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Kirabira J, Kagoya EK, Mpagi J, Atala CE, Ndamanywa K, Okibure A, Kibuuka R, Katongole F, Wandabwa J. Burden of alcohol and other substance use and correlates among undergraduate students at Busitema University in rural Eastern Uganda after COVID-19 lockdown. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6194. [PMID: 38486017 PMCID: PMC10940298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Use of alcohol and other substances remains a major health concern among higher learning institutions. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of alcohol and other substance use among students at Busitema University in Eastern Uganda. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 658 undergraduate students using a questionnaire consisting of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Tool and participant sociodemographic and clinical factors. Logistic regression was used to explore the associations. Two hundred sixty-five (40.3%) students reported ever using alcohol and 158 (24.0%) had used in last 3 months. Seventy-four (11.2%) students reported ever use of other substances including tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants sedatives and hallucinogens and 36 (5.5%) had used within the recent 3 months. After controlling for potential confounders, recent alcohol use was associated with engaging in romantic relationship (odd ratio (OR) = 1.9, P value (P) = 0.045) while having chronic medical conditions was protective (OR = 0.3, P = 0.031). On the other hand, recent use of other substances was 7 times higher among males (OR = 7.0, P = 0.008) compared to females while fourth year of study was protective (OR = 0.05, P = 0.011). Although alcohol use is a worsening challenge among university students, use of other substances is also highly prevalent after COVID-19 lockdown. There is need for universities to identify students with above factors and design interventions to address them in order to prevent the likely undesirable outcomes of alcohol and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kirabira
- Department of Psychiatry, Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda.
| | - Enid Kawala Kagoya
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Joseph Mpagi
- Deans Office, Department of Academics, Research and Innovation, Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Christine Etoko Atala
- Department of Anaesthesia, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Kalisiti Ndamanywa
- Directorate of Graduate Studies, Research and Innovations, Busitema University, P.O. Box 1460, Busia, Uganda
| | - Ambrose Okibure
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Ronald Kibuuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Fauz Katongole
- Department of Pathology, Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Julius Wandabwa
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
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Umphrey L, Beck A, Zhou S, Kagoya EK, Paasi G, Coria A, Evert J, Haque M, Rule A, Lamb MM. Access, interest and equity considerations for virtual global health activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Res Policy 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38317192 PMCID: PMC10845763 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global health activities (GHAs) reduce health disparities by promoting medical education, professional development, and resource sharing between high- and low- to middle-income countries (HICs and LMICs). Virtual global health activities facilitated continuity and bidirectionality in global health during the COVID-19 pandemic. While virtual engagement holds potential for promoting equity within partnerships, research on equitable access to and interest in virtual global health activities is limited. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, online, mixed-methods survey from January to February 2022 examining access to virtual activities before and during the pandemic across resource settings. Eligible participants were participants or facilitators of global health activities. Closed- and open-ended questions elicited participants' access to and interest in virtual global health engagement. RESULTS We analyzed 265 surveys from respondents in 45 countries (43.0% LMIC vs. HIC 57.0%). HIC respondents tended to report greater loss of in-person access due to the pandemic at their own institutions (16 of 17 queried GHAs), while LMIC respondents tended to report greater loss of in-person activities at another institution (9 of 17 queried GHAs). Respondents from LMICs were more likely to gain virtual access through another organization for all 17 queried VGHAs. HIC respondents had significantly more access to global health funding through their own organization (p < 0.01) and more flexibility for using funds. There were significant differences and trends between respondent groups in different resource environments in terms of accessibility to and interest in different virtual global health activities, both during and after the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the need to examine accessibility to virtual global health activities within partnerships between high- and low- to middle-income countries. While virtual activities may bridge existing gaps in global health education and partnerships, further study on priorities and agenda setting for such initiatives, with special attention to power dynamics and structural barriers, are necessary to ensure meaningful virtual global health engagement moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Umphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E 16th Ave, B302, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13199 E Montview Blvd, Ste 310, A090, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Alyssa Beck
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, 13199 E Montview Blvd, Ste 310, A090, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Department of Communication Studies, School of Communication and System Health Lab, Hong Kong Baptist University, No. 5 Hereford Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Enid Kawala Kagoya
- Department of Community Health, Institute of Public Health, Busitema University, P.O Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Plot 29, 33 Pallisa, Mbale, Uganda
| | - George Paasi
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Plot 29, 33 Pallisa, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Alexandra Coria
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Children's Hospital and SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Jessica Evert
- Child Family Health International, 11135 San Pablo Ave #929, El Cerrito, CA, 94530, USA
| | - Marina Haque
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Amy Rule
- Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13199 E Montview Blvd, Ste 310, A090, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, 13199 E Montview Blvd, Ste 310, A090, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Sembajwe FL, Namaganda A, Nfambi J, Muwonge H, Katamba G, Nakato R, Nabachenje P, Kawala Kagoya E, Namubamba A, Kiggundu D, Bitek B, Kalyesubula R, Iputo J. Dietary intake, body composition and micronutrient profile of patients on maintenance hemodialysis attending Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Uganda: A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291813. [PMID: 37856499 PMCID: PMC10586598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients on maintenance hemodialysis are at a great risk for altered nutritional status, characterized by protein energy wasting and micronutrient deficiency due to medication interactions and dietary restrictions. This study determined the dietary intake, micronutrient profile and body composition of patients on maintenance hemodialysis at Kiruddu National referral hospital (KNRH), Uganda. A cross sectional study was done among adult CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy at KNRH. Data concerning patients' demographics, clinical history and dietary intake was obtained using interactive and quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Body composition was obtained using the TANITA BC-351, Japan weighing Bathroom scale and anthropometric measurements using standard methods and procedures. Serum micronutrient profile assessment was done using the COBAS Auto analyzer. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software version 20. T-test was used to make comparisons and logistic regression analysis was done to check for any correlations. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 63 hemodialysis patients, 38% were female, with a median duration of hemodialysis of 12 months and the overall age range of patients was 31-40 years. Majority (92.1%) of the patients had hypertension. Carbohydrates like maize flour were highly consumed, in addition to eggs among the proteins on the daily basis. Fruits and vegetables were not highly consumed. Regarding body composition; 75% of the study participants had normal Body mass Index (BMI), the mean muscle mass was 51.94±8.68, body fat was 15.25±7.35, bone mass was 2.77±0.46 and body water was 62.04±9.06. Patients had deranged micronutrient levels especially for Vitamin D, Potassium and phosphorus. In conclusion, hemodialysis patients at KNRH, have altered nutritional status as evidenced by altered body weight for some patients and deranged micronutrient levels. We recommend that hemodialysis patients should be regularly assessed for nutritional status, appropriately treated and educated about their nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Lawrence Sembajwe
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Agnes Namaganda
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joshua Nfambi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Katamba
- Department of Physiology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ritah Nakato
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Prossy Nabachenje
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Enid Kawala Kagoya
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Annet Namubamba
- Department of Public Health, School of public Health Kololo Annex, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Daniel Kiggundu
- Department of Medicine, Dialysis Unit, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Bitek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Jehu Iputo
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Atoku AC, Nekaka R, Kagoya EK, Ssenyonga LVN, Iramiot JS, Tegu C. Psycho-social challenges faced by caretakers of children and adolescents aged 0-19 years with sickle cell disease admitted in a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 69:e21-e31. [PMID: 36463013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families of children and adolescents living with sickle cell disease face several challenges ranging from psycho-social to social-economic challenges. This study aimed to explore psycho-social challenges experienced by caretakers of children and adolescents aged 0-19 years with SCD and the various coping mechanisms. METHODS A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was carried out among caregivers of children with SCD who were admitted to the pediatric wards of the Mbale Regional Referral Hospital from September 2019 to November 2019. A total of 333 participants were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire and 11 in-depth interviews were conducted. RESULTS Most participants 285(85.59%) reported that they experienced psychological challenges and almost all the participants in this study 297(89.19%) experienced social challenges during the care of their patients. Only 36(10.81%) reported not experiencing any social challenges. Almost all the participants reported coping with the situation in various ways of which, 296(88.89%) used acceptance, 9(2.7%) still lived in denial, while 9(2.7%) used talking with others and getting counseled to reduce the intensity of the feelings experienced. Three themes were generated from the in-depth interviews; knowledge of the child's health condition; common symptoms and care, the experience of psycho-social challenges, and coping strategies. CONCLUSION Sickle cell disease has affected two sets of people; the people living with the disease and those who are caring for their loved ones. Being conscious of this will help health practitioners to be more empathetic to patients and caregivers when treating people living with sickle cell disease. The biggest proportion of caretakers of children and adolescents 0-19 years experienced psycho-social challenges. The main coping strategy used by the caretakers was acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Nekaka
- Department of Community Health, Division of Community Based Education and Research Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
| | - Enid Kawala Kagoya
- Department of Community Health, Division of Community Based Education and Research Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
| | - Lydia V N Ssenyonga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
| | - Jacob Stanley Iramiot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda.
| | - Crispus Tegu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
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Naloli M, Ssenyonga LV, Kagoya EK, Nteziyaremye J, Nekaka R. KANGAROO MOTHER CARE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCES OF MOTHERS OF PRETERM NEONATES IN A TERTIARY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN EASTERN UGANDA. Int J Res Health Sci Nurs 2021; 7:1890. [PMID: 36817802 PMCID: PMC9938524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Globally, neonatal deaths continues to be a challenge especially to to attainment of sustainable development goal 3. About 4 million neonatal deaths per year, with 99% of the deaths occurring in low and middle resource countries, 75% of these occurring in the first week of life. Prematurity remains an indirect leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Uganda's progress on the improvement of perinatal morbidity and mortality has largely stagnated at 27 deaths per 1,000 live births from the year 2006. One of the cost-effective readily available interventions that would curtail perinatal mortality is kangaroo mother care(KMC)- a low tech four decades old intervention. However challenges about its implementation persist on in Uganda despite intensified implementation and roll-out startegies in 2010. This study, the first of its kind to the best of our knowledge in eastern Uganda sought to find the facilitators and barriers of KMC. Materials and methods This was a qualitative study using in-depth interviews(IDI) carried out at a tertiary university teaching hospital. Twenty IDIs were carried out among mothers/caretakers using the phenomena theory. After each IDI, each transcript was analyzed by two researchers working independently using NVIVO software version 11 plus (QSR International, Burlington, Massachusetts) and themes and subthemes developed. Results Majority of mothers/caretakers, were adolescents and young adults and primiparous at 55%. The major facilitators to KMC were supportive staff that facilitated positive attitude, ability to substitute provider and family support.The major barriers were lack of family support, lack of male involvement, maternal stress and poor health and multiple gender roles, infrastructural challenges, and misconceptions associated with preterm births such as early sexual intercourse and lack of herbal medicine use. Conclusion More facility leadership involvement and engagement of mothers during antenatal, community and promotion of male involvement in sexual and reproductive health matters will improve uptake of KMC. This can be spearheadded by sexual and reproductive health, and neonatal and child health care service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Naloli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Busitema University
| | | | - Enid Kawala Kagoya
- Department of of Community and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Busitema University
| | - Julius Nteziyaremye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences Busitema University,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Uganda Cancer Institute(UCI),Corresponding author; Julius Nteziyaremye, jntezigmail.com, +256 706614213
| | - Rebecca Nekaka
- Department of of Community and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Busitema University
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Kagoya EK, Royen KV, Waako P, Royen PV, Iramiot JS, Obakiro SB, Kostyanev T, Anthierens S. Experiences and views of healthcare professionals on the prescription of antibiotics in Eastern Uganda: A qualitative study. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:66-71. [PMID: 33667701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the experiences and views of healthcare professionals on antibiotic prescription in Eastern Uganda. METHODS This was an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Participants included 16 healthcare professionals from Mbale and Soroti Regional Referral Hospitals. Additionally, two workshops were held (one in each hospital) with a total of 56 healthcare professionals to discuss the findings. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Healthcare professionals' prescriptions are influenced by (i) healthcare workers' perceptions and practices, (ii) patients' perceptions and beliefs, and (iii) contextual factors. Healthcare workers' prescriptions depend on the presence of bacterial infection and the severity of the condition, the availability and cost of medication, previous experience with antibiotic prescribing, patient characteristics, and trial and error. They also have limited knowledge and share little information on the use of antibiotics with patients. Patient factors included demand for a particular antibiotic, inability to afford expensive drugs, and limited knowledge about antibiotic use and resistance. Contextual factors that contributed to antibiotic prescribing were an overburdened healthcare system, the influence of pharmaceutical companies and pharmacies, the use of (treatment) guidelines, and difficulties with laboratory services. CONCLUSION This study showed that healthcare professionals are aware of the problem of antibiotic resistance but do not feel ownership of the problem. Instead, they rather blame the overburdened system, local drug shops, pharmacies, drug representatives and patients. There is a need for a multisectoral and holistic approach toward fighting antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid Kawala Kagoya
- Department of Community and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda.
| | - Kathleen Van Royen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Communication Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Waako
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
| | - Paul Van Royen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacob Stanley Iramiot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
| | - Samuel Baker Obakiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
| | - Tomislav Kostyanev
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sibyl Anthierens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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