal link between HMGI-C expression and resistance to the growth arrest induced by RA in NB cell lines because exogenous HMGI-C expression in HMGI-C-negative and RA-sensitive cells is sufficient to convert them into RA-resistant cells. Therefore, we suggest that HMGI-C and HMGI(Y) may participate in growth- and differentiation-related tumor progression events of neuroectodermal derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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