1
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Dao KD, Gisselman AS, Siegel MB, Hegedus EJ, Wooten LC. Firearm Violence as a Public Health Crisis: A Call to Action for Physical Therapists. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzad143. [PMID: 37839055 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Dao
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael B Siegel
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liana C Wooten
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Mulligan EP, Hegedus EJ, Foucrier J, Dickson T. Influences of Financial and Workplace Factors on Physical Therapist Job Satisfaction. Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad093. [PMID: 37440453 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The physical therapist labor market has recently noted higher rates of turnover and job vacancies. An understudied factor contributing to these trends in the profession is job satisfaction. The profession continues to experience relatively low wages compared with other health professions, and graduates of Doctor of Physical Therapy programs face increasingly high student debt. This study used the labor-search model as a conceptual framework to understand associations between job satisfaction, income, and educational debt. The purpose of this study is to observe the financial and workplace factors that are associated with higher levels of physical therapist job satisfaction. METHODS Data from 4764 physical therapists in 1 state were captured retrospectively through the state's licensure renewal process from 2014 to 2020. A random effects panel analysis, with job satisfaction as the dependent variable, was used to evaluate the relationships between job satisfaction and income, educational debt, and a variety of work-related factors. RESULTS Job satisfaction was negatively correlated with educational debt, number of hours worked per week, and some practice settings. Conversely, job satisfaction was positively correlated with the expected age of retirement. The percentage of time spent in research and administration was also positively correlated with job satisfaction, though additional research in this area is needed to draw meaningful conclusions on this association. CONCLUSION The results support the conceptual framework, which suggests that early career physical therapists, motivated by high amounts of educational debt, may choose more financially advantageous practice settings and increased working hours to the detriment of job satisfaction. IMPACT High levels of job satisfaction among physical therapists are correlated with low levels of educational debt, working 45 hours or less per week, a longer time horizon until retirement, and practice settings other than home health and skilled nursing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Mulligan
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey Foucrier
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tara Dickson
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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3
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Dickson T, Mulligan EP, Hegedus EJ. Impacts of educational debt on physical therapist employment trends. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:459. [PMID: 37340406 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newly graduated physical therapists have high amounts of educational debt. Educational debt may negatively affect job satisfaction, aspirations for professional development, and choice of workplace setting. Research has not shown this association directly, yet it is conceptually supported by the Labor-Search Model. The purpose of this study was to understand the role that educational debt has on additional factors related to job choice in the Labor-Search Model. METHODS Retrospective data were captured through the Virginia Longitudinal Data System (VLDS) for 12,594 licensed physical therapists within the Commonwealth of Virginia from 2014 to 2020. A fixed effects panel analysis, with inflation-adjusted educational debt as the variable of interest, was conducted to assess whether patterns of professional certifications, volume of work, workplace setting, and job satisfaction were related to educational debt. RESULTS Educational debt was positively correlated with higher professional degrees (p = 0.009), the number of hours worked per week (p = 0.049), and expected number of years until retirement (p = 0.013). Job satisfaction was statistically significant (p = 0.042) and negatively correlated with educational debt. CONCLUSIONS Those with higher educational debt appear to have the habit of working more hours per week and have a longer time horizon until retirement. Newly licensed physical therapists with higher amounts of educational debt are more likely to experience this trend. Income and job satisfaction demonstrated an interaction effect on educational debt, such that those with lower levels of income had a stronger, negative relationship between their debt and job satisfaction, as compared to those with higher income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Dickson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 101 E Washington Street, Suite 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Edward P Mulligan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 101 E Washington Street, Suite 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 101 E Washington Street, Suite 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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4
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Hegedus EJ, Mulligan EP, Beer BA, Gisselman AS, Wooten LC, Stern BD. How Advancement in Bone Science Should Inform the Examination and Treatment of Femoral Shaft Bone Stress Injuries in Running Athletes. Sports Med 2023; 53:1117-1124. [PMID: 36598744 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress fractures likely have a 1-2% incidence in athletes in general. In runners, a more vulnerable population, incidence rates likely range between 3.2 and 21% with female runners having greater susceptibility. The incidence of femoral shaft stress fractures is less well known. New basic and translational science research may impact the way clinicians diagnose and treat femoral stress fractures. By using a fictitious case study, this paper applies bone science to suggest new approaches to evaluating and treating femoral shaft stress fractures in the running population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Hegedus
- Tufts University Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 101 E Washington St Ste 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Edward P Mulligan
- Tufts University Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 101 E Washington St Ste 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | | | - Angela Spontelli Gisselman
- Tufts University Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 101 E Washington St Ste 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Liana C Wooten
- Tufts University Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 101 E Washington St Ste 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Benjamin D Stern
- Tufts University Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 101 E Washington St Ste 950, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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5
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Dickson T, Wilkinson T, Hegedus EJ, Gisselman AS. Transforming the Patient Experience: Moving Beyond Cultural Competence to Cultural Safety. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6556166. [PMID: 35358317 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Dickson
- Tufts DPT-Phoenix, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tawna Wilkinson
- Tufts DPT-Phoenix, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Tufts DPT-Phoenix, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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6
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Devine, NF, Hegedus, EJ, Nguyen, A-D, Ford, KR, and Taylor, JB. External match load in women's collegiate lacrosse. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 503-507, 2022-Quantifying external loads during athletic activities, particularly game-level competition, can provide objective data for the management of athlete performance, late-stage rehabilitation, and return-to-play decisions after lower extremity injury; yet, no studies have quantified these data in collegiate women's lacrosse athletes. The purpose of this study was to report external load values for collegiate women's lacrosse players and identify positional differences in activity demands during game competition. Load data were collected on 18 collegiate women's lacrosse players using a wearable global positioning system unit during a 19-game season. Descriptive statistics of distance, speed, and frequency (sprints, high-intensity sprints, high-intensity accelerations, high-intensity decelerations) measures were computed. Linear mixed models were used to identify differences between positions and phases of the season (α = 0.05). On average, players travelled 4,733 ± 2,294 m per game (range, 1,259-7,811 m), of which 656 ± 446 m (range 60-1,633 m) occurred at high-intensity speeds and reached a maximum speed of 24.1 ± 2.6 km·h-1 (range, 19.2-27.7 km·h-1). In each game, subjects averaged 124 ± 68 sprints, 6.1 ± 4.1 high-intensity sprints, 51 ± 34 high-intensity accelerations, and 38 ± 25 high-intensity decelerations. Positional differences were identified for total (p = 0.04) and relative (p = 0.01) distance travelled at high-intensity speeds, and frequency of sprints (p = 0.01) and high-intensity decelerations (p = 0.03). During game competition, collegiate women's lacrosse demands significant external load, much of which occurs at high intensities. These data provide sport- and position-specific values for reference during late-stage rehabilitation and return-to-play testing, allowing clinicians to quantitatively progress load tolerance throughout rehabilitation and guide safe return to play.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anh-Dung Nguyen
- Athletic Training, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina; and
| | | | - Jeffrey B Taylor
- Departments of Physical Therapy; and.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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7
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Wright AA, Ness BM, Donaldson M, Hegedus EJ, Salamh P, Cleland JA. Effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in an overhead athletic population: A systematic review. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:189-193. [PMID: 34560586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in overhead athletes. DESIGN Systematic Review. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from database inception through December 2020 for randomized controlled or prospective cohort studies that implemented shoulder injury prevention programs in overhead athletes and reported shoulder injury incidence rates. RESULTS Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies reported on odds ratios (OR) that resulted in a reduction of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes following shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises (OR, 0.72; 95% CI; 0.52, 0.98; OR, 0.22; 95% CI; 0.06, 0.75). One study reported on hazard ratio (HR) that resulted in a reduction of shoulder injuries following stretching of the posterior capsule (HR, 0.36; 95% CI; 0.13, 0.95). CONCLUSION There is limited research surrounding the effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in overhead athletes specific to injury reduction. Only three studies reported a favorable effect in terms of injury prevention, with only one study at low risk of bias. At present, no conclusions can be made regarding the effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in the overhead athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Wright
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Brandon M Ness
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Megan Donaldson
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Paul Salamh
- Krannert School of Physical Therapy, University of Indianapolis, 1400 East Hanna Ave, Indianapolis, IN, 46227, USA
| | - Joshua A Cleland
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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8
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Hegedus EJ, Ickes L, Jakobs F, Ford KR, Smoliga JM. Comprehensive Return to Competitive Distance Running: A Clinical Commentary. Sports Med 2021; 51:2507-2523. [PMID: 34478108 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Running injuries are very common, and there are well-established protocols for clinicians to manage specific musculoskeletal conditions in runners. However, competitive and elite runners may experience different injuries than the average recreational runner, due to differences in training load, biomechanics, and running experience. Additionally, injury-specific rehabilitation protocols do not consider the broader goal of return to competitive running, including the unique psychosocial and cardiorespiratory fitness needs of elite athletes. This review aims to suggest a guideline for running-specific progression as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for injured competitive runners. Tools to evaluate an athlete's psychosocial preparedness to return to competition are presented. Recommendations are also provided for monitoring cardiorespiratory fitness of injured runners, including the nuances of interpreting these data. Finally, a six-phase training paradigm is proposed to guide clinicians as they help competitive runners transition from the early stages of injury through a full return to competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, One University Parkway, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA. .,Physical Therapy Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Lindsey Ickes
- Department of Exercise Science, One University Parkway, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Franziska Jakobs
- Department of Exercise Science, One University Parkway, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Kevin R Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, One University Parkway, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - James M Smoliga
- Department of Physical Therapy, One University Parkway, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
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9
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Stern BD, Hegedus EJ, Lai YC. State dependence: Does a prior injury predict a future injury? Phys Ther Sport 2021; 49:8-14. [PMID: 33550203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sports medicine literature is filled with associations between injury and causal factors. However, those results have been inconsistent. We're left wondering which of our athletes might need more attention and where our efforts might be best spent. Resistance to injury is the result of interaction between many variables. These variables are interdependent with dynamic relationships which can be sometimes correlated, at times anti-correlated and from time to time show no relationship with injury risk. Relationships we may have seen yesterday do not necessarily hold true for today and we should not use those to infer what will happen. This perspective piece builds on prior works and describes how the complex interaction between injury determinants presents in other systems, why determinants are not stable and instead vary over time due to internal and external forcing and why our prediction ability remains limited even when determinants are identified. Patterns built from frequent time series data in conjunction with nonlinear dynamical methods can offer us a new approach to thinking about injury prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stern
- Department of Outpatient Rehabilitation, HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Physical Therapy Program, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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10
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Dischiavi SL, Wright AA, Hegedus EJ, Thornton EP, Bleakley CM. FRAMEWORK FOR OPTIMIZING ACL REHABILITATION UTILIZING A GLOBAL SYSTEMS APPROACH. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:478-485. [PMID: 32566384 PMCID: PMC7297005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Knee injuries such as ACL tears commonly occur and there is a high re-injury rate after primary ACL reconstruction with figures estimated at 25%-33%. Clinicians often use hip strengthening as a key component of knee rehabilitation. Evidence suggests that adopting a "regional" or "proximal" approach to rehabilitation can increase hip strength, but motor control often remains unchanged, particularly during more complex tasks such as running and jumping. It has been previously suggested that the current approach to "regional/proximal" rehabilitation is too basic and is constrained by a reductionist philosophy. This clinical commentary provides the clinician a framework for optimizing knee rehabilitation, underpinned by a more global approach. Although this approach remains hip-focused, it can be easily adapted to modify exercise complexity and key loading variables (speed, direction, flight), which will help the clinician to better replicate the sport specific demands on the knee. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis A Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, USA, 27268
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, USA, 27268
| | - Erica P Thornton
- Department of Athletic Training, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
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11
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Stern BD, Hegedus EJ, Lai YC. Injury prediction as a non-linear system. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 41:43-48. [PMID: 31733565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stern
- Department of Outpatient Rehabilitation, HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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12
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Vidt ME, Santago AC, Marsh AP, Hegedus EJ, Tuohy CJ, Poehling GG, Freehill MT, Miller ME, Saul KR. Modeling a rotator cuff tear: Individualized shoulder muscle forces influence glenohumeral joint contact force predictions. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 60:20-29. [PMID: 30308434 PMCID: PMC6252115 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tears in older individuals may result in decreased muscle forces and changes to force distribution across the glenohumeral joint. Reduced muscle forces may impact functional task performance, altering glenohumeral joint contact forces, potentially contributing to instability or joint damage risk. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of rotator cuff muscle force distribution on glenohumeral joint contact force during functional pull and axilla wash tasks using individualized computational models. METHODS Fourteen older individuals (age 63.4 yrs. (SD 1.8)) were studied; 7 with rotator cuff tear, 7 matched controls. Muscle volume measurements were used to scale a nominal upper limb model's muscle forces to develop individualized models and perform dynamic simulations of movement tracking participant-derived kinematics. Peak resultant glenohumeral joint contact force, and direction and magnitude of force components were compared between groups using ANCOVA. FINDINGS Results show individualized muscle force distributions for rotator cuff tear participants had reduced peak resultant joint contact force for pull and axilla wash (P ≤ 0.0456), with smaller compressive components of peak resultant force for pull (P = 0.0248). Peak forces for pull were within the glenoid. For axilla wash, peak joint contact was directed near/outside the glenoid rim for three participants; predictions required individualized muscle forces since nominal muscle forces did not affect joint force location. INTERPRETATION Older adults with rotator cuff tear had smaller peak resultant and compressive forces, possibly indicating increased instability or secondary joint damage risk. Outcomes suggest predicted joint contact force following rotator cuff tear is sensitive to including individualized muscle forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Vidt
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Biomedical Engineering, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Anthony C Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Biomedical Engineering, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, PO Box 7868, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA
| | - Christopher J Tuohy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gary G Poehling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Michael T Freehill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 3, Campus Box 7910, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla R Moran
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chris M Bleakley
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Dischiavi SL, Wright AA, Hegedus EJ, Ford KR, Bleakley C. Does 'proximal control' need a new definition or a paradigm shift in exercise prescription? A clinical commentary. Br J Sports Med 2017; 53:141-142. [PMID: 29196286 PMCID: PMC6362605 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Dischiavi
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA.,Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, School of Sport, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Alexis A Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin R Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chris Bleakley
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA.,Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, School of Sport, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
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15
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Salamh PA, Kolber MJ, Hegedus EJ, Cook CE. The efficacy of stretching exercises to reduce posterior shoulder tightness acutely in the postoperative population: a single blinded randomized controlled trial. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 34:111-120. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1376020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Salamh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Morey J Kolber
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, USA
| | - Chad E Cook
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
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16
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Hegedus EJ, Wright AA. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is not enough. Physical Therapy Reviews 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2017.1331590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University , High Point, NC, USA
| | - Alexis A. Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University , High Point, NC, USA
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17
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Wright AA, Dischiavi SL, Smoliga JM, Taylor JB, Hegedus EJ. Association of Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test with lower extremity injury in NCAA Division 1 athletes: an independent validation study. Physiotherapy 2017; 103:231-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Hegedus EJ, Wright AA, Cook C. Orthopaedic special tests and diagnostic accuracy studies: house wine served in very cheap containers. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1578-1579. [PMID: 28473350 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis A Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chad Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Wright AA, Hegedus EJ, Tarara DT, Ray SC, Dischiavi SL. Exercise prescription for overhead athletes with shoulder pathology: a systematic review with best evidence synthesis. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:231-237. [PMID: 28404557 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To produce a best evidence synthesis of exercise prescription used when treating shoulder pathology in the overhead athlete. DESIGN A systematic review of exercises used in overhead athletes including case studies and clinical commentaries. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL from database inception through July 8, 2016. METHODS We examined data from randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort (level I-IV evidence) studies that addressed exercise intervention in the rehabilitation of the overhead athlete with shoulder pathology. Case studies and clinical commentaries (level V evidence) were examined to account for expert opinion-based research. Data were combined using best evidence synthesis and graded (A-F) recommendations (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine). RESULTS There were 33 unique exercises in six level I-IV studies that met our inclusion criteria. Most exercises were single-plane, upper extremity exercises performed below 90o of elevation. There were 102 unique exercises in 33 level V studies that met our inclusion criteria. These exercises emphasised plyometrics, kinetic chain and sport-specific training. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Overall, evidence for exercise interventions in overhead athletes with shoulder pathology is dominated by expert opinion (grade D). There is great variability between exercise approaches suggested by experts and those investigated in research studies and the overall level of evidence is low. The strongest available evidence (level B) supports the use of single-plane, open chain upper extremity exercises performed below 90° of elevation and closed chain upper extremity exercises. Clinical expert pieces support a more advanced, global treatment approach consistent with the complex, multidimensional nature of sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel T Tarara
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha C Ray
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven L Dischiavi
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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Hardesty K, Hegedus EJ, Ford KR, Nguyen A, Taylor JB. DETERMINATION OF CLINICALLY RELEVANT DIFFERENCES IN FRONTAL PLANE HOP TESTS IN WOMEN'S COLLEGIATE BASKETBALL AND SOCCER PLAYERS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:182-189. [PMID: 28515972 PMCID: PMC5380860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACL injury prevention programs are less successful in female basketball players than in soccer players. Previous authors have identified anthropometric and biomechanical differences between the athletes and different sport-specific demands, including a higher frequency of frontal plane activities in basketball. Current injury risk screening and preventive training practices do not place a strong emphasis on frontal plane activities. The medial and lateral triple hop for distance tests may be beneficial for use in the basketball population. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To 1) establish normative values for the medial and lateral triple hop tests in healthy female collegiate athletes, and 2) analyze differences in test scores between female basketball and soccer players. It was hypothesized that due to the frequent frontal plane demands of their sport, basketball players would exhibit greater performance during these frontal plane performance tests. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Thirty-two NCAA Division-1 female athletes (20 soccer, 12 basketball) performed three trials each of a medial and lateral triple hop for distance test. Distances were normalized to height and mass in order to account for anthropometric differences. Repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to identify statistically significant main effects of sport (basketball vs. soccer), and side (right vs. left), and sport x side interactions. RESULTS After accounting for anthropometric differences, soccer players exhibited significantly better performance than basketball players in the medial and lateral triple hop tests (p < 0.05). Significant side differences (p = 0.02) were identified in the entire population for the medial triple hop test, such that participants jumped farther on their left (400.3 ± 41.5 cm) than right (387.9 ± 43.4 cm) limbs, but no side differences were identified in the lateral triple hop. No significant side x sport interactions were identified. CONCLUSIONS Women's basketball players exhibit decreased performance of frontal plane hop tests when compared to women's soccer players. Additionally, the medial triple hop for distance test may be effective at identifying side-to-side asymmetries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hardesty
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Eric J. Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Kevin R. Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Anh‐Dung Nguyen
- Department of Athletic Training, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
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Hegedus EJ. The association of physical performance tests with injury in collegiate athletes. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1039-1040. [PMID: 28188127 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Lewis JS, McCreesh K, Barratt E, Hegedus EJ, Sim J. Inter-rater reliability of the Shoulder Symptom Modification Procedure in people with shoulder pain. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000181. [PMID: 27900200 PMCID: PMC5125418 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal conditions involving the shoulder are common and, because of the importance of the upper limb and hand in daily function, symptoms in this region are commonly associated with functional impairment in athletic and non-athletic populations. Deriving a definitive diagnosis as to the cause of shoulder symptoms is fraught with difficulty. Limitations have been recognised for imaging and for orthopaedic special tests. 1 solution is to partially base management on the response to tests aimed at reducing the severity of the patient's perception of symptoms. 1 (of many) such tests is the Shoulder Symptom Modification Procedure (SSMP). The reliability of this procedure is unknown. Methods 37 clinician participants independently watched the videos of 11 patient participants undergoing the SSMP and recorded each patient's response as improved (partially or completely), no change or worse. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by Krippendorff's α, which ranges from 0 to 1. Results Krippendorff's α was found to range from 0.762 to 1.000, indicating moderate to substantial reliability. In addition, short (3-hour) and longer (1-day) durations of training were associated with similar levels of reliability across the techniques. Conclusions Deriving a definitive structural diagnosis for a person presenting with a musculoskeletal condition involving the shoulder is difficult. The findings of the present study suggest that the SSMP demonstrates a high level of reliability. More research is needed to better understand the relevance of such procedures. Trial registration number ISRCTN95412360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Lewis
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; Department of Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karen McCreesh
- Department of Clinical Therapies , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Eva Barratt
- Department of Clinical Therapies , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy , Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University , High Point, North Carolina , USA
| | - Julius Sim
- Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University , Stoke-on-Trent , UK
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Hegedus EJ, Hardesty KW, Sunderland KL, Hegedus RJ, Smoliga JM. A randomized trial of traditional and golf-specific resistance training in amateur female golfers: Benefits beyond golf performance. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 22:41-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Wright AA, Hegedus EJ, Taylor JB, Dischiavi SL, Stubbs AJ. Non-operative management of femoroacetabular impingement: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 19:716-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Smoliga JM, Mohseni ZS, Berwager JD, Hegedus EJ. Common causes of dyspnoea in athletes: a practical approach for diagnosis and management. Breathe (Sheff) 2016; 12:e22-37. [PMID: 27408644 PMCID: PMC4933616 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.006416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Educational aims Dyspnoea during exercise is a common chief complaint in athletes and active individuals. It is not uncommon for dyspnoeic athletes to be diagnosed with asthma, “exercise-induced asthma” or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction based on their symptoms, but this strategy regularly leads to misdiagnosis and improper patient management. Dyspnoea during exercise can ultimately be caused by numerous respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions, ranging from nonpathological to potentially fatal in severity. As, such it is important for healthcare providers to be familiar with the many factors that can cause dyspnoea during exercise in seemingly otherwise-healthy individuals and have a general understanding of the clinical approach to this patient population. This article reviews common conditions that ultimately cause athletes to report dyspnoea and associated symptoms, and provides insight for developing an efficient diagnostic plan. Dyspnoea, fatigue and underperformance are often interrelated symptoms in athletes, and may have various causeshttp://ow.ly/4nsYnk
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Smoliga
- Dept of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Zahra S Mohseni
- Dept of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Eric J Hegedus
- Dept of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
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Smoliga JM, Wright AA, Hegedus EJ. Diagnostic Accuracy of Various Imaging Modalities for Suspected Lower Extremity Stress Fractures: Response. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:NP33-4. [PMID: 27371676 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516655120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Fogaca LK, Hegedus EJ, Smoliga JM. Digit Ratio Is Unrelated To One Mile Running Performance In Males And Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486404.91267.df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Dineen OL, Ford KR, Nguyen AD, Hegedus EJ, Dischiavi SL, Taylor JB. Comparing Performance And Side-to-side Asymmetry Of The Forward, Medial And Lateral Triple Hop Tests. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487201.34854.ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Wright AA, Stern B, Hegedus EJ, Tarara DT, Taylor JB, Dischiavi SL. Potential limitations of the functional movement screen: a clinical commentary. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:770-1. [PMID: 27034128 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ben Stern
- Honor Health, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel T Tarara
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven L Dischiavi
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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Vidt ME, Santago AC, Marsh AP, Hegedus EJ, Tuohy CJ, Poehling GG, Freehill MT, Miller ME, Saul KR. The effects of a rotator cuff tear on activities of daily living in older adults: A kinematic analysis. J Biomech 2016; 49:611-7. [PMID: 26879327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears (RCT) in older individuals may compound age-associated physiological changes and impact their ability to perform daily functional tasks. Our objective was to quantify thoracohumeral kinematics for functional tasks in 18 older adults (mean age=63.3±2.2), and compare findings from nine with a RCT to nine matched controls. Motion capture was used to record kinematics for 7 tasks (axilla wash, forward reach, functional pull, hair comb, perineal care, upward reach to 90°, upward reach to 105°) spanning the upper limb workspace. Maximum and minimum joint angles and motion excursion for the three thoracohumeral degrees of freedom (elevation plane, elevation, axial rotation) were identified for each task and compared between groups. The RCT group used greater minimum elevation angles for axilla wash and functional pull (p≤0.0124) and a smaller motion excursion for functional pull (p=0.0032) compared to the control group. The RCT group also used a more internally rotated maximum axial rotation angle than controls for functional reach, functional pull, hair comb, and upward reach to 105° (p≤0.0494). The most differences between groups were observed for axial rotation, with the RCT group using greater internal rotation to complete functional tasks, and significant differences between groups were identified for all three thoracohumeral degrees of freedom for functional pull. We conclude that older adults with RCT used more internal rotation to perform functional tasks than controls. The kinematic differences identified in this study may have consequences for progression of shoulder damage and further functional impairment in older adults with RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Vidt
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Anthony C Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J Tuohy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gary G Poehling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael T Freehill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Hegedus EJ, McDonough S, Bleakley C, Baxter GD, DePew JT, Bradbury I, Cook C. Physical performance tests predict injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes: a three-season prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:1333-1337. [PMID: 26746910 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to predict injury is difficult. Prior injury is the only risk factor that has been reported consistently in multiple research studies. Convenient and easy to perform, physical performance tests (PPTs) have great allure as prognostic factors. METHODS 11 PPTs were issued to 359 participants over the course of three seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletic competition. Injuries were monitored and reported in a centralised university tracking system. Exploratory factor analysis was performed in order to group the PPTs into constructs. The relationship between injury and these PPT-based constructs and other known predictors of injury was explored using univariate and multivariate regression. RESULTS PPTs clustered into five constructs: (1) active motion, (2) power, (3) hip stability, (4) flexibility and (5) motor control. When these five were placed into a multiple regression equation along with known risk factors (age, body mass index (BMI), gender, excessive flexibility and past injury), hip stability and active motion were predicted injury. In addition, motor control predicted non-traumatic injury. Past injury did not predict injury in the multivariate model. SUMMARY In college athletes, hip stability, active motion and motor control as assessed through PPTs can be useful as part of preseason screening. These PPT-related constructs seem to have a mediating effect on the relationship between past injury and future injury. This study provides the rationale to test targeted interventions to address these limitations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01804894.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne McDonough
- Centre for Health and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, County Antrim, UK
| | - Chris Bleakley
- Lecturer Ulster Sports Academy, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Carrickfergus, UK
| | - G David Baxter
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Tyler DePew
- Athletic Trainer, Department of Athletics, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian Bradbury
- University of Ulster, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Newtownabbey, County Antrim, UK
| | - Chad Cook
- Division of Physical Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Wright AA, Hegedus EJ, Lenchik L, Kuhn KJ, Santiago L, Smoliga JM. Diagnostic Accuracy of Various Imaging Modalities for Suspected Lower Extremity Stress Fractures: A Systematic Review With Evidence-Based Recommendations for Clinical Practice. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:255-63. [PMID: 25805712 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515574066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature is filled with conflicting findings regarding diagnostic accuracy and protocols for imaging suspected lower extremity stress fractures. The absence of systematic reviews on this topic has limited the development of evidence-based recommendations for appropriate imaging protocols in cases of suspected lower extremity stress fractures. PURPOSE To determine the diagnostic accuracy statistics of imaging modalities used to diagnose lower extremity stress fractures and to synthesize evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A generic search strategy for published studies was performed using multiple databases. A study was eligible for inclusion if it met all of the following criteria: (1) at least 1 diagnostic imaging modality was studied, (2) at least 1 radiological reference standard was used, (3) the study reported or allowed computation of diagnostic accuracy statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio), (4) a full-text version was available, (5) the article was written in English, and (6) the study included lower extremity stress fractures. Studies that examined asymptomatic individuals or patients with fractures due to disease or pharmacologic intervention were excluded. RESULTS Reported sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were as follows: For conventional radiography, sensitivity ranged from 12% (0%-29%) to 56% (39%-72%) and specificity ranged from 88% (55%-100%) to 96% (87%-100%). For nuclear scintigraphy (NS), sensitivity ranged from 50% (23%-77%) to 97% (90%-100%) and specificity from 33% (12%-53%) to 98% (93%-100%). For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sensitivity ranged from 68% (45%-90%) to 99% (95%-100%) and specificity from 4% (0%-11%) to 97% (88%-100%). For computed tomography, sensitivity ranged from 32% (8%-57%) to 38% (16%-59%) and specificity from 88% (55%-100%) to 98% (91%-100%). For ultrasound, sensitivity ranged from 43% (26%-61%) to 99% (95%-100%) and specificity from 13% (0%-45%) to 79% (61%-96%). CONCLUSION MRI was identified as the most sensitive and specific imaging test for diagnosing stress fractures of the lower extremity. When MRI is available, NS is not recommended because of its low specificity, high dosage of ionizing radiation, and other limitations. Conventional radiographs are likely to result in false negatives upon initial presentation, particularly in the early stages of stress fracture, and in some cases may not reveal an existing stress fracture at any time. A diagnostic imaging algorithm was developed with specific recommendations for cost-efficient imaging of low-risk and high-risk suspected stress fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leon Lenchik
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karin J Kuhn
- Internal Medicine Department, Oakland Medical Center-Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Laura Santiago
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - James M Smoliga
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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Vidt ME, Santago AC, Tuohy CJ, Poehling GG, Freehill MT, Kraft RA, Marsh AP, Hegedus EJ, Miller ME, Saul KR. Assessments of Fatty Infiltration and Muscle Atrophy From a Single Magnetic Resonance Image Slice Are Not Predictive of 3-Dimensional Measurements. Arthroscopy 2016; 32:128-39. [PMID: 26391648 PMCID: PMC4706774 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To (1) determine whether standard clinical muscle fatty infiltration and atrophy assessment techniques using a single image slice for patients with a rotator cuff tear (RCT) are correlated with 3-dimensional measures in older individuals (60+ years) and (2) to determine whether age-associated changes to muscle morphology and strength are compounded by an RCT. METHODS Twenty older individuals were studied: 10 with an RCT of the supraspinatus (5 men and 5 women) and 10 matched controls. Clinical imaging assessments (Goutallier and Fuchs scores and cross-sectional area ratio) were performed for participants with RCTs. Three-dimensional measurements of rotator cuff muscle and fat tissues were obtained for all participants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Isometric joint moment was measured at the shoulder. RESULTS There were no significant associations between single-image assessments and 3-dimensional measurements of fatty infiltration for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Compared with controls, participants with RCTs had significantly increased percentages of fatty infiltration for each rotator cuff muscle (all P ≤ .023); reduced whole muscle volume for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles (all P ≤ .038); and reduced fat-free muscle volume for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles (all P ≤ .027). Only the teres minor (P = .017) fatty infiltration volume was significantly greater for participants with RCTs. Adduction, flexion, and external rotation strength (all P ≤ .021) were significantly reduced for participants with RCTs, and muscle volume was a significant predictor of strength for all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Clinical scores using a single image slice do not represent 3-dimensional muscle measurements. Efficient methods are needed to more effectively capture 3-dimensional information for clinical applications. Participants with RCTs had increased fatty infiltration percentages that were likely driven by muscle atrophy rather than increased fat volume. The significant association of muscle volume with strength production suggests that treatments to preserve muscle volume should be pursued for older patients with RCTs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, diagnostic study, with development of diagnostic criteria on the basis of consecutive patients with universally applied reference gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Vidt
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony C. Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J. Tuohy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gary G. Poehling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael T. Freehill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert A. Kraft
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony P. Marsh
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eric J. Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Michael E. Miller
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R. Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Tarara DT, Fogaca LK, Taylor JB, Hegedus EJ. Clinician-friendly physical performance tests in athletes part 3: a systematic review of measurement properties and correlations to injury for tests in the upper extremity. Br J Sports Med 2015; 50:545-51. [PMID: 26701926 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In parts 1 and 2 of this systematic review, the methodological quality as well as the quality of the measurement properties of physical performance tests (PPTs) of the lower extremity in athletes was assessed. In this study, part 3, PPTs of the upper extremity in athletes are examined. METHODS Database and hand searches were conducted to identify primary literature addressing the use of upper extremity PPTs in athletes. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to critique the methodological quality of each paper. The Terwee Scale was used to analyse the quality of the measurement properties of each test. RESULTS 11 articles that examined 6 PPTs were identified. The 6 PPTs were: closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), seated shot put (2 hands), unilateral seated shot put, medicine ball throw, modified push-up test and 1-arm hop test. Best evidence synthesis provided moderate positive evidence for the CKCUEST and unilateral seated shot put. Limited positive evidence was available for the medicine ball throw and 1-arm hop test. CONCLUSIONS There are a limited number of upper extremity PPTs used as part of musculoskeletal screening examinations, or as outcome measures in athletic populations. The CKCUEST and unilateral seated shot put are 2 promising PPTs based on moderate evidence. However, the utility of the PPTs in injured populations is unsubstantiated in literature and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Tarara
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, School of Health Sciences, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas K Fogaca
- Department of Biology, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, School of Health Sciences, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, School of Health Sciences, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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Ford KR, Nguyen AD, Dischiavi SL, Hegedus EJ, Zuk EF, Taylor JB. An evidence-based review of hip-focused neuromuscular exercise interventions to address dynamic lower extremity valgus. Open Access J Sports Med 2015; 6:291-303. [PMID: 26346471 PMCID: PMC4556293 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s72432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in proximal hip strength or neuromuscular control may lead to dynamic lower extremity valgus. Measures of dynamic lower extremity valgus have been previously shown to relate to increased risk of several knee pathologies, specifically anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and patellofemoral pain. Therefore, hip-focused interventions have gained considerable attention and been successful in addressing these knee pathologies. The purpose of the review was to identify and discuss hip-focused exercise interventions that aim to address dynamic lower extremity valgus. Previous electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics research support the use of targeted hip exercises with non-weight-bearing, controlled weight-bearing, functional exercise, and, to a lesser extent, dynamic exercises in reducing dynamic lower extremity valgus. Further studies should be developed to identify and understand the mechanistic relationship between optimized biomechanics during sports and hip-focused neuromuscular exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Anh-Dung Nguyen
- Department of Athletic Training, School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Steven L Dischiavi
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Emma F Zuk
- Department of Athletic Training, School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
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Wassinger CA, Williams DA, Milosavljevic S, Hegedus EJ. CLINICAL RELIABILITY AND DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF VISUAL SCAPULOHUMERAL MOVEMENT EVALUATION IN DETECTING PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER IMPAIRMENT. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2015; 10:456-463. [PMID: 26346446 PMCID: PMC4527193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical investigation of shoulder injuries commonly utilizes visual evaluation of scapular movement to determine if abnormal or asymmetrical movements are related to the injury. To date, the intrarater reliability and diagnostic accuracy of visual evaluation of scapular movement among physical therapists are not known. PURPOSE The aims of this study were to determine the clinical reliability and diagnostic accuracy of physical therapists visual evaluation of scapulohumeral movements when used to diagnose shoulder impairment. STUDY DESIGN University based laboratory and an internet based survey. METHODS Thirty-three physical therapists and 12 patient participants participated in this study. Reliability was measured as percent agreement and using the free marginal kappa statistic (κ) and Cronbach's alpha (α) for interrater and intrarater reliability respectively. Diagnostic accuracy variables such as sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios were calculated from contingency table analysis. RESULTS Visual evaluation yielded the following (95% CI): diagnostic accuracy 49.5%, specificity 60% (56 - 64), and sensitivity 35% (29 - 41), positive and negative likelihood ratios were 0.87 (0.66 - 1.14) and 1.09 (0.92 - 1.27) respectively. Percent agreements of evaluation findings between sessions for static and dynamic symmetry were 69% and 68%, respectively. The alpha statistics for static and dynamic symmetry were both 0.51. Percentage agreement in determining the injured shoulder was 59%, with an alpha statistic of 0.35. CONCLUSION Visual evaluation of scapular movements, without additional clinical information, demonstrated a poor to fair reliability and poor to fair diagnostic accuracy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical utility of the use of isolated visual scapular evaluation is cautioned. More reliable and valid objective measures are needed for diagnosing shoulder impairment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b, Exploratory cohort study.
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Vidt ME, Santago AC, Hegedus EJ, Marsh AP, Tuohy CJ, Poehling GG, Freehill MT, Miller ME, Saul KR. Can self-report instruments of shoulder function capture functional differences in older adults with and without a rotator cuff tear? J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2015. [PMID: 26208428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are prevalent in older individuals and may compound age-associated functional declines. Our purpose was to determine whether self-report measures of perceived functional ability are valid for older patients with RCT. Twenty five subjects participated (12M/13F; age=63.9±3.0years); 13 with RCT and 12 controls (CON). Participants completed self-report measures of shoulder function (SST, ASES, WORC) and health-related quality of life (SF-36). Isometric joint moment and range of motion (ROM) were measured at the shoulder. Relationships among functional self-reports, and between these measures and joint moment and ROM were assessed; group differences for total and subcategory scores were evaluated. There were significant correlations among self-reports (rs=0.62-0.71, p⩽0.02). For RCT subjects, ASES was associated with all joint moments except adduction (p⩽0.02); SST, ASES, and WORC were associated with abduction and external rotation ROM (p⩽0.04). For RCT subjects, SST and WORC were associated with SF-36 physical function subcategory scores (p⩽0.05). The RCT group scored worse than CON on all functional self-reports (p<0.01) and WORC and ASES subcategories (p<0.01). In conclusion, SST, ASES, and WORC demonstrate utility and discriminant validity for older individuals by distinguishing those with RCT, but this work suggests prioritizing ASES given its stronger association with functional group strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Vidt
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony C Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J Tuohy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gary G Poehling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael T Freehill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Context: Lower extremity injuries are common in basketball, yet it is unclear how prophylactic interventions affect lower extremity injury incidence rates. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of current lower extremity injury prevention programs in basketball athletes, focusing on injury rates of (1) general lower extremity injuries, (2) ankle sprains, and (3) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched in January 2015. Study Selection: Studies were included if they were randomized controlled or prospective cohort trials, contained a population of competitive basketball athletes, and reported lower extremity injury incidence rates specific to basketball players. In total, 426 individual studies were identified. Of these, 9 met the inclusion criteria. One other study was found during a hand search of the literature, resulting in 10 total studies included in this meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Data Extraction: Details of the intervention (eg, neuromuscular vs external support), size of control and intervention groups, and number of injuries in each group were extracted from each study. Injury data were classified into 3 groups based on the anatomic diagnosis reported (general lower extremity injury, ankle sprain, ACL rupture). Results: Meta-analyses were performed independently for each injury classification. Results indicate that prophylactic programs significantly reduced the incidence of general lower extremity injuries (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.85; P < 0.001) and ankle sprains (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.69; P < 0.001), yet not ACL ruptures (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.36-3.29; P = 0.87) in basketball athletes. Conclusion: In basketball players, prophylactic programs may be effective in reducing the risk of general lower extremity injuries and ankle sprains, yet not ACL injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Kevin R Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Anh-Dung Nguyen
- Department of Athletic Training, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Lauren N Terry
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
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Hegedus EJ, Cook CE. Return to play and physical performance tests: evidence-based, rough guess or charade? Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1288-9. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Berwager JD, Ford KR, Nguyen AD, Hegedus EJ, Taylor JB. A One-Step Countermovement Jump Elicits Asymmetrical Distribution of Lower Extremity Joint Moments in Female Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477362.59835.df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mulrey C, Ford KR, Nguyen AD, Hegedus EJ, Taylor JB. The Relationship Between Hip Extensor Strength, Jump Height and External Hip Flexion Moments During Jumping. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477358.67458.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ward PE, Ford KR, Nguyen AD, Hegedus EJ, Taylor JB. Sex-Differences in the Relative Distribution of Lower Extremity Sagittal Plane Moments During Landing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477594.57508.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hardesty KW, Fisher A, Smoliga JM, Sunderland KL, Hegedus RJ, Hegedus EJ. A Comparison Of 10 Weeks Of Functional Versus Traditional Resistance Training In Amateur Female Golfers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000479264.74923.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mantikas LB, Ford KR, Nguyen AD, Hegedus EJ, Ward PE, Taylor JB. Concurrent Validity Of Maximal Jump Height Measurements Of Clinical, Wearable, And Research-grade Instrumentation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000479346.32341.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hegedus EJ, Cook C, Lewis J, Wright A, Park JY. Combining orthopedic special tests to improve diagnosis of shoulder pathology. Phys Ther Sport 2015; 16:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
CONTEXT Physical-performance tests (PPTs) are commonly used in rehabilitation and injury-prevention settings, yet normative values of upper-extremity PPTs have not been established in high-level athletes. OBJECTIVE To establish normative data values for the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper-Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) and Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT) in college athletes and compare results between sports and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests. DESIGN Observational. SETTING Laboratory/athletic facility. PARTICIPANTS 257 (118 male, 139 female) Division I athletes participating in basketball, soccer, baseball, lacrosse, volleyball, track and field, and cross-country. INTERVENTION CKCUEST and UQYBT scores were recorded as part of a comprehensive injury-risk screening battery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Pearson correlations assessed the relationship between all measures of the CKCUEST and UQYBT. A factorial ANOVA and a repeated-measures ANOVA (arm dominance) were used to assess interactions between sex, year in school, and sport for CKCUEST and UQYBT scores. RESULTS Normative values for the CKCUEST and UQYBT were established for 9 men's and women's college sports. No significant relationships were found between PPT scores. Men scored significantly higher than women for the CKCUEST (P = .002) and UQYBT (P = .010). Baseball players scored significantly higher than athletes from all other sports for the UQYBT (P < .001) but showed nonsignificant trends of lower scores for the CKCUEST than lower-extremity-dominant athletes such as runners (P = .063) and lacrosse players (P = .058). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that average CKCUEST and UQYBT scores in Division I athletes are distinct from those previously reported in recreationally active populations and that performance differences exist between sexes and sports. In addition, the CKCUEST and UQYBT appear to measure different constructs of performance and may complement each other as part of a screening battery.
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Hegedus EJ, McDonough SM, Bleakley C, Baxter D, Cook CE. Clinician-friendly lower extremity physical performance tests in athletes: a systematic review of measurement properties and correlation with injury. Part 2—the tests for the hip, thigh, foot and ankle including the star excursion balance test. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:649-56. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hegedus EJ, McDonough S, Bleakley C, Cook CE, Baxter GD. Clinician-friendly lower extremity physical performance measures in athletes: a systematic review of measurement properties and correlation with injury, part 1. The tests for knee function including the hop tests. Br J Sports Med 2014; 49:642-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tarara DT, Hegedus EJ, Taylor JB. Real-time test-retest and interrater reliability of select physical performance measures in physically active college-aged students. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2014; 9:874-887. [PMID: 25540703 PMCID: PMC4275192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new 16-item physical performance measure screening battery (16-PPM) was developed in order to expand on established movement based qualitatively scored functional screening batteries to encompass a broader spectrum of quantitatively scored functional constructs such as strength, endurance, and power. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was quantify the real-time tests-retest and expert versus novice interrater reliability of the 16-PPM screen on a group of physically active college-aged individuals. The authors' hypothesized that the test-retest and interrater reliability of quantitatively-scored performance measures would be highly correlated (ICC ≥ 0.75) and that qualitatively-scored movement screening tests would be moderately correlated (K w = 0.41-0.60). STUDY DESIGN Cohort reliability study. METHODS Nineteen (8 males, 11 females) healthy physically active college-aged students completed the 16-PPM on two days, one week apart. RESULTS The majority of the quantitatively scored components of the 16-PPMs demonstrated good expert-novice interrater reliability (ICC > 0.75), while qualitatively scored tests had moderate (K w = 0.41-0.60) to substantial (K w = 0.61-0.80) agreement. Test-retest reliability was consistent between raters, with most quantitatively scored PPMs exhibiting superior reliability to the qualitatively scored PPMs. CONCLUSIONS The 16-PPM test items showed good test-retest and interrater reliability. However, results indicate that expert raters may be more reliable than novice raters for qualitatively scored tests. The validity of this 16-PPM needs to be determined in future studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Physical performance screening batteries may be used to help identify individuals at risk for future athletic injury; however, current PPMs that rely on qualitatively scored movement screens have exhibited inconsistent and questionable injury prediction validity. The addition of reliable quantitatively scored PPMs may complement qualitatively scored PPMs to improve the battery's predictive ability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Tarara
- Department of Exercise Science High Point University, School of Health Sciences, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Eric J. Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy High Point University, School of Health Sciences, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy High Point University, School of Health Sciences, High Point, NC, USA
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